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SESSIONAL PAPERS.
VOL XXIII-PART III
FIRST SESSION OF SEVENTH LEGISLATURE
OF THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO
SESSZOISr 1891
©ovottto :
PRINTED FOR LUD. K. CAMERON, QUEEN'S PRINTER,
BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 AND 70 FRONT ST. WEST,
1891.
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
LIST OF SESSIOJ^AL PAPERS.
AERANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
Title.
Accounts (Ontario and Quebec)
Accounts, Public
Agricultural and Arts, Report
Agricultural College, Report
Agricultural Societies, Analysis
Agricultural text book, Order in Council . .
Algoma. leases of lands in
Asylums, Report
Bee keepers' Association, Report
Births, Marriages and Deaths, Report . . . .
Blind Institute, Report
Canadian Institute, Report
Common Gaols, Report
Common School lands collections
Crown Lands, Report
Dairymen's Association, Report
Davis, Judge, Surrogate Fees to
Deaf and Dumb Institute, Report
Division Courts, Report
Education, Report
" publication of French reader . .
" Morrisburg Coll. Institute ...
" Aylmer Coll. Institute
" Gravenhurst High School . . . .
" Norwood Board of
" conveyance to N. A. Land Co'y
" compulsory Education
" publication of text books
" salaries in Normal Schools . . . .
Election Returns
Elgin House of Industry, Report
Entomological Society, Report
Estimates
Experimental Union, Report
No.
Remarks.
48
Printed.
19
(I
6
"
40
(I
41
32
Not printed
56
((
6
Printed.
66
Printed,
3
a
9
((
21
Printed.
7
((
63
((
34
iC
36
Printed.
22
Not printed.
8
Printed.
38
((
4
Printed.
26
27
Not jyrinted.
28
li
29
((
30
((
31
ii
33
Printed.
39
47
Not printed.
Printed.
1
((
42
15
Not printed.
Printed.
20
((
"{
" as pari of
Agricultural Coll.
Report.
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
Title.
Factories, Report
Forestry, Report ,
Fruit Growers, Report
-Gaols, Pveport
Health, Report ,
Hospitals, Report
Immigration, Report
Industries, Report
Insurance, Report
-Judicature Act, con mutation , .
<' ((
(t ((
Keewa,tin Lumber Oo'y., lease to
Land Improvement Fund ,
Lfgal Offices, Report
Lion Provident Life Association
Liquor License by-laws, quashed
Magdalen Asylums, Report
Mines, Report of Inspector
Mosgrove, Judge, Order in Council
Muir, Judge, Order in Council
Orphan Asylums, Report
Parry Sound, Election
Practical Science Report {part of)
Prisons Commission, Report
Prisons, Report
Proton Grammar School lands
Proton, Resolutions re school lands
Public Accounts
Public Works, Report
■Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park, Report . .
Reformatories, Report
Refuge, House of, Report
Kegistrara' Fees
Scientific Institutions, Reports {part of) . . . .
Secretary and Registrar, Report
Stati(jnary ?>ngineH
Statutes, distribution of
fitatutea, " ."
4
No.
Remarks.
60
Printed.
16
((
12
(;
7
Printed.
52
Printed.
10
((
35
Printed.
67
ii
2
<(
22
25
Not printed.
43
i(
49
((
56
Not printed.
63
Pri> ted.
58
((
55
65
Not printed.
Printed.
11
Printed.
68
((
49
25
Not printed.
11
Not printed.
54
4
Not printed.
Printed.
18
((
7
f(
61
(1
62
<(
19
((
17
((
51
Printed.
7
Printed.
11
((
39
((
4
Printed.
53
t(
45
(1
23
24
Not printed.
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
Title.
Tavern and Shop Licenses, Report
Text Books, publication
Timber berths under license
Timber Limits sales
Timber Limits, W. Algoma
Titles, Master of, Report
Toms, Judge, Order in Council
Toronto University, Report (part of)
" Revenue and Requirements, Report .
Upper Canada College, Report (part of)
'^ Bursar's statements
No.
Rkmarks.
13
Printed.
39
Not printed.
46
Printed.
44
i(
59
Not printed.
50
Printed.
43
Not printed.
4
Printed.
64
(^
4
Printed.
14
i(
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
LIST OF SESSIOI^AL PAPERS.
Arranged in Nu^nerical Order, with their titles at full length ; the Bates when Ordered
and when Presented to the Legislature ; the name of the Member who moved for
the same, and whether Ordered to be Printed or not.
No. 1 . .
No. 2,
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
No. 6.
No. 7
No. 8,
No. 9.
CONTENTS OP PART I.
Return from the Records of the General Election to the Legislative Assembly in
1890, shewing: — (1) The number of Votes polled for each Candidate in
each Electoral District in which there was a contest. (2) The majority
i^hereby each successful Candidate was returned. (3) The total number
of Votes polled in each District. (4) The number of Votes remaining un-
polled. (.5) The number of names on the Voters' List in each District.
(6) The population of each District as shewn by the last Census. (7) Similar
Statements as to any Elections held since the General Elections. Pre-
sented to the Legislature, 12th February, 1891. (Printed.)
Detailed Report of the Inspector of Insurance for the year ending 31st Decem-
1889. Presented to the Legislature March 10th, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Registrar- General, relating to the Registration of Births. Mar-
riages and Deaths for the year 1889. Presented to the Legislature 22nd
April, 1891. (Printed.)
CONTENTS OF PARI' IL
Report of the Minister of Education for the year 1890, with the Statistics of
1889, in which is included the Reports upon the Scientific Societies,
Toronto University, School of Practical Science and Upper Canada Col-
lege. Presented to the Legislature 13th March, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Council of the Agriculture and Arts Association for thp vf ar
1890. Presented to the Legislature 10th April, 1891. (Printed.)
CONTENTS OF PART III
Report upon the Lunatic and Idiotic Asylums for the year ending 30th Sep-
tember, 1890. Presented to the Legislature 10th March, 1891. (Printed.)
Report upon the Common Gaols, Prisons and Reformatories of the Province
for the year ending 30th September, 1890. Presented to tlie Legislature
3rd April, 1891. (Printed.)
Report upon the Institution for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, Belle-
ville, tor the year ending 30th September, 1890, Presented to the Legis-
lature 10th March, 1891. (Printed.)
Report upon the Institution for the instruction of the Blind, Brantford, for
the year ending 30th September, 1890. Presented to the Legislature
10th March, 1891. (Printed.)
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No. 10 . JReport upon the Hospitals of the Province for the yenr ending 30th Septem-
ber, 1890. Presented to the Legislature 10th April, 1891. (^Printed.)
No. 11.. Report upon the Houses of Refuge and Orphan and Magdalen Asylums for
.the year ending 30th September, 1890. Presented to the Legislature
•20th April, 1891. {Printed.)
No. \'2 . . Report of the Fruit Growers Association for the year 1890. Presented to the
Legislature 16th March, 1891. {Printed.)
No. 13. . |Report upon the working of the Tavern and Shop Licenses Acts for the year
I 1890. Presented to the Legislature 10th March, 1891. {Printed.)
I OONTENTo OF PART IV.
> o. 14.. (Statements of the Bursar of Upper Canada Oollege, of cash transactions, for
the year ending 30th June, 1890. Presented to the Legislature 16th
March, 1891. {Printed.)
No. 15 . . Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for the year 1890. Presented
to the Legislature 16th March, 1891. {Printed.)
No. 16.. Report on Forestry, 1889-90. Presented to the Legislature 24th March, 1891.
{I'Hnted.)
No. 17.. Report of the Commissioner of Public Works for the year 1890. Presented
to the Legislature 11th March, 1891. {Printed.)
No. I.S.. Report of the Commission appointed to enquire into the Prison and Reforma-
tory system of the Province. Presented to the Legislature 30th A-pril,
1891. {Printed.)
No. 19
No 20.
Nu. L'l .
No. -J-*
No. 2:',
' CONTENTS OF PART V.
Public Accounts of the Province for the year 1890. Presented to the Legisla-
ture 16th March, 1891. {Printed.)
Estimatesfor the serviceof the Province until the Estimates for the year are finally
passed. Presented to the Legislature 12th February, 1891. {Not prioded.)
Estimates for the year 1891. Presented to the Legislature 23rd March, 1891.
{Printed.) Estimates for the service of the Province until the Estimates
for the year are finally passed. Presenced to the Legislature 31st March,
1891. {Not printed.) Supplementary Estimates for the year 1891. Pre-
.-■ented to the Legislature 1st May, 1891. {Printed.)
Report of the Canadian Institute, 1890-91.
3rd April, 1891. {Printed.)
Presented to the Legislature
Copy of an Order of His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council respect-
ing the payment of Surrogate Court b\;es to His Honour Judf^e Davis
under tin; provisions of >)'! Vic, Cap. 10, Sec. .^). Presented to the Legis-
lature loth March, 1891. {Not printed.)
i.'ctiirn from the Queen's Print(;r as to the disposal of the Sessional Statutes.
Prewented to the LegisIatuK! lOtli March, 1891. {Not printed.)
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No. 25,
No. 24 . . Statement from the Queen's Printer as to the disposal of the Revised Statutes.
Presented to the Legislature 10th March, 1891. (Not printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council respecting the payment of Surrogate Court fees
to His Honour Judge Muir, under the provisions of .52 Vic, Gap. 10, Sec.
5. Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1891. [Not printtd.)
Copy of an Order in Council approving of an agreement with the Rose Publish-
ing Company for the publication of a High School French Reader.
Presented to the Legislature 11th March, 1891. [Not printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council raising the High School of Morrisburg to the
standing of a Collegiate Institute. Presented to the Legislature 11th
March, 1891. {Not printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council raising the High School at Aylmer to the stand-
ing of a Collegiate Institute. Presented to the Legislature 11th March,
1891. (Not printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council approving of a By-law of the County of Simcoe,
establishing a High School at the Town of Gravenhurst. Presented to the
Legislature 11th March, 1891. (Not jyrinted.)
Copy of an Order in Council conveying to Thomas Maitland Grover, certain
land in the Village of Norwood in exchange for other lands conveyed by
him to the Board of Education of Norwood. Presented to the Legisla-
ture 11th March, 1891. (Not printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council conveying to the North American Land Company,
Limited, certain lands at one time vested in the Toronto Collegiate Insti-
tute Board in trust, but surrendered to Her Majesty. Preaented to the
Legislature 11th March, 1891. (Not printed.)
Copy of an order in Council approving of an agreement with the J. E. Bryant
Company, Limited, for the publication of an agricultural text book. Pre-
sented to the Legislature llth March, 1891. (Not printed.)
Report on Compulsory Education in Canada, Great Britain, Germany and the
United States. Presented to the Legislature 20th March, 1891. (Printed.)
CONTENTS OF PART VL
Report of the Commissioner of Crown Lands for the year 1890. Presented to
the Legislature 1st April, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Dej^artment of Immigration for the year 1890. Presented to
the Legislature 16th April, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Dairymen's Association for the year 1890. Presented to the
Legislature 2nd May, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union for the year 1890.
Presented to the Legislature 22nd April, 1891. (Printed as part of Agri
cultural "Jollege Report.)
Report of the Inspector of Division Courts for the year 1890. Presented to
Legislature 20th March, 1891. (Printed.)
9
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No. 39..
No. 40.
No. 4rl.
No. 42.
No. 43,
No. 44
No. 45
No. 46,
No. 4 7
No. 48
Return to an Order of the House of the nineteenth day of March, 1890, shew-
ing copies of all correspondence on the subject of preparing or publishiti g
school text books, with a statement of all sums paid in connection with
the preparation or publication of school text bjoka subsequent to that
already brought down, with the award of the arbitrators thereon. Pre-
sented to the Legislature 20th March, 1891. Mr. Preston. {Not printed.')
Report of the Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm for the
year 1890. Presented to the Legislature 22nd April, 1891. (Printed.)
CONTENTS OF PART VII.
Analysis of Reports of County and Township Agricultural and Horticultural
Societies in Ontario for the year 1889. Presented to the Legislature 6th
April, 1891. (Not printed.)
Report of the Inspector of the Elgin House of Industry and Refuge for the
year ending 31st October, 1891. Presented to the Legislature 24th
March, 1891. (Not pri7ited.)
Copy of an Order in Council respecting the commutation of fees payable under
the Surrogate Courts Act to His Honour, Judge Toms, Judge of the
County Court of the County of Huron. Presented to the Legislature 31st
March, 1891. (Not printed.)
Statement of Sales of Timber Limits held 1st October, 1890. Presented to the
Legislature 2nd April, 1891. [Printed.)
Keturn to an Order of the House of the seventeenth day of February, 1890,
shewing the number of stationary steam engines and boilers in each of the
municipalities of the Province, and for what purpose used. Presented to
the Legislature 7th April, 1891. Mr. Phelps. {Printed.)
I
[Return to an Order of the House of the twenty-eighth day of February, 1890,
shewing, so far as the records of the Department of Crown Lands will
enable the information to be given, the number, area and location of each
timber berth or other territory now under license, the date when such
berth or territory was first placed under license, and the name of the
original licensee and of the person in whose name such license stood on
the first day of January las':. Also, shewing the bonus per square mile
I received for each such limit, and a rough map or plan shewing the area
I now under license. Presented to the Legislature 8th April, 1891. Mr.
I Meredith. {Printed.)
Copy of a Minute of the Department of Education dated 2.')th March, 1891,
\ approving of certain rules with re.spect to the Salaries of Teachers in the
! Provincial Normal and Model Schools. Presented to the Legislature 1 3th
; April, 1891. {Printed.)
]Rt-turn to an Address to His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor, of the twentieth
day of March, 1891, praying that he will cause to be lai.l before the
House a Return of copies of all correspondence, except that already
brought down, between any member or oliicer of the (lovernnient of
Ontario, and any nnuiiber or ofHcc^r of tli(> (!r)V(>rninent of tli<! Province of
Quebec, wiih ref(!n'nr;e to the matters in (lis|»ute betweiMi tiie Province of
Ontario and the Province of Quebec, or any of such matters, of all
10
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No. 49..
No. 50..
No. 51..
No. 52..
No. 53..
No. 54..
No. 55..
No. 56,
memoranda or documents shewing the propositions made for the settle-
ment of the said matters or any of them. Presented to the Legislature
14th April, 1891. Mr. //. E. Clarke {Toronto.) {Printed.)
Copy of an Order in Council respecting the commutation of fees of His Honour
Judge Mosgrove, Junior Judge of the County Court of the County of
Carleton, under the provisions of 52 Vic, Cap. 10, Sec. 5. Presented to
the Legislature 15th April, 1891. {Not printed.)
Report of the Master of Titles for the year 1890. Presented to the Legisla-
ture 20th April, 1891. {Printed.)
Report of the Commissioners for the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park. Pre-
sented to the Legislature 28th April, 1891. (Printed.)
Report of the Provincial Board of Health for the year 1890. Presented to the
Legislature 28th April, 1891. {Printed.)
Report of the Secretary and Registrar of the Province for the year 1890.
Presented to the Legislature 29th April, 1891. {Printed.)
Return to an Order of the House of the thirteenth day of April 1891, for a
copy of the Proclamation of the Returning Officer for the Electoral Dis-
trict of Parry Sound a|)pointed to hold the last election of a member to
represent the said Electoral District in this House, for holding the Elec-
tion and fixing the places at which Polls were to be opened for taking
the votes of the Electors thereat. A list of the places, if any, not named
in the said Proclamation at which Polls were opened. A statement of
the number of votes cast at any polling place not mentioned in thi- siid
Proclamation, shewing the number of votes cast for each candidate.
Copies of the notices, if any, of the opening and holding of such last
mentioned Polls, published by the Returning Officer, and a statement of
the date and manner of the publication thereof. Presented to the L<igis-
lature 29th April, 1891. Mr. Marter. {Not printed.)
Return to an Address to His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of the s-:ven-
teenth day of April, 1891, praying that he will cause to be laid before
this House a Return shewing what proceedings have been taken by fche
Government in investigating the business carried on by the Lion Provi-
dent and Life Association, with copies of any Reports or Orders in
Council connected therewith. Presented to the Legislature 30th April,
1891. Mr. Bishop. (Not printed.)
Return to an Order of the House of the twenty-sixth day of February, 1890,
for copies of the lease granted to the Keewatin Lumber Company or
John R. Mather, of certain lands and islands in or near the Lake of the
Woods, in the District of Algoma, and of all other leases granted of lands
or islands in the said district prior to the year 1878. Also, shewing the
revenue, if any, derived from the lands or islands so leased, or the tim
ber cut therefrom in each year since such leases were made, shewing t'i'.)ia
whom received and on what account, in so far as the same are shewn in
Department of Crown Lands. Also, a copy of the judgment pronounced
in the High Court of Justice as to the rights of the said lessees und^r the
said leases. Also, shewing the area of lands so placed under lease. Also.
a list of all claims made for locations or mining rights in the territory
covered by the said leases, and of the decisions of the Commissioner of
Crown Lands thereon. And copies of all correspondence with reference
11
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No.
to the surrender by the lessees, or any of them, of the rights claimed
under such leases, or any of such rights. Presented to the Legislature
1st May, 1891. Mr. Meredith. {Not /n-inted.)
Statement of the Returns forwarded to the office of the Provincial Secretary of
all the fees and emoluments leceived by the Registrars of Ontario for the
year 1890, made in accordance with the provisions of R.S.O., 1887, Cap.
114, Sec. 100, witli which are contrasted, receipts of the same nature in
the years 1888 and 1889. {Sessional Papers No. 57.) Presented to the
Legislature 1st May, 1891. (Printed.)
No. 58.
Report of the Inspector of Legal offices for the year 1890.
Legislature 1st May, 1891. {Printed.)
Presented to the
No. 59 . . I Return to an Order of the House of the twelfth day of March, 1800, shewing
I the lots, townships or other area, in the Electoral District of West Al^oma,
1 the timber of which has V>een sold. The dates when the same was sold ; the
names of the purchasers, and the prices paid. Shewing, also, what tim-
ber berths or other tei-ritory in the said district have been placed under
license, or in respect of which permits to cut timV>er have been granted
under the autl)ority of the Province ; the date when first placed under
I license, or permits iirst granted ; the names of the original licensee or
j holder of the permit ; the name of the present licensee or holder of the
I permit and the bonus per square mile received for each such berth or other
. ; territory. Presented to the Legislature 2nd May, 1891. Mr. Meredith.
' • {Not printed.)
I
No. (jO . . iReport of the In.spector of Factories for the year 1890. Presented to the
I Legislature 2nd May, 1891. (Printed.)
I
No. 61 . .jReturn to an Order of the House of the 29th day of April, 1891, shewing :
j 1. Total sales effected of Grammar School Lands in the Township of
I Proton, together with payments made on .same from March 6th, 1861, to
1 July 1st, 1867. 2. A statement of what yearly payments have been
received from sales of Grammar Schocl Lands in the Township of Proton
since July 1st, 1867, and what payments were made by the Government
to the Township of Proton as result of the same. Presented to the Legis-
lature 2nd May, 1891, Mr. McKechnie. (Printed.)
No. 62. .Return to an Order of the House of the 29Ph day of April, 1891, for copies
of any and all resolutions of the Council of the Township of Proton
relative to Grammar School Lands situated in that Township, or corres-
pondence of the Council rfgarding same. Al.so, copies of all petitions or
memorials from ratepayers of the Townshi]) ot Prottm which ^uin lo shew
or prove that when they purchased Grammar School Lands fiom the
Government it was with the distinct or implied understanding that ono-
fourth of the purcha.se money wa.s to be returned to them, as a fund for
public improvements within the Municipaliiy. Also, any and all further
correspondence regarding same not already brought down, .Also, any
correspondence with the late Crowit Land Agent at Durham, in connec-
tion with the sale of said lands which would tend to ])rove or alh^gH that
a fourih of the purchase money was to be returned to the Municipality to
form a fund for pul)li(; improvements in the Township. Also, any other
papers on the siiliject which have not been alnady l)rought down. Also,
an account of the sums paid to other townships in re.specl of (iraiumar
School Lands therein I'resentcd to the Li-gisluturc 2nd -May, 1891, .Mr.
McKechnie. [Printed.)
2 12
54 Victoria.
List of Sessional Papers.
A. 1891
No. G3,
Return to an Order of the House of the 29th day of April, 1891, shewing the
total collections from Confederation to the 31st day of Decembei-, 1890,
on Common School Lands, together with the percentage paid to the
municipalities on account of the Land Improvement Fund. Presented
to the Legislature 2nd May, 1891. Mr. Gibson {Huron.) {Printed.)
No. 64..
No. 65
No. 66..
No. 67..
No. 68..
Return to an Order of the House of the 29th day of April, 1891, containing
the report of a Committee appointed by the Senate of the Univer.sity of
Toronto on the 10th day of January, 1891, and by the Board of Trustees
of the same Institution on the 13th day of January, 1891, to report upon
the present and prospective revenue and the most urgent pecuniary
requirements of the University and of University College and as to the
time, mode and order in which these requirements should be dealt with.
Presented to the Legislature 2nd May, 1891. Mr. Balfour. {Printed.).
Return to an Order of the House of the 29 th day of April, 1891, for copies of
the judgments of Chief Justice Gait quashing the local option liquor by-
laws adopted by the municipalities of Oakland, South Norwich and Lon-
don West, under the authority of Section 18, of Gap. 56, ot the Statutes
of Ontario, 1890. Presented to the Legislature 2nd May, 1891. Mr.
Allan. {Printed.)
CONTENTS OF PART VIII.
Report of the Bee-keepers Association for the year 1890. Presented to the
Legislature 2nd May, 1891. {Printed.)
Report of the Bureau of Industries for the year 1890. Presented to the Legis-
lature 2nd May, 1891. {Printed.)
Report of the Inspector of Mines, 1890. Presented to the Legislature 2nd
May, 1891. {Printed.)
13
i
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
LUNATIC AND IDIOT ASYLUMS.
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS & PUBLIC CHARITIES
FOR THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER,
1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE^ASSEMBLY,
TORONTO:
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 AND 70 FRONT STREET WEST.
189 1.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6.) A. 1891
Office of the
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario,
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, November, 1890.
The Honourable
Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G.,
Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please Your Honour : —
I have the honour to submit herewith the Twenty-Third Annual Eeport
upun the Lunatic and Idiot Asylums of Ontario, being for the official year
ending 3('th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be.
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
R. CHRISTIE,
Inspector,
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
TABLE OF CONTENTS,
Page.
Introductory Remarks 1-4
Tables of Astlum Operations and Statistics 6-36
List of Asylum tables 5
Table No. 1, shewing movements'of entire Asylum population 6-7
Table No. 2, shewing the general movements and result of treatment of lunatics in the Asylums
of the Province, during each of the twelve years, from October 1st, 1876, to 30th Septem-
ber, 1890 «. 9
Table No. 3, shewing the counties from which patients were admitted during the year, and
the Asylums they were assigned to 1"
Table No. 4, shewing the counties from which the entire number of patients admitted to
Asylums have been received, as well as the admissions of the present year, and from which
the patients in residence on the 30th September, 1890, originaUy came 11
Table No. 5, shewing the length of time the patients received into the Asylum during the year
had been insane prior to their admission , 12
Table No. 6, shewing the length of residence of patients remaining in the Asylum on the 30th
of September, 1890 13
Table No. 7, shewing the periods that patients wete under treatment who were discharged
cured during the year 14
Table No. 8, shewing the periods that patients were under treatment who were discharged
improved during the year. . 15
Table No. 9, shewing the period that patients were under treatment who were discharged
unimproved during the year 16
Table No. 10, shewing the length of Asylum residence of , the patients who died during the
year 17
Table No. 11, shewing the cause of death of those who died during the year 18
Table No. 12, shewing the trades, callings, and occupations of patients admitted into the
Asylums during the year, and of those admitted during the past and anterior years 19-21
Table No. 13, shewing detailed expenditure of the various Asylums for the year ending 30th
September, 1890 22
Table No. 14, shewing the expenditure in each Asylum under the various headings of the
estimates, and the annual cost per patient under such headings 23
Table No. 15, shewing the supplies for which tf-nders were invited, and the price paid for the
same under contract 24
Table No. 16, shewing the number of officers and employes in each and all of the Asylums,
classified according to the duties performed 25
Table No. 17, shewing the nature of the employment, the number of patients who worked, the
number of days' work done by patients, and the average work, in days, per patient during
the year 26
Table No. 18, shewing in quinquennial periods the ages of those persons admitted during the
year 27
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Page.
Tftble No. 19, shewing in quinquennial periods the ages of those persons discharged as cured
during the year 19
Table No. 20, shewing in quinquennial periods the ages of those persons who died during the
year 20
Summary of Asylum operations 30
Number of insane persons known to the Departemnt, table shewing the 30
Table shewing number of beds and number of vacancies in each Asylum on 30th September,
1890 31
Social state, nationalities, etc., of patients admitted during the year, and of the total admis-
sions 31
Discharges 32
Probational discharge, table of 32
Deaths 32
Assigned cause of insanity 33
Table shewing yearly increase in population in Asylums • 34
Emplojanent of patients 34
Percentage of days \f orked 34
Asylum expenditure 35
Cost per patient, 1889-60 35
Revenue from paying patients 36
Comparative statement of revenue 36
APPENDIX.
Report of Medical Supkkintendent ok Toronto Asylum 39-64
Movements of patients 39
Deaths 39
Discharges 39-40
Amusements 40-41
Changes, repairs and construction 41-43
Munico branch Asylum 43
Statistical tables 44-64
Report of Superintendent of London Asylum 65-66
Summary of movements of patients 65
Repairs, renewals, etc., carried out 65-66
Alterations recommended 66-67
Sewage disposal 67
Fire protection 67
Restraint 68
Alcohol 68
Amusements 68-73
Musical matters 73
Religious services 73-74
Infirmary • 74
La Grippe . . 74
Lectures to students 74
Officers and employees 74-75
Farm and garden 75-76
Statistical tables 77-9<'
REroKT ok the Meijioal Supebintendknt cf Kingston Abvlcm 97-144
Summary of Asylum operations 97
AdiaisHions 97
DiHcharges 97
Deaths 98
vi
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Page.
Fire protection 98
Physical culture 98
Training School for nurses 98-99
Amusements 99
Improvements 99
Farm 99
Death of Inspector O'Reilly 99-100
Officers and employees 100
Statistical tables 101-144
Report of the Medical Supkrintendent of the Hamilton Asylum 121-148
Admissions and discharges 122
Bealth of the household 122
Infirmary 122
Hall dining rooms 122
Internal improvements 123
Fire and water supply 123
Garden : 123
Ornamental grounds 124
Wages 124
Expenditure , 124
Amusements 4
Library 125
Religious services 125
Medical staff 125
Conclusion 125
Statistical tables . 126-148
Report of the Hedioal Superintendent op the Obillla Asylum 149-162
Summary of Asylum of>erations 149
Statistical tables 154-162
Applications for admission 149
Health 149
Sanitation 150
Land on Lake front 150
The old buildings 150
Cottages for employees , 151
Gardener 151
Baker 151
Fencing 151
Improvements 151
Work 152
The school 152
The new buildings 152
Report of the Superintendent op the Homewood Retreat, Guelph 163-166
Statistical tables 166
Vll
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6. A. 1891
TWENTY-THmD ANNUAL EEPORT
UPON THE
ASYLUMS FOR INSANE AND IDIOTIC.
In presenting the 23rd Annual Report upon the Asylums for the Insane and Idio-
tic in Ontario, it is incumbent upon me at the outset to refer to the death of Dr. W. T.
O'Reilly, which occurred on the 12th of July last ; and in consequence of which I re-
ceived instructions to take the supervision of the asylums at London, Hamilton, Kingston
and Orillia, which had been under his inspection.
For some time previous to his death his physical infirmities had been manifest, yet
during this period he continued in the discharge of his duties, and at the time his fatai
illness seized him he was visiting the Kingston Asylum in his official capacity.
It was his principal aim to secure to the patients in the institutions under his care
the utmost consideration and relief that it was possible to afford them. I remember, too,
with satisfaction the many instances of cordial feeling and co-operation that existed
between us in carrying on the work of the Department, and the zeal and earnestness
which characterized him in the prosecution of his duties.
I have pleasure in drawing attention to the separate Reports of the Superinten-
dents of the several Institutions which very fully narrate the history and work of each
during the year under report, and invite attention to many matters of practical value in
connection with the requirements and work of the asylums.
In summarising the operations of these institutions during the past and previous
years many important questions are suggested in regard to the care and treatment of
the insane, and also to the necessities which will have to be provided for in the future,
one of the first of which is that of providing the accommodation which will be required for
the constantly increasing number of this afflicted class.
Notwithstanding tlie extensive provision already made and in process of construction
by building cottages at Mimico, it does not appear that after they are fully completed the
room will be sufficient for any length of time to come, for since the occupation in January
last of the two first built cottages two others have been finished, and have been taken
po.«session of with a full complement of patients in each, and the completion of the fifth
is now being hurried forward so as to make room principally for female patients who are
overcrowding the older Institutions.
By reference to table No. 2 of this report it may be noted that the average daily
number of patients in residence in 1877 was 1,819, and that for the present year ending
30th September last the number was 3,266, showing an average increase during the past
fourteen years of 103 patients {)er annum.
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 6). A, 1891
The three remaining cottages now being constructed to contain sixty patients each
will, therefore, at the same rate of increase of resident patients, only be sufficient for
accommodation say up to the end of 1891. If however greater restrictions were enforced
in regard to the selection of patients for admission to the asylums, and those only were
awarded admission who could be benefited by curative treatment, the necessity for largely
increased accommodation would be lessened. But the chronic insane and those in a state
of dementia would still have to be provided for, and the only alternative in the case
appears to be that of making it obligatory upon the several counties to care for and sup-
port these classes, many of whom are without friends able to help to maintain them.
As to the admission of these classes a limitation is contemplated under R.
S. O. (1887), Cap. 184, Sec. 520, as follows: — "The County Council of each County
shall, from time to time, make provision for the whole or partial support either in the
county gaol or some other place within the county, of such insane destitute persons as
cannot properly be admitted to the Provincial Asylums, and shall determine the sum to
be paid for such support, and also the parties to whom such sums shall be paid by the
County Treasurer ; " but as a rule, the county authorities do not assume the reponsibility,
and two principal reasons for non-com i)liance with this enactment are no doubt first, to
save the expenditure which would rest on the several counties, and second, the prevail-
in" objection to the incarceration of the classes referred to in the common gaols of the
country, and in places where proper accommodation does not exist this latter is no doubt
a most reasonable and valid objection. But while the first proves to be in many cases
the motive for committing imbeciles to gaols, the latter is used as a lever to effect their
removal to the asylums without regard to what class they belong to, and the result is the
overcrowding of the institution? with a population which cannot be benefited by any
treatment for their mental restoration. To such an extent does the demand for their
removal prevail that no sooner are the commitments effected than it is often announced
that a lar^'e number of lunatics are confined in the gaols, even in many cases before they
are duly certified to as being insane. No doubt undue prominence is given to this matter
by "rand jurors and others, and in some instances by the press of the country on
account of the want of familiarity with the subject, and ignorance of the statutory regu-
lations which govern the matter. But the question to be determined remains, — whether
the Asylums shall be used solely as institutions for the curative treatment of tiie insane
" dangerous to be at large," or whether they shall be maintained as institutions for all
classes of the helpless, infirm and demented who require guardiansliip and care only.
Many objections may be and are taken to the temporary commitment of the insane
to the common gaols of the counties under authority of Lieutenant-Governor's warrant,
and it is urged that this method should cease, and that the medical certificate, or '• Ordi-
nary Process " system only should be resorted to in placing patients under cliargcj in the
Asylums.
This last course is no doubt, under certain circumstances, the speediest way of placing
the patient under the care of the institution authorities, as it involves only the obtain-
ing of the certificates of two medical practitioners as to insanity, and if there is a vacancy
the medical superintendent of the asylum has the authority to admit the patient at once.
2
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
During the past five years the admissions under each system have been as follows
From October 1st, 1885 to October 1st, 1886.
" 1886 " " " 1887.
" «' 1887 " " " 1888.
" 1888" " " 1889.
" " 1889 " " " 1890.
Warrant.
350
183
314
216
295
Certificate
Total.
1358
344
253
357
343
402
1699
3057
Notwithstanding the popular objection already referred to, the fact that nearly 50
per cent, of the entire commitments for the past five years were by warrant, is evidence
that some prevailing reasons must exist for voluntarily employing this method,
and, apart from the desire for saving expenditure to the county, with the prospect that
the patients will be removed to an asylum, there are others which form a barrier to the
sole adoption of the certificate system, and may be enumerated as follows : —
1st. — In the remote, and many of the rural districts as well, there is the difiiculty
of communicating with the asylum authorities, to learn whether or not there is accommo-
dation for the patient, and the necessary delay when the case is urgent, in getting the
required information, together with the certificate of two medical practitoners, in many
cases accounts for the commitment of the insane under warrant.
2. — There is the immediate relief afforded by application to the local magistrate
under R. S. 0. Cap. 245, Sec. 17, who by the commitment of the person judged to be
insane to the county gaol relieves the anxiety and distress of friends by placing the
person so charged in safe keeping, to be afterwards examined by a surgeon and another
medical practitioner and the county judge as to the correctness of the commitment, when
if so certified to, the patient awaits removal to an asylum.
3. — Cases are of frequent occurrence when symptoms of insanity are manifest, but
not sufticiently developed lo permit of the inexperienced in such matters to determine as
to the mental condition of the porson, and in such eases the magistrate wisely decides to
commit with the view of having the patient's case submitted to the more experienced
judgment of the physicians entrusted with the duty.
4. — The want of accommodation has necessarily compelled the asylum authorities
frequently to say to applicants under certificate that " there is no vacancy," and the
uncertainty in regard to admissions from this cause leads to the adoption of the most
speedy means available to get the patient into custody.
Other causes could be cited to show why commitments under the warrant system
have been made in the past, and others could be advanced to show the desirability for
its continuance, such as the increased security afibrded the asylum authorities against
3
54 Victoria Sessional Papers No. 6). A. 1891
imposition b}' having persons wrongfully or fraudulently committed to their care, alsoj
the better opportunity there is for obtaining the history of the case in the locality of thel
patient's residence, a knowledge of which is of so much importance in the subsequent!
^reatment of the pat ont while in the asylum ; and again there is the saving of expense!
by accom] lishing the temporary safe-keeping of the patient at a local point instead of i
incurring the greater expenditure involved iu making a longer journey. There is also
the advantage of having the gaoler and matron in attendance, who, in a measure at least,
understand and become familiar with the care of the insane temporarily placed under
their charge.
But these advantages cannot justify the continuance of the system if the accommoda-
tion in the great majority of the gaols is not improved and made suitable for the care of
the insane even for the shortest limit of time. Throe or four of them onlj'^ have s^'parate
rooms in which patients can be placed, and it is not in keeping with the civilization of the
present day nor is it in accordance with the resources and ability of the poorest c lunty in
the province to allow the poor unfortunates, bereft of their reason, to be thrust into cells
where there is the remotest possibility of coming into contact with ihe depraved, who may
make light of their condition and prove to be an aggravation to them in their sufferings.
At least two apartments or rooms should be added to each gaol for the special usti of the
insane, and if it were made imperative that each county should provide them, properly
heated, lighted, furnished and ventilated, there would be no sufficient r<*dSon for
continuing the present outcry against the system of commitment under warrant to the
gaols; but until such provision is made it is to be hoped that the agitation will contiuu-i
till this necessary improvement is accomplished.
Many other subjects of much importance might be adverted to, such as the si.uplifyinj
of the method at present employed in admissions under the warrant system, the .-situation
also of the institutions, with the view of securing the greatest economy and utility in tlieir
management, and the structural character of the buildings in order to attain the best
grading or classification of the patients. But a matter of primary importance appears to
be that of establishing a system of dealing with the insane when taking the initiatory
steps for their care and safe keeping, and which, from its mode of working, will merit
general approval by placing it on such a basis as will prove economical in its working and
permanent in its operations.
Following this will be found the reports, tables, and an inde.x will also be found
appended.
34 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6) A. 1891
ASYLUMS FOR THE INSANE AND IDIOTIC.
For greater convenience of reference, the tables containing statistics on all
points concerning the operations of the Asylums, are placed at the beginning of
this report. The following is a list of these tables : —
Table No. 1. — Shews the movement of the entire Asylum population for the year
ending 30th September, 1890.
Table No."2. — Shews the general movements and result of treatment of lunatics
in the Asylums of the Province during each of the fourteen years from the 1st
October, 1876, to the 30th September, 1890.
Table No. 3. — Shews the Counties from wdiich patients were received during the
year, and the Asylums to w^hich they were assigned.
Table No. 4. — Shews the Counties from which the entire number of patients
admitted to the Asylums have been received, also the Counties from which
the patients in residence on the 30th September, 1890, were originally
admitted.
Table No. 5. — Shew^s the length of time the patients received into the Asylums
during the year had been insane prior to their admission.
Table No. 6. — Shews the length of residence of all patients remaining in the
Asylums on the 30th September, 1890.
Table No. 7. — Shews the periods that patients wdio were discharged cured during
the year were under treatment.
Table No. 8. — Shews the periods that patients were under treatment, who were
discharged improved during the year.
Table No. 9. — Shews the periods during which patients were under treatment,
who were discharged unimproved during the year.
Table No. 10. — Shews "the length of Asylum residence of patients who died during
the year.
Table No. 11. — Shews the causes of death of those patients who died in the
Asylums during the year.
Table No. 12. — Shews, the trades, callings and occupations of those patients who
were admitted during the year, as well as of the total number admitted.
Table No. 13. — Shews the detailed expenditure of the various Asylums during the
year ending 30th September, 1890.
Table No. 14. — Shews the expendituie in each Asylum under the various headings
of the estimates, and the annual cost, per patient, under each heading.
Table No. 15. — Shews the supplies for which tenders were invited, and the prices
paid for the same under contract.
Table No. 16. — Shews the number of officers and employes in each of the
Asylums, classified according to the duties performed.
Table No. 17. — Shews the nature of the employment, the number of patients
employed, the number of days' work done by patients, and the average work
in days, per patient, during the year.
Table No. 18. — Shews in quinquennial periods the ages of those persons admitted
during the year.
Table No. 19. — Shews in quinquennial periods the ages of those persons discharged
cured during the year.
Table No. 20. — Shews in quinquennial periods the ages of those who died during
the year.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers(No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the movements of the entire Asylum
Toronto Asylum.
London Asylum.
S
3
o
0)
no
"3
1
Number of patients in Asylum on 1st October, 1889
363
109
472
345
144
708
253
452
71
456
74
908
Admitted during year ending 30th September, 1890
145
Total number under treatment during year
489
961
523
530
1053
Admitted by transfer from one Asylum to another
Total number on Asylum registers and actually under treatment
in each Asylum during year
472
489
961
523
530
1053
Discharged cured
24
6
6
2
35
12
6
59
18
12
2
14
3
3
11
8
1
25
" improved ....
11
" unimproved
4
" as not insane
Total number discharged during year
38
5
29
1
53
44
1
91
5
73
2
171
20
3
24
7
20
21
12
40
Escaped
Died
3
25
Transferred from one Asylum to another
19
Total number discharged, escaped, died and transferred during
year
73
98
54
53
107
Number of patients remaining in Asylums on 30th September,
1890
399
391
790
469
477
946
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
No. 1.
population during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Kingston Asylum.
Hamilton Asylum.
Total Number of
Lunatics.
Orillia Asylum.
Total Number of
Lunatics and
Idiots.
75
a
1
o
to
a
3
o
to
a
1
CO
a>
158
11
'3
a
"3
A
309
28
1748
321
s
"3
0
325
52
357
58
682
110
450
78
433
83
883
161
1590
310
1591
359
3181
669
151
17
1742
376
3490
697
377
415
792
528
516
1044
1900
1950
3850
169
168
337
2069
2118
4187
1
377
415
792
528
516
1044
1900
1950
3850
169
168
337
2069
2118
4187
20
16
8
2
36
11
3
26
7
3
26
9
7
52
16
10
84
19
13
2
88
37
16
172
56
29
2
84
19
15
2
88
37
17
172
3
56
1
2
1
3
32
2
24
6
26
28
12
50
6
43
19
36
10
23
42
25
78
10
48
118
24
91
15
141
118
25
259
24
209
40
2
1
3
22
120
24
101
15
142
130
25
262
24
15
7
10
12
231
40
52
66
118
69
67
136
248
284
532
i
12
13
25
312
260
297
557
325
1
349 1 674
459
449
908
1652
1666
3318
157
155
1809
1821
3630
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the General movements and result of treatment of Lunatics in
1st October, 1876, to the
Year Ending
SOth September.
1877
1S7S
1879
1880
1881
Average of five
years
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
Average of five
years
1887
1888
1889
1890
Average daily number of
patients resident.
916
954
1010
1086
1164
1036
1219
1280
1303
1348
1409
903
971
1044
1129
1190
1047.4
1238
1300
1331
1360
1421
1311.8
1330
1461
1
1454 1
1491
1494
1582
1585
1633
1633
1819
1925
2054
2215
2354
2073,4
2457
2580
2634
2708
2830
2041.8
2915
2985
3167
3266
Number of lunatics
admitted each year.
243
252
231
257
270
250.6
251
253
262
259
287
194
227
230
250
232
226.6
242
266
231
198
232
262.4 233.8
219
309
269
310
206
257
245
356
437
479
461
507
502
477.2
493
519
493
457
519
Number of patients
recovered in each
year.
496.2 81.8
425
566
514
669
82
92
71
53
84
76.4
73
94
79
88
75
88
76
85
84
70
65
64
61
82
68.4
86
80
99
101
69
87
89
60
97
88
Number of
patients discharged
improved and unim-
proved each year.
152
157
135
114
166
144.8
159
174
178
189
144
168.8
177
136
182
172
26
28
42
32
33
20
36
37
41
33
33.4
31
42
42
32
29
31
27
54
38
358
46
54
37
39
26
40.4
31
43
47
55
59
69
86
71
68
66
90
74
SO
59
73.8
62
85
89
85
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No . 6).
A. 1891
No. 2.
the Asylums of the Province during each of the fourteen years from the
30 September, 1890.
Number
died
of patients who
in eacli year.
Percentage of recoveries
upon admission.
Percentage of de.aths upon
number resident.
Number of lunatics re-
maining in Asylums at
the end of each year.
S
i
o
S
3
o
.2
'3
S
3
o
Is
■a
s
Is
o
67
48
115
33.74
36.08
34.78
7.31
5.31
6.32
926
933
1859
64
50
114
36.82
28.63
32.77
6.70
5.14
5.92
989
1014
2003
62
49
111
30.73
27.82
29.28
6.13
4.69
5.40
1039
1104
2] 43
69
73
142
20.62
24.40
22.48
6.35
6.46
6.41
1133
1165
2298
86
58
144
31.11
35.34
33.06
7.38
4.87
6.11
1199
1217
2416
69.6
55.6
H5.3
30.60
30.45
30.47
6.77
5.39
6.03
1057.2
1086.6
2143.8
99
67
166
29.08
35.38
32.25
8.12
5.41
6.75
1249
1259
2508
92
71
163
37.15
30.07
33.52
7.18
5.46
6.31
1274
1320
2594
90
64
154
30.15
42.85
36.10
6.90
4.80
5.85
1320
1351
2671
86
60
146
33.97
51.01
41.35
6.38
4.41
5.39
1356
1349
2705
86
55
141
26.13
29.74
27.66
6.10
3.87
4.98
1449
1450
2899
00.6
63.4
154
31.29
3:.8i
34.17
6.93
4 79
5.85
1329.C
1345.8
3675.4
77
66
143
40.18
43.20
41.64
5.27
4.53
4.79
1459
1468
2927
90
66
156
24.59
23.34
24.02
6.04
4.42
5.22
1554
1556
3110
93
65
158
31.60
39.59
35.41
5.87
4.10
4.99
1590
1591
3181
91
118
209
27.60
24.61
25.56
5.57
7.22
6.46
1652
1666
3318
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 3.
Shewing the Counties and plat.es from which patients were admitted to the Asylums
and the Asylums they were assigned to.
COUNTY OR PLACE.
Number received from gaols
under warrant of Lieutenant-
Governor.
> OJ
So
Total number received from re-
spective Counties during the
year.
s
">>
X
<
o
a
o
u
H
o
1
<
<
a
0
-a
fl
0
rA
0
T3
c
<
S
ao
<,■
C
1
a
_o
c
<
s
X
<
B
_o
1
cS
a
0
■a
<s
a
"to
<
a
<
.5
'C
0
0
-2
.1
<
Algoma
■2
2
11
13
3
1
6
8
5
1
1
14
7
6
2
9
4
20
5
9
5
1
3
12
10
10
9
11
6
4
25
6
10
1
10
9
8
1
4
11
3
... ^..
3
16
18
19
5
10
10
28
10
10
5
3
15
17
19
19
13
18
13
12
41
8
10
1
19
20
19
1
1?
7
4
5
"ii"
1
11
1
""'4 "
2
Brant
3
1
2
"2"
6
1
17
""s"
10
1
Carleton
1
Dufferin
Elgin
Essex
Frontenac
25
"2"
9
5
1
Grey .
2
Haldimand
1
Haliburtou
Halton
2
12
5
9
9
4
7
7
8
16
2
3
14
3
2
2
2
1
Hastings
"12"
16
17
1
"'ii'
16
11
Huron
2
Kent
1
Lanibton
Lanark
Leeds and Grenville
"i2 '
1
Lennox and Addington
2
Lincoln
Middlesex
2
3
1
1
16
18
4
1
7
2
7
"1'
39
Musk<;ka
5
9
Norfolk
Nipissing
Northumberland and Durham
9
11
11
"i5"
1
1
1
1
Ontario
Oxford
1
Parry Sound
Peel
5
2
4
4
2
Perth
10
1
Peterborough
Prescott and Russell
4
4
Prince ?2dward
Rainy Rivei
Renfrew
5
18
G
12
8
ii
30
13
"i'"
4
11
"9'
Simcoe
24
5
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Victoria
6
0
2
f)
4
59
G
3
4
5
14
3K
70
I
9
10
7
19
42
129
7
8
1
1
9
7
16
39
2
Welland
2
3
122
4
1
Wentworth
York
5
Not classed
3
Total
295
402
697
253
145
110
161
28
10
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 4.
Shewing the Counties and Districts from which the entire number of patients admitted
to the Asylums have been received, including the admissions of the present year ;
also the Counties and Districts from which the patients remaining in residence the
30th September, 1890, were originally admitted.
eS
m
Xi
a
_o
a
00
a
"a
3
o
H
Patients in
Residence on 30th
TEMBER, 1890.
Sep-
COUNTIES AND PLACES.
a
<
o
d
2
a
SI
<
a
0
a
0
S
13
<!
a
0
a
3
d
0
'1
a
0
1
Algoma .
3
16
18
19
5
10
10
28
10
10
5
3
15
17
19
19
13
18
13
12
41
8
1
10
19
20
19
1
9
13
7
4
5
34
291
251
449
20
269
195
590
296
192
6
241
284
433
281
364
295
320
205
335
874
35
3
194
653
409
368
6
272
326
191
102
126
107
1 586
366
8
177
246
206
506
899
2,700
399
1
4
5
1
16
2
4
2
7
34
1
3
14
76
4
94
5
47
10
1
7
4
■ ii'i
36
39
2
3
4
10
"■5"
9
5
17
6
14
69
Bruce .
Carleton . .
93
125
9
Elgin
60
55
5
10
5
20
1
88
1
93
Essex
67
Frontenac
116
Grey
98
51
Haliburton
Halton
6
20
13
4
2
6
10
"io"'
7
4
2
o
5=S9
48
12
1
27
9
24
1
4
"2"
16
10
2
10
77
62
101
4
4
2
"ss"
"i"
63
69
41
32
4
2
1
2
"59"
3
4
'"46"
16
21
6
4
10
4
7
6
10
20
7
10
5
4
13
1
10
4
"*f5
10
12
7
6
5
3
46
78
Huron
117
Kent
77
116
Lanark
79
89
56
70
Middlesex
212
1
J;
1
1
\"2 '
\\o"
2
233
13
Nipissing ....
2
Norfolk
57
93
97
Oxford
96
5
Peel
5
62
3
1
"i"
■"■5"
5
1
2
9
27
19
■■38"
4
79
49
Perth
82
Peterborough
46
Prescott and Russell
29
Prince Edward
1
1
1
126
2
2
12
33
42
80
122
104
3
17
6
4
4
6
12
51
27
Rainy River
2
11
30
13
46
Sinicoe
168
Stormont, Dr ndas and Glengarry
102
Thunder Bay
2
Victoria
9
10
7
19
42
129
7
20
2
7
18
17
341
11
5
14
1
2
4
27
14
6
■"i"
2
22
30
47
Waterloo
53
Welland
54
Wellington
107
Wentworth
157
York
545
Not classed
55
Total
697
15,112
790
946
674
908
312
3,630
11
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing the length of time Lunatics received into the Asylums during the year had been
insane prior to admission.
DURATION OF INSANITY PRIOR TO
ADMISSION.
Toronto
Asylum.
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
Hamilton
Asylum,
Total.
lender 1 month
47
24
26
lb
11
9
11
20
16
10
10
4
24
12
12
8
4
2
5
3
1
1
1
1
6
3
7
2
3
1
3
2
1
2
3
3
40
25
14
8
7
6
7
1
131
From 1 to 2 m
2 „ 3
Dnths
77
62
3 „ 4
4 „ 5
. 5 „ 6
, 6 „ 7
, 7 n 8
, 8 „ 9
, 9 „ 10
, . 10 „ 11
, 11 „ 12
, 12 „ 18
1 18 months t
2 to 3 ye
. 3 M 4
44
26
17
7
4
2
4
3
7
5
14
3
4
4
2
6
2
1
5
5
7
30
8
6
2
1
2
17
5
10
5
3
3
6
4
3
4
9
7
15
5
9
2
1
9
1,
6
3
14
2
8
7
4
44
0 2 years
15
ars
39
17
, 4 „ 5
. 5 „ 6
, 6 „ 7
., 7.-8
„ 8 .. 9
„ 9 „ 10
„ 10 ,, 15
, 15 .- 20
14
\-
8
1
3
12
1
15
6
1
4
2
1
3
8
21
17
1 20 years an
d upwards
23
U
8
Totals
253
145
110
161
669
12
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 6.
Shewing the length of residence of patients remaining in the Asylums on the 30th
September, 1890.
LENGTH 01
^ RESIDENCE. ^ojC
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
Hamilton
Asylum.
Orillia
Asylum.
Total.
Under 1 month
From 1 to 2 mo
,r 2 „ 3
7
nths 6
14
16
13
15
12
10
(
12
10
21
5
3
2
30
18
57
34
45
36
39
39
51
41
199
231
10
6
7
4
5 1
10
11
10
8
4
4
4
27
26
41
44
129
21
48
24
27
17
80
39
68
13
11
11
9
13
9
12
10
10
8
9
4
55
58
97
37
56
54
35
44
41
51
126
57
78
4
2
7
1
4
1
50
38
54
I, 3 M 4
5
31
M 4 „ 5
16 !
48
,. 5 „
22 '
49
.. 6 „ 7
1«
51
t, 7 1, 8
11
2
3
2
18
14
72
9
23
6
9
8
45
6
76
43
„ 8 „ 9
84
126
„ 9 „ 10
,. 10 „ 11
13
6
32
22
„ 11 n 12
14
42
„ 12 „ 18
42
168
11 18 months t
„ 2 to 3 ye
1, 3 „ 4
0 2 years 23
„ 46
197
235
184
^, 4 „ 5
,, i 17
253
„ 5 „ 6
„ 38
158
,. 6 „ 7
„ 34
164
1. 7 .1 8
„ 25
177
n 8 „ 9
„ 15
140
„ 9 „ 10
„ 22
207
„ 10 „ 15
„ 15 M 20
„ 143
53
548
380
1. 20 years an(
Unknown
1 upwards 87
233
1
Totals
790
946
674
908
312
3630
13
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing the periods that patients were under treatment who were discharged daring
the year as cured.
PERIOD UNDER TREATMENT.
Under 1 month
From 1 to 2 months .
M 2 M 3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11 M 12
12 M 18
II 18 months to 2 years
II 2 to 3 years
3 M 4
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
, 9
, 10
I 20
20 years and upwards .
Totals.
TDronto
Asylum.
5
7
8
10
4
2
4
6
2
2
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
59
25
30
Hamilton
Asylum.
52
14
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing the periods that patients were under treatment who were discharged during
the year as improved.
PERIODS UNDER TREATMENT.
1
Toronto
Asylum.
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
Hamilton
A sylum.
Totals.
Under 1 n
From 1 1
2
lonth
1
1
0 2 months
7
1
1
9
, 3 „ ,
1. 3
, 4 „
1
1
2
.. 4
, 5 „
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
6
, 7 It
3
6
7
, 8 „
1
8
, 9
3
1
2
1
2
5
4
It 9
,10 „
1
1
4
„ 10
,11 „
1
1
1
3
M 11
,12 „
1
1
4
M 12
,18 „
2
1
1
9
M 18 n
2 t
3
lonths to 2 years
1
0 3 years
3
4
t 4 „
n 4
1 5
1
1
5
, 6 „
6
, 7
7
, 8 „
1
1
.r 8
, 9 „
9
,10 „
., 10
,15 „
1. 15
,20 „
1
2
1
., 20 y
Tota
ears and upwards
2
Is
18
11
11
IG
5tj
15
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the periods that patients were under treatment who were discharged during
the year unimproved.
PERIODS UNDER TREATMENT.
Toronto
Asylum.
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
Hamilton
Asylum.
Totals.
Under one month
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
I
1
6
4
2 " 3 "
1
3
" 3 " 4 "
4 " 5 "
1
3
1
.. 5 " 6 "
2
11 6 " 7 "
1
'• 7 " 8 "
" 8 " 9 "
2
2
9 " 10 "
«i 10 "11 " .. . ■
.. 11 " 12 "
41 12 'i 18 "
1
2
1
1
3
.1 3 " 4 "
II 4 11 5 '1
5 II 6 "
" (i " 7 " ....
7 .1 8 "
II K " <) •! .
II y II 10 "
1
1
" 10 "15 "
1
1
" 15 "20 "
1
1
TotaU
12
t
3
10
29
16
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
Shewing the length of residence of patients who died during the year.
LENGTH or RESIDENCE.
Toronto
Asylum.
London
Asylum.
Kingston
Asylum.
Han: il ton
Asylum.
Orillia
Asylum.
Totals.
8
7
4
5
3
1
1
1
5
3
3
1
17
From 1 to 2 mc
ir 2 .> 3
nths
1
12
4
„ 3 „ 4
3
1
1
1
1
9
.. 4 ., 5
4
„ 5 „ 6
n 6 M 7
1
1
2
1
6
2
11 7 i> 8
2
1
1
2
1
3
8 M 9
1
3
9 „ 10
2
I
3
„ 10 „ 11
2
1
4
,. 11 M 12
2
3
,. 12 ,. 18
•1 18 months to
11 2 to 3 yea
,- 3 „ 4
,. 4 „ 5
5 „ G
2 years
6
3
1
4
6
2
2
2
3
1
1
10
1
1
1
11
8
1
4
2
7
3
1
33
irs
17
6
20
3
6 „ 7
2
3
1
1
2
2
1
7
13
4
7 M 8
3
I
1
4
10
8 M 9
4
9 „ 10
1
8
3
2
6
„ 10 „ 15
8
6
5
27
M 15 „ 20
22
11 20 years and i
inwards
7
Totals
73
45
43
48
22
231
2 (A.)
17
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. <3.)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 11.
Shewing the causes of death of those who died during the year.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
Abcess . .
Aneurism
w
Apoplexy
' ' Cerebral . .
Ansemia
Bilious fever
Bright's disease ....
Broncho pneumonia
Bl'iod poisoning —
Cancer of ovary
" oraentimn
" breast....
Chronic cystitis
Cerebral effusion
Cerebritis ...
Chronic diarrhcea . .
Conge^^tion of brain
Con.suniption
Cerebral paralysis . .
Cardiac disease
Diarrhcea
Diseaae of liver
Dysentery
Dementia
Enteritis
Epilepsy ■_■
Exhaustion of mania.
Euophthalmic goitre
Erysipelas
Fever, tyiihoid ... .
Gastric ulcer
Gangrene
Gastritis
General parisis
General debility
Hemiplegia
Heart clot . .
Heart disease
Hypatic disease
Killed
Lii pripi>e
Marasmus
Meningitif
Paresis
}Vritonitis
T'hthisis.
l'ne\imonia • ■
Pupura-heraorofiuita
Paralysis
Syphylis
Suicide
Senile decay
Total
1
1
1
1
15
2
1
H
73
11
()
46
2
11
2
(>
4H
22
18
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.
Shewing trades, callings and occupations of" patients admitted into the Asylums
during the year, and also of the total number admitted.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND OCCUPATIONS.
Admissions of
this year.
Actors
Artists . . .
Agents
Architects
Actuaries .
Basketmakers . .
Bankers
Book-keepers . .
Bakers
Bricklayers . . . .
Butchers
Blacksmiths . . .
Brassfiinishers .
Brewers
Builders
Barbers
Broom-makers .
Barristers
Bookbinders . . .
Brickmakers . . .
Bridgetenders .
Brushmakers . .
Buttoumakers .
Baggage master .
Brakemen . . . .
Commercial travellers . .
Cabinetmakers
Consuls
Confectioners
Coopers
Carpenters
Clerks
Clergymen .
Carriagemakers
Cooks
Carders
Captains of steamboats
Cigarmakers
Customhouse officers . .
Coppersmiths
Cheesemakers
Civil servants
Clock-cleaners
Carters
Contractor
Clothdressers
Chiselmakers
Coachmen . . . .
Dyers
Domestic servants, all kinds .
Dressmakers
Detectives
Druggists
Engineers .
Editors . . .
Farmers . .
Eishermen
1
1
13
9
73
7
112
Total
Admissions.
1
3
27
2
1
1
1
33
32
18
36
107
3
14
4
11
5
3
3
4
1
1
2
1
1
19
21
1
7
35
301
247
47
10
14
5
6
10
6
1
2
8
1
5
1
14
1
1
3
1853
67
1
24
37
2
2457
10
19
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No U.— Continued.
Shewing trades, callings and occupations of patients admitted into the Asylums
during the year, etc.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND OCCUPATIONS.
Admissions of
this year.
Total
Admissions.
Founders
Ferrymen
Furriers .
Gardeners . .
Grocers
Glassblowers
Gentlemen . .
Glovemakeis
Gunsmiths . .
Governess . .
Hucksters
Hatters
Hostlers
Hunters
Harnessmakers
Housekeepers .
Hackdrivers . . .
Innkeepers . .
Ironmongers
Jewellers .
Janitors . .
.Journalist
Lock-keeper
Lab< lurers . .
Laundresees
Ladies
Lawyers . . . .
Lumbermen
Lathers . . .
Loomfixer
Milliners
Masons
Machinists . . .
Matchmakers
Millers
Moulders
Merchants ....
Mechanics . . . .
Music teachers
Marblecutters
Milkmen ....
Millwrights . .
No occup.'ition .
Nif^htwatchman
Nurses ...
Orfcan-builders
I'iano casemaker . .
ProfesHfjrs of music
I'LaKtererH
I'eDsioners
1
139
69
3
3
2
1
23
17
3
32
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
2(;
2."i6.5
4
1
15
3
1
1
1937
9
9»)
20
7
1
1
42
60
55
2
43
37
163
47
10
3
1
2
628
3
9
I
10
4
5
20
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.— Concluded.
Shewing trades, callings and occupations of patients admitted into the Asylums
during the year, etc.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND OCCUPATIONS.
Admissions of
this year.
Photographers . . .
ProstitutcE;
Painters
Printers
Peddlers
Physicians
Pumpmakers
Plumbers
Patternmakers . . .
Policemen
Private secretary.
Railway employes . . ,
Spinsters
Sailors
Students
Spinners!
Sisters of Charity
Sodawater manufacturers
Stonecutters
Showmen
Saddlers
Shoemakers
Seamstresses
Slaters ,
Soldiers
Salesmen
Surveyors
Sail and tent makers
Shopkeepers
Shipbuilders
Stenographers
Station Masters
Teachers
Tinsmiths
Tavernkeepers .
Tailors
Tanners
Teamsters
Tollgate keepers
Upholsterers
Veterinary surgeon
Vinegar maker ....
Watchmakers ,
Woodworkers
Weavers
Wheelwrights ,
Waggonmakers .
Waiters
Wives
Unknown or other employments, and idiots.
1
*6i"
52
Total
Admissions
11
8
85
48
31
37
3
3
1
1
1
21
151
59
81
19
2
1
11
2
7
162
164
1
20
6
5
2
7
5
3
1
215
35
18
127
7
9
2
1
1
7
5
32
2
12
5
61
2286
21
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 13.
Shewing in detail the expenditure of the various Asylums during the year ending on
30th September, 1890.
Details.
Toronto
Asylum.
Medicines
Medical comforts and appliances
Butchers' meat
Poultry, fish, etc
Flour, bread, etc. ...
Butter
Barley, rice, peas and meal
Tea . '
Coffee
Cheese
Eggs
Fruit (dried)
Tobacco and pipes
Salt, pepper, mnstard, vinegar, pickles.
Sugar and syrup
Unenumerated groceries
Fruit and vegetables
Bedding ,.
Straw for bedding ...
Clothing
Shoes ,
Coal
Wood
Gas
Oil and candles
Matches
Brushes, brooms and mops
Bath brick, black lead, blacking
Soap and other laundry expenses
Water
Ice
742 25
104 20
15094 42
1382 45
7493 30
4774 92
1097 53
2467 17
315 GO
475 56
588 15
917 99
353 50
3953 50
ll'?8 10
2375 36
1039 28
21 04
5866 47
1034 32
219 75
Advertising and printing
Postage, telegraph and express charges.
Stationery and library
Furniture, renewals and repairs ......
Iron and tinware
Crockery and glassware
Feed and fodder
Farm stock and implements, and repairs
thereto
Repairs (ordinary) to buildings
Hardware, etc
Paintsi and oil
Officers' travelling expenses
Elopers, cost of recovering
Freight and duties
AmuHements
Religious services
Rent
IncidentalM
TranHfer and removal of patients
•SaJarieH and wages
2653 79
89 58
12 00
298 78
14 50
804 39
5507 25
224 80
66 70
199 24
233 87
496 70
704 07
374 50
2042 19
906 32
2877 27
588 61
514 13
31 .50
19 28
8 64
224 52
122 50
TotalB 106093 56 115536 30
317 87
35316 30
London
Asylum.
1065 04
13212 35
1221 70
7732 60
6658 03
763 18
1581 94
790 33
701 65
456 93
843 47
821 64
413 79 I
4078 97
180 65
1210 33
3222 94
678 28
7707 14
1401 98
5581 77
2727 70
99 65
72 00
596 99
19 08
735 02
145 .55
298 13
401 82
713 41
1735 01
531 03
1063 50
2338 17
1541 33
2186 02
1029 03
1273 75
166 44
34 50
235 53
469 08
221 00
693 50
227 00
35656 15
Kingston
Asylum.
732 38
35 00
11830 91
6.S5 41
5781 52
3530 18
965 71
1842 58
1322 85
326 31
326 89
451 45
693 78
373 60
2982 69
6 45
2660 41
1402 96
2 50
4128 18
380 95
13832 73
6 00
767 01
64 04
29 75
265 95
20 55
1039 56
519 39
320 89
327 56
365 69
1384 49
229 01
.584 83
2291 03
.547 22
1635 86
666 88
703 37
119 11
36 13
41 46
365 99
25 00
598 27
4 45
25182 69
923fc7 62
Hamilton
Asylum.
!5 c.
362 82
2 40
13402 72
1965 01
6107 20
5393 13
1853 73
1682 87
1027 07
913 03
309 80
1878 86
1052 89
432 36
3562 63
1944 49
4380 47
261 96
4744 59
1134 38
4673 95
387 38
2547 14
140 37
87 63
422 50
20 40
891 18
1481 38
414 56
334 05
261 91
347 75
788 39
895 04
634 53
2091 94
1149 39
1673 49
836 93
2442 81
68 45
32 15
156 65
374 75
27 00
1008 08
281 05
5 50
29992 38
106881 14
22
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 16.
Shewing the number of officers and employes in each and all of the Asylums classified
according to the duties performed.
OCCUPATION.
00
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1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
\
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
1
2
2
2
'"i"
1
9
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
2
1
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1
5
4
7
9
Storekeepers and Assistants
9
2
1
1
7
1
1
6
5
5
Engineers' Assistants and Stokers
34
2
1
2
1
8
Painters .
2
Bakers and Assistants
i
I
2
i
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
5
4
4
"i"
1
2
""l"
"i"
4
2
7
6
Gardeners and Assistants
8
Farmers and Farm Labourers
Tailors and Seamstresses
12
11
1
Stable and Stock-keepers
2
1
2
6
4
8
1
10
7
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
12
7
1
5
Butchers and Jobbers
3
Messengers, Porters and Portresses
1
7
5
2
1
11
6
6
Cooks and Kitchen Maids
25
18
Housemaids
Dairymaids
Attendants.
Chief Male Attendants and Supervisors
23
3
12
10
1
1
46
31
1
3
6
9
3
2
3
21
23
5
4
30
26
" 3 '
13
16
2
1
20
17
3
3
90
Ordinary Female Attendants
91
Male Night Watchers
13
Female Night Watchers
13
Totals
119
132
84
110
56
501
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
The details of the distribution of all these persons will be found in the fol-
lowing table, which affords also a means of comparison with the previous year : —
Place of Confinement.
Asylum for insane, Toronto . ,
*' " London . .
" " Kingston .
" " Hamilton ,
Total insane in Asylum
Asylum for idiots, Orillia . .
Total number in Provincial Asylums ,
Homewood Retreat, Guelph
Insane convicts in Kingston Penitentiary
Insane and idiotic persons in the Common Gaols.
Total number of insane and idiotic persons
under public accommodation
30th September, 1889.
Males. Females. Total
363
452
325
450 i
1590
158
Number of applications on hand for admission
to the Toronto Asylum
Number of applications on hand for admission
to the London Asylum
Number of applications on hand for admission
to the Kingston Asylum
Number of applications on hand for admission
to the Hamilton Asylum
Number of applications on hand for admission
to the Orillia Asylum
1748
9
38
27
1822
13
195
Total number of insane and idiotic persons
known to the Dei)artment on 30th Sep-
tember, 1889 and 1890 204G
345
456
357
433
1742
9
1
33
1785
3
58
3
6
152
2007
30th September, 1890.
Males. Females, Total
708
908
682
883
1591 3181
I
151 309
3490
18
39
60
3607
5
71
10
13
347
4053
399
469
335
459
1652
157
1809
9
30
53
1901
1
3
IS
4
226
2153
391
477
349
449
1666
155
1821
10
2
23
1856
1
7
4
18
172
2058
30
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
The following table shews the number of beds in each of the Asylums and
how they were occupied at the close of the official year : —
Asylums.
Number of beds.
Number in residence on 30th
September, 1890.
Number of vacancies.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Toronto
London
392
472
327
464
145
409
472
358
445
155
801
944
685
909
300
399
469
325
459
157
391
477
349
449
155
790
946
674
908
312
3
2
5
18
18
3
Kingston
Hamilton
9
11
5
Orillia
Totals
1800
1839
3639
1
1809 1821
3630
10
27
37
Social State.
The followinof information, in respect to the nationalities, relie^ious denom-
inations and social state of the 697 patients admitted, including transfers, as well
a the aggregate admissions of all preceding years since 184-1, is compiled from
the records of the various institutions : —
Social State.
Admissions
of year.
Married 388
Unmarried 309
697
j}Jationalities.
Canadian 441
English 84
Irish , 87
Scotch 39
United States 18
Other countries and unknown 28
697
Religious Denominations.
Church of England 125
Roman Catholic 138
Presbyterian 132
Methodist 187
Other denominations and unknown. ... 115
Total
Admissions.
7429
7683
15112
6954
2077
3346
1470
458
807
15112
3600
3262
3127
2979
2144
31
697
15112
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
Discharges.
Asylums.
No. of Cures.
No. of
Admissions.
Percentage of
Cures to Admis-
sions.
Toronto
London
Kingston
Hamilton
59
25
36
52
253
145
110
161
23.71
20.00
32.72
32.30
Totals
172
669
25.71
Probational Discharges.
The number of patients who were allowed to return to their homes on pro-
bational leave, and the ultimate results thereof, are shewn in the following table: —
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Number to whom probational leave was granted.
89
109
198
Discharged, cured
47
3
57
12
1
104
15
'' unimproved
1
2
o
Transferred to another Asylum
12
25
12
27
24
Out on probation 30th September, 1890
52
Totals
89
109
198
Deaths in Asylum.
ASYLDMS.
No. of Deaths.
Toronto
London
Kingston
Hamilton
O'illia (Idiot)
TotalH
:}2
73
25
43
48
22
231
Total
Population.
961
1053
792
1044
3:57
41S7
Percentage of
Deaths on Total
Population.
7.59
2.37
5.43
4.60
6.53
bJA
t Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1811
Assigned Causes of Insanity.
The table shewing the assigned causes of insanity is annexed :-
ASSIGNED CAUSES.
MOKAL.
Domestic troubles, including loss of
relatives or friends
Religious excitement
Adverse circumstances, including busi-
ness troubles
Love affairs, including seduction
Mental anxiety, " worry "
Fright and nervous shocks
Physical.
Intemperance in drink
Intemperance, sexual
Venereal disease
Self -abuse, sexual
Over-work
Sunstroke
Accident or injury . .
Pregnancy
Puerperal
Lactation
Puberty and change of life
Uterine disorders
Brain disease, with general paralysis . . .
Brain disease, with epilepsy
Other forms of brain disease
Other bodily diseases or disorders, in
eluding old age
Fevers
Number of instances in which each cause was assigned.
As Predisposing Cause.
Male.
2
1
2
1
1
1
Hereditary.
With other ascertained cause in com
bination
With other combined cause notjascer
tained
Congenital.
With other ascertained cause in com
bination
With other combined cause not ascer-
tained
Unknown
Total
11
40
Female.
3
1
1
2
5
3
2
226
311
13
49
254
358
Total.
5
2
3
3
6
4
10
2
1
3
10
24
89
2
480
669
As Exciting Cause.
Male. Female.
12
12
15
5
7
3
6
3
1
16
6
3
7
5
16
5
177
310
19
15
5
6
10
12
6
1
1
5
7
6
6
6
16
5
9
2
4
2
3
12
4
197
359
3 (A.)
33
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
Th ' following table shews the admissions, discharges, etc., for each year since
1877, inclusive.
YEAR.
Lunatics
Admitted.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
437
479
461
507
502
493
519
493
457
519
425
566
514
669
Pischargpd,
Died and
Escaped.
331
335
32]
353
386
401
433
416
423
355
395
386
441
492
Kemained.
Percentage.
106
144
140
154
116
92
86
77
34
164
30
180
73
177
24.25
30.06
30.36
30.37
23.10
18.66
16.57
15.61
7.44
31.60
7.06
31.80
14.20
26.46
Employment of Patients.
The following two tables shew, 1st, the percentage of patients employed in
the vear just closed, and 2nd, the increase in that percentage which has taken
place since 1882, the first year in which we have regular statistics on the subject : —
ASYLUM.
Actual
Population.
Number of
Patients
who worked.
Collective Number i ^^^'"^-"^^o^Ld^
stay in days, of days' work t/collective
of Patients. | done.
Toronto . .
London
Kingston . .
Hamilton
Totals
961
1053
792
1044
3850
504
802
669
790
277969
336S40
247835
329016
172373
254085
174167
224171
62.01
75.43
70.27
68.43
2765
1191660
824796
69.21
The following table shews the percentage of days worked to the collective
stay in the Asylums in each year since 1882 : —
ASYLUM.
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
32.15
.04.00
45.11
37.61
30.44
69.89
60.33
62.38
53.90
86.56
76.59
56.40
38.40
79.. OH
61.13
48.82
41.10
77.84
68.26
62.32
56.37
77.84
68.26
61.40
52.09
77.54
C9.71
73.95
51.39
77.30
70.56
57.32
62.01
75.43
70.27
68.43
34
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6),
A. 1891
Asylum Expenditure.
The following table shews the expenditure incurred for the maintenance of
the Asylums during the past year, as well as for the year which preceded it.
ASYLUM.
Expended
1889.
Expended
1890.
Increase.
Decrease.
$ c.
107462 30
128398 66
90552 62
119283 00
44908 13
§ c.
106093 56
115536 30
92387 62
106881 14
43465 50
§ c.
1368 74
12862 36
Kingston
1835 00
12401 86
Orillia
1442 63
Totals . .
Actual decrease, 1890
490604 71
464364 12
1835 00
28075 59
26237 59
The next table shews the annual and weekly cost per patient in each of the
Asylums during 1889 and 1890, together with the average dailj'' population : —
Year ending 30th
1889.
Sept.,
Year ending 30th
1890.
Sept.,
ASYLUMS.
Annual cost
per Patient.
Weekly cost
per Patient.
2-2
>^
*1
M
761
925
679
901
311
Annual cost
per Patient.
Toronto
707
916
681
863
299
§ c.
151 99
140 02
132 97
138 22
150 20
S c.
2 92
2 69
2 56
2 66
2 89
$ c.
139 30
124 96
136 06
118 62
139 76
§ c.
2 68
2 40
Kingston
Hamilton
2 61
2 28
Orillia
2 69
Total
3466
142 68
1 2 74
3577
131 74
2 53
35
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
Revenue from Paying Patients.
No. of Patients, Revenue.
Toronto Asylum 267 $36232 33
Loudou " 122 10683 82
Kingston " 51 3409 03
Hamilton " 95 * 10262 98
Orillia " 27 2166 00
Totals 562 $62754 16
Comparative Statement of Revenue.
The following statement shews the revenue received from the Asylums for
each year since 1871, together with the number of paj'ing patients in the Asylums
from year to year :
No. of
Patients.
Revenue.
Increase.
Decrease.
•
For the year ending September
30, 1871
1872
1873
118
139
171
182
231
256
323
334
343
387
414
475
538
496
509
516
514
538
708
1
562
1
$ c.
14045 30
19255 80
16660 61
20035 77
21875 92
21175 93
28093 58
30103 75
32898 26
37653 81
•
41066 54
43937 64
59922 59
48135 18
49620 93
63030 05
48742 53
59638 16
66670 64
62754 16
$ c.
$ c.
5219 50
3375 15
1840 15
2595 19
I II
II II
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
69*^ 99
6917 65
2010 17
2794 51
4755 55
3412 73
2871 10
15984 95
1485 75
4309 12
!• ;i
11787 41
5187 52
M
10895 63
7032 48
3916 48
36
54 Victoria Sessional Papers No. 6). A. 1891
APPENDIX TO THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
UPON THE
ASYLUMS FOR THE INSANE AND IDIOTIC,
CONTAINING
THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE ASYLUMS
IN TORONTO, LONDON, KINGSTON, HAMILTON, ORILLIA AND
HOMEWOOD RETREAT, GUELPH.
5t Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 6). A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, TORONTO, FOR THE YEAR ENDING ,SOth
SEPTEMBER, 1890.
Toronto, Oct. 1st, 1890.
To the Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities : —
Sir : — I have the honor to herewith present the Fiftieth Annual Report of the opera-
tions of this Asylum for the year ending the 30th day of September, 1890.
Two hundred and fifty-three patients were admitted during the year. Of that
number 125 were admitted under warrant, and 128 by ordinary process. Of those thus
admitted, two were not insane.
The total number under care and treatment during the year was 961, as against
821 last year.
The deaths were fifty-nine as against thirty-six last year, or a percentage of 7.6, as
against a percentage of 4.38 last year.
A large number of aged persons died. It is of interest to note that one died at the
ripe age of eighty-eight years. Two died at eighty years of age ; one of whom was seven-
teen years, eleven months and eight days in the asylum. One died at the age of seventy-
nine years and had been a patient here nearly eight years. One died at the age of
seventy-eight years, who had been an inmate for the long period of twenty-eight years,
eight months and eighteen days. One patient seventy years of age had been a resident
for thirty-one years, seven months and fifteen days, and one aged sixty-one years had
been a patient for twenty years and twenty-nine days.
This mortality is the largest we have had since 1876 when seventy-one died out of
9.56 of our population, and as then, so now, chiefly among the aged. Seven per cent, is
an average percentage of deaths among the insane, but for fourteen years our mortality
has been so low that we look upon this percentage as high.
Thirteen have died during the year who were over 70 years of age.
Discharges.
Ninety-one were discharged. Of that number fifty-nine recovered. This is 23.81
per cent, of those admitted during the year. This is a lower percentage than usual and
is chiefly due to the large number of chronic insane, who came to us not only in the
usual way from our own asylum district, but also those who were transferred to us, as
chronic and incurable, from the other asylums of the Province. Of course this influx in-
creased the number of admissions and proportionally decreased the number of recoveries.
This small percentage of recoveries is in striking contrast to 36 per cent, in 1888 and
43 per cent, in 1889.
Eighteen were discharged improved, a number of these were really on the border-
land of complete recovery and might have honestly been put on our list of recoveries,
were it not that it is often feared many such persons may be only cases of intermission
and not justly entitled to be classed as cured or permanently recovered. Asylum records
would be of little value were they not faithfully and honestly tabulated.
Last year it was strongly urged that steps should be taken to deplete to some extent
our large dormitories, which were of necessity overcrowded and not properly classified.
A warning was given in 1884, it was repeated in 1885 ; it was reiterated in 1886 and
stated with increased emphasis in 1887. Five weeks after a similar warning and appre-
hension was given and feared in my report of last year a homicide took place in one of
our dormitories.
54 Victoi ia. Sessional Papers (No. 6. A. 1891
A. delusional patient struck another weakly patient with a pulp night pail only
weighing 2|- pounds, and wounded her to such an extent that she died a few hours
afterwards from the injury received. An inquest was held and no one was blamed in
the matter.
Since that time all the dormitory doors have been left open at night so that the
night-watches can see and hear more readily anything which may be taking place in these
sleeping rooms. The change has been an improvement in many ways. (1) No night-
pails are needed. (2) The ventilation is much better. (3) Patients can make their
wants known more readily to the night-watches, (i) The patients express themselves
grateful for the change, as they have a sense of freedom which they appreciate, in con-
tradistinction to being locked up together in large bed-rooms for the night. (5) A num-
ber of patients with filthy habits are now more inclined to use the closets, and as a re-
sult the bed-rooms are much improved where this class is domiciled. (6) The noise
formerly made in opening and shutting bedroom doors is now avoided. The patients are
not waked up and the night-watches go among them softly, to their great comfort and
quietude. (7) The night-nurses prefer this open door system, as they are under less
apprehension as to what might be happening, than was the case with closed doors.
This plan only exists where two or more patients are sleeping in the same room. At
first a few would stray into the corridors seeing open doors were a novelty to them, but
now very few leave their rooms during the night. The maniacal and those having strong
suicidal proclivities occupy — as far as it is possible to accommodate such — single rooms-
with closed doors, and the usual periodic visitations of the watches are continued.
Probation.
Twenty-five went home on probation. One of these committed suicide after being
home for a period of twenty-one days. Another died at home, and the remaining twenty-
three patients have been discharged at the end of their month of trial at home.
Amusements.
In addition to our concerts, we have dances every two weeks, on Friday
evenings from 7.30 o'clock to 9.30 o'clock.
In winter, when sleighing is good, large numbers enjoy sleigh-rides, especially into
the city. The crowded streets and bustle seem to please them very much. Picnics with
music and dancing on the green are usually indulged in on holidays when the weather is
fine.
The Exhibition Board of Trustees have for a number of years past kindly given us
passes to the show, and over a hundred of our patients take advantage of this privilege
from time to time. We have not had a solitary patient elope although all freely mingle
with the thousands of sane visitors.
List of Entertainments Provided by Friends, Season 1889-90.
1. Concert by University College Glee Club ; D. Donald Esq., Secretary.
2. " " Burns Camp, Sons of Scotland ; Mr. D. Carmichael, Conductor.
3. " " Mr. Lawrence Boyd and Friends.
4. " " Choir of West Presbyterian Church ; Mr. Geo. Macbeth, Secretary.
5. " " Knox College Glee Club ; Mr. Wm. M, Haig, Secretary.
G. " " Jarvis Street Baptist Choir ; Mr. A. S. Vogt, Conductor.
7. *' " Madame Stuttaford and Pupils.
8. Stereopticon Entertainment, by Mr. F. B. Whitteraore and Friends.
U ii ii II <i
40
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A, 1891
10. Concert by Queen Street Methodist Choir : Mr. J. B. Baxter, Conductor.
11. " " Old St. Andrew's Choir ; Mr. G. W. Grant, Conductor.
12. " '• Claxton's Orchestra ;" Mr. Thos. Claxton, Leader.
13. Stereopticon Entertainment, by Mr. F. B. Whittemore and Friends.
14. Concert by Dunn Avenue Presbyterian Choir ; Mr. J. P. Balfour, Conductor.
15. '* " Berkeley Street Methodist Choir ; Mrs. Bradley, Conductor.
16. Entertainment by Mr. Lawrence Boyd and Friends.
17. Concert by Mr. James Fax and Friends.
18. " " Mr. Arthur Strutt and Friends.
19. " " Jarvis Street Baptist Choir; Mr. A. S. Vogt, Conductor.
20. " " Mrs. Wm. Revell and Friends assisted by East End Orchestra.
21. " " Scottish Select Choir ; Mr. A. T. Cringan, Conductor.
22. " " Toronto Hand-Bell Ringers ; Mr. H. Fox, Secretary.
We can never adequately express our gratitude to our kind friends in the city who
so Avillingly and gratuitously furnish lirst-class entertainments from year to year to our
patients. Few asylums are as fortunate as this is in that respect, and did the enter-
tainers hear the entertained give expression to their pleasure, they would be repaid for
their trouble.
Changes, Repairs and Constructions.
At the end of the fiftieth reportorial year and within a few months of my incum-
bency as chief officer for a period of fifteen years, it may not be out of place to put oni
record a few of the principal changes, repairs and constructions which have taken place
during the latter period. Each asylum has a distinctiveness, it might almost be written
a personality of its own. It is built up and organized little by little, day by day, and
year by year in the necessities of the various periods of its existence, and to a greater or
less degree reflects the " personal equation" in the executive work and changes of such
an intx'icate organization as that of an asylum. Changes are not always improvements,
yet advanced ideas are the prominent features of the age, in all departments of knowledge
and assuredly asylum construction and work are not retrograding. On the contrary, the
housing, treatment and medical enquiry into the physical aspect of causes of insanity in
relation to the mentally affected have taken great strides forward during the last half
century and will doubtless continue to do so in the decades yet to come.
All has not been done here in a forward movement which might have been achieved,,
not simply because of a spirit of conservatism which prevented us from riding passing
hobbies which restless minds are continually mounting and dismounting, but also because
of impediments which lay in the way, not altogether from retrogressive ideas, nor from
want of abiding interest in our work. There is no doubt the future will be more hopeful
in this respect and that efficiency not cheapness will be the crucial test of expenditure.
The changes of importance have been as follows, viz :
1st. The removal of the coal and wood sheds from our quadrangle near the main
buildings. They were not only tumble-down rookeries of wood, but they were the centres
of untidiness and filth and veritable eye-sores. The former were removed to our south
wall and the latter to a situation near our farm-yard. Last year a substantial stone coal
shed was erected out of the old material of our torn down brick wall.
2nd. Our six kitchens have been consolidated into one. Instead of cooking in the
basement as formerly, from which went up into the offices and wards the smells for which
kitchens are noted, our cooking is now done in a substantial building in the grounds,
and which also has mainly been built of old brick and stone from our torn down walls.
Covered hand-cars deliver the food to our dumb-waiters on a railway constructed for the
purpose.
41
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
3rd. For fire purposes a small hand engine has been superseded by four hydrants
conveniently situated in our grounds. We are also conveniently near three city hydrants
on Queen street, not to state that the Dundas street engine house is not quite 300 yards
away. This fire-hall is in immediate communication with all the fire-halis in the city.
There is also a fire company of our own ready for an emergency with 1,000 feet of hose
on reels. All the wards are furnished with hose in each in connection with our tanks
and which have been recently renewed. Chemical cylinders are in the wards ready for
immediate use. Printed rules define the duties of all tlie employees in case of fire.
4th. The twelve verandahs were originally constructed with iron bars very much
like cage's for wild animals. Their comfort to patients was beyond dispute, but their
appearance was unpleasantly su<rgestive. These tons upon tons of iron have been re-
moved and sliding windows with screens have replaced them. In winter these l)reathing
places can be used for promenading, because snow and ice can now be kept out, and in
summer our patients can use them for sitting rooms and not be as formerly on exhibition
to the public, who were gazing at them from the grounds in anticipation of a performance
of fantastic tricks. The change for the better in this respect cannot be over-estimated.
5th. Our carpenters, engineers and painters' .shops had been miserable shanties and
not nearly as comfortable as our pig-pens were. Many attempts had been made to pro-
cure an appropriation for the erection of better shops, but in vain. We used old material
of brick and stone and have built commodious structures largely with our own labour,
which we are not ashamed to show to workmen, as was formerly the case.
6th. Formerly the space of about forty-five feet left between the main building and
east of the two wings was occujjied by a wooden passage only one stoiy in height. As a
consequence the eight upper wards were not connected at these openings. No one could
reach any of these wards in one section from any in the other section without descending
to this lower passage and ascending again. The object doubtless was to prevent fire
spreading from one section to the other did a conllagration take place. The plan was a
worthy one in that respect, but this unconnected space would also prevent patients in
the upper wards from taking refuge in one part were they cut off by fire from making
an exit from the other, in which they might happen to be at the time of such a calamity.
This defect has now been remedied by the erection of connections made solidly of
Ijrick and extending up to the highest wards, so that patients and attendants can now
pass through passages from and to all the wards. It would now be impossible to cut ofi"
egress in this direction as was formerly the case. The old wooden connections were too
rotten to be safe at the time of their removal.
7th. The old front door of this large building was the basement door. All travel to
and fro in the central building, in which were located the medical oflicers' quarters, the
general oflSces and the storerooms, had to be reached through the basement. A more
difimal and forbidding entrance to this asylum could not have been devised. It is fair to
say this cellar-way was not intended to be the main hall. A more pretentious and fitting
•structure was provided for in the original plan, but it was never erected. Last year a
door was made in the place it was originally intended to exist in the first story, and a
stone and brick building was erected outside. It is not ornate nor striking for its archi-
tectural beauty or proportions but is a great improvement on the bee-hive door l)elow.
Strangers and friends need not now explore the lower regions before reaching the oftices
and wards. Bust.-^, pictures, paintings and a walnut floor have improved this prominent
part of the building very much. It is not at all likely that more will ever be done in that
direction.
8th. Last year twenty-four acres of our garden land were taken from us. Asa
consequence we had to .set to work to repair the waste places, and r(^l)uilt 1,000 feet of
wall out of the stone and brick takrn from the torn down wall. A large j)art of the
work of tearing down and building up was done by attendants and patients with a few
skilled bricklayers. They deserve credit for th(> performance of this work as well as for
the work done by them in connection with all the erections which have been enumerated.
42
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6) A. 1891
Two-thirds of all the manual labour necessary to erect the kitchen, the new coal-shed,
the connections, the machine shops and these walls were jjerformed by our own people
under the asylum direction, thus tens of thousands of dollars were saved to the Public
Work? Department, were it possible to suppose that it would have seen its way to
sanction such necessary expenditure.
More permanent buildings are needed, such as a store-bouse, hot-house, and decent
chapel, but as we have no more material furnished from old brick walls, and seeing we
have done so well in the past in the building line, it is possible the Public Works De-
partment may help us to procure funds for these purposes.
9th. At last the most of the asylum is being heated by means of improved hot-water
boilers.
The forty odd primitive brick furnaces have been removed with all their expensive-
ness, inefficiency, foul gases, tilth and wastefulness. Eight small boilers do all the
heating of main building and wings very satisfactorily. Were it not for the expensive-
ness of making new connections and furnishing new pipes, four large boilers could have
done the work. The old pipes were utilized and all the work necessary in the change
was done by our engineers' department. Outside of the cost of the boilers little expense
was incurred in purchasing new material to complete the change.
10th. The old pine floors have all been replaced with hardwood ones in the main
building. All the bedrooms, corridors, transepts, dining-rooms, parlors, sitting rooms
and verandahs have been painted a light blue color. A large number of chromos, litho-
graphs and statuettes have done much to take away the barrack-like appearance of our
walls and wards, and carpet rugs and such like make homelike our best corridors. We
are satisfactorily supplied in this respect.
Mimico Branch Asylum.
Two cottages of this Branch Asylum in connection with Toronto Asylum were
opened to receive patients on January 21st, 1890. The buildings were not completed,
but urgency for room compelled their occupancy thus early, so 112 male patients became
residents in them on or before the 26th of January.
Toronto, London and Kingston Asylums furnished many of the patients but of the whole
number 116 men were sent from this asylum. Twelve women were sent from Kingston
Asylum and the same number was sent from London Asylum to fill the vacancies
created here. To accommodate so many women patients a man's ward is temporarily
utilized for that purpose in this as3'lum.
Dr. Reynolds of Hamilton Asylum became resident physician at Mimico and satis-
factorily discharged his duties until his promotion as assistant Medical Superintendent at
Hamilton Asylum to wbich he returned on Sept. 13th. Dr. Oascaden was appointed his
successor as 1st Assistant Physician of Toronto Asylum, resident at the Mimico Branch.
Dr. Cane, 1st Assistant Physician, left the asylum service on Feb. 1st, 1890, to
enter private practice in the city.
For several years he had performed his duties very satisfactorily on our medical staff.
On Feb. 5th, 1890, Dr. Weir became his successor and entered upon his duties on
Feb. 9th, last.
It gives me great satisfaction to record faithfulness and diligence in all those employ-
ed in connection with this great and important institution.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
DANIEL OLARK,
Medical Superintendent.
43
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT
Of the operations of the Asylum for Insane, Toronto, for the year ending 30th
September, 1890.
TABLE No. 1.
Shewing movements of patients in the Asylum for the official year ending
30th September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Remaining, October Ist, 1889
363
315
708
Admitted during year :—
By Lieutenant-Governor's Warrant
59
50
66
78
125
128
" Medical Certificate
109
144
489
253
Total number under treatment during year
472
961
Discharges during year : —
As n it insane
2
24
6
6
35
12
6
2
59
18
12
" improved.
" unimproved
Total number of discharges during year
38
29
5
1
53
44
1
91
73
5
2
Died
Eloped . .
Transferred
73
98
171
Remaining in Asylum 30th Sept . , 1890
399
391
790
Total number admitted since opening of Asylum. . . .
3509
3233
6742
1832
886
02
330
1728
755
11
348
3560
1641
73
678
" died
" transferred
3110
2842
5952
" remaining, 30th Septcmbr-r, 1890
399
391
790
Number of Applications on file, 30th Sept., 1890
1
1
2
1
1
44
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 2.
Shewing the maximum and minimum number of patients resident in the Asylum,
the total number of days' stay of patients, and the daily average number of
patients in the Asylum, from the 1st October, 1889, to 30th September, 1890.
Maximum number of patients in residence (on 10th of September) . .
Minimum " " " (on the 15th of January)
Collective days' stay of all patients in residence during year
Daily average population
Male.
Female.
Total.
405
363
141646
388.07
394
338
136323
373.48
799
701
277969
761.55
Admissions of
Year,
Total Admissions
SINCE Opening.
Male.
47
62
109
Female.
97
47
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total,
Social State.
Married and vi^idowed
144
109
1578
1931
2032
1201
3610
3132
Single
Total ,
144
253
3509
3233
6742
Religion.
25
]6
28
7
2
21
24
38
32
1
1
27
49
54
60
14
3
48
792
999
624
63
34
725
728
910
601
64
47
645
1520
1909
1225
127
81
1370
Episcopalians
Methodists
Baptists
Congregationalists
Roman Catholics
Mennonites
Quakers
1
Infidels
Other denominations
Not reported
2
8
14
1
16
9
204
68
202
36
406
104
Total
109
144
253
3509
3233
6742
Nationalities.
English
Irish
Scotch
10
19
8
68
2
1
1
29
29
7
66
5
3
5
39
48
15
134
7
4
6
595
960
431
1280
120
108
15
529
927
388
1161
1124
1887
819
2441
Canadian
United States
Other countries
87 195
16 30
Unknown
Total
109
144
253
3509
o<i^
45
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 3.
Shewing the Counties from which patients have been admitted up to 30th
September, 1890.
Admitted during Year.
Total Admissions,
COUNTIES.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
8
44
19
71
19
4
30
17
100
84
25
1
74
73
57
22
26
50
58
24
93
■■^-^■■
8
1
15
244
142
35
I
117
44
75
13
26
4
115
60
56
44
42
129
220
1070
74
5
50
10
55
i"
22
12
68
69
23
"ei"
65
51
21
22
40
48
16
80
7
70
7
2
18
224
136
38
'"ioi"'
41
64
17
26
7
118
59
42
46
43
134
199
1078
37
13
3
3
94
29
Carleton
4
2
l"
1
4
2
1
2
126
19
5
El^in
1
52
jjgyex
29
Frontenac
Grey.
1
3
1
3
2
6
168
153
48
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
2
1
1
1
3
14
3
2
2
2
1
135
138
Huron
Kent
108
43
48
9a
106
40
173
1
1
1
1
1
9
10
1
2"
1
4
1
2
3
1
1
16
18
4
1
7
2
7
7
1
2
145
Muskoka District
15
3
Norfolk
33
7
8
3
1
5
1
3
468
278
Oxford ..
73
1
Peel
218
85
139
30
1
1
52
11
1
3
3
1
1
4
8
1
233
1
5
119
98
Waterloo
Wplland
90
85
2
2
75
2
3
122
1
263
1
47
1
419
2148
111
109
144
253
3509
3233
6742
46
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 4.
Shewing the Counties from wliich warranted cases have been admitted up to
:30th September, 1890.
Admitted during Year.
Total Admissions.
COUNTIES.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Algoraa District
5
2
4
12
19
3
1
1
23
40
5
4
24
3
6
2
9
11
11
13
1
3
i"
2
13
11
1
1
20
'2'
2
6
5
9"
5
6
Brant
1
1
5
Bruce
4
Carleton
Central Prison
1
2
1
2
13
19
Dufiferin
3
Elgin
1
1
Esses
3
Frontenac
1
2
1
2
2
4
36
Grey
Haldimand
51
6
Halton
1
6
1
12
5
Hastings .«
6
44
Huron
3
Kent
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
g
Lambton
4
Lanark
I
15
Leeds and Grenvflle
16
Lennox and Addington
11
Lincoln
22
Mercer Reformatory
1
1
5
Middlesex
Muskoka District
2
1
47
49
3
28
7
28
5
3
4
24
13
36
9
6
12
38
263
1
1
1
20
22
5
7
8"
2
1'"
12
4
14
4
3
3
9
174
7
3
Norfolk
2
Northumberland and Durham
5
5
1
3
4
6
1
2
9
11
2
5
67
71
8
35
Ontario
Oxford
Peel
Perth
7
36
7
3
Peterborough
Prescott and Russell
3
1
4
Renfrew
5
36
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
1
3
1
2
2
5
17
50
Waterloo
13
9
15
Wellington
1
34
1
56
47
437
s
York
22
59
66
125
777
379
1156
47
54 N^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. n).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing the length of Residence in the Asylum of those discharged during the
jear ending oOth September, 1890.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
63
64
65
66
Initials.
E. R
J. G. G . . . .
G. P. R....
W. J. W. M
M. D
M. S
S. C
W. McL . . .
J. y
E. M S....
E. F. T . . . .
J.B
A. G
E. L
J. L. W....
A. L
E. R. E....
M.J. F....
A. M. C . . .
M. A. C . . . .
J.C
H. W ....
E. M
R. N. H...
D. McN. H
T. G
A. S
M. K
R. H. B....
W. B
M. L
E. W
W. L
C. S
C.S
M. E. P....
S. P
R. U
D. McN ....
J.C
E.S
M. F
M. E.R....
T. B
J. C. N . . . .
L. McG ....
M. A. 0....
M. K. S. . . .
S. E. C
E. B. A....
G. A. L....
J. H
L. R
J. G
C.S
A.S
Sex.
When admitted.
F.
M
M
M
F.
F.
F .
M
M
F.
F .
M
F .
M.
F .
M.
M.
F .
F .
F.
M.
F .
F.
M.
M.
M.
F.
F.
M.
M.
F.
F.
M.
F.
F .
F.
F.
F .
M.
M.
F .
b' .
V .
F.
F .
M.
F .
F.
F .
Y .
M.
M.
K .
M.
M.
M.
Jiily 30th,
May 2nd,
March 25th,
September 18th,
June Kith,
July 6th,
June 5th,
September 20th,
October 16th,
August 17th.
December 8th,
August 20th,
September 26th,
July 11th,
September 22nd,
April 25th,
August 15th,
June 10th,
November 8th,
April 23rd,
May 13th,
September 16th.
September 5th,
December 3rd,
October ls>t,
July 24th,
August
October
February
January
January
July
March
February 13th,
April 13th,
June 20th,
December 11th,
August 4th,
January 22nd,
March 13th,
March 13th,
February 28th,
March 15th,
Sei)tember 12th,
14th,
25th,
5th,
24th,
24th,
23rd,
1st,
10th,
7th,
20th,
Hth,
18th,
March
April
March
Ai^ril
January - ,
November 16th,
April 16th,
April 3rd,
|)cc<inibur 2Hth,
ScptrMnber I3tli.
April 12th,
March 7th.
1889 .
1889...
1889...
188'J . . .
1889 . .
1888 . . .
1873...
1888...
1889 ..
1889 , .
1889...
1889...
1889...
1889...
1889...
1888...
1889...
1887...
1889 . . .
1889...
1876...
1889 . . ,
1887..
1889...
1889...
1889...
1889...
1889 .
1890...
1890 .
1890...
1887..,
1890. . ,
1890..,
1886..,
1889..
1889..
1889..
1890..
1890..
1890..
1890..,
1890..
1889..,
1890..,
1890...
1890...
1X90...
1890 .,
1889 . . .
1890..,
1890...
1889...
18H9 . . ,
1888. .
1890...
When discharged.
October
November
December
January
((
February
March
April
May
10th,
23rd,
1st,
2nd,
6th,
8th,
14th,
16th,
25 th,
30th,
30th,
5th,
7th,
14th,
17th,
Irfth,
23rd,
24th.
25th,
26th,
26th,
1st.
4th,
11th,
20th,
25th,
1st,
28th,
2Sth,
7th,
7th,
15th,
19th,
22nd,
26th,
2(lth,
29th,
1st,
4th,
4th,
18th,
21 .St,
21st,
22nd,
2()th,
28tli,
6th,
lOtli,
12th,
14th,
19th,
22iid,
23rd,
27th,
3lHt,
31at,
1889.
1890
Remarks.
Recovered.
Unimproved .
Improved.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved .
Recovered.
Not insane.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved .
Recovered.
Imi)roved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Iiii]>roved.
Recovered.
48
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.— Continued.
Shewing the length of Residence in the Asylum of those discharged during the
year ending 80th September, 1890.
No.
67
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
6G
67
58
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
88
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
Initials.
Sex.
B.S
R. S. H...
E. K ....
A. C. McF
> S. D
A. E . . . .
G. P
M. G
M. C. Y .
G. B ....
S. J. J , . .
G. H. R...
A. M
CD. A...
M. E. K...
W. C
G. C . . . .
M. C
J. W
H. B
M. A. G . .
W. H. G .
S. C. G ...
E. W
I. McC ...
J. B
C. W
Z. B
M. G
A.M
E. M. W .
W. K
G. B ...
H. McE...
B. F
F.
M.
F.
F .
F .
F .
M.
F .
F.
M.
F.
M.
F .
M.
F .
M.
M.
F .
F .
F.
F .
M.
F .
F.
F .
F .
M.
M.
F .
M.
F .
M.
M.
M.
F.
When admitted.
February 15th
February 22nd
March 24th
•January 4th
November 8th
26th
15th.
25th
12th
20th
27th
15th
24th
29th
r2th
21st
27th
26th
April
March
April
July
October
June
January
January
January
April
January
May
April
December 28th
April 7th
January 28th
September 24th
June 22nd
August 1st
December 29th
November 24th
January 23rd
May 13th
August 20th
September 10th
February 12th
January 20th
August 12th,
August 1st
February I4th
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1889.
1890
1890.
1890
1890.
1870
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890
1890.
1889.
1890.
1890.
1889
1888.
1890.
1888.
1889
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1889.
1890.
1890.
1890.
1890.
When discharged.
July
June 6th,
6th,
10th,
13th,
26th,
3rd,
4th,
8th,
15th,
17th,
19th,
30th,
August 1st,
2nd,
2nd,
6th,
" 6th,
6th,
6th,
nth,
12th,
14th,
1.5th,
19th,
23rd,
September 1st,
nth,
nth,
16th,
17th,
22nd,
29th,
29th,
29th,
30th,
1890.
Remarks.
Recovered,
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved ,
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimproved .
Improved.
Recovered.
Not insane.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
4 (..;.
49
54 V^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1801
TABLE No. G.
Shewing age, length of residence, and proximate cause of death of those who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Iso. I Initials.
J. H.. .
K. McB.
M. A. H
E. J. E..
E. R. R.
M. McP.
¥. H. W
A. O. C .
L. R ....
A. S . . . .
E. D...
A. K....
M. B . . .
R. C . . .
E. D...
J.C
S. T
A.M
M. D
W. R. L . .
A. G
V. Y
A. G
M. M. E..
H. H. B . .
S. S. A....
J.C
D. McK . .
A.M
J. E
S. C
P. S
W. J. S . .
M. McK . .
F. S
F. S
E. D
O. N. J . . .
E. B
M. H
J. A
M, McM.
W. B. P .
A. A
M. O
M. H
A. K. H .
E. R
A. R
A. McG .
H. McL..
J. W. R..
H. C
Sex.
M .
F. .
F. .
F. .
F. .
F ..
M.,
F.,
F.
F .
M.
M.
F.
F.
F .
M.
F .
F.
F .
M.
F .
F.
F.
F.
M.
F .
M.
M.
F .
M.
F
m;
M
F.
F.
M.
F .
M.
F.
F.
M.
F .
M.
M.
F.
F .
F.
F.
F.
F.
K .
M.
M.
Age.
34
26
44
35
24
62
43
88
25
80
38
36
59
55
58
59
68
76
70
52
46
50
46
47
26
80
68
31
73
61
78
33
54
75
57
45
57
50
62
32
72
52
40
49
48
40
45
68
63
38
51
41
61
Date of Death.
October 8th, 1889. .
" 19th, " ..
November 5th, " ..
25th, " ..
Decemberl2th, " . .
January 1st, 1890..
7th, " ..
10th, " ..
12th, " ..
15th, " ..
" 15th, " ..
17th, " ..
20th, " .,
" 26th, " ..
30th, " .
February 1st, " .
2nd, " .
" 2nd, " .
5th, " .
6th, " .
12th, " .
16th, " .
19th, " .
26th, " .
March 5th, " .
5th, " .
9th, " .
10th, " .
12th, " .
12th, " .
16th, " .
19th, " .
" 25th, " .
30th, " .
April 1st, "
1st, " .
8th, " .
12th, "
14th, " .
17th, " .
20th, " .
21st, " .
25th, " .
28th, " .
May 4th, "
4tli, " .
" 6th, " .
Ctli, " .
7th, " .
22nd, " .
" 23rd, " .
Juno Jtli, "
5th " .
60
Residence in
AsYLUjr.
11
1
3
0
2
12
0
1
0
0
1
17
6
29
12
4
0
0
0
1
13
0
11
0
4
17
0
0
11
7
28
6
0
19
2
7
13
0
22
0
8
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
1 I
4
0
u
2
6
10
4
5
3
5
4
0
3
0
6
0
7
0
0
8
0
0
7
9
0
9
1
6
11
1
10
3
4
8
2
0
1
5
9
4
2
1
2
5
8
1
11
3
3
0
3
7
10
8
Proximate cause of death.
5
24
13
13
11
19
23
20
15
24
15
20
9
16
19
5
15
10
14
22
17
23
6
3
20
8
14
8
10
11
18
8
17
2
1
4
28
21
18
13
20
11
13
8
10
10
11
13
16
11
6
6
0
Phthisis.
Killed.
jMara.smus.
Exhaustion of mania.
ISlara-^mus.
Cardiac disease.
Senile decay.
Exhaustion of mania.
Senile decay.
Paresis.
Phthisis.
Marasmus,
f.'erebral effusion.
Cardiac disease.
La grippe.
Broncho-pneumonia.
Pneumonia.
Paresis.
Phthisis.
Cardiac disease.
Phthisis.
Marasmus.
Senile decay.
Enteritis.
Marasmus.
Cardiac dropsy.
Ei>ilepsy.
Senile decay.
Phthisis.
Paresis.
Senile decay.
jXIarasmus,
Peritonitis.
Hei)atic disease.
Marasmus.
Cardiac disease.
Dysentery.
Setnle decay.
Phthisis.
Marasmus.
PJxhaustion of mania.
I)y8('ntery.
Phtliisis.
Paresis.
Cardiac diseaso.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 18J 1
TABLE No. 6.— Continued.
Shewing age, length of residence, and proximate cause of death of those who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Initials.
Sex.
Age.
Residence in
Asylum.
No.
Date of Death. |
a
o
Proximate cause of death.
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
J. K
LA
S. W
E. D
S. E. B. W.
M. Y
M. R
J. H
M. A. M..
E. D
J. W
E. H
A. S
P. C
N. W. P . .
S. J
S. A
C. P
C. F
E. S
M
M
M
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
26
56
61
53
45
26
75
34
52
52
70
79
26
36
63
61
32
48
75
47
June 6th, 18
^th, '
9th, '
9th, '
21st, '
29th, '
29th, '
July 10th, '
15th, '
24th, '
August 3rd, '
6th, '
9th, '
13th, '
" 15th, '
September 4th, '
10th, '
18th, '
20th, '
26th, '
90
0
0
20
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
31
7
0
0
0
0
4
13
10
0
1
1
0
4
5
5
3
2
0
1
7
5
0
4
7
1
7
2
4
2
5
27
29
13
25
18
23
3
19
11
15
14
3
30
18
18
28
14
6
27
Phthisis.
Suicide.
Marasmus.
Paresid.
Phthisis.
Senile decay.
Phthisis.
Hemiplegia.
Marasmus.
Cardiac disease.
Senile decay.
Aneemia.
Paresis.
Marasmus.
Epilepsy.
M arasmus.
Senile decay.
Exhaustion of mania.
51
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
OCCUPATIONS.
During the Year.
Males.
Females
Agents
Architects
Actuaries .
Actors
Artists . -
t
I
4
Book-keepers .
Bak.rs-
Bricklayers
Butchers
Blacksmiths .
Brass-finishers
Brewers
Builders
Barbers
Broom-makers
Barristers
Bookbinders . .
Brickmakers . .
Bridge-tenders
Brakesmen . .
.1 1
Commercial travellers..
CaVjj net-makers
Consuls
Confectioners
C' opers
Carpenters
Clerks
C!<;rffymen
Carriage-makers
(y >oks
Carders
Captains of steamboats.
('iffarniakers
Custom-house officers. . .
CopixTsmiths
Coachmen
Civil servants
Clock cleaners
Carters
Total.
During Former Years,
Males.
1
2
25
19
4
21
42
10
3
2
Females
3
1
1
11
7
Total.
2
2
25
19
4
21
42
10
3
2
3
1
1
11
17
138
147
30
2
1
17
138
148
30
2
8
Dyers •• • •
DomeHtic servantB, all kinds
Dn-HHinakerH
Det'ctivfH
DruKK'"'"
Dentists
Dfx;t<jr«
24
1
24
1
945
8
10
1
950
8
K)
I'-n^ineers.
IvJit'jrH . . .
ICngravers
20
3
1
20
3
1
20
3
1
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.— Continued.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
During the Year.
During
Former Years.
OCCUPATIONS.
Males.
Females
5
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Totals.
Farmers
24
29
942
1
1
28
970
1
1
999
1
1
Ferrymen
Furriers
Farmers' daughtei'S
1
1
8
9
12
i"
12
8
10
13
Gardeners
8
10
Gentlemen
1
1
28
i"
28
1
29
Glove-makers ,
1
Grooms
Oun-smiths .
1
1
1
Hucksters
Hatters
Hostlers
2
1
10
3"
8
1
7
1
767
■■"19'
2
""44"
IG
'"m"
1
2
70
23
2
1
10
317
3
8
1
7
1
768
2
70
19
2
23
44
16
2
j
1
Harness-makers
1
'"42"
1
42
11
Housekeepers
359
Hack-drivers
3
Inn-keepers
1
1
9
Ironmongers
1
Jewellers
7
Janitors
1
Labourers
27
3'"
2
27
3
2
2
795
Laundresses
5
Ladies
72
Lawyers
Lumbermen
2
21
2
Milliners
2
2
25
44
Machinists
1
1
17
Millers
1
1
2
1
1
2
28
19
96
25
7
6""
28
19
96
25
13
29
20
Merchants
98
Mechanics
25
Music-teachers
13
Marble-cutters
No occupation
N ight-watchmen
3
1
8
11
1
119
298
417
428
1
7
311
7
509
1
7
Not stated
198
1
60
509
Organ-builders
1
4
i
5
'ii" 77 1
82
53
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.— Continued
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
i
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
During the "i
^KAR.
During
Former Ye.vrs.
OCCUPATIONS. 1
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Totals .
1
Plasterers
1 ,
Pensioners
1
5
1"
139
4"
1
5
1
34
24
19
20
3
4
2
139
25
25
1
PhotDcraDhers
5
1
Painters ....
Printer.s
Peddlers •. . .
2
3
2
3
34
24
19
20
3
4
2
""2.5"
21
36
27
19
Physicians
Pump-makers
Railwav foreLien
2
2
22
3
■ • ■
4
Railway conductors
9
Spinsters
5
5
1
3
144
Sailors
i
3
26
Students
28
Spinners
Sisters of Charity
1
1
1
Soda-water manufacturers
2
2
2
Showmen .
Saddlers .
1
77
2"
83
1
79
83
1
Shoemakers
79
.
1
1
84
Soai i-makers
::.■;::;
Slaters
Station-masters
Soldiers
7
3
2
1
.5
2 '
2"
7
5
2
i
7
7
5
Surveyors
•>
1
Stenocfraphers
1
.^)3
13
1
08
2
121
13
2
Teachf-rs ...
2
2
4
125
13
Tailors
1
1
2
73
1
74
76
Tanners
.0
5
5
WatchmakfTK
1
12
1
3"
1
1
15
1
1
15
1
Wagffon-makers
Wives
44
44
1
i
4
717
7
717
n
761
Unknown or other employments
1
109
12
Total
144
2.')3
3400
3089
r.489
6742
54
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing causes of insanity, for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Number
Instances in which each Cause was
Assigned.
CAUSES OF INSANITY.
In respect of the admissions for the year
ending 30th September, 1890.
As predisposing
cause.
As exciting cause.
As predisposing or
exciting cause
where these could'
not be
distinguished.
3
.2
s
S
6^
.2
s
1
Moral.
Domestic troubles, including loss of relatives
or friends
1
1
I
1
1
""'i'
3
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
4
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
6
2
4
1
5
7
2
1
5
4
1
""3
2
"2
7
11
5
2
6
6
7
2
1
9
4
4
3
1
1
Religious excitement
Adverse circumstances, including business
troubles
IJove affairs, including seduction
'""i'
1
......
I
1
"1
Mental anxiety, " worry "
1
Fright and nervous shocks
3
Physical.
Intemperance in drink
Intemperance, sexual
2
2
Venereal disease
Self -abuse, sexual
3
1
4
1
1
1
Over-work
1
Sunstroke
1
1
Accident or injury
2
2
Pregnancy ...
Puerperal
2
2
'.''.'.'..
7
1
3
1
7
1
3
1
Lactation
3 3
Puberty and change of life
2
••■•2T.:.;..
1
1
Uterine disorders
Brain disease, with general paralysis. . . .
Brain disease, with epilepsy
3
1
4
I
7
3
1
i
1
10
1
. . . .
Other forms of brain disease
Other bodily diseases or disorders, including
old age
7
7
1
1
Fevers
Hereditary.
With other ascertained cause in combination.
4
4
3
7
7
With other combined cause not ascertained .
With other ascertained cause in combination .
With other combined cause not ascertained.
2
30
30
56
2
60
Unknown
11
50
24
35
Total
53
109
77
127
7
10
17
55
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the Probational Discharges and the result thereof.
Reg.
No.
Sex.
Initials.
Date of Probational
Discharge.
Term of Probation.
Result.
6470
6487
F ....
F ...
M . . . .
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
M ....
M . ..
F ....
F ....
F ....
M . .. •.
F . ..
F ....
M ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
M . . . .
E. M. S
A. G
T. G
30th October, 1889
12th November, "
23rd December, "
7th February, 1800
22nd " "
27th " "
27th " "
24th March, "
25th April, "
26th " "
6th May, "
7th " "
10th " "...
10th " "
17th " "
20th " "
2pd June, " ....
3rd " "
25th " "
11th July, "
1st August, " ... .
18th " "
25th " •'
27th " "
28th " "
One month
Discharged.
6468
<<
6594
6907
M. L
C. S
M. E. P
C. S
M. F
W. B. P
J. G
((
64.53
6019
'■
6615
6625
6479
Died at home.
Discharged.
6613
R. S. H
B. S
E. K
L.R
LA
6611
"
6634
6513
6648
Committed suicide 8th
6501
S. D
June at home.
6659
M. G
G.P
<
i °
6631
65 S8
6640
A.M
H. B
C. W
E. M. W....
J. B
Z. B
"
6502
6420
6.006
6666
Two weeks
One month
6522
W.K
SUMMARY OF PEOBATIONAL DISCHARGES.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Number to wlu-m proljiitional leave was granted
9
16
25
Discharged, recoverwl
7
15
1
22
1
" . improved
" unimproved
Died Ijefore expiration of leave
2
2
Returned to iiMjlii'ii
Abwmt on i*rolmtion on 30th September, 1890
9
16
25
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
Shewing in quinquennial periods the ages of those admitted, recovered and died during
the year.
Admitted.
Recovered.
Died.
AGES.
w 1
3
3
Is
!
1
"eS
i
fa
1
.2
S
fs(
"3
o
From 10 to 15 years ....
„ 15 11 20 11
5
9
17
IL
12
14
10
11
6
8
4
13
17
21
12
21
17
12
7
13
3
2
9
22
34
32
24
35
27
23
13
21
7
2
1
3
3
2
2
4
3
3
1
1
1
5
5
3
5
1
5
5
2
1
3
6
8
6
7
3
9
8
5
2
4
1
II 20 1, 25 11 ....
„ 25 ,1 30 11 ....
1, 30 II 35 ,1 ....
11 35 II 40 ,
11 40 M 45
II 45 II 50 11 ....
11 50 11 55 11
„ 55 II 60 .1 ....
„ 60 11 65
.1 65 11 70
,1 70 II 75 II
2
5
3
3
2
4
2
4
1
2
1
4
1
2
2
6
7
5
4
2
3
4
2
1
1
6
6
5
5
8
11
7
8
3
5
„ 75 1. 80 11
2 ' 2
5
,1 80 II 85 II
2
„ 85 11 90
1
„ 90 n 95 1
Unknown
2
2
Totals
109
144
253
1
24
35
59
29
44
73
57
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 18H1
TABLE No. 11.
Shewing the duration of insanity, length of residence and period of treatment, etc.,
during the year ending .30th September, 1890
PERIODS.
Under 1 month
From 1 to 2 months.
2 „ 3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
18 months to 2 years.
2 to 3 years
3 n 4
4
5
0
7
8
9
10
15
6
7
8
9
10
1.0
20
20 y*-arH and uiiwardH.
Nf)t Htatftd
TotalH
o
S S
to S
is
« s i
O 3
O S
o S S
-C'T
-C 3
-a b
J= S.
'C
« t>
-^•O c3
-t; >>
a
•s<^
o'S
o tp^
>>
"3
(0 -0
S cS t-'
^ O 0)
is 2 >.
III
a "-2
C o
ill
2t3 d
d c3
III
'C !> a
00 "^ D
S^2
S fe B
a
ij
p^
PM
Oh
1
47
24
7
6
5
7
2
7
3
26
18
14
5
10
1
1
1
11
16
22
4
2
1
1
2
11
16
4
1
1
11
84
13
6
6
2
2
1
1
6
2
1
1
2
17
14
42
1
1
1
5
10
5
3
23
31
46
17
2
3
1
3
3
6
4
3
4
9
7
38
34
25
15
22
143
3
i
1
1 1
15
87
5
253
790
69
18
12
68
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.
Shewing the nature of employment and the number of days' work performed by
patients during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT.
Carpenter's shop
Tailor's shop
Shoe shop
Engineer's shop
Blacksmith's shop
Mason work
Repairing roads ,
Wood yard and coal shed
Bakery
Laundry
Dairy
Butcher's shop and slaughter house
Piggery
Painting
Farm
Garden ... .
Grounds ,
Stable
Kitchen
Dining rooms
Officers' quarters
Sewing rooms
Knitting
Spinning
Mending
Wards
Halls
Store room
General
Total
of .
<V 01
Days Worked.
Nun
perso
wo
Male.
Female.
Total.
4
1210
612
1210
2
612
1
64
1460
310
620
540
64
4
1460
1
310
2
()20
6
540
15
4000
930
4000
3
930
17
2555
3130
5685
7
2550
1050
2550
4
1050
3
1095
1095
3
700
7756
700
22
7756
8
2504
3756
2504
12
3756
6
2190
2190
16
5840
7300
5840
40
7300
14600
6
739
1095
1825
22
3286
3600
6886
20
6000
6000
38
2400
9000
11400
128
32120
14600
46720
76
14100
14100
28200
8
1460
1460
2920
30
5475
5475
10950
504
106613
65760
172373
59
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6.)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 13.
Shewing the Counties and Districts from which the patients remaining in resi-
dence on the 3Qth Sertember, 1890, were originally received.
COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS.
M.\LES.
Females.
Totals.
\lgoina District
3
1
1
4
1
5
4
Brant
5
1
11
2
1
13
3
1
2
3
3
21
1
1
9
5
3
1
4
6
16
2
1
13
1
1
5
1
2
26
Elgin
4
2
Frontenac
7
4
3
Grey
13
5""
11
8
1
1
2
1
84
1
Halton ;
6
20
13
Kent . .
4
Lambton
2
6
7
Lennox and Addington
3
4
3
1
7
3
1
1
2
15
23
6
10
4
2
Norfolk
2
17
25
6
1
13
8
15
1
32
Ontario
48
Oxford
12
Parry Sound District
1
Peel
14
1
9
4""
27
Perth
9
24
Prescott
1
4
R^'^nfrpw
1
1
2
Stfjrmont
7
2
y
2
16
4
Thunder Bay District .... .... . . . .
Victoria
13
1
1
5
7
1G5
6
7
1
6
13
10
176
5
20
Wate rl oo
2
Welland
7
Weliinfftfin
18
Weiitworth
17
York
341
Not classed, unknown, etc
11
Total
39<J
391
790
GO
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. IBt^l
H S
P-l 2
J. R.
E. S.
TABLE No. 14.
Patients transferred to other Asylums, 1890.
Sfc
X.
fi
O
<
a5
s
i
25
1
58
1
-5 ^
t Q
O
Nationality.
Victoria.
Frontenac
Religious.
Denomination.
cj
<D
Tl
0)
be
'c
i
r/7
§
o
::.)
Sii
^
"^
O
c
!-( CO P ^
2 ■•? ^
Q,P^
Ph § O
OOCIAL
State.
=^ J?
'"* ^ ?■'
o !^ 2
>• c ''^
S si 02
2 « =
H cu '*'
^ :^
Asylum
tkansfekred
TO,
none.
Servant.
Hamilton.
Kingston.
TABLE No. 1^
Shewing articles made and repaired in Sewing Rooms during the year ending
30th September, 1890.
Female Depaktment.
Aprons
Bolster Cases .
Crumb Cloth.
Curtains
Dresses
Drawers
Night Gowns.
Pillow Cases .
Petticoats . . . ,
Quilts
Chemises
Stockings, prs
Socks '■
Shirts
Sheeets
Made.
MX
8
1
14
437
29
130
1371
209
231
501
282
687
270
1107
Repair'd,
240
13 LI
200
520
3062
930
984
1980
3076
4553
1056
170
Female Department.
Made,
Table Cloths . .
" Napkins.
Towels, Roller
Dish...
Untidy Suits. . .
Window Blinds
Tailors' Department,
Coats
Trousers
Vests ;
Overcoats
41
244
236
376
16
161
150
162
13
54
Repair'd.
61
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 16.
Shewing articles made and repaired in the Tailor's Shop and Wards during the
year ending 30th September, 1890.
Tailors Shop.
Tweed Coats
Denim "
Corduroy "
Moleskin "
Tweed Trousers
Denim "
Corduroy "
Moleskin "
Tweed Vests
Corduroy "
Braces, prs
Caps
Attendants' Unifobms
Coats
Trousers
Made.
56
4
14
2
103
5
31
2
7
4
16
18
34
34
Repaired .
200
300
100
Re-made.
In Wards.
Cut out for Sewing Room
Mercer Reformatory.
Coats
Trousers
Vests
Hair Mattresses
Boots, jn-s
Shoes and Slippers, prs.
Harness, pieces
59
100
44
62
Made at the Mercer
Reformatory.
Coats
Trousers
Vests
36
36
30
Repaired.
71
68
24
02
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 17.
Return of Farm and Garden produce for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
" Mimico " Branch of Toronto Asylum for Insane.
Apples
Beets (blood) ,
Beans, in pod
" ripe
Carrots
Cucumbers
Cabbage
Citrons and squash
Corn
Quantities.
Cherries
Grapes
Lettuce
Mangolds
Milk
Onions, green
" ripe
Oats
Potatoes
Pease, in pod
" ripe
Parsnips
Parsley
Pears
Plums
Raspberries
Rhubarb
Raddish
iSage, Mint and Savory
Straw
Hay
Turnips
Tomatoes
Western Corn
Total
30 barrels.
200 bushels.
12
8
300
500
1200
100
350 dozen.
46 quarts,
50 pounds.
400 bunches.
80 tons.
2133 gallons.
300 bunches.
20 bushels.
1350
2500
15
150
200 "
100 bunches.
3 barrels.
3 baskets.
20 quarts.
100 bunches.
50
100 "
40 tons.
110 "
500 bushels.
40
50 "
75 dozen.
Rate.
S c.
50
50
00
90
50
2
5
10
10
10
4
3
00
24
3
20
42
50
60
64
50
2
00
00
10
4
3
6 00
10 00
40
69
4 00
18
Value.
75 00
100 00
12 00
15 20
150 00
10 00
6D 00
10 00
35 00
4 60
2 00
12 00
560 00
511 92
9 00
24 00
567 00
1250 00
9 00
96 00
100 00
2 00
21 00
3 00
2
4
2
3
240 00
1100 00
200 00
24 00
200 00
13 50
5427 72
00
00
50
00
63
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 18.
Return of Farm and Garden produce for the year ending SOth September, 1890,
Asylum for Insane, Toronto.
Quantities.
i Rate.
Apples ....
Asparagus .
Artichokes
Beet (blood)
Beans
Corn
Carrots
Cucumbers .
Cauliflowers
Celery
Cabbape
Citrons
Cress
Capsicums ...
Currants
Grapes
Gooseberries
Lettuce
Onions, green
" ripe
Mangolds
Melons
Marjoram
Pease iu pod
Potatoes
Parsnips
Parsley
Radishes
Raspberries
Rhnbarb
Radish, horse
Strawberries
Salsify
Spinach
Sage, Mint and Thyme
Sprout?;, Brussels
Turnips
Tomatoes
Vegetable marrow
Flower seeds
" plants
" bulbs
Wet<tem corn and grasses . . .
P>ggH from hennery
Milk froin dairy
Hogs sold on foot
" killed for consumption
Total
4600 bunches.
4
60 bushels.
45
300
50
50 "
60
790 dozen.
10
450 bushels.
50
2300
2
3175 heads.
8
6500
6
17200
4
340
10
500 bunches.
3
1/2 bushel.
1 50
450 quarts.
10
50 pounds.
4
191 quarts.
10
4600 bunches.
3
692C
2
200 bushels.
1 20
150 tons.
7 00
50
15
10 doz. bunches.
25
28 bushels.
6r
705
58
700
50
250 bunches.
24
1000
4
175 quarts.
10
5050 bunches.
4
80
5
250 quarts.
7
42 bushels.
45
200
40
49 bunches.
2
50 stalks.
25
500 bushels.
40
295
60
380 "
5
5475
8!)0
400 loads,
662 dozen.
1706! t gallons.
103
5270 pounds.
870 = 6140 lbs.
00
18
24
6 75
64
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, LONDON.
October 1st, 1890.
To the Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario ;
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the Nineteenth Annual
Report of this Asylum.
There were in residence at this Asylum on the first day of October, 1889, 908
patients of whom 452 were men and 456 women. In the course of the twelve months
that have since elapsed there have been admitted into the Asylum 145 patients, of whom
71 were men and were 74 women, making the total number of patients under treatment
during the year 1,053 — 523 men and 530 women.
Of these patients 40 have been discharged — 20 men and 20 women ; 45 have died —
24 men and 21 women; 3 men have been written off eloped, and 19 patients — 7 men
and 12 women have been transferred to Toronto Asylum, leaving in residence at present
946 patients — 469 men and 477 women.
Of the 40 patients discharged, 25 — 14 men and 11 women — were discharged recov-
ered ; 11 — 3 men and 8 women — were discharged improved; and 4 — 3 men and 1
woman — were discharged at the request of their friends unimproved.
The number of patients discharged recovered and improved was 36, or 24.82 p. c. of
the admissions.
The average annual recovery rate from the opening of the Asylum down to date,
including those discharged improved, has been 41.18 p. c.
The total number of patients under treatment during the year was 1,053, and the
number of deaths 45, so that the death rate for the year was 4.32.
The deaths were all from natural and unpreventable causes, there being no death
during the year from either homicide, suicide or accident.
The average annual death rate from the opening of the Asylum down to the present
time has been 4.6.
Repairs, Renewals, etc., of the year.
Besides innumerable lesser repairs we have done the following large and important
jobs :—
1. In my last annual report I mentioned that we were at that time (1st Oct., 1889,)
at work converting the old amusement room into an infirmary. In three months from
that time {i. e., by 1st Jan. 1890,) we had completed the work (put in new floors, parti-
tions, steam-heating and plumbing — fitted up bathroom, water-closets, etc., etc.). We
have occupied the said infirmary since 2nd Jan. 1890, and we have found it one of the
best improvements that has ever been made at this Asylum.
2. During last winter we got a scene painter to paint half-a-dozen scenes for the
stage of our new hall. We prepared the scenes for the painter and afterwards set them
up, doing all the carpenter work, gas-fitting, plastering, etc., in connection therewith.
3. We made two large cupboards for the infirmary in which to keep crockery,
linen, etc.
4. It was found necessary, upon the conversion of the old amusement room into an
infirmary, to disuse the garrets above it as sleeping rooms for male employees. To make
a place for these men to sleep we fitted up one of the large new workrooms in the rear
extension of the main Asylum, ground floor, as a bedroom. This room was built and is
needed for a workroom, and I hope that other sleeping accommodation, as elsewhere pro-
posed in this report, will soon be provided for these men.
5 (A.) 05
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 6). A, 1891
5. We fitted up the attic rooms, vacated as above described, for storerooms.
6. The door-frames in the Asylum were none of them securely fastened in place
when the building was put up, they are consequently constantly being driven out of their
places in the wall by the slamming of the door by the patients. This year we have reset
the door-frames in five hails, i. e., the frames of some 40 doors.
7. Early in the year three of our washing machines, which had been in use some
five years, gave out ; we reconstructed these three machines.
8. We made two large cupboards for the stage.
9. Moved a frame building from the lower garden to the new sewage field ; set it up
and fitted it up there.
10. Refitted, in fact reconstructed, seven water-closets and five bathrooms.
11. We have at this Asylum, surrounding our three hundred acres of land, divided
into two farms by a side-road, about five mile of heavy picket fence between seven and
eight feet high. This fence is constantly being lifted by the frost, and constantly tends
to lean over and fall down. Some two miles of this fence was in a falling condition ; last
winter and spring we took down and rebuilt 3,000 feet of the worst of it.
12. We refloored, with three-inch plank, two coal sheds.
13. Reupholstered eighty -five benches, sofas and lounges.
14. We have taken out and put in new all the steam-heating of the east wing of the
main Asylum, and in connection therewith have put on sixteen hundred feet of new base.
15. Fitted up four new steam-kettles in Asylum kitchens.
16. The Public Works Department are in the act, at present, of building a central
boiler house for the main Asylum. I believe this will be a splendid improvement, and
that the saving in wages and fuel resulting therefrom will fully justify it. I shall return
to this subject next year.
17. I have prepared the foundation for a fire-escape in front of the main Asylum,
and expect that it will be put up within the next few weeks.
18. I have also commenced operations with a view to renewing the floor in the base-
ment of the centre of the north building. I hope to report the completion of this job in
my next annual report.
Alterations and Renewals Recommended.
Within the last few years several excellent improvements have been made or are
now making at this Asylum. The chief of the.se are : —
1. 'J'he new sewage disposal system mentioned in my last report, and which has
proved, during fifteen months' experience, an absolute success.
2. The new fire protection system, also described in the same report, and shown
there to be thoroughly efficient.
3. The new central boiler house for the main Asylum, now under construction.
4. The duplicate pump, which is to go in this autumn, is much needed, and will be
a most acceptable addition to the Asylum plane.
5. The new piggery, also, which is to be built within the next few weeks, is greatly
needed, and will be highly appreciated by ourselves, by our neighbours (since we shall no
longer pollute (Jarling's Creek after we get it), and, I have no doubt, by the pigs also,
for their comfort will be considerably increased.
G. No more valuable imj<rovement has ever been made at this Asylum than the
infirmary opened early this year and referred to at more length elsewhere in this report.
7. Nothing could have added more to the plca-sure and comfort of the patients than
the new amusement room, also elsewhere more fully alluded to.
66
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
It might be thouglit that with all these admirable improvements either made or mak-
ing and many others, such as our new kitchen and laundry, which cannot here be entered
into in detail, we would be content, but thankful as we are for them all we are still not
fully satistied, and, indeed, shall not be as long as the Asylum is still capable of being made
in any way more suitable for its purposes, more commodious and comfortable for its
inmates ; and no one living here now is likely to see the time when this will no longer be
the case. I desire to point out the chief directions in which changes for the better may
be made in the immediate future.
1. Our associate dining rooms in the main Asylum are not large enough for the
number of patients who have to take their meals in them — they are, in fact, about as
incommodious as they could well be to answer their purpose at all. The late
Inspector and myself had a plan to build dining rooms (one for each flat in each wing —
six in all) where the old east and west boiler-houses now stand. As these boiler-houses
will never be used again after the present winter, this plan could at once be carried out,
and I trust it will be.
2. We have been terribly cramped ana have been for years, in fact, I may say, since
the Asylum was first opened, and more as time went on and the number of employees
increased, for want of sleeping room for members of the Asylum staff. The urgent need
of additional space for this purpose may be judged of from the fact that in one of the
new workshops under the new amusement hall (a place entirely unsuited for a bedi'oom,
and much needed besides for the purpose for which it was built,) there now sleep four
male night-watches, three stokers, one farm hand and one laundry man. I have sub-
mitted a plan by which this difficulty may be much lessened, if not entirely overcome,
and I trust that this or some equally good scheme may be adopted in the immediate
future.
3. There is nothing more needed at the present time at this Asylum than a Turkish
bath, and I believe that with a very small outlay a sufficiently good one could be pro-
vided. Such an institution could be used to the greatest advantage in the treatment of
many of our patients, especially in the treatment of melancholies. I intend to ask, in
the capital account requisition of this year, for a moderate sum of money for the purpose
of fitting up such a bath, and I trust it will be allowed.
Fire Protection.
Our new fire protection apparatus is in perfect order, and is kept ready for use at a
moment's notice day and night. We have a night stoker and an efficient fire brigade.
We have had several turn outs in the course of the year, of which I may especially
instance one. It was on 1st March, last past, at 1 a.m. The Inspector being at the
asylum that night, he remained up alone in his room until one o'clock ; then, every
other person about the asylum, except the night watches, being in bed, he slipped out to
the engine house and blew the fire whistle.. In exactly five minutes thereafter by his
watch, that is, at 1.05 a.m., the engineer, stokers and other members of the fire brigade
were on hand and water was thrown upon the roof of the main asylum. The Inspector
was satisfied that we had an efficient fire brigade at the London Asylum.
Sewage Disposal.
Our new system of sewage disposal, which went into operation on oth July, 1889
and which was fully described with plates in the report of the Provincial Board of
Health for Ontario for 1888, and mentioned by me in my last annual report, has ever
since been continuously employed from day to day, and has proved an absolute and com-
plete success. Day by day the sewage, to the amount of 50,000 gallons and upwards is
thrown by the powerful centrifugal pump upon the field graded to receive it. Every
day, within a couple of hours thereafter, it sinks into the soil, and as far as we are con-
cerned, that is the last of it. The soil in the bottom of the trenches into which the
sewage is thrown, is no more foul to-day than it was before we began using it for this
67
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6) A. 1891
purpose. No odours rise from the sewage field. The " chemistry of the earth " disposes
day by day of the sewage of our population of eleven hundred persons, and to all appear-
ance it could dispose of much more with the same ease. It is enough to make one feel
^' terrified at the earth, it is that calm and patient — it gives such divine materials to
men and accepts such leavings from them at last."
Restraint and Alcohol.
It is scarcely necessary to say that during the past year neither mechanical restraint
nor alcohol in any form have been used at this asylum. This makes seven years during
which we have used no restraint nor seclusion, and eight years during which we have
used no alcohol nor alcoholic beverage, either in sickness or in health.
Employment of Patients.
The statistical tables give the usual returns as to the employment of patients, and I
have nothing especial to add to these this year. There has been no change in my belief
or policy in this regard during the last twelve months. I still believe that work in
moderation, according to the strength, is about the best thing in the world for either the
sane or the insane man, and as the insane man is debarred by his infirmity from seeking
and performing work of himself, it is the manifest duty of the persons who have him in
charge to find work for him, and to see that in moderation, according to his bodily
strength, he engages in it from day to day.
Amusements during the year.
Especial efforts have been made during the year just ended to provide amusements
for the patients, and those furnished have been more in quantity and better in quality
than during any previous year at this asylum. Our new and really magnificent amuse-
ment hall, 94 by 55 feet in dimensions, has been of the greatest possible service to us in
this regard. It is so commodious, light, cheerful, and so easily accessible that it is a
pleasure to everyone, sane and insane, to go and spend an hour or two in it.
This hall in the course of the past twelve months we have used eighty-five times, and
these eighty-five evenings I have arranged in a tabular form, as under, giving the date,
character of the entertainment, and the number of patients in attendance each evening.
I may say that at the beginning of the season about the same number of patients were
brought out to the hall as had attended amusements in former years, but alter the first
few entertainments we made a special effort to bring from the wards to the hall as great
a number as possible.
68
64 Victoria
Sessional Papers No. 6).
A. 1891
The table given below, then, gives a succinct history of these evening entertainments :-
Date.
October 15, 1889
18,
22,
,. 24.
25,
29,
November 1,
6,
8,
12,
14,
15,
18,
21,
22,
25,
27,
>, 28,
December 3,
I. 5,
6,
1. 9,
10,
11,
12,
M 16,
18,
19,
, 20,
23,
25,
26,
27,
30,
31,
January 2, 1890
4,
I, 8,
10,
17,
23,
28,
29,
30,
31,
February 3,
5,
n 6,
13,
n 14,
17,
19,
„ . 20,
21,
24,
25,
27,
28,
1,
3,
4,
6,
7,
10,
11.
12,
March
Character of Entertainment.
Dance.
Concert by 7th Band
Dance
Abylum Minstrels
Dance
Lecture by Principal Woods
Dance
Lecture by Rev. J. B. Richardson
Dance
Concert, Wm. Gibson et al.
Dance
Concert Harmonica Band . .
Dance
Lecture, Bishop Baldwin . . .
Concert, Balmoral Chofr . . .
Dance
Lecture by A. B. Cox
Dance
Lecture by Rev. Flannery
Dance .
Concert by Roselle Pococke . . .
Dance
Christmas tree
Dance
Concert, John Fairgrieve et al .
Dance
Concert, George B. Sippi et al
Lecture, Rev. Prof. Clark
Young Liberal Minstrels
Lecture, Principal Fowell
w Rev. Ballantine
II E. R. Cameron
Dance
Concert, C. F. Colwell et al
Dance
Lecture, Rev. A. C. Courtice
Dance
Lecture, Rev. J. A. Murray
Dante
Concert, W. Halle ct al
A Farce — Willis and company
Dance
Concert, Mr. Hardy and children
Dance ,
Lecture, Prof. McCallum
Dance
Lecture, Rev. J. G. Scott
Dance
Lecture, Rev. M. J. Tieman
Asylum Minstrels
Lecture, Rev. Dr. Cochrane
Concert and Farce, Harmonica Company.
Dance
Concert by Life Boat Crew.
Lecture, Prof. Bowman . . . .
69
54 \^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
Evcninc: Entortainments. — Continved.
No.
Date.
Character of Entertainment.
Patients
Attending.
68 March 13, 1890.. ' Dance.
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
April
18,
19,
20.
21,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
31,
2
'i
7,
^,
10,
11,
15.
"Kathleen Mavourneen," Mrs. Chadwick et al.
Lecture, Rev. McDonough
Dance
" Betsy Baker," Asylum amateurs
Concert and Farce, Wood et al
Dance
Lecture, Rev. Dr. Burns. .
Dance
Lecture, Principal Woods.
Dance
Concert, Mr. Featherstone ct al
Asylum Minstrels
Lecture, Mr. R. Little
II Rev. E. P. Crawford. .
255
259
257
292
250
258
262
247
264
245
249
258
252
253
242
274
243
254
The leotures mentioned in the above list constitute a new departure in the matter
of amusements at this asylum. To many persons it would seem absurd to attempt to
interest and amuse lunatics in this way. But, though new here, this form of recreation for
the insane has long been in use in other institutions, as for instance in : —
The State Asylum, Norristown, N. J,
Hospital for Insane, Taunton, Mass.
Maryland Hospital for the Insane.
Butler Hospital for the Insane.
Northern Hospital for the Insane, 111.
Dundee Royal Asylum.
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia.
Danvers' Lunatic Hospital.
Utica Asylum, N. Y.
The Ketreat, Hartford, Conn.
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for Insane.
The lecturers secured for the course were, as will be seen by reference to the above
list of amusements, among the best speakers in western Ontario. The lectures were all
on interesting or amusing and popular subjects, as for instance —
" The Yellowstone Park."
"A Trip through England."
" Wanderings of Ulysses."
"An American Humorist."
"National Characteristics."
" Life in Russia."
" Structure of the Earth."
"Jetty McAuley."
" Great Men."
70
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6) A. 1891
"Across the Rockies."
" Lands of our Fathers."
" The Day we Live In."
" Abraham Lincoln." etc.
I sat on the platform facing the audience from beginning to end of every lecture
watching the patients — the audience ; spoke to many of them after the lecture and to
the chief attendants, and attendants asking them how the patients liked the lectures.
My conclusion was that the lectures were much more appreciated than almost any one
would expect, that in fact, many of the patients liked the lectures fully as well, or better
than the plays and concerts, and that an occasional lecture is as much appreciated and
does as much good as any other form of entertainment. The simple fact is that if it is
desired to amuse and interest a large body of people the great thing needed is endless
variety of amusements. If patients were treated to a lecture every night for a whole
winter they would of course, before spring, di-ead and detest the whole business just as
sane people would. But a play or a concert or a dance every evening would have the
same effect. Lectures given at proper intervals, on proper subjects by good speakers are
just as acceptable to, and in every way as desirable for the amusement of the patients as
are dances, plays or concerts.
The total number of entertainments given in the amusement hall during the season
was eighty-five, and the total attendance of patients at them, 21,578. The average
attendance was therefore within a fraction of 254. The average number of patients in
residence during the same time was less than 900, so that a little over twenty-eight per
cent, of all our patients attended these entertainments.
Besides the eighty-five dances, lectures, concerts and minstrel shows above enumer-
ated we have had as usual cards, draughts, dominos, chess, bagatelle, billiards, back-
gammon, music, walking in the grounds, cricket, croquet.
We have had also our usual summer evening band concerts on the lawn in front of
the main asylum. We had no sjeigh-driving last winter for there was no snow, but we
sent the ordinary number of patients (nearly a hundred) to the Fair the week before last,
and we owe the managers of the Western Fair hearty thanks for admitting all patients
free of charge.
Then to finish the year we had on the 11th Sept., our third "Grand Annual
Athletic Sports," at which many prizes, some of considerable value were given. Both
patients and employees took part in the contests. Many visitors from the city assisted
as judges and spectators. Many hundred patients were on the grou.nd. The interest
taken in the various contests was very great and altogether the occasion was a pro-
nounced success.
The programme of contests and prizes was as follows :
1. Race for boys, 15 years and under, 1st, writing desk ; 2nd, silk handkerchief ;
3rd, tie.
2. Race for boys, 12 years and under, 1st, brush and comb ; 2nd, knife; 3rd, knife,
3. Race for boys, 9 years and under, 1st, a game ; 2nd, mouth organ ; 3rd, knife.
4. Race for girls, 13 years and under, 1st, pair slippers; 2nd, perfume bottle ; 3rd,
jewel case ; 4th, book.
5. Race for girls, 10 years and under, 1st, basket of fruit ; 2nd, book ; 3rd, bottle
of perfume ; 4th, bottle of perfume.
6. Three-legged race for boys, 1st, knife ; 2nd, knife; 3rd, knife.
7. Race for male patients, 200 yards, 1st, Cardigan jacket ; 2nd, concertina ; 3rd,
violin.
71
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6. A. 1891
8. Race for female patients, 75 yards, 1st, hood ; 2nd, silk handkerchief ; 3rd, box
candies.
9. Hop, step and jump, open to all, 1st, silver medal ; 2nd, razors and case ; 3rd
silk handkerchief.
10. Race for unmarried employees, 100 yards handicap, 1st, silk umbrella ; 2nd,
hat ; 3rd, inkstand ; -Ith, combination table.
11. Vaulting with pole, open to all, 1st, rocking chair; 2nd, pocket knife ; 3rd, pair
glove*.
12. Race for married employees, 100 yards, 1st, centre table; 2nd, pair carvers;
3rd, half dozen knives ; 4th, lamp.
13. Throwing light hammer, 1st, hat ; 2nd, shirt; 3rd, hat.
1-4. Race for female employees, 100 yards, 1st, rocking chair ; 2nd, album; 3rd, odor
case.
15. Sack race, 100 yards, 1st, pair boots ; 2nd, tin of marmalade ; 3rd, inkstand.
16. Putting the stone, 1st, club bag ; 2nd, hat ; 3rd, knife.
17. Orange and spoon race, for female employees, 100 yards, 1st, shawl and hand
mirror : 2nd, lady's slippers ; 3rd, purse ; 4th mirror.
18. Running high jump, 1st, silver medal ; 2nd, comb and brush ; 3rd, pipe.
19. Half mile race, open to all, 1st, silver medal; 2nd, silk umbrella; 3rd, stereo-
scope and views.
20. Hitch and kick, Ist, silver napkin ring; 2nd, brush and comb ; 3rd, pipe.
21. Wheelbarrow race, 1st, tin of preserves; 2nd, tin of tobacco; 3rd, clothes
brush.
22. Obstacle race, 1st, rubber coat; 2nd, pair of vases; 3rd, inkstand.
23. Race for female patients, 50 yards, 1st, pair slippe.is ; 2nd, hood ; 3rd, porcelain
pot of tea ; 4th, box of candies.
24. Boot race, open to all, 1st, caddy of tea ; 2nd, pair slippers ; 3rd, muffler.
25. Candle race, 1st, fur cap ; 2nd, hair brush and comb ; 3rd, bottle perfume.
2G. Three-legged race, 75 yards, 1st, lamp and bird cage; 2nd, two pipes ; 3rd, two
bottles perfume.
27. Eating bun, 1st, pair vases ; 2nd, basket fruit ; 3rd, pair gloves.
28. Race for male employees, 40 years and over, 100 yards, 1st, box cigars ; 2nd,
walking cane.
29. Climbing greasy pole, prize a pig.
30. Tug of war, between Infantry School and Asylum, winning team $10,captain of
winning team will be presented with silver medal.
The following gentlemen kindly acted as judges, viz. :
Mayor Taylor, Col. Smith, Oapt. Young, Hon. Ool. Aylmer, Col. Tracy, Geo. Robin-
son, C. S. Hyman, John Marshall, John Fairgrieve, George M. Reid, W, J. Reid.
The committee of management was composed of :
Dr. Bucke, Dr. Beemer, Dr. Ross, Dr. Barber, Dr. Sippi, George Rennie, George
Angus, George Thurling, Richard Heighway, Allan McConnell.
72
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A 1891
The following firms in the city of London, generously donated prizes
Robinson, Little & Go.
A. E. Pavey & Co.
Struthers, Anderson & Co.
J. Marshall & Oo.
Marshall Bros.
Elliott Bros.
M. Masuret.
Jas. Cowan &. Co.
Jas. Reid ct Co.
A, Westman & Oo.
R. Lewis.
W. T. Strong.
J. G. Shufi.
Cairncross & Lawrence.
Stevens, Glass & Clarke.
W. S. Barkwell.
C. F. Colwell.
Wm. Stevely & Son.
G. Marshall & Co.
Hinton, Mills, Mfg. Oo.
D. Perrin & Co.
J. P. O'Higgins & Co.
H. McKenna.
J. Darch & Son.
A. M. Hamilton.
J. Green &, Co.
J. I. Anderson & Oo.
George Heaman.
P. Birtwhistle.
J. Jones.
Wm. Allister.
Reid, Bros. & Oo.
Advertiser Printing Co.
T. Gillean.
I. Brock.
W. J. Craig.
J. Burns & Son.
W. L. Graham.
J. <k D. Ross,
0. J. Wall.
A. D. Cameron & Son.
John Ferguson & Sons.
Thomas Bryan & Oo.
N. F. Yeo.
G. &J. B. Cairncross.
E. Beltz.
D. Regan.
Ashplant & Tanton.
A Sharp.
C. Hyman.
Col. Tracy.
Atkins.
W. Tanton.
Thos. Gilean.
F. W. Schwindimann.
W. Barnard and others.
We are greatly obliged to these gentlemen for their liberality, and can assure them
that it is highly appreciated and that it was exercised in a good cause.
' Musical Matters.
On 18th. November, 1889 ,we organized a patients' band, and since that date a greater
or less number of patients have been constantly under instruction. The whole number
taught by the bandmaster has been eighteen. Of this number six have recovered and
left the asylum, they being among the most advanced pupils in the band. In spite of
this loss, however the patients who still remain are of considerable value to us from a
musical point ef view, and we hope as time goes on to strengthen our present brass band
with other patients.
At the present date ten patients and eleven employees play regularly in this band,
which furnishes music upon lecture evenings, before and after the lectures, and at other
entertainments ; gives weekly concerts on the front lawn during the summer months and
plays at cricket and baseball matches, and at our athletic sports.
The asylum orchestra is composed of fourteen employees, under the leadership of Dr.
Sippi, the bursar. The orchestra furnishes music for the bi-weekly dances and for
minstrel and other entertainments.
The chapel choir is under the exceedingly able leadership of Dr. Sippi, and has
become really a credit to the institution.
It is only just to state in this place that Dr. Sippi's assistance in musical matters at
this asylum has been and is simply invaluable to the institution. He gives a great deal
of time and I need hardly say still more special ability to this branch of che asylum
management, and for none of this labor does he receive any pay or reward. For his
kindness and generosity in this matter the asylum is under deep obligation to him, and the
very least I can do is to acknowledge our indebtedness in this place.
Religious Services,
Throughout the year we have had as usual, Protestant service in our chapel at 9
o'clock every Sunday morning and Catholic service every second Sunday at 3 o'clock in
the afternoon. The number of patients who attend these services from Sunday to Sunday
varies from 410 to 430. We are deeply indebted to the clergymen of the city of London,
73
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
of all denominations for holding these services, as they do, from week to week, entirely
without pay or reward, and I can assure them that their charitable work here is deeply
appreciated by myself and the asylum staff, and still more by the patients, nearly all of
whom, but for their kindness would be entirely deprived of this great source of comfort, a
comfort which is perhaps more appreciated by them than by the av6rage sane person.
Infirmary.
In my last years' report I mentioned that we were at that time engaged converting
the old amusement room into an infirmary. We completed the work by the end of De •.,
1S89, and on 2nd Jan., 1890, we began moving in patients. No more valuable improve-
ment has ever been made at this asylum than the one now under consideration. These
light, airy, commodious rooms, with their excellent staff of attendants, presided over by a
trained nurse, have been a comfort to the medical staff, who have now some chance to
look after their sick patients properly ; to the ordinary attendants throughout the house,
who are relieved of duties for the proper performance of which they had neither facilities
nor training ; and above all, to the sick people themselves, who are now constantly and
efficiently looked after, nursed and attended as hitherto they neither were nor could be.
From the time the infirmary was opened I have kept it fnll of patients. If there
were not eneugh of people in the house really sick to fill it (its capacity is twenty men
and twenty women), I send to it the most feeble patients we have, and upon the occur-
rence of a new case of sickness some one in the infirmary who least needs nursing is
drafted out to make room. The use made of the infirmary from 2nd January to the
present time will be made clear by the following figures : — 76 men have occupied beds
therein. 10 of these have died. 62 women have been cared for, 9 of whom have died.
La Grippe.
Early in the j'ear the epidemic of influenza, commonly known by its French name
La Grippe, visited us. All January, February, and part of March it stayed with us.
Of some two hundred sane persons about the Asylum, scarcely one escaped an attack,
and of nine hundred patients very few entirely escaped, though many had it in a very
mild form. Fortunately we had no death from the epidemic though several of its victims
were for a time at death's door. For several days two of the medical staff were confined
to bed, while Dr. Beemer and myself both more than half sick had to do the work as well
as we could. Of sixteen male attendants in west wing of the main asylum nine were in
bed at once, several days in succession, and no help could be obtained from other parts
of the institution for these were very little better off. Altogether, it was one of the most
trying times through which I have ever passed, and 1 trust it will be long before I have
such another experience.
Lectures to Students.
I gave the usual course of twenty lectures on insanity to the graduating class of the
medical students of the Western University. This course embraced a description of
every form of mental alienation and was illustrated throughout by cases taken from the
various halls of this asylum.
Officers and Emploijees,
In my last Annual Report I said there had been no changes in the personnel of the
staff during that y^ar. This was a mistatement a.s Dr. Robinson had gone to Kingston
Asylum on .'iOth April, 1889 and had been succeeded by Dr. R. M. Fairchikl. We had
therefore on the Asyhim stall a year ago, Drs. Beemer, Fairchild and Forster. Of these
Dr. Beomei- still remains. Dr. Fairchild resigned to return to private practic(!, 1st July,
1890, and Dr. Forster was promoted to Kingston Asylum, ir)th D(!C<'mbt;r, 1889. In the
place of Dr. Forster, I)r. IJarber was appointc^d, and to (ill th(( vacancy made by the
resignation of Dr. Faircliild, Dr. Ross was promoted from the Hamilton to the London
Asylum on 2l8t July, 1890.
74
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
For some time before Dr. Fairchikl resigned, he had been in very indifferent health,
so that I have been somewhat shorthanded part of this last year, but it gives nie pleasure
to say that the zeal and industry of Drs. Beemer and Barber have been such that I have
felt this deficiency much less than might have been expected. Dr. Ross has been with
me now over two months, and is an excellent officer, so that at present I feel myself very
fortunate in my assistants.
Among the attendants and servants there have been less than the usual number of
changes, and these have occurred in the usual manner except in one case. The especial
case alluded to was that of a dining-room girl who was discharged for theft. Many small
sums of money had been lost by attendants and others and it was known for certain that
some one in the house had stolen them. I was at last able to bring a certain theft home
to the girl in question. I caused her to return the money stolen and then discharged
her. Since that time there has been (as far as I know) no money lost about the institu-
tion.
As to the attendants and employees of the Asylum, speaking in general terms of
them all, I can say that I do not believe there are any honester or better people in tha
country than they are, and during the past year they have done their duty to my entire
satisfaction.
Farm and Garden.
On the whole our crop has been scarcely up to the average this year. Cold rains in
the early ))art of the season materially injured our potato crop, one of the most important
with us. Tree fruits in our orchard, as generally throughout this part of the country,
for some unknown reason, were an almost complete failvire. Small fruits were a good
crop and our vegetables and flowers of all kinds fully up to the average. Our orna-
mental grounds never looked better than this summer.
The yield of the farm w as as follows :
Hay 125 tons.
Straw 20 "
Corn fodder 72 "
Green fodder 360 loads.
Oats 510 bush.
Potatoes 3,650 "
Eoots 2,700 "
Milk 100,836 quarts.
Cream 432 "
Pork 18,459 pounds.
In the garden we had vegetables as follows :
Asparagus 1,724 bunches.
Beans 64 bushels.
Beets 1,580 bunches.
do 625 bushels.
Brussel sprouts 250 stalks.
Cabbage 21,250 heads.
do' red 210 "
Cauliflower 2,046 "
Carrots 6,330 bunches.
930 bushels.
Celery 9,400 sticks.
Sweet Corn 1,448 dozen.
Cucumbers 498 "
do pickling 720 quarts.
Horse radish 200 bunches.
Kale 1,250 heads.
75
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Garden Vegetables : — Con.
Lettuce, forced 163 dozen.
do garden 1,190 "
Onions, green 5,1 60 bunches.
do dried 328 bushels.
do pickling 41 J "
Parsnips 740 "
Peas 87 "
Rhubarb, forced 247 bunches.
do garden 2,115 "
Radish, forced 818 "
" garden 3,860 "
Salsify 1,650
Sea kale beet 171 bushels.
Spinach 126 "
Squash, Marrow and Pumpkin. . . . 6,924
Peppers 78 dozen.
Turnips 132 bushels.
Tomatoes 413 "
Of fruit we had :
Crab apples 43 bushels.
Cooking apples ... 6 "
Cherries 24 quarts.
Currants, red 2,350 "
do white 323 "
do black 970 "
Gooseberries 4,960 "
Grapes 600 pounds.
Melons, musk 2,1 36
" water 844
" citron 72
Raspberries 3,156 quarts.
Strawberries 1,130 "
Plums 152
Pears 294 pecks.
Herbs :
Summer savory 700 bunches.
Sage 500 "
Thyme 150
Mint 250 "
Parsley 300 "
Of plants grown for winter flowering and decorative purposes we had 3,557 ; of plants
raised in the green-houses for bedding purposes, 36,496 ; of annuals raised un(1er glass,
14,060 ; from onr own nursery we planted out 92 native soft maple, 535 Norway maple,
120 Norway spruce, 113 Austrian pine, 250 blackberry bushes, 15,000 strawberry plants.
I have the honor to be. Sir,
Your obedient servant,
R. M. BUCKE,
Medical Superintendent.
76
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
ANNUAL STATISTICAL EEPORT.
Of the operations of the Asylum for Insane, London, for the year ending 30th
September, 1890.
TABLE No. 1.
Shewing movements of Patients in the Asylum for the official year ending 30th
September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total.
jReiBainiDg, October 1st, 1889
452
71
456
74
908
Admitted during year : —
By Lieutenant-Governor's Warrant
*' Medical Certificate
30
41
33
41
63
82
145
523
54
530
53
1053
Discharges during year : —
14
3
3
11
8
1
25
11
4
" improved
" unimproved
Total number of discharges during year
t
Died
20
24
3
7
20
21
12
40
45
3
19
Eloped
Transferred
107
469
477
946
603
455
50
62
567
323
7
80
1170
778
57
142
Total number admitted since opening of Asylum. . .
' ' discharged
1639
1170
469
1454
977
477
3098
" died
" eloped
" remaining, 30th Sept., 1890
2147
3
7
10
946
No. of applications on file 30th Sept., 1890
77
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 2.
Shewing the maximum and minimum number of patients resident in the Asylum,
the total number of days' stay of patients, and the daily average number of
patients in the Asylum, from the 1st October, 1889, to SOth September, 1890.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Maximum number of patients in residence (on the 10th of Sept.). . .
Minimum " " " (on 5th of February) .. .
Collective days' stay of all patients in residence during year
Daily average population
474
447
167531
460
47S
459
169309
465
952
906
336840'
925
Admissions of
Ykae.
Total Admissions since
Opening.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Total.
Social State.
35
46
2
26
81
2
62
630
49
881
8
■
781
72
526
1
1411
121
1407
9
1492'
123
Single
Not reported
36
1469
9'
71
74
145
Total
1568
1380
2948
3093
Religion.
19
6
21
3
1
10
20
9
25
3
'""ll
1
39
15
46
6
1
21
1
,341
332
314
113
18
257
4
8
24
65
92
1568
311
257
309
109
7
265
2
8
58
54
652
589
623
222
25
522
4
10
32
123
146
691
Episcopalians
Methodists
604
669
Baptists
228
26
Roman Catholics
543
5
10
32
Other denominations
8
3
2
3
10
6
133
Not reported
152
Total
71
74
145
1380
2948
402
636
298
1418
114
85
95
2948
3093
Nationalities.
8
7
6
50
7
9
6
48
2
2
15
16
11
98
2
3
236
244
161
756
72
41
58
166
292
137
662
42
44
37
417
550
Scotch
304
1516
116
1
88
95
71
74
145
Total
1568
1380
3093
78
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 3.
Shewing the Counties from which patients have been admitted up to 30th
September, 1890.
Admitted During Year.
Total Admissions.
COUNTIES.
1
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total,
Algoma District
5
38
104
4
2
33
78
7
7
" lo"
1
7
1
17
71
Bruce
182
11
Dutferin
Klgin
Essex
Frontenac
4
3
4
7
• 8
10
96
74
5
10
22
10
5
132
95
167
3
95
74
7
12
23
7
8
138
117
111
3
5
1
6
317
191
148
12
Grey
22
Haldimand
45
HaltoQ
17
Hastings
13
Huron
3
9
12
9
7
5
12
16
17
270
212
Lambton
278
Lanark
6
5
Lennox and Addington
3
10
360
4
Lincoln ...
16
Middlesex
17
22
39
677
Muskoka District
Norfolk
30
14
6
149
4
114
1
2
1
34
10
13
97
5
87
5
3
1
64
Northumberland and Durham
24
Ontario
19
Oxford
10
5
15
246
Peel
9
Perth
3
10
201
P eterborough
6
Prescott and Russel
Prince Edward
5
2
Renfrew
Simcoa
13
5
12
33
8
20
11
46
25
2
21
5
14
21
6
15
17
46
10
34
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
10
Victoria
26
Waterloo
54
Welland
14
Wellington
35
Wentworth
28
York
92
Not classed
35
Thunder Bay
2
Total admissions
71
74
145
1639
1454
1
3093
79
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No 4.
Shewing the Counties from which warranted cases have been admitted up to
30th September, 1890.
COUNTIES.
Admitted Duking Year.
Total Admissions
Pkeviocs Years.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Algoma District .
5
20
43
ii"
29
5
31
72
5
Brant
31
Bruce
6
4
10
82
........
Elsrin
40
11
24
1
7
3
3
5
37
13
37
1
45
64
1
16
13
10
7
99
44
125
1
45
Essex
1
5
6
70
1
Grey
9
10
7
2
62
31
88
16
Haldimand . . . . .
13
Halton
10
Hastings
7
1
3
5
4
4
3
5
7
8
104
Kent
51
Lambton
133
1
Leeds and Grenville
Lennox and Addington
1
8
92
i"
68
1
9
160
1
Lincoln
9
6
10
IG
176
Norfolk
21
4
1
11
2
.5
32
6
6
93
7
68
6
2
1
32
6
6
Oxford
7
2
9
67 1 26
102
Peel
3
49
1
1
4
19
5
1
1
7
Perth
1
1
2
70
6
2
Prince Edward
1
5
1
9
17
3
13
6
28
1
8
9"
8
4
11
9
25
13
1
18
26
7
24
15
53
1
13
1
Victoria
18
25
Welland
7
24
^Ventworth
15
York
63
Not classed
1
30
Total admissions
33
63
682
399
1081
1144
80
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing the nature of employment and the number of day's work performed by
patients during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
No.
Initials.
A. McL
E. E ...
W. C . . .
L. V . . .
0,.P. H.
E. C. B .
S. B . . . .
M. r....
H. McL.
R. M . . .
F. L . . . .
C. H. R.
J. A. . , .
T. B . . . .
W H...
R. M . . .
M. H . . .
H. W. C
L. J. T. .
N.R .
E C. M.
R. H . . .
T. K . . .
T. W . . .
E. Q. .
J. McN.
W. E . . .
L. Q . . . .
J. W. T
J. D . . . .
N. C . . .
A. B. S
J. L . . . .
T. K . . .
R. E...
R. K . . .
J. R ...
E. T . . . .
S. M . . .
G. B . . .
Sex.
When Admitted.
M.
F .
M.
M.
M.
F.
V .
F .
M.
F .
F .
M.
F.
F .
M.
F
F .
M.
F .
F
F
M.
M.
M.
F.
M.
M.
F.
M.
F
F .
M,
M.
M.
F
M.
M.
M.
M.
F.
5th
9th
17th
12th
8th
5th
11th
7th
15th
23rd
5th
10th
13th
30th
12th
12th
22nd
13th
3rd
24th
2l8t
26th
10th
30th
7th
9th
25th
23rd
28th
28th
1st
26th
31th
9th
21st
18th
nth
25th
21st
9th
April, 1888....
1889....
September, " . . . .
November, 1888....
October, 1889....
September, 1888....
1878....
1887...
1880....
November, 1870..-. .
December 1871. . . .
October, 1888....
November, 1889
September, "
June,
1887.
1890.
1889.
1889.
1888.
1890.
1889.
October,
March,
March,
January,
October,
January,
July,
February, 1890...
May, 1887...
July, 1881 . . .
April, 1890...
August, 1888...
December, 1889...
August, 1888...
November, 1889...
June,
April,
March,
May,
October,
April,
When Discharged.
Remarks.
1888
1889
1890 r2th
1887 15th
1889 21st
1890 20th
f^'ebruary, 1890 |29th
September, 1888 i29th
November, 1883 29l,h
October, 1889 30th
31st October, 1889.
9th November,
20th
21st
23rd
30th December,
3rd January, 1890.
3rd February,
5th
5th
12th
3rd March
13th
17th
19th
21st
7th April,
22nd
23rd May,
2nd June,
10th "
28th "
3rd July,
3rd "
10th "
28th "
30th "
30th "
6th August,
30th •'
12th September,
12th
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
ti A).
81
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. G.
Shewing age, length of residence, and proximate cause of death of those who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
'
1
Residence
IN
Initials.
Sex.
Age.
Date of Death.
Abtlum,
Proximate cause
of Death.
(4
J
^
F
o
1
M. S
33
9th October, 1889..
.
6
21
Marasmus.
2
M. B
F
54
8th November, " . .
6
2
28
"
3
T. R
M
22
12th " " .
1
2
23
Pneumonia.
4
M. McN . .
F
94
18th " " ..
18
11
26
Senile Decay.
5
M. N
F
69
18th December, " . .
7
1
28
Marasmus.
6
A. McM..
M
54
2nd January, 1890. .
3
4
12
"
7
A. Mel . . .
F
35
20th " " ..
4
11
22
Epilepsy.
i?
H. A
M
56
20th " " ..
12
8
10
Marasmus.
9
F. McD...
M
21
24th " " ..
3
27
Ex. of ac. Melancholia.
10
T. D
M
47
27th • " " . .
i2
1
1
Multiple Abscess.
11
J. H
F
68
27th " " ..
19
2
9
Senile Decay.
12
K. G
F
22
28th " " ..
1
5
5
Phthisi.=!.
13
J. McG . .
M
65
2nd February, " . .
2
2
23
Exh. of Melancholia.
14
R.'*V ....
F
64
3rd " " ..
19
2
11
Senile Decay.
15
D. F
M
42
1st March, " . .
1
6
6
Marasmus.
16
A. K
F
54
4th " " ..
17
5
6
Carcinoma.
17
G. S. McL.
M
52
5th " " ..
1
4
5
Cerebral Softening.
18
T. H ...
F
48
5th " " ..
16
6
8
Marasmus.
19
J.D.B....
M......
68
17th " " ..
14
11
17
Pneumonia.
20
S. P
M
55
24th " " ..
9
1
6
"
21
C. L
F
81
27th " " ..
19
4
4
Senile Decay,
22
M.V..
F
66
28th " " ..
19
4
5
Marasmus.
23
J. P
M
56
25th April, " ..
13
22
"
24
P. C. Y . .
M
60
4th May, " ..
3
7
9
General Paresis.
25
J. C
M
58
6th •' " ..
8
1
13
Epilepsy.
26
A. K
E. 0. N...
F
F
65
61
21st " " ..
21
28
Exhaustion of Mania
27
2nd June, " . .
3
Marasmus.
28
G. G
M
33
LSth " " ..
2
10
18
Typhoid Fever.
29
J. McQ . .
F
78
17th " " ..
15
9
8
Senile Decay.
30
M. 0. B...
F
50
22nd " " ..
4
8
7
Heart Disease.
31
A.H
F
32
28th " " ..
1
7
7
Ei)ilepsy.
32
M. R
F
52
10th July, " . .
12
3
25
Phthif-is.
33
J. F
M
53
14th " " ..
1
26
Paresis.
34
M. A. G . .
F
33
17th " " ..
13
9
22
Epile))sy.
35
E. J. McN.
F
29
ISth " " ..
5
28
Exhaustion of Mania
36
G. McI . . .
M
60
20th " '^ ..
7
2
15
Ei)ilepsy.
37
J. H
M
46
25th " " ..
12
9
16
Phthisis.
3«
P. D. L . .
M
67
2Hth " " .
1
11
1
Peritonitis.
39
A.N ....
F
53
1st August, " .
19
8
9
Senile Decay.
40
N. B
M
54
6th " " .
18
3
2
Paresis.
41
J. G
M .. ..
64
3rd September, " .
19
1
6
Pyloric Stricture.
Marasmus.
42
J. C . ...
M
58
6th " " .
8
3
20
43
J. N
M
47
17th
19
9
25
Phthisis.
44
.T. B. R . . .
M
51
2l8t
19
9
29
Dysentery.
45
R. F
M
35
25th " " .
1
3
14
General Paresis.
82
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 18t^l
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND |
DuKiNG THE Year.
During Former Years
OCCUPATIONS.
Males. Females
Total.
Males. ]
Females
Total.
6
Total.
Agents
1
6
6
Architects
Actuaries
Actors
Artists
4
4
3
8
22
2
2
4
4
3 1
4
Bakers
2
2
6
8 8
22 99
Brass-finisiiers .
2
2
2
2
Builders
Barbers .
3
2
2
2
2
Broom-makers .
9
Barristers
Bookbinders
Brickmakers . . . ,
Bridge-tenders
Brakesmen
1
2
9
1
2
9
1
9
9
Consuls
Confectioners
2
11
46
31
1
1
2
11
46
31
1
1
9
11
47
31
1
1
Carpenters
1
1
Clerks
f Iirri a|i^e-in akfir«
Cooks
Carders
Captains of steamboats
Cigarmakers
Custom house officers
1 ■ 2
2
2
Coppersmiths
Coachmen
1
1
1
Clock cleaners
.
Carters
Dyers
1
4
'"igo"
13
1
194
13
1
204
13
Domestic servants, all kinds
I>res8makers
10
io
1
Detectives
Druggists
3
3
3
Dentists
Doctors
I'jDgineers
8
8
8
Editors
Engravers
83
6-4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 1 .—Qontinued.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
OCCUPATIONS.
DoBiNG THE Year.
During
Former Years.
Males.
Females
Total.
i
Males .
Females!
Total.
Total.
33
33
.573
O
1
2
9
l"
582
3
1
2
1
9
615
3
1
2
1
9
9
1
2
.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
i"
'"so?"
3
807
1
3
56
56
863
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
13
13
410
a"
10
11
410
3
10
1
2
11
8
8
1
9
8
29
423
3
10
1
2
]
1
i
1
3
11
8
8
1
i)
8
29
8
2
2
10
1
IVTilliTrt
9
2
1
1
2
1
1
10
30
1
1
1
7
1
1
23
2
1
30
2
1
1
2
3
33
1
20
i
23
1 2
1
1
1
3
1
2
24
2
Other occuiiationH
84
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.— Continued.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
During the Year.
During Former Years.
OCCUPATIONS.
Males .
Females
Total.
Males .
Females
Total.
Total.
4
4
4
6
i"
4
4
4
6
17
10
4
6
4
4
4
6
2
1
2
]
17
10
3
6
19
11
4
6
1
1
1
Spinsters
1
1
2
1
8"
22
2
2'
1
"""is"
2
8
22
2
1
1
5
2
4
26
13
1
3
Sailors
2
1
10
23
2
1
1
5
2
4
26
i'
1
1
5
2
Saddlers
1
4
Shoemakers
2
i"
2
1
28
14
1
Slaters
2
1"
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
18
6
8
19
4
10
1"
8
2
28
6
9
27
4
2
1
2
1
2
29
Tinsmiths
8
9
Tailors
27
4
1
7
1
i"
6
103
1
2"
242
2
7
1
2
1
6
346
2
7
Wood-workers
1
1
1
3
W heelwrights
1
1
1
2
1
3
7
Unknown or other employments
348
Total
71
74
145
1568
1380
2948
3093
85
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. (5.)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing causes of insanity for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
\
Nbmbek of Instances in which kach Cause was
Assigned.
CAUSES OF INSANITY.
In respecb of the admissions for the year endiug
30th September, 1890.
As pr'^disposing cause.
As exciting cause.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total.
«
Moral.
Domestic troubles, including loss of relatives or
friends
2
6
5
2
4
3
5
a"
2
1
1
i'
1
1
2
3
G
5
Religious excitement
11
Adverse circumstances, includmg business troubles.
5
Love atfairs, including seduction
5
Mental anxiety, " worry "
G
Lright and nervous shocks
1
Physical.
Intemperance in drink
3
1
4
Intemperance, sexual
1
Venereal disease
1
Self-abuse, sexual
4
1
4
5
Over-work
2
Sunstroke
a
Accident or injury
3
Pregnancy
G
Puerperal
Lactation
4
2
1
4
4
Pubdrty and change of life
2
Uterine disorders
1
Brain disease, with general paralysis
2
2
2
G
Brain disease, with epilepsy
Other forms of brain disease
5
2
1
3
6
Other bodily diseases or disorders, including old aere.
5
r evers
Heeeditahv.
With other ascertained causf in combina' ion
4
•J
7
10
11
lit
CONOKNITAL.
With other combined caune not ascertained
Unknown
58
71
1
55
74
113
1
145
30
30
GO
Total
71
74
145
86
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the Probational Discharges and the result thereof.
1
Reg.
No.
Sex.
M ....
F
F
M ....
F
F
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
F
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
M ....
M ....
M ....
F
M ....
F
M ....
M ....
M ....
F
F
M ....
F
F
M ....
M ....
M . . . .
M ....
F
F
M ....
M ....
F
F
M ....
M ....
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
M ....
F
M ....
F
F
M . . . .
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
M ....
M ....
Initials.
Date of Probational
Discharge.
Term of Probation.
Result.
2879
L. V
L. J. T
N. R
W. H
E. C. B
R. H
R. A. T
M. C
F. B
J. A
H. W. C...
B. C
A. D. S
J. D
E. McD
E. C. M
S. M
J. R
G. H
T. K
R. E
E. T
G. B
E. H
H. K. T
T. W
M. C
E. C
,J. L
October
November
December
t(
January
February
March
C(
April
May
June
July
"
August
Septembei
August
nth, 1889....
6th " ....
19th " ....
9th " ....
12th " ....
23rd " ....
21th " ....
3l8t "
4th, 1890....
7th "
22nd " ....
29th " ....
18th " ....
24th " ....
26th " ....
7th " ....
19th " ....
24th " ....
25th " ....
25th "
25th " ....
25th " ....
29th " ....
31st " ....
7th " ....
15th " ....
15th " ...
19th " ....
20th " ....
22nd " ....
28th " ....
31st "
12th " ....
18th " ....
20th " ....
20th " ....
21st " ....
26th " ....
1st " ....
1st "
2nd " . ..
2nd " ....
5th "
18th " ....
21st " ....
2nd "...
16th " ...-.
21st " ....
22nd " ....
28th " ....
•6th •'....
13th " ....
15th " ....
15th " ...
15th " ....
25th " ....
30th " ....
27th " ....
27th " ....
23rd " ....
26th " ....
3 months
Discharged recovered.
" improved.
2892
6 "
2871
2923
6 "
4 "
" improved.
" improved.
2856
1 "
" improved.
2933
2787
2946
6 "
2 "
3 "
" recovered.
Returned.
2948
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2956
2 "
2904
3 "
"
2935
6 "
Returned.
2913
6 "
Discharged recovered.
2959
6 "
2987
3 "
Returned.
2986
3 "
Discharged recovered.
2333
6 "
^ i<
2992
6 "
"
2718
6 "
Returned.
2991
3 "
Discharged recovered.
2954
6 "
' ' recovered.
2863
2952
6 "
6 "
• • recovered.
" improved.
2943
2924
6 "
6 "
Still out.
2717
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2806
6 "
"
2893
6 "
Still out.
3015
3 "
Discharged recovered.
2965
L. Q
M. McD....
W. E
T. K
J. Mc-V
M. A. E...
S. B
E. C
R. M
T. H. W
E. Q
C. W
J. W. T
W. H
F^ B
E. D
A. K
J. F
3 "
"
2885
6 "
Still out.
2849
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2716
3 "
3016
1 "
«
3013
6 '«
Still out.
2949
2613
2999
6 "
3 "
6 "
Returned.
Still out.
Returned.
2991
6 "
Still out.
1921
1 "
Discharged recovered.
2994
3 "
Still oiit.
2854
1 "
Discharged recovered.
3043
2 "
Returned,
2579
6 "
Still out.
2989
a "
3029
6 "
"
2950
1 "
«'
2049
H. McL
R. B
M. A. S
R. B. H
M. R. .S. B..
J. c
2 "
Returned.
2897
6 "
Still out.
2982
2 "
((
3074
3 "
'<
2934
3 '•
"
2760
6 "
4«
3027
W. D
W. H
S. M
M. W
M. J. K
V. D
J. W
W. G
3 "
<(
3043
3 "
n
1606
2996
6 "
3 "
,,
1887
2937
3 "
3 "
"
3053
3 "
»<
2963
6 "
"
87
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
SUMMARY OF PROBATIONAL DISCHARGES
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
31
30
61
13
1
9
4
22
5
" improved
Returned to Asylum
Absent on probation on 30th September, 1890
5
12
4
13
9
25
88
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
Shewing in quinquennial periods, the ages of those admitted, recovered and died
during the year.
Admitted.
Recovered.
Died.
Ages.
(D
Is
a
o
la
1
o
m
00
g
3
o
From 10 to 15 years . . .
3
8
11
9
9
7
8
7
4
2
3
4
5
10
10
8
7
8
8
3
4
5
1
7
13
21
19
17
14
16
15
7
6
8
1
1
3
4
-, 15 ,. 20 ,-....
2
1
1
1
3
5
5
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
4
4
3
1
1
3
„ 20 ,-25 „ ....
M 25 M 30
„ 30 „ 35
„ 35 „ 40
„ 40 „ 45 „ ....
„ 45 „ 50 M ....
1
2
3
4
1
2
2
3
2
2
5
2
7
1
4
2
1
4
g
.. 50 H 55
„ 55 „ 60 „ ....
1 i
i
1
5
7
6
1
„ 60 M 65
„ 65 ,,70 „ ....
2
2
n 70 „ 75
1
„ 75 ,-80 ,- ....
1
1
„ 80 ,-85 „ ....
1
1
- 85 „ 90
„ 90 „ 95 „ ....
Unknown
1
1
21
Totals
71
74
145
14
11
25
24
45
89
5-1 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 11.
Shewing the duration of insanit}', length of residence and period of treatment
etc., during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
PERIODS.
o
1
_o
§"6
.2t3
ft
Length of residence of those
remaining in Asylum on
30th September.
Periods of treatment of those
who were discharged cured
during the year.
Periods of treatment of those
who were discharged im-
proved during the year.
Periods of treatment of thnse
who were discharged un-
improved during the year.
Under 1 month
20
16
10
10
4
t
16
IS
15
12
10
7
12
10
21
5
3
2
30
IS
57
3i
45
30
39
39
51
41
199
231
1
1
2 II 3 II
1
„ 3 „ 4 II
1
3
3
,, 4 I, 5 II
„ 5 „ 6 II
1
6 II 7 M
?
4
2 •
4
3
„ 7 1, 8 M
3
.1 8 II 9 II
9 ,1 10
10 „ 11 ,1
1
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
1
11 „ 12 „
12 „ 18 II
7
5
14
3
4
4
2
6
2
1
5
5
7
2
1
1
II 18 months to 2 years
1
„ 3 „ 4 „
II 4 II 5 M
5 „ G II
« „ 7 „
1
7 " 8 „
„ 8 II 9 II
0 „ 10 „
1
2
1
,. 10 II 15 II
.. 15 „ 20
Total*
145
946
26
11
4
90
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.
Shewing the nature of employment and the number of day's work performed
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT.
Days Woeked.
Male.
Female.
Carpenter shop
Tailor't) shop
Shoe shop
Engineer's shop
Blacksmith's shop .
Mason work
Repairing roads .
Wood yard and coal shed
Bakery
Laundry . , .
Dairy
Butcher's shop and slaughter house .
Piggery
Painting . . . .
Farm
Garden
Grounds . ,
Stable
Kitchen
Dining rooms
Officers' quarters
Sewing rooms
Knitting ,
Spinning
Mending
Wards
Halls
Storeroom
General
Total
1
2 I
3
4
19
2
4
4
24
28
7
25
29
72
82
2569
305
529
1109
961
1080
1106
1755
391
1294
3895
411
1238
7269
8308
2106
2539
2989
6135
7265
31
9
307
21744
24215
48015
2736
53625
3
162
1094
45138
4233
802
129826
] 24259
91
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 13.
Shewing the Counties and Districts from which the patients remaining in resi-
dence on the 30th September, 1890, were originally received.
COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS.
I
Males.
Females.
Total.
1
1
6
43
1
2
8
33
3
3
Brant
14
76
4
1
3
28
22
3
1
3
32
33
2
6
Elcin
60
Es^eK
55
5
2
6
3
1
6
39
32
41
1
2
2
Grey
4
2
1
4
38
30
60
3
10
5
Halton •
2
10
77
62
101
4
Leeds
2
Lennox and Addinrton .
2
2
Lincoln
Middlesex
5^8
ii4
2i2
Norfolk
2
2
2
35
5
1
4
34
7
Northumberland
3
0
Oxford ...
69
Peel . .
37
4
25
3
1
5
62
3
1
'
1
5
2
5
2
4
Thunder Bay District
3
5
1
1
Ifi""
11
2
9
5
14
1
Wellinfftfjn
i
4
11
3
2
4
Yi,rk
27
1
14
Total
400
477
946
92
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 14.
Patients transferred to other Asylums, 1890.
0)
te
S
O
a
vt-i
O
'S
M.A.L.
A. F...
M.M.E
J. E. . .
M.J.C.
M. A. .
A.E.R.
J. D. . .
S. F . . .
E. R. . .
M. M..
R. F. . .
J. E. . .
J.McG.
J.E.S..
T.R. .
E. E...
H. F. .
H. C. . .
(i5
be
Sex.
a"
o
Si
c
'S
o
"S
§
Nation-
ality.
Religious
Denomina-
tion.
Social
State.
s
1— 1
o
Occupation.
d
i
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
i
CS
O
s
1
" c
o
5
Tc
.a
o
Si
o
1
6
1
'l
1
1
s
.a
1
a
1
c
T3
1
o
o
u
o
■n
'S
Si
1
-6
S
o
c
<:
«
cS
a;
o
t-
o
3
3
Q
1
i
i
'i
i
i
1
1
8
6
i
a;
a
a
Si
S
t
<
1
(O ..
49 ..
47 ..
51 ..
27 ..
60 ..
54
Stormont. . .
Domestic . .
Teacher
None
Servant
Home duties
None
Servant
Laundress . .
Housekeep 'r
Laborer
Farmer
Laborer ....
Farmer ....
Shoemaker. .
Teacher
Laborer ....
9.
Halton
Norfolk ....
Lambton . .
York . ....
Middlesex..
Oxford ....
Brant
Wentworth .
Elgin
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
""i
"i
is
19
9
1
■■
4
6
1
1
3
4
"i
.^
6
7
'i
'i
i
I
i
1
1
1
"i
"i
1
1
1
1
"i
8
9
10
55
47
67
38
1
1
i
i
"i
i
11
York
1
"i
"I
1
1
9
5
5
i7
2
'2
'3
6
'7
11
12
13
14
521.
.. M
49 !m
58 JM
44 M
Huron
Kent
Peel
1
i
i
15
Perth
16
Huron
Elgin
1
1
17
47
31
32
M
M
M
1
1
IS
Middlesex . .
Oxford ....
1
9
3
1
1
3
19
1
6
1
5
6
3
2
10
TABLE No. 15.
Amount of Knitting done in the wards during the year ending September 30th
1890.
Pairs.
!
No.
Stockings
654
108
951
288
263
2264
Collars knitted
5
" refooted
" crotcheted
3
Socks
Cap crocheted
1
' ' refooted
Mitts
Total
Total
9
93
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 15.
Amount of work done in Shoemaker's Shop during the year ending September
, 30th, 1890.
Slippers, canvas
" carpet
" leather
Brogass
Boots, women's
" cloth
Pattens
Total
Pairs.
139
1
1
29
7
1
1
179
Repairs.
1
No.
' Soles
926
' Heels
1097
828
718
TABLE No. 16.
Number of article.? made and repaired in the Tailor's Shop during tb ■ year ending
September 30th, 1890.
Coats, uniform
Pants "
Vests "
Coats
Pants
Vests
Blouses
Made.
Repaired.
1
59
25
63
23
2
1 18
175
16
398
16
40
189
Blouses (pants)
Overalls
Buffalo robes . .
Belts
Bags
Total
Made.
177
Repaired.
60
7
2
919
Coats
Pants
CUT.
219
581
Vests 87
Blouses 137
' (pants) 84
Ov.ralls 22
Dressing gowns 2
Total
1132
94
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 17.
Articles made and repaired in the Sewing Room during the year ending Septem-
ber 30th, 1890.
Made.
Repaired.
Made.
147
1
6
8
9
Repaired.
Dresses
59
14
54
20
61
6
5
2
5
5
6
Tablecloths
10
Aprons
Tablecovers
Dresses (uniform)
14
Tea strainers
Aprons "
Blinds
Collars "
Curtains
Drawers
118
Carriage curtains
t)
Skirts
" valance
1
1
20
4
4
Dressing gowns
Stage curtain
" scenes, flies, wings (sewed)
Cushions
Chemises
Shirts
929
126
1
" flannel
Library books covered
Blankets
Guernseys
6
Nightshirts
13
48
Canvas sheets
4
56
4
1
Shrouds
1 Bags
Socks (pairs of)
2670
1 Mats
1 Towels
Slippers, cloth (pairs of)
21
180
Slipper uppers "
Sheets
Quilts
2
99
89
1
1
Carriage lap robes
13
2
1
12S1
Ticks
266
36
166
27
5
Carpets
2
Pillowslips
Belts
\
Pillowticks
Total
1
4074
Pillows (feather)
TABLE No. 18.
Articles made and repaired in the Wards during the year ending Sept. 30th 1890.
Made.
1
Repaired .
Made.
Repaired.
i
54 1
233
1203
1793
316 !
470
501
67
202
2
8
601
15
3
184
56
20 1
19
2740
1497
3708
1542
2235
191
681
Quilts
467
" (hemmed)
" (canvas)
Blankets
4
11
Dresses ...
22i"'
Skirts . i
tillowslips
1264
605
Pillowticks
2
Chemises
Sheets
" (slip)
1234
83
306
319
25
1757
201
11
12
141
96
9
212
6
238
956
Nightdresses
Ticks
Mattresses
3585
1 Bureau Covers
Neckties and Scarfs ....
Towels
Bands and Bibs
Tablecloths
3
Tablecovers
Tablenapkins
Pudding Cloths
Slippers, cloth (prs. of)
2360
1327
1371
256
81
117
158
61
123
65
Laundry Wraps
Socks " .....
Mats
449
112
Pillows, Hair
Clothes Bags
Guernseys
Baskets
Chairs, reseated, Cane. ....
1
Coats
219
581
S7
137
87
22
33
Pants
" painted and varnished.
54
Vests
1 '■ varnished
84
Blouses
1 Table " '
1
Total
Overalls
13336
22570
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 19.
Number of articles passing through the Laundry during the year ending Sep-
tember 30th, 1890.
Name.
Dresses
Skirts...
Aprons
Pinafores
Chemises
" flannel..
Drawers
Night dresses
Waists
Neckties
Collars
Cutfs, (prs. of) . .
Caps
Handkerchiefs. . . .
Shawls
Bibbs, etc
Gloves, ( prs. of ) .
Stockings, "
Socks
Shirts
" flannel
Guernseys
Coats
Pants
Vests
Blouses
Number.
11447
9420
31202
147
37002
15235
17748
15235
2928
2988
13012
3260
629
10764
9
1411
23
23375
2.'S062
28629
4961
3884
1280
1372
625
531
Name.
Blouses. Pants
Overalls
Blankets
Sheets
Pillowslips
Quilts
" Canvas
Pillowshams
Bolsterslips ,
Ticks
Pillow Ticks
Towels
Bureau Covers
Blinds and Curtains.
Table Covers ,
Table Cloths..
Table Napkins
Tray Cloths
Crumb Cloths
Clothes Bags
Mattresses
Laundry Wraps
Carriage Lap Robes.
Stair Linens
Pudding Cloths
Number,
Total.
353
5
7996
102787
3862
10403
69
155
248
11923
160
59142
869
60
12
12167
5174
138
37
363
12
884
18
34
1849
549899
OG
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
ASYLUM FOR INSANE, KINGSTON, FOR THE YEAR ENDED :;Oth
SEPT. 1890.
OCTOBKR 1st 1890.
To the Inspector of Asylums and Public Charities :
Sir, — In accordance with the statutory requirement I have the honor to subiuiL the
Thirty-tifth Annual Report of this Asylum (the thirteenth since it became a Provincial
institution), for the year ending September 30th, 1890.
Males. Females. Total.
There were in residence on October 1st, 1889 325 357 682
Admitted during the year 52 58 110
Total number under treatment during your . . 377 415 792
Discharged during the year :
Recovered 20 16 36
Improved 3 8 11
Unimproved , 1 2 3
Total 24 20 50
Died during the year 15 28 43
Eloped 6 0 6
Transferred 7 12 19
Remaining in residence Sept. 30th, 1889 325 349 674
Average daily population 329 350 679
Yearly cost per capita, $136,07.
Admissions.
The admissions for the year were 110, 52 males and 58 females, and for the second
time in the asylum history the certificate cases outnumbered the gaol patients. This is
as it should be, but the proportion of patients sent to the gaol is still much too large, larger
than necessity demands, and the woi'st feature of the case is that the majority of those
sent to gaol are chronics who have been kept at home for years. In the interests ot'
humanity, it is to be hoped that the day is not far distant, when the objectionable and
degrading gaol system can be done away with, and patients sent directly to asylums or
temporarily detained in buildings more fitted to the needs of the insane than the cells of
a gaol. It is a notorious fact though, that many people are so thoughtless of the sufier-
ings of their insane relatives, that they willingly send them to gaol rather than incur the
trifling expense required to gain direct admission to the asylum. The majority of those
admitted were, as is the case every year, of the chronic class, and the recovery list is
therefore small.
DiSCUARGES.
Fifty patients were discharged, twenty-four men and twenty-six women, of this
number twenty men and sixteen women were " recovered," eleven " improved," and three
'* unimproved." The percentage of reco\ery on admissions was about thirty-three per cent
7 (A.) 97
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. (3). A. 1891
Deaths.
The death-rate was unusually high, five and one-fourth per cent, of the total number
under treatment. No less than eight of these were owing to old age, and eleven to phthisis.
The spring and winter were especially severe on the aged, and sixteen of those who died
were over sixty years of age. LaGiippe played no unimportant part in swelling the death list-
and this strange disease had a decided influence not only in increasing our death-i-ate, but
also the admission list. One death was the result of accident. William McLeod, a quiet
cottage ]atient, was in the habit of going to the dock, and on December 8th, a foggy day^
walked ofl' the wharf at a spot where the water is but a few inches deep. The patient's-
head struck on a heap of stones and death must have taken place at once. On October
21st, 18S9, a most lamentable occurrence took place at the Regiopolis Brancli Asylum.
Catharine McLaughlin, a quiet patient, who for years had gone about the city as she-
pleased, was found dead beneath her bed-room window, having fallen a distance of forty
feet. Although this woman was not known to be suicidal, still, I have not the slightest
doubt that she deliberately committed suicide. The unguarded windows at Hegiopolis.
have always been a source of deep anxiety to me, and 1 have felt that it was a dangerous
experiment doing without guards in such a lofty building. Two shocking suicides have
teen the result oi unguarded windows, and if Repiopolis is retained for any length of
time I would strongly recommend having wire screens placed on all of the windows.
Catharine McLaughlin's case exemplifies the truth of the conviction that inevitably forces
itself on the mind of the asylum physician, that it is impossible to foresee the develop-
ments of the insane mind, reasoning as it does from insane premises.
Fire Protection.
The disastrous fire at Longue Poiute has brought the question of fire protection)
prominently before us. On the whole, the main asylum is well protected, and every
possible precaution is taken to prevent loss of life and property in case of tire, and as-
each ward has no less than four outlets, it should not be a diliicult matter to empty a
ward in a very few minutes. The appliances for extinguishing tires aie convenient and
extensive. The present pump-house might be rendered much safer if it were isolated from
the laundry. If a tire were to occur in the laundry or carpenter's shop, the pump-house
would become involved in the flames almost at once, and the pum})S rendered useless.
Such an occurrence would of course, put the main asylum in great danger. It would
not require a large appropriation to cover the cost of an isolated pump-house. Kegiopolia
has little to protect it from tire, and the arrangement of the stairs would prove a serious-
matter if fire were to start in the basement. The fire escapes in existence there at
present would not meet the demands of a great emergency, and as the patients in Regio-
polis are of the stupid and demented class, every possible facility should be aflbrded for
rapid egress in case of tire.
Physical Culture.
The drill classes organized last year are still carried on, and decided developments
in the way of physical culture have taken place. The classes have proved of inestimable
value not only as a curative agent, but also in establishing a healthful discipline in the
wards. Some of the classes have become wonderfully proficient. Dumb-bell, bar-bell and
horizontal bar exercises are exten.sively practised, particularly in the wards for males,
and a large class of women is drilled every day in the amuseiTient hall. The results ha\t'
been more satisfactory than was anticipated, and a further development of the ditierent
Bystems of pl)}sical culture a<!oi)ted, will be attempted during the coming year. An
aichehtrone to provide music for marching lias been added to the equipment, and the
piano is extensively used in directing the movements practised by the women.
Training School i'OK Nurseh.
In May the Primary and Final exauiinations ior nursi s in tiaining took place, and six
xiurseu buccetded in bccuring diplcnias. As thehe^irls aie tlie first traintd asyhuu nurses
98
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. (5). A. 1891
graduated in Canada, their position is unique, and their graduation marks the commenceaient
of an era that promises belter things not only for the insane confined in asylums, bub for the
nurses themselves, The change in the morale of the wards since the advent of the-
educated nurse is most striking, and gradually the care of the insane seems to be tending
towards establishment on a scientific basis worthy of the nineteenth century.
Farm.
This year's farming operations have not been successful, in fact, since we were ordered
to give up the extensive system of fertilizing adopted in years past, there has been a
steady decrease in the annual return from the farm. The land is of poor quality, the
crops that we must raise are exhausting to the soil, and unless we return to the former
plan of manuj'ing, results must be poor. Extensive drainage is also required. We have
built a Silo of one hundred tons capacity, and this addition to our resources promises to
be of value. My lemarks of last year, on the subject of cow stables, have, if possible,
even greater force this season, and I trust that the recommendations made for new build-
ings will be acted on at an early date.
Amusements.
As usual, a great deal of attention was devoted to amusements, and we are now so
well equipped that it is possible to get up an entertainment at a moment's notice. A
" musical nurse " was added to the staff, and this employee not only manages the numerous
concerts and socials given, but also takes charge of the women's calisthenics classes,
teaches some of the patients singing, etc. As a result of the training the patients were
able to give several excellent entertainments without the aid of other employees than the
bandmaster and musical nurse.
The brass band is making satisfactory progress, the orchestra steadily improving?
and the minstrel troupe flourishing.
The base ball club established a local reputation, and the patient's team won some
brilliant victories.
For the first time in some years we were without a steam yacht, and the patients-
missed their usual outings on the lake.
Improvements.
Many improvements have taken place during the year, the chief of which are as
follows : —
Complete change in the system of manufactixring gas.
Reconstruction of drying loft in laundry.
Laying of asphelt pavement.
Building of large refrigerator.
Building of silo.
The new gas making apparatus, put in by the Sanitary Gas Co., of Toronto, is-
giving great satisfaction, and we have a beautiful light at a trifling cost.
Death of Inspeotok O'Reilly.
On 10th July, 1&90, Dr. W. T. O'Reilly, Inspector of Asylums, came here on
official business. On the eAcning of July 11th, while watching some of the patients and
tuiplo}ees pia}ing base ball, he had a blitiht upopUctic seizure. A second and more grave-
attack tc'.uirtd a lew hours later, and in twenty-four hours death took place.
99
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 0). A, 1891
The event cast a deep j];looiu over the asyluui comniuuity, as Dr. O'Keilly had many
Avarm friends here, and all knew that he had the welfare of the unfortunate insane deeply
At heart, and did what he could to make their burden easier to bear. He was an ardent
.advocate of anything that promised to better the condition of the insane, and was a
warm supporter of the non-restraint and employment systems. Knowing that death was
likely to come to him suddenly he had frequently expressed a wish that he might die in
iiarness, and this desire was fulfilled.
Occupation.
It was found possible to keep the majority of the patients employed, and to the long
list of occupations we are about to add that of book-binding. This industry promise.s to
interest many of the patients.
Officers and Employkes.
In October, 1889, Miss I. M. Walker, who had been as.sistant luatron here lor
several years, was promoted to the position of matron of the Institution for Deaf and
Dumb, Bellville. ]\Liss Walker had earned her promotion by years of faithful and intelli-
gent work among the insane, and although we rejoiced in her advancement, all felt that
the patients had lost a symi)athetic and sincere friend. Mrs. Martin, of the Agricultural
■College, Guelph, tills the vacancy caused by Miss Walker's promotion. Early in the
year Dr. J. Simpson, second assistant, resigned, and was succeeded by Dr. J. M. Forster,
of London Asylum, and just as Dr. Forster had succeeded in making himself universally
liked, he wa.* promoted to a belter position in Hamilton Asylnm, and was succeeded by
Dr. J. Webster, of Toronto.
Miss H. HoUingwnrth, trained nurse, was appointed Matron of the General and
Marine Hospital, tSt. Catharines, and in December, 1889, was succeeded by Miss G.
•Osborne, of the Toronto Hospital.
On the whole the officers and employees have rendered admirable service and shown
commendable zeal and enthusiasm in the performance of their duties.
I have the honor to be,
8ir,
Your obedient servant,
C. K. CLARKE,
Medical ."^uperintendeut.
100
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. <>).
A. 1891
ANNUAL STATISTICAL KEPORT
Of the opciations of the Asyhim for Insane, Kingston, for the year ending SOtls
September, 1890.
TABLE No. 1.
Shewing movements of patients in the Asyhim for the official year endino,
30th September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
TotaL
i
325
357
G82
Admitted during year : —
By Lieutenant-Governor's Warrant
" Mi'dical Certificate. ..■
33
19
13
45
46
64
52
58
110
377
415
792
Discharges during year : —
20
1
16
8
2
36
11
3
' ' improved
,
Total number of discharges during year
Died •
24
15
G
7
2G
28
12
50
43
6
19
•Kloped
Transferred ....
52
66
lis
Remaining in A.^vhim 30th Sept., 1890
325
349
674
Total number admitted since opening of Asylum
1325
1065
2390
" discharged.
503
3G3
22
112
370
265
81
873
628
22
193
" died .
1
' ' eloped
" transferred
1000
716
1716
" remaining, 30th Sci^tember, 1890. . .
325
349
074
Number of Applications on file, 30th Sept., 1890
18
4
22
1
101
-5i Victoria
Sessional Papers (No 6).
A. 1891
TABLE Xo. 2.
Shewinf^ the maximum and minimum number of patients resident in the As3'lum,
the total number of-.days' stay of patients, and the daily averngc nnmber of
patients in the Asylum, from the 1st October, 1889, to 30th September, 189(t
Male.
Maximum number of patients in residence (on the 13th of Oct., 1889)
Minimum " " " (on the 10th of Feb., 1890)
'Collective days' stay of all patients in residence during year
Daily average population
329
323
120085
329
Female.
361
341
127750
350
Total.
690
664
247835
679
Admissions of
Year.
Total Admissions
SINCE Opening.
1
Male.
15
37
52
Female.
27
31
58
Total.
42
68
110
14
18
28
6
Male.
Female.
Total.
Social State.
^Married and widowed
520
805
1325
546
519
1065
1066
Singlf
1324
Total
2390
Religion".
Presbyterians
4
5
13
4
10
13
15
2
20G
291
220
25 ■
1
429
124
26
177
204
205
27
2
368
C>7
15
383
Episcopalians
Methodists
498
425
Baptists
52
•Conpregationalists
3
Roman (Jatholics
Mennonites "\
•Quakers 1
23
3
17
1
40
4
797
191
Infidels j
-Other denominations J
Not reported
41
Total.
52
58
110
1325
1065
2390
Nationalities.
Knglish
1
5
3
39
1
3
3
5
4
44
2
4
10
7
83
3
3
115
253
64
759
14
49
71
58
224
69
618
12
17
67
173
Irish
•Scotch
477
133
Canadian
1377
United Stateii . .
26
^)ther countries
6i;
138
52
58
Total
110
1325
1065
2390
102
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewinj;" the Counties from which patients have been admitted up to r)Oth
September, 1890.
Admitted during Year.
Tot
\L Admissions.
COUNTIES.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
1
6
3
145
2
7
6
125
3
13
9
•Carleton
8
G
14
270
Elffin . .
f 2
2
190
fi
6
3
59
G
2
12
94
102
72
9
8
1
7
24
19
14
4
10
8
37
29
51
12
106
4
10
6
5
13
37
200
4
2
169
9
7
1
53
5
2"
91
81
61
4
6
5
47
22
4
I
9
12
25
30
30
12
97
13
4
4
4
15
52
44
6
Essex
4
Frontenac
10
15
2;3
359
15
13
4
Hastings
1
1
112
11
2
14
3
7
C
8
9
5
11
IG
11
185
183
133
liincoln
13
Middlesex
14
Muskoka District
1
IS^orfolk
12
Northumberland and Durham
1
1
71
Ontario
41
'Oxford
18
Peel
5
Perth
19
Peterborough
20
Prescott and Russell
4
2
6
2
5
4
4
11
62
Prince Edward
Henfrew
Simcoe
59
81
24
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
4
5
9
20:i
17
AVaterloo
14
Welland
10
Wellington
9
28
York
89
2
1
3
110
244
52
58
1325
1065
2390
103
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. (3).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 4.
Shewing the Counties from which warranted cases have been admitted up tc>
30th September, 1800.
ADMrriKD DURING Yeak.
Tor
\I. AliMI.SSION.S.
COUNTIES.
Male.
Female.
Total.
1
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Algoma District
1
6
3
122
2
7
5
104
3
Brant
13
Bruce
8
Carleton
Dufferin
7
5
12
226
Elgin
2
2
117
C
C
2
53
6
2
12
80
73
57
•)
6
4
83
9
"ii"
5
"2"
73
r>o
37
4
4
6
Essex .
4
Erontenac ...
4
5
200
Grey
15
Haldimand
12
Halton _
2
Hastings
04
Huron ...
11
Kent
•)
Lambton
14
Lanark
Leed.« and Gren vfUe
Lennox and Addington
Lincoln
2
4
. 4
i
2
1
3
153;
123
94
13
Middlesex
10
Muskoka District :
Norfolk
7
23
18
14
4
10
8
31
17
42
11
90
4
10
i;
4
12
33
23
5
35
21
3
1
9
7
23
15
IS
11
65
12
4
4
4
12
48
5
12
Northumberland and Durham . .
58
Ontario
39
Oxford
i
17
Peel
1
5
Perth
1. .
19^
Peterborough
1
15
Prescott and Russell
4
1 4
1
54
Prince Edward
32
4
1
5
60
Simcoe
22
2
1
3
155
Victoria
16
14
Welland
10
Wellington
^
Wentworth
24
York
81
Not classed
2
1
3
2S
Total Aduiissious
33
13
46
932
740
l(i72
104
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing- the length of Residence in the Asylum of those discharged during the
year ending 30th September, 1890.
No. Initials. Sex
M.
I F.
I r .
I M.
M.
F .
F.,
F..
M.
M.
F ..
M..
M..
M..
F..
M..
F ..
F ..
F..
M..
F..
F..
M..
M..
F..
M..
M..
M..
F..
M..
F ..
F..
F ..
M..
F ..
M..
M..
M..
M..
F ..
F ..
F ..
F ..
F ..
F ..
F ..
F ..
M..
M..
M..
When] admitted.
2246
H. M
2227
J. D. T
2287
C. S. R
2291
D. O'N
2140
W. O
2251
M. McI
2234
C. A
?:'>?.9
J. S
2230
A. Y
2-;^7i
C. B
2?89
J. S
2210
D. H
19.¥>
S. P
2284
T. McQ
2279
C. L
2233
S. C
2277
M. La P
m^-y.
C. P
2286
M. C
2-^64
T. S
2301
S. H
2228
M. C
2324
J. McB
2207
•r. J. O'R
2267
H. W
'>300
D. D
2139
E. S
2281
J. T. C
2107
A. M
2106
J. L
2275
S. M
2231
N. E
2327
C. R
2293
B. A. W
2254
S. M. S
1473
E. P..,
2236
R. C
2320
R. B. W
2370
R S
2313
M. S. G
2351
M. D
2274
E. D
2342
M. P. R
1941
A. W
2338
K. E. McD ....
2289
A. P. H
2314!
N. M
2304' H. McL
23601
D. W. C
2355
T. H
When discharged.
loth,
10th,
11th,
26th,
4th,
5th,
22nd,
12th,
17th,
9th,
15th,
18th,
8th,
8th,
May
April
October
October
July
June
April
April
April
August
October
January
July
October
September 27th
April 19th
September 20th
April 18th
October 18th
July
December
April
February
January
July
December
July
October
January
January
1889 October
1889
4th,
10th,
10th,
21st,
16th,
31st,
2nd,
3rd,
2nd,
19th,
11th,
September 16th,
April
February
November
June
January
April
February
•July
February
April
September 7t]i,
April 8th,
June 9th,
March 25th,
October 13th,
February 10th,
December 30th,
June 4th,
May 19th,
19th,
26th,
6th,
r2th,
8th,
29th,
18th,
21st,
3rd,
22nd,
1889 ...
1889 . .
1888 ....
1889....
1889....
1889...
1889....
1889....
1889....
1889 . .
1886....
1889
1889....
1889....
1889....
1889 ....
1889....
1889....
1889....
1889 ...
1890....
1889....
1889....
1889....
1888 . .
1889....
1888 ...
1888....
1889
1889
1890
1889
1889 ....
1883 ....
1889
1890
1890 ...,
1890
1890
1889
1890
1886 ....
1S90
1889
1890
1889
1890
1890
November
December
January
February
March
17th,
17th,
27th,
12th,
14th,
21st,
26tli,
14th.
14th,
25th,
29th,
29th.
13th,
19th,
24th,
1st,
3rd,
12th,
12th,
13th,
29th,
29th,
2nd,
16th,
16th,
21st,
2Bd,
9th,
9th,
13th,
19th,
5th,
27th,
30th,
24th,
6th,
11th,
13th,
13th,
18th,
22nd,
26th,
27th,
27th,
28th,
September 6th,
10th,
23rd,
24th,
29tb,
1889.
1890
.\pril
May
June
July
August
Renark.-i.
Recovered.
Improved,
Recovered.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimproved .
Recovered.
Improxed.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Recovered.
105
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 0.
Sliewing age, length of rosiuence, and proximate cause of cleatli of tliose who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
>i',,. j Initials.
2278
18-20
2259
2238
t!9!>
22'.t0
18f.6
1807i
■m\
1756,
21571
21411
1811|
1071
2219!
1183^:
974
1779,
21751
1109
1104
10G8
158:{
2257
2258
1729
1398
1845
540
235.".
1935
55 1)
1599
2364
230'J
17.581
70o;
1449'
120«
2103
982
2342
1831
S. C
C. McL...
T. L>
M. t)L) ...
H. OC...
./. F
A. H
M. W
H. S
C.I)
W. McL..
J. H
M. F
M. S
.J. T
L. C
M. .1. F...
C. R
\V. S
M. O'S ...
E. McI . . .
T. J
.1. Y
K. S
T. C. S...
.1. F
R. D. ti ..
M. A
.1. N. A...
M. E. C...
S. S
E. B
0. C
M. F
M. J. H . .
1. F
C. H
\V. McC . .
v.. T . ...
E. li
S.Y.G....
A. C
M. K. M..
Sex.
Age.
1
F. .. .
20
F
65
M ....
33
F
(i5
F
94
M
70
F
V
F
02
M
38
F
22
M
52
M
(iO
F
72
F
«;4
M
80
F
77
F
48
F
43
M
69
F
?
F
67
M
57
F
6(>
F
52
M
65
F
48
M
47
F
32
M
58
F
22
F
04
F
57
M
56
F
19
F
58
F
37
F
5V
1 M
33 1
1 F
40
' F
27
1 M
40
j M
38
;*•
1
70
Date of Death.
Re.su)knce in
Asylum.
•Janu
aiy
October 14tli, 1889
21st, "
25tli, "
30th, "
November 7th, "
16th, "
17th, "
27th, "
29th, "
December "Ith, "
8th, "
1st, 1890
]5th, "
]8th, '•
19th, "
25th, "
29tl', "
February 3rd, "
■ 4tl'. "
rtf', "
lOth, "
Marcli 7th, "
2I.st, "
" 2St'', "
2!}t'', "
31 St, "
22nd, "
28th, "
.SOth. "
Sth, "
28th, "
25th, "
25th "
.30th, "
2nd. "
13th, "
14th, "
28t.h. ;;
August 15th,
IGth, "
September8th, "
20th, "
22nd, "
April
May
June
July
0
4
0
0
18
0
3
4
19
4
1
1
4
0
11
13
4
1
11
12
12
5
0
0
4
9
4
20
0
4
20
6
0
0
4
18
7
11
2
13
0
4
0
11
3
3
10
2
3
3
3
11
0
5
11
9
9
8
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
8
10
9
3
7
9
5
10
24
16
27
27
1
25
21
22
"a
I
28
22
10
6
12
5
13
0
30
28
8
10
22
7
4
15
8
2
(i
14
3
11
2
0
30
18
2
12
4
Pro.vimate cause of death.
Epilepsy.
Fell out of window.
G. Paresis.
Marasmus.
Old age
Paralysis.
Old age.
(roitre.
Phthisis.
Drowned (fell off wharf.)
Epilepsy.
Old age.
Pneumonia.
Dysentery.
Old age.
Phthisis.
Old age.
Pneumonia.
Marasmus.
Epilepsy.
Old age.
(i-oitre.
Diarrhrea.
Phthisis.
Septic;emia.
E.xhaustion of mauia.
Old age.
Heart disease.
Exhaustion.
Heart disease.
Phtliisis.
Heart disease.
Phthisis.
Marasmu.s
Old age.
100
^4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. G).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
During the Year.
During Former Ye.\rs.
OCCUPATIONS.
1
Males,
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
1
Total.
Totals.
2
2
4
4
6
2
7
1
1
24
2
7
1
1
24
2
J3akers .
1
1
1
1
8
Bricklayers
2
24
........ ........
1
^Builders . . .
Barbers
2
2
1
1
Barristers ,
3
3
Bookbinders . .
Bankers
1
1
4
1
1
4
Basketmakers . .
1
4
Cabinet-makers
Consuls ...
::::;::: ■::;;;
Coopers
6
57
30
9
5
1
3
3
3"
G
57
30
9
5
4
3
3
G
Carpenters
2
1
2
1
59
Clerks
31
Clersrvmen
9
Carnage-makers
1
2"
1
2
G
Cooks
6
Carders
3
3
2
2
2
Civil servants
Carters
.3
2
3
2
3
2
Dyers .
Domestic servants, all kinds
19
2
19
2
16
i"
3
302
24
318
24
1
3
937
2fi
Detectives
1
3
Dentists
Engineers
4
4
4
Engravers
^
107
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.—Coniinurd.
Shewing Trades, Callinos ami Occupations of Patients admitted into tlie A-^yliim:
during the year ending 30th September, 1800.
TRAUES, CALLINGS AND
DuKixG THK Year.
Dlri.ng Formkf
Yk.\k.s.
i
< )CCUPATIONS.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
1
i Females
1
! Total.
Totals.
1
Farmers
25
1
26
308
2
1
3
1
.S71
2
397
Fishermen
2
Founders
Ferrvnien
Furriers
Factory girl
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
' 2
Gardeners
1
'Grocers
1
1
( ilass-blowers
Gentlemen
1
1
1
Glove-makers
Grnorns
Gun-smiths
1
1
1
Hucksters
Hatters
Hostlers
Hunters
Harness-makers *
3
1
•••■go"
S
20
3
1
s
Housekeepers
2
22
Hack-drivers
.
3
Inn -keepers
1
Ironmongers
Jewellers
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
2
1
342
2
1
342
•1
Janitorb
1
Labourers
].-]
13
35.5
Ladies
1
1
2
""iit "
2
4
70
2
3
4
l'.»
2
11
1
3
2
19 '
1
5
Lawyers
21
••>
'•>
^la-ion?
5
11
1
3
2
1!)
1
."")
n
MaU;hmakei"H
1
1
Moiililers
1
•>
1 !
1
1
20
Mechanics
]
1
MarK>le-cutt(T« |
No occu|)ation
3
0
0
22
59
1
.SI
90
;;:::::: ::::::::i
1
1
121 1
171
1
292
1
293
( tther occupations
1
S
24
32 i
.'!1
108
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. l.—Gontlnued.
Shewini:: Tra les, Callings and Occupatious of Patients admitted into the Asylum
dnrinjT the year ending- 30th September, 1890.
TR.\DKS. CALLINGS AND
1
1
1 DfUING THK
I
S. K.Ui.
Dl'KlNO FORMEU Ye.\K.S.
OCCLTPA.TIOXS.
Males.
1
1
Females
i
i Total.
1
Males.
Females
i
1 Total.
1
Totals.
T'rofe.ssor.s of music
1
T'lasterers
'
Pensioner.-*
........
1
Photographers
Prostitutes
1
1
13
5
2
I
1
1
•^
13
6
2
1
13
5
2
7
2
1
1
'""is"
13
Printers
...
Peddlers
-t
1
7
o
Hailwav foremen
3
1
1
Spinsters
2
2
5
Sailors
13
«
2
Sisters of Charity
Soda-water manufacturers
1
1
1
Showmen
Saddlers
39
••• 4g--
39
48
39
o
2
50
Soap-makers
...
Slaters
2
10
2
10
2
10
Salesmen
■■.;;■.■■■ :
Sail and tent-makers
2
2
13
fi
If.
2
18
31
16
2
33
Tinsmiths
6
16
Tailors
1
1 i
3
Teamster.s
1
1
1
1
1
1
■ ■ j
3 )
1 '
3
3
1
Wife 1
17
17 !
1
1
S
30y
y
309
17
1
326
17
1 1
1
52
58
Total
110
1273
1007
22S0
2390
109
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A, 1S91
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing eau-ses of in.>ianity, tor the 3^ear ending SOth September, 1890.
NUMBEU
Instances in which each Cause was
Assigned.
CAUSES OF INSANITY.
In respect of the admissions for the year
ending SOth September, 1890.
As
predisposing
cause.
As exciting
cause.
As predisposing or
exciting cause
1 where these coult?
not be
distinguished.
4J
S
1
S
"5
(J
r5J
E
(14
H
Moral.
Domestic trrubles, including loss of relatives
2
2
2
1
4
Adverse circuu.stances, including business
troubles
Love affairs, including seduction
i
|----1-
1
'2
2
"""'1'
1
4
1
2
::::
Fright and nervous shocks
PHYSIC.4L.
Intemperance in drink
1
1
1
1
1
5
].
5
1
1
1
Sunstroke
1
1
2
2
.5
5
: ..::::
1
1
(Jther bodily diseases or disorders, including
old age
1
1
2
3
4
7
IIkhkditarv.
3
10
16
6
26
Co.no EN rrA I.. 1
1
Wit}i otlj**r anc^rtaiiifd cauHf^ in com V)i nation. 1
1
1
1
1
i
1
28
33
Gl
42
52
40
S2
110
Total . . '
62
58
110
58
1
110
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewina the Probational Discharges and the result thereof.
Xo.
Sex.
Initials.
Date of Probational
Discharge.
Term of Probation.
Result.
•22G2
M ....
M ....
F ....
M ....
M ....
F ...
M ....|
F ....
F ....
M . ..
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
M . . . .
M ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
F ....
M ....
F . ..
F ....
1 M ...
F ....
M ....
M ....
M ....
F ....
M ...
K
F ....
F ....
F ....
F ....
M ....
F ....
F ....
1 F ....
M ....
M ..
M ....
M ....
F ....
F ....
J.Mc'
1). H
M. C
E. S
J. T. C
J. s
1
9th October, 18S9
14th " "
26th " "
26th " "
2nd November, "
5th " " ....
13th " "
14th " "
20th
10th December, "
20th " "
.-^Oth " "
7th January, 1890
10th " "
24th " "
25th " "
7th February, "
18th " "
27th " "
13th March, "
14th " ".....
26th " "
17th April, "
18th " "
23rd " "
30th " "
l.st May, "
15th " '■•
21st " "
27th " "
28th " "
6th June, "
12th " "
lf)th " "
19th " " . ...
21st " "
26th " "
27th " "
7th July, "
19th " "
23rd " "
27th " "
28th " "
29th " "
18th August, "
19th " "
2Kth " "
4th September, " ....
10th " "
2 months
•J210
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2->28
5 "
2139
2281
6 "
6 "
,1 .;
2289
2 "
2 "
" unimproved*
" recovered.
2271
C. B
C. S. R
C. L
S. P
s. s
M. La P . . . .
C. P
M. C
S. H
N. E
J. J. OR . . .
D. 1)
J. L
S. M
A. M
N. M
D. F
C. R
B. A. W . . . .
C. K
M. S. S
R. C
S. M. S
E. P
J. B. R
R. B. W . . . .
A. W
i M. S
R. C
M. D
M. P. R ....
K. McD
A. P. H
H. McL
M. P
S. S
2287
2279
1952
1 " «.. .
3 "
" improved.
" recovered.
2085
o "
Returned.
2277
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2232
2 "
228G
2301
2 "
2 "
" improved
2231
2207
2300
,o "
2 "
2 "
2106
3 "
t( ..
2275
2107
2 "
2 "
<( ((
2314
6 "
a u
2151
2 "
Returned.
2327
2293
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2332
2 "
Returned.
2313
3 "
Discharged recovered.
2230
3 "
2254
2 "
Improved.
Discharged recovered.
Still ovit.
1473
2 "
2042
6 "
2320
2 "
Discharged recovered,
>( «
Still out.
1941
1957
2 "
6 " '.'..'...'.'.'.'.
2303
3 "
2351
9 '•
Discharged recovered.
2342
2 "
2338
2 "
«' tt
2288
2303
2 "
2 "
>i ((
1533
2 "
Returned.
2085
: 2 "
1 3 " v.'.'.'.'.....
Still out
2243
M. A. B . . . .
W. H
A B. Ct
W. ,1. R . . . .
T. H
C. K
A. C
2347
2317
2 :;
2 "
1
2359
2355
3 "
1 "
><
Discharged recovered
Still out.
2331
2267
1 "
1 "
Ill
o4: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6.)
A. 1891
SUMMAJIY OF PPvOBATIONAL DISCHARGES.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
\
21
28
49
Discharged, recovered
14
IG
8
1
3
5
30
3
1
5
10
5
Absent on probation on 30th September, 1890
21
28
49
112
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
6hewiug in quinquennial periods the ages of those admitted, recovered and died dwriiii;
the year.
(
i
AomTfKij.
Rkcovkeei).
Diw
AUKS.
!
i
i
S
Eh
1
1
1
.2
m
1
„ 15 M 20
2
2
4
2
2
1
1
„ 20 .. 25 „ ....
8
9
IT
3
3
6
3
3
„ 25 „ 30 ... ....
3
7
16
2
2
4
1
1
., 30 ., 35 ,
6
10
16
2
3
5
2
i
4
„ 35 .. 40
8
9
17
2
2
4
2
1
3
„ 40 „ 45 ,, ....
7
2
9
3
1
4
1
3
3
.„ 45 n 50 M ....
3
5
8
■ 2
3
5
1
2
3
„ 50 .. 55 ,. ....
3
4
7
s
1
4
1
3
3
.,, 55 1, 60 ■
2
1
5
2
1
5
4
2
2
1
2
3
2
6
4
,, 60 " 65 ,.
3
^, 65 „ 70 ,.
1
1
7
., 70 „ 75 „ ....
2
1
S
2
3
2
■
1
1
3
,, 75 n 80
1
t
1
„ 80 .. 85 ,,
1
1
„ 85 -. yo t,
1
1
„ 90 .r «»
1 ■
1
•i
1
2
1
ToUli
52
58
110
1
I
16
36
1
IB
M
4«
S (^
lis
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 0).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 11.
Shewing the duration of insanity, length of residence and period of treatment, etc.,
during the year ending 30th September, 1890
PERIODS.
Duration of insanity priori)
admission.
Length of residence of those
remaining in Asylum on
30th September.
Periods of treatment of those
who were discharged cured
during the year.
1
Periods of treatment of those
who were discharged im-
proved during the year.
Periods of treatment of those
who were discharged un- '
improved during the year.
Urdcr 1 month
24
12
12
8
4
2
5
3
1
1
1
1
«
3
7
2
3
1
3
2
1
2
3
3
10
6
7
4
5
10
11
10
8
4
4
4
27
26
41
44
129
21
48
24
27
17
80
39
08
1
2
From 1 to 2 months
1
., 2 M 3 ..
„ 3 ., 4
2
6
«
2
2
■2
2
1
i)
1
2
1
1
1
„ 4 1. 6 „
„ 6 .. 6 .,
1
2
., ♦> „ 7 ..
„ 7 „ 8 „
„ 8 r. 9 ..
3
1
4
„ 9 ,.10
„ 10 ..11
., 11 .,12
„ 12 ..18
1
1
.> 18 months to 2 years
II 2 to 3 years
„ 3 II 4 .1
II 4 .. .5 .1 ... ....
„ 5 .1 6 ..
„ 6 .. 7
„ 7 „ 8
1
„ 8 .. 9
„ 9 ..10
„ 10 .. l.^i ..
., 15 ..20
1
.. 20 year* and upwards
TotiiU
110
674
36
11
3
114
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.
buewvii<4 tlie nature of employuient and the number of days' work performed by
patients during the year ending 30th September, 1890,
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT.
Carpenter's shop
Tailor's shop
Shoe shop
Engineer's shop
Blacksmith's shop
Mason work
Repairing roads
Wood yard and coal shed
Bakery
Laundry
Dairy
Butcher's shop and slaughter house
riggery
Painting
Farm
Garden
Grounds ,
Stable
Kitchen
Dining rooms ,
Officers' quarters ,
Sewing rooms
Knitting
Spimiing
Mending
Wards, and Halls
Store room
General
Total
s o o
Days Worked.
Malt
23 I
669
22
12
5 I
3 !
I
6 I
I
21
12 I
1.5 I
I
6 I
17
62 I
I
6
63
62
1
18
190
1
89
4449 !
882 I
1210 I
1898 '
149 I
655 i
905
760
908
912
728 I
1380 1
620 I
I
1114 '
i
3847 i
I
1956 I
3600 I
1036 I
I
1512 I
4436 I
46759
312
4480
84568
Female.
3360
2545
3596
7717
1825
17108
14564
38
5578
17707
15561
89599
115
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. IS.
,t>hevvinj^ the Counties and Districts from which the patients x'emaiuing iu resi-
dence on the 80th September, 1890, were originally received.
COUNTIES ANL> DISTRICTS.
Malks.
Fkmalem.
To-PAI*.
A.lgoma District
_
Brant
2
4i>
'7
•Carleton
45
94
Dulf eria
Dunda^
4
4
7
t{
Durham
7
Kigin ....
Essex
1
44
13
3
1 .
1
Frontenac
44
7
5
1
88
20
8
Grey
1
Haldiniand
Halton
17
21
38
Huron
Kent
LambtoD
1
28
31
20
1
Lanark
36
30
21
63
61
Lennox and Addington
41
Lincoln
Middle.sex
1
1
1
1
Nipi.'^.sing Diucricc.
Norfolk
2
3
1
2
Northumberland
8
7
1
13
10
Oxford
2
Peel 1
1
1
5
10
10
1
Perth
1
4
12
9
2
Peterborough
«)
22
Prince Edward
I't
Renfrew
21
17
4
4
33
38
Rufisell
fj
4
^tormont
18
61
Thunder Bay J )i8trict
2
4
Q
%\';iterloo
W.-lland
Wellington
I
]
Wentworth. .
2
12
4
1
•)
Yf.rk
10
26
'>'>
>><>t cl»Baa<i, unknown, etc
'<0
Total
•i'^
1
1
•74
116
hi Victoria
Sessional Pajiers (No 0).
A. 1891
^ < '% 1
<fl 35 -
Toronto ...
»5
O
P
D
§
o
Farmer's
daughter .
Servant ....
Not stated .
None
I
%
Not stated .
Wife
Not stated .
Housewife .
Wife '.
Servant . . .
Labourer . . .
Farmer . . .
Spinner . .
Farmer ....
Labourer. . .
Q
A =^
O H ^
<J H (0
•8!}«ogi:)jG|3 : :
:c:)OQ^o : : :o :
1
•,u«jj«Av| ^^^ : : : :^^^ :^^ ^
^
^
^
^'^
Duration
OK Insan-
ity prior
to Ad-
mission.
•sq;noj\[ J
^
. . .le . :
■^l-H -00
1-1 • l->
■ eS
bo
•O.S
F5 S
*5
■nivaX
O
a
M .-ilO
COrH
is!
o
■1
+? be fc.
s§ 1
O H
•paujBTna£)^
r-l • ••-1 •
• • -1-1 1-1 1-1 • ■ r-l 1-t ■
o
30
•paAiopiM JO p aTjjBj\[
.-H tH
'— ;
1
1
t
r-f
si
<D 2
O <5
3 S
K O
.1—1 E£.
•snoT^Bniuionap J9q?0
1-1
1
1
1
■?sipoq!)3jij
•1-1
•UBfja^iCqsojj
i-i
• 1-1
-
•01|Oq?«Q UTJUIO-JJ
.-1
t-(.-l • -i-H
1-1
i-Ji-i ■
•putiiSag^ JO qojnqo
T-l7-t -y-i
i-i
1-1 •
iH
r-l
TABLE
nst'erred to
o
•UMOuis^nn
JO S3ij;unoo JaqqQ
•sai^uqg pa^tuj^ 1
•qo:»o*os |
1-1
• r-l
13
•qsiJi
.H
rH I-I ■ -1-1
i-H
t-ItHi-H
•qsiiSag;
-^ ;
T-l
-H ■
'-3
■
utJipieuBO
T-t
;-^
-^
I-I
1-1
•1-1
2 S
2 c
o 5
c
■T3
C
S a
r/5
c
St a
1
s
Q
■c
%
i:
D
a
s
o c
3
s
1-
1.1
It
)
>
a.
■ • C
c S c
OlJf!-
>
73
a
c8
S
3
at
ii
c c
a
c
=
I
1-^
c
C
.2
c
S
a
o
C a
so
•oiBuiaj
&i EB>bE>HEM^Hb^!2(^p£4Ec4 : : ! '. I .
•ai^H
: :: = ::::;::;§§ SSSSi^
•aov
O 30-t<000-rt"I^COCOOOOiOC<-
....
p
1
«5 OO Cl -J Cl !
■♦ ii" in >cno
1
•aaaaa
losaaj; i
.•tSMvax
rO SIVLM.MJ
M
w
^
6;=
p
^
ft
<
<
X
c
Pt
s
117
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 1.-).
Shewinq- tlio nuuiber of articles ma^le and repaired during tlie official year
ending 30th September, 1890.
Articles.
Made.
1
Repaired .
Artk'Lks.
Made.
Repaired.
Aprons
653
67
124
39
28
29
98
I
1
18
2237
405
""i969"
iJrawers, cotton, pairs
" flannel, "
Doors
Uuck house
Dumb-bells
Easels
53
90
4
1
84
I
2
n
1 !
6
2
4500 1
:s i
10
1
3
Bedticks .
3.52
Blinds, window
6
Blankets, marked
Brackets
Bracket drapes ...
Boots, pairs, men's
93
10
" " women's
Fire screens
Floors laid
Bandstand.
Bath house
Bar-bells
Gashouse remodeled
Beadsteads
9
48
9
Benches
BUlard cues
6
1
Glass ?et, number of feet
Board for glass cutting
bookcase
1
1
JBoxes
14
24
81
674
2
30'"
162
109
22
27
50
12
176'
27
245
1
900
2
11
1
" gardener's
Hen house
Brushes, shoe
Brooms
2
Bureaus
6
Bridles, horse
4 1
2
Caps, wotnen's
" reins, sets
Haltershank . ...
i"
2
21
213
4
41
34
2
2
6
i
1
78
127
10
445
16
91
4
<3ollar-<, liuen
4IJhemises, cotton
2227
150
10
" flannel
]..ambrequiiis, window
Lace, knitted or crocheted.
•Cuff.s, linen, pairs
Clothes bigs
14
584
1855
Ladders . . .
.Counterpiues
146
Coats
" uniform
" frames
Mantel drapes
4I!arpets, rag, woven, yards. .
" sewed
" brackets
Meat house
Onshions, chair
Milking stools
1 Mop handles
" sofa
37
Circingle
•Collars, horse . ,
4
120
1 Neckties, men's
•Chairs, splint
12
3
5
Cane peat
Overalls, pairs
1 P-ints, "
'' upholstered
2150
•Cab
1
5
2
■Carts ....
1390
" wheels
163
Cabinet.'*
3
2
1
100
1
3
36
36
5?
6
347
22
53
896
319
42
2
3
'?
24000
6000
2
1
2
1430
" ticks
360
•Ceilings, wood
•Circles for steampipeh
-Olarionette stand
Parallel bars
Peels
6
4
/Jlonet Keats
PigHon house
P:iintin^', scjuare yards
" decoration, feet. . .
" and varnishing
cutters
" and varnishing
cab
" and varnishing
bxxggies
Coffins
Crutches
< 'urtain polec
4JupV^jardii . ...
" "2227 '
1223
" night
" utrong
4i
118
I) t Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 0).
A. 1891
TABLE No. U.— Continued.
^Shewing the number of articles made and repaired during the official year
ending 30th September, 1890.
Akticlrs.
•
Made.
Repaired.
Article.
Made.
Received.
Tainting and varnishing
1
2
253
158
890
235
39
467
30
54
2
656
2178
47
2
4
1
1
1
24
36
3
<■ 227
250
62
Towels, tea
68
19
10
3
8
50
7
2
4
2
3
149
7
3
1
2
4
1
1
1
12
450
2
Tables
8
Roofs, shingled
'• cloths
' ' scarfs
Tidies, crocheted
Toilet covers
435
Shirts, cotton ...
3048
1700
1969
1
3676
3680
Sheets
Stockings, cotton, pairs
" woolen, "
^owel racks
Trap doors
■Socks, " "
Trestles
Shrouds
1 Trays
"Sunbonnets
Trow-lids
Strong quilts
Vests
157
Scrubbers, deck
Ventilators
" hand
Washstands
5
" handles
38
3
Walnut stand
■Shafts to cart
Ward robes
Shelves
WhifHetrees
Woo 1 crossing
Writing desk
Side planks for walk
Silo
" table
Wheel barrows
Snow shovels
12
28
20
Sofas upholstered
Walk, asphaltum, 3ft, Bin.
wide, yards
Steps
.Slippers, leather, pairs
" canvas, "
32
1 Painting houses for em-
1 ployees, roofs and out-
1 side .
Towels, roller
119
S4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE ^. 16.
"Retin-ns from Farm and Grtrden for the official year ending September SOfch, 1890-
Qvantitr
BnnckeB
BosheU
Quarts .
Headu .
Dosen. .
Pounds
Tons . .
Loads .
GallonB
Dozen. .
Pairs. . .
PonndH
Articlhs.
Onions, Parsley, Sape, Thyme, Savory, Lettnce, As-
paraprns. Radishes, etc (a
Rhubarb
Apples .
Beets
Beans
Carrdts . .
Cucumbers .
Onions
Oats
Potatoes
Peara ....
Pease
Parsnips
Tomatoes
Artichokes and Salsify
Currants, Gooseberries, Strawberries and Raspberries.
Cabbage, Cauliflower and Celery
Green Com
Melons, Squash, Pumpkins and Citrons
Grapes
Hay
Straw
Green fodder.
Milk
EggH
Chickens
Ducks
Turkeys
Pnrk
Sucking Pigs.
Cows killed .
Rate.
$ c.
r,
6
«o
10
1 00
40
1 00
1 00
40
50
1 50
fiO
♦50
40
1 00
10
K
10
1 00
s
7 00
4 00
50
20
20
SO
1 00
1 25
« c.
22S 00
840 OO
640 OO
50 00
140 00
184 Oa
24 00-
85 00-
21)0 00-
?,m OO
3K oa
;50 oa
84 00
44 00
10 00-
11 f) 00
330 00
45 00
30 00-
7t) 00
700 OO
80 00
90 OO
3602 00
240 OO
i3t> no
.-■.0 OO
45 OO
40') 00
IHO 00
992 00
10335 00
120
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
ASYLUM FOR INSANE, HAMILTON.
Hamilton, October 1st, 1890.
TV the Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario :
Sir, — I have the honor to submit herewith the Fifteenth Annual Report of this
Asvlum for the year endina; September the 30th, 1890 :
Number of patients in residence October 1st, 1889
Admitted by Lieutenant-Governor's warrant
" Medical certificate
Total number admitted during the year
Total number under treatment during tho year
!N umber discharged as recovered
" " as improved
" " as unimproved
Total number of discharges during the year .
Number of elopements
" of deaths
" admitted to probation
Remaining in Asylum 30th September, 1890
Ratio of discharges, recovered, of admissions 32.30 per cent.
" " " and improved, of admissions.. . 42.23 "
" " " on whole number under treat-
4.98
" " " and improved, on whole number
under treatment G . 51
Mortality on number under treatment 4.58
©ost of maintenance per patient for the year ending September
30th, 1890
$118.62
Male.
450
36
42
78
528
26
7
3
36
10
23
28
459
Female .
Total.
433
20
63
83
516
26
9
7
42
25
35
449
t
i
883
5»;
105
161
1044
52
„■,
10
78
10
48
63
908
121
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Admissions and Discharges.
Working under normal conditions, it affords me pleasure to direct your attention
to the large number of admissions urn! discharges during the year. No less than 161 cases
were admitted and 78 cases discharged, showing a very considerable activity in the move-
ment of patients.
I would also direct your attention to the fact that of the admissions only 56 were
admitted by Lieutenant-Governor's warrant, whilst 105 were admitted by medical certifi-
cate. This change is very gratifying when compared with former years, and shows that
the public are becoming educated to the absurdity of sending the insane to gaol when
with far less trouble, not to speak of the immense advantages to the patient, a more
speedy admission can be gained at once to the asylum. It may be said that violent
and dangerous patients have often to be sent to gaol for want of room in the asylum. lu
answer to this I can say that every application has been promptly awarded a vacancy at
this a.tiylum for the past three years, with the exception of last month when a short delay
took place on account of the congested condition of the female side, but which is now
happily relieved by your instructions to have 20 patients removed to Mimico at once. I
tru.st you may be able to relieve us from time to time in a similar way to prevt-nt over-
crowding, and that grand juries may be spared their doleful lamentations at the incar-
ceration of lunatics in gaols when too often it is the fault of their friends instead of the
government in not providing accommodation.
Health of the Household.
I am glad to report that the health of the household has been good. We had
an invasion of "la grippe," which laid its hand pretty heavily upon us for a time, and
though many were left in a very debilitated pbysical condition, yet no deaths were
directly traceable to its ravages. A large number of our deaths as usual were from
debility and old age. No serious accident happened during the year, and 1 have no ca^es
uf suicide or homicide to report.
Ivjirmary.
Under this head I would strongly urge the neeessity of an isolated bui'ding for an
infirmary, specially constructed for that purpose, and equipped with all the apfjiiances
necessary for the skilful treatment and nursing of the physically sick. In this human-
itarian age no asylum is properly tquipp^d for its work without this important adjunct,
and no government can afford to ignore the cry of those physically as well as mentally
distressed, for all the conifurts wliich a beneticient and scientific age can afford. I trust
my appeal will not be in vain, and that a libeial appropriation will be granted for this
purpohe.
Hall Dininy Rooms.
Another year's experience convinces me more strongly than ever of the immensa
advantages of the hall dining room over the general dining system still in vogue here.
The claasifi cation by halls is a very important and satisfactory one, but at meal time thig
classification ends, the mild cases, tho.se convalescing, and those of a higher social scale, are
forced to consort with the violent, noisy and filthy at the same table, and its effect is anything
but curative, and often repulsive. I would recommend that an annex be built on each
side of the main building, providing a dining-room on each hall. This will serve two
important purposes : first, the classification which 1 have already mentioned, and secondly,
it will provide accommodation for fifty more patients. Jn view of the fact that we have
reached the limit of our capacity, an appropriation for this purpose will have the double
effect of relieving the congested condition of our population, and have the moral and
Hocial effect of enabling patients of a class to dine together.
122
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6.) A. 1891
Internal Improvements.
A large amount of decorative work lias been done on the halls durin^ the year ;
igreat tastt; has been shown in decorative painting. Nearly all the beds are adorned with
pillow-shanjs with beautiful artistic designs upon them, all the work of the female
patients. Mat-making is another industry introduced, and all our condemned clothing
instead of going to the rag-man, is now being utilized to add to the comfort and home-like
4ippearance of our halls. The decorations at Christmas time were most elaborate and
beautiful, and alike creditable to patients and attendants. At Orchard House the walls
iook bare for want ot" pictures, and I trust before another year is over this much needed
adornment will be granted.
Fire and Water Supply.
I would recommend that our underground tankage be increased to double its px-esent
capacity. This would give us an abundant supply of water in case of fire, and overcome
the objection against pumping on Sunday, which the people living near the pump-house
on Queen St. complain of.
Our engineer is of the opinion that the Queen Street pumps in connection with our
hydrant system are a failure, and that in a test two |-inch streams could only be thrown
a height of 20 feet, one |-inch stream could only be thrown a height of 40 feet, and that
at the risk of breaking the pump. He recommends connecting the hydrant system with
our pumps on the mountain, and using them in case of fire. The elaborate hydrant sys-
tem which is now projected and under contract, if we have sufficient pumping force, will
oertaialy make destruction by fire almost an impossibility.
The surroundings at the pump-house on Queen Street are in rather a dilapidated
condition ; a new coal shed is needed and the premises need fencing.
The enlargement of the coal vaults is now under contract, and the days of storing our
coal supply out of doors are now happily drawing to a close. A new 50 horse-|)Ower boiler
will soon be introduced. This I trust will overcome the difficulty of heating th-^ main
building which we have so long complained of. There is a deficiency of steam pipes in
the halls, and I would recommend the placing of a number of radiators there to overcome
the difficulty.
The product of the farm has been unusually large this year. The wheat was a little
rusted and the berry shrunken in quality, but we had an abundant crop of straw, which
is very important to us. The hay crop was immense, and I believe we have enough for
our own consumption. The root crop is also unusually good ; our potatoes and turnips
are far above the average both in quantity and quality.
A new piggery and slaughter-house are at last under contract, and this long standing
menace to our health and comfort will soon be consigned to the limbo of the past. I trust
that before another year elapses a new barn-stable and root-house will be provided for in
ihe estimates.
It may not be out of place to direct your attention to the eight acres known as the
Andrews property, for which we are paying a rental. From its location it must certainly
become the property of the Government sooner or later. The advantage of an early pur-
-chase of this property would be that many needed improvements could be gone on with_
Many permanent improvements have been made during the year, especially in the
eradication of noxious weeds. 700 rods of tile drains were laid ; 650 rods of fencing con-
structed ; 200 stumps removed ; 560 cart loads of broken stone were put on the James
Street mountain road.
Garden.
The yield from the garden has been prolific. An abundant supply of vegetables and
small fruits were furnished in due season. The apple crop is a failure as it is generally
throughout the province.
123
64 Victoria, Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Ornam'mtal Grounds.
Our ornamental grounds never looked so well as they do this season.
A plan for a new park in front of Orchard House, and which received the approval
of your department, has been in our hands for some time. We have expended a ^reat
deal of labor in cultivating the land and preparing it for a seed-bed. It has beea
thoroughly underdrained, and in the spring we hope to have it ready for tree pi anting^
and grass seed. A new driveway branching at an angle from the main avenue is pro-
jected in the plan. This will afford excellent employment for our patients during the
•winter.
Our green-house is too small for the enlarged area of our ornamental grounds, and|I
would ask for an appropriation next year to enlarge its capacity. The gardener's duties-
have so increased of late that T would recommend an assistant to be appointed.
1 would strongly urge upon you the necessity of removing certain anomalies in the
pay list with a view to placing the service on a more permanent and efficient footing.
The male attendants receive §20 per month and the supervisors .$22 per month. The
anomaly which I wish to point out here is this, that men who have been several years in
the sf rvice, and whoso services, from their experience, have become invaluable, receive
no more wages than the merest novice who enters the service for a few months waiting
for i^omething better to turn up. I would recommend that a graduating scale, somewhat
on the same principle as that which governs the female attendant service, be adopted,
giving pew bands .520 per month for the first six months, and after that .$22 per month,
and givinir supervisors .^2.3 for the first six months and 825 per month afterwards. This,
I am satisfied, would wield a wholesome influence in attracting and retaining a more
intelligent and ffiicient class of men. On account of the high v/ages offered for female
labor in the cities 1 find great difficulty in gettirg cooks, laundresses and hou.<-emaids, and-
I would recommend that head cooks receive %\r> per month, assistant cooks $12 and launs
dresses at the same rate, and housemaids should get -$10 per month. This is an absolute-
necessity in order to compete with the labor market outside of the asylum.
Expenditiire
The cost of maintenance per patient for the year is .S118.G2. In 1889 it was-
$138.22, and in 1888 it was $158.37.
I almost feel like apologizing for the low rate of maintenance this year, fearing that|I
may be subject to the charge of parsimony in financial administration, and yet I am sure
our patients were never better fed and clothed, nor has every department been maintained
with iireater efficiency than during the year which has just closed. A large portion of the
coal supply for this year has not been delivered, so that this heavy item of expenditure
will not be charged in this year's accounts, and will partially explain the low rate of
maintenance. I may say, however, that even if this item were included our expenditure
is still low, and well within the appropriation in every department.
A museinenift.
The usual weekly dance, witii concerts and theatricals, were kept up with .spirit and
regularity throughout the winter. In summer base ball, ))icnics, garden parties and
athletic sports were the order of the day.
I would strongly urge the a])pointment of a male musical and ilrill instructor, also a
female musical and calisthenic teacher.
There is little doubt that music has a soothing, tranquilizing effect on the morbid
mind, and wi^-lds a powerful influence in arousing pleasurable emotions and directing^
them in healthy channels. Many of our patients have the finest musical talent, and its
development and cultivation is an excellent form of recreation, not to speak of its curative
power.
124
*3i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Again, a certain residue of our population may be described as in a condition of
«hronic mental and physical inertia. They do no work and will take no exercise. A
wystem of elementary drill f'lr the men and calisthenics for the women would have a salu-
tary ellect in arousing iheir dormant energies and improve both their mental and physical
condition. A small tiutlay of money in providing iniitructors for this purpose will, I am
sure, be protitably expended, and I trust you will be good enough to second my efforts iu
this direction.
Library.
A psychological library is needed for reference. Medical men are constantly enter-
ing the service wlio have no special training in the specialty of mental disease, and it is a
heavy tax upon their resources to equip themselves with the literature on this subject.
A microscope for the pursuit of scientific research in mental pathology would be a
boon to us, in fact the study of psychology cannot be conducted intelligently without it.
Hfilic/ious Se/rcice.
Religious tiervice has been regularly conducted every Sunday morning by the city
-clergy and lavmen. Roman Catholic service is conducted eveiy alternate Sahbath in the
afternoon. We are under deep obligations to them for their kindness, and I have much
pleasure;in tendering to them, on behalf of the otiicers, employees and patients, ray hearty
ihanks for their kindly ministrations.
■ Medical Staff.
The medical stuU" was quite disorganized this year on account of the frequent change
Dr. Reynolds was ordered to Mimico on January 13th, and Dr. Frank Beemer reported
for' duty here on the same date. On the 1st of May Dr. Burgess resigned the position of
assistant superintendent. Dr. Ross was ordered to London asylum on July 21st, and
Dr. Forster of the Kingston asylum was transferred here and reported for duty on the
same date. Dr. Reynolds was transferred back again to this asylum on September the
13th, and was promoted to the position of assistant superintendent. The irequent changes
threw a large additional amount of work and responsibility upon my .shoulders. The staff
is again complete, and everything is in excellent working order.
Conclusion.
Since my last report our late inspector, Dr. O'Reilly, has been called to the majority
by the hand of death. I have much pleasure in welcoming you to the inspectoral v\ork
■of this asylum, a position which, 1 am sure from your experience, you are eminently
■qualified to fill. 1 tru.st our relations will always be of the most pleasant and cordial
character, and that we shall be able to work hand to hand with but one end in view — the
amelioration of the sorrows of unfortunate humanity, and the rescuing of our fellow
juortals from a living death.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
JAMES RUSSELL,
Medical Superiniendeni.
in
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. G).
A. 1801
ANNUAL STATISTICAL EEPORT.
Of the operations of the Asylum for Insane, Hamilton, for the year ending tlOth
September, 1890.
TABLE No. 1.
Shewing movements of Patients in the Asylum for the official year ending ^Otli-
September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
ToUl.
Remaining October 1st, 1889
450
78
433
83
88.^
Admitted during year :—
By Lieutenant-Governor "s Warrant
' ' Medical Certificate
36
42
20
63
56
105
Igl
528
69
_459
516
67
449
1014
Discharges during year :—
26
7
3
36
23
10
26
9
7
42
25
52
16
10
78
48
10
" imprnvpfl , ,
Total number of discharges during year
Died
Eloped
136
Remaining in Asylum 30th Sejjtember 1890 . .
908
348
278
56
30
404
220
1
41
752
498
57
71
T';tal nuuiber admitted since opening of Asylum. .
" discharged
1171
712
459
1115
6(i(i
449
228<f
" died
" «l<j|>ed
" transferred
remaining, 30th Sept., 1890 . . .
1378
908
4
18
22
No. of applications on file 30th Sejit., 1890
126
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1801
TABLE No. 2.
Shewing the maximum and miniinnm numher of patients resident in the Asylum,
the total number of days' stay of patients, and the daily average number of
patients in the Asylum, from the 1st October, 1889, to 30th September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Maximum number of patients in residence (on the 10th of Sept., 1890)
Minimum " " " (on 6th of Nov., 1889)
Collective days' stay of all patient* in residence during year
Daily average population
465
442
166472
456. OS
457
429
162544
445.32
922
871
329016
901.41
Admissions of
Year.
Total Apmissions sinob
Opening.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total
Social State.
Married
43
50
93
538
629
1167
Single
35
33
68
633
486
1119
Total
78
83
161
24
31
51
18
1171
1115
2286
Religion.
16
19
20
6
8
12
31
12
231
255
251
52
6
224
9
8
1
78
56
1171
202
205
251
78
10
245
3
4
""82"
35
1115
433
460
Methodists
Baptists
502
130
16
Roman Catholics .
Mennonites
11
1
14
25
1
469
12
12
1
5
78
5
1
»3
10
1
161
160
Not reported
Total
91
2286
Nationalities.
English
Tri^h
Scotch
13
3
5
52
2
3
11
8
1
50
4
4
5
83
24
11
6
102
6
7
5
161
196
175
89
601
33
42
35
1171
128 .
235
95
553
30
47
27
1115
324
410
184
1154
United States
63
89
62
Total
78
228«
..127
54: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. t3).
A. ISlil
TABLE Nu. ;}.
SliewiutT the Couuties from which patients liave been admitted up to SUth
September, 1890.
\
AUMITTKD UORIN
G Year.
Total ADMiasiONtt.
COUNTIES.
Male.
1
6
Female.
5"
1
Total.
1
11
1
Male.
7
57
5
10
1
3
Female.
Totikl.
2
60
11
8
6
6
1
7
26
35
42
4
7
4
•J
1
5
"65'
5
2
49
28
29
6
""18"
7
12
2
2
115
9
2
14
32
52
103
214
132
»
Braut
107
Itf
18
Dutff'hn
1
3
4
13
9
1
14
49
44
39
5
3
2
3
I
10
69
9
10
35
33
24
10
2
14
2
7
3
7)
1
3
149
13
4
10
40
45
89
186
142
1
21
1 1
2
9
5
7a
HAldimand
Halt<^Q
4
2
5
3
7»
81
9
10
6
5
2
11
10
Lincoln
7
5
12
134
14
4
I
1
6
1"
9
1
1
12
Vorfolk
84
61
63
(jxf'jrd
16
, .1
'>
2
2
32
Perth
9
19
Prescott and Russell *. . . ■ .
3
7
1
5
14
10
24
264
22
6
Waterloo ...
1
«
2
6
15
2
1"
5
10
24
1
9
7
16
39
2
24
72
97
192
400
York
274
1
«
78
8S
ICl
1171
1116
«MM
liM
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No 4.
^Shewiiii;- the Counties from which warranted cases have been admitted u\) to
SOth September, 1890.
i
1
COUNTIES.
Admittki) During Year.
1
1
Total Adjiissioxs
Prkviohs Yeaks.
Male.
1
1
1
1
Female.
l"
Total.
1
1
1
1
1
Male.
Female .
T...tal.
Algoma District 1
1
(> 1
29
5
9
t;
1
7
4
a
1
1
2
14
6
43
12
1
13
3
3
12
Rl^in
2
J^^sex 1
i
1
.
■ ■■■l3'i
3f>
23
21
5
15
■Grev . '
1
1
1
50
1
1
..1
9 32
Haltoii
15
2
1
3<;
7
1
1
1
1
3 1 1
1 1
6 1 4
4
1
Leeds and Grenville
10
9
51
I
20
20
18
7
2
5
1
; (■
1 3
3
1
3
I 114
' 11
4
8
25
1 29
1 38
1 42
118
S3
1
2
21
13
18
5
6
.5
8
2'
'■"'ei'
3
2
11
9
12
21
37
89
9
.... ^ .
2
8
84
^Middlesex
4
1
1
2
8
Norfolk .
41
Northumberland and Durham
33
36
Oxford
12
2
Peel
11
Perth
6
15
rPrescott and Russell
3
5
1
1
3
Simcoe
12
6
18
1
175
14
Thunder Bay District - - -
6
1
5
, 2
1 2
: 1
1 2
s
2
1
6
1 2
5
3
2
19
"Waterloo
Welland
84
41
59
York
79
207
36
1
20
56
713
j 440
1153
1
<J (A.)
129
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewintr the length of rei«idence in the Asylum of those discharged during the-
year ending 30th September, 1890.
H. E. B.
L. B
M. D . . .
J. M
G. S. B .
H. F
A. B . . .
P. Mc...
W. H. F
W. H. F
R. J. S..
T. H
J. H
S. O
M. O ...
T. A
M. L. ..
E. M.. ..
C. W . . . .
J.M
L. K
F. W ....
F. S
J. C. B...
A. S
F. W . . . .
R. S
G. P
M. J . . .
M. B
L. B
M. F
S. IJ
J. W
R. A . . . .
P. M
M. A.
L. C .
R
litth
29th
9th
18th
3rd
;^oth
27th
27th
9th
i2th
17th
27th
18th
30th
1st
17th
14th
30th
19th
9th
il7th
22nd
23rd
3l6t
5th
16th
11th
5th
2l8t
14th
14th
2lHt
25th
2yth
18th
27tli
9th
19th
November,
December
January,
March,
November,
January,
Februarj',
March,
December,
December,
Aug\ist,
January,
October,
April,
November,
April,
September,
January,
June,
August,
April,
July,
January,
April,
May,
April,
T^'ebruary,
October,
December,
March,
Fcliruary,
December,
February,
August,
Decf-ralKjr,
January,
1884
1888
1889
1888
1889
1887
1888
1889
1887
1889
1888
1884
1889
1890
1889
1800
1888
1890
1889
Ist
2nd
3rd
9th
15th
16th
[19th
1 23rd
'2fith
1 26th
2nd
2nd
6th
12th
3rd
8th
13th
13th
]5th
25th
25th
5th
12th
17th
26th
4th
6th
15th
24th
24th
25th
29th
3lRt
let
let
lat
14th
October, 1889
(( i(
November, "
December, "
January, 1890
C( .(
ti n
February, "
a it
March "
Ajiril, "
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered _
Improved.
Recovered-
Improved.
a
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Uniinprove<l.
Recovered.
Improved.
I'nimproved.^
Recoven;d.
Improved.
130
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE NO. 5— Continued.
Initials.
T. G . . . .
M. M...
W. S....
C. A . . . .
E. T . . . .
H. B....
G. E. H.
M. A. H
T. M. E
A. L . . . .
J. B
A. H. C .
G. R....
A. H
F, E
A.Mc...
C. A
c, w . . . ,
R. W . . . .
H. R. C.
S. A
B. G
M. B
E. W . . . .
R. H
M. G
W. B
E. D
C. F
M. C
£. B
c.q
N. F
W. C . . . .
J. D
M. A. C
E. B
M. E
W. W....
T. Mc...
Se.\.
M.
F .
M.
F .
F
M.
M.
F
M
F.
M
M.
M.
M.
F .
F
M.
F.
M.
F .
M.
M.
F .
F .
F.
F.
M.
\S'hen Admitted.'
\Yhen Discharged.
27th Februarj^ 1890 17th April,
7th May 1889 19th
3rd August, 1881 IstMay,
17th Januarj', 1890 14th
18th April, 1888........ 14th
8th March, 1890 19th "
15th October, 1889 23rd
22nd April, 1886 24th
7th May, 1888 2nd June,
5th December, 1889 7th
6th May, 1890 9th
15th April, " 23rd
4th June, 1888 30th
2nd November, 1889 1st July,
2nd " " 8th
18th February, 1890 jl2th
3l8t October, 1888 15th
14th December, 1889 1 6th
1890.
30th " " .
20th June, " .
27th March, " .
10th April, 1890.
25th " " .
Ist November, 1889.
8th January, 1890.
14th September, 1889.
8th November, " .
F [24th December, " .
F !l9th August, " .
Ist June,
26th August,
2nd April,
9th
18th
6th February, 1889
1876.
1890.
1889.
1890.
12th July,
27th June,
26th "
29th April,
24th July,
1890.
1889.
1890.
Ist August,
30th
11th September,
11th
11th
12th
12th
13th
13th
13th
16th
19th
20th
22nd
22nd
22nd
23rd
24th
26th
29th
30th
30th
Remarks.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovered.
Unimprove 1,
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Unimproved.
Recovered.
Improved.
Recovereil.
131
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (Xo. (>).
A. 1891
TABUE No. G.
^Shewing a^e, length of residence, and proximate cause of death of those who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Resiukni-'k
IX
AsVLLM.
Proxim.ate cause
of Death.
No.
laitials.
Sex.
Age.
Date of Death.
. 1
1
X
C
c?
1
E. C
F
SC
1st October, 1S89 . .
8
21
Chronic Cerebri ti.s.
o
J. H. K . .
M
41
10th " " .
1 10
10
11
Phthisi.-i.
3
D. S
M
60
15th " " ..
1 13
4
14
Maiasmus.
4
J. S. ...
M
69
17th " " ..
1 1
6
27
Apoplr-xy.
5
S. Mc
M
49
17th " " ..
1
o
29
Phthi-is.
(J
G. B
M
79
21st " " .
11
28
Senile Decav.
7
M. L
F
39
24th " " .
4
J
IMara-sfmus.
.«^
S. L
F
26
1st November, "
2
8
13
Paralysis.
9
M. T
F
65
3rd " " .
1
1
Exhaustion.
10
C. T
F
70
15th " "
i 1
5
10
Heart Disease.
11
M. A. G . .
F
38
24th December, " .
11
12
Phthi-sis.
12
F. D
M
30
18th January, 1890.
I
5
2
13
W. W . . . .
M
65
23rd
1
(
15
Senile Decay.
14
R.C
M
34
24th " " .
8
8
Epileptic Mania.
15
A. B
M
64
3rd February, " .
i3
6
21
Bri^hl's Disease.
16
M. T
F
40
10th
1
6
1
Puerpera.
17
F. B
M. A.T...
F
F
32
54
15th " " .
19
Acute Meningitis.
18
23rd " " .
1
6
Pneumonia.
19
G. M
M
66
11th Marcli, " .
. . . .
19
Dementia.
20
J. Mc
M
7(i
17th " " .
1
1
14
Senile Decav.
21
I. Mc
F
47
19th " " .
18
10
16
Cancer.
22
M. C ...;.
F
68
22nd " " .
5
.s
22
Epilepsy.
23
M. T
F
57
10th April, " .
1
7
19
Senile Decay.
24
H. F
M
4^
13th " " .
4
i)
9
Paralytic Dementia.
25
B.C
F
42
27th " " .
o
•>
Phthisis. [Mania.
26
S. G
D. F
F
M
72
64
15th May, "
16
7
Exhaustion after .A.cute
■27
25th •' " .
I'.;;;!.'
1
Paralytic Dementia.
28
G. A... .
M
45
28th " " .
9
1
Epilepsy.
29
L. T
F
35
15th June, " .
3
4
1
Marasmus.
30
G. H. C...
M
70
16th " " .
7
9
23
Heart Disease.
31
J. Mc
F
60
24th " " .
1
10
20
Hemiplegia.
32
J. D
M
75
26th " " .
4
7
2
'*
33
E. H . .
F
75
29th " " .
7
8
1
" [tion.
34
M. A. H . .
F
65
7th July, " .
1
1
Acute Cerebral C'unges-
35
M. A
F
67
12th " " .
14
2
9
Heart Disease.
36
M. R
F
47
24th " " .
4
2
21
Jaanttice.
37
M. C ....
M
40
27th " " .
1
6
13
Epilepsy.
:«
M. 1) . .
M
to
31.st " " .
1 13
3
4
Senile Decay.
39
E. B
F
38
11th August, "
1
7
5
Marasmus.
40
J. K
M
52
1.5th "
•>
12
Epileptic Dementia.
41
F. M.
F
58
15th " " .
')
(
15
Exhaustion of Mania
42
M. A. M.
F
43
17th " " .
2
1
6
Dementia.
43
M. D. G . .
F
55
31st " " .
2
28
Diarrhoa.
44
J. C
M .. ..
66
5th September, "
'2
8
30
Congestion of Lungs.
45
M. E
xVi
41
10th " " .
1 5
1 ♦'
13
Septic;emia.
46
• i).¥
M
1 68
15th " " .
1 7
9
24
1 Senile Decay.
47
D. V
M
1 74
17th " " .
' 2
1
13
Efiilepsy.
48
C. A. H...
F
1 60
27th " " .
1
!
«
17
E\liau!Nt. iif Demeuti-i.
132
51 V'lccoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 0).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylun*
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
1
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
DURINS THE YkAR.
1
During Formbh Ykarh
OCCUPATIONS.
Males.
Females
Total.
1
Males.
1
Females
1
Total. 1
Total,
1
1
1
1
4
4
h
^
,
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
3
16
3
2
3
3
16
4
Bakers
Bricklayers
3
4
Butchers
Blacksmiths
0
18
1
1
2
2
i '
1
1
3
<)
1
1
3
2
Barristers
1
1
1
1
1
1
^
4
2
i
1
4
44
23
7
o
6
4
2
1
1
4
44
29
(
2
4
2
1
1
Coopers
Carpenters
Clerks
1
4
4
::::::::
1
4
4
48
33
7
2
1
1
2
2
Captains of steamboats
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
Dyerfi . .
"vih"
15
1
318
1.^
1
4
1
Domestic servants, all kinds
1 19
4
io
4
337
1
4
1
4
3
1
4
o
Engravers
133
54: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.— Continued.
Shewing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the A>^ylum
during the year ending 30th Sejiteniber, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
DCRING TUK YkAR.
During
FOIIMKR
Vkars.
OCCUPATIONS.
Males.
Females
Total.
Males .
Females
Total.
Total
Farmers
23
23
350
4
3
353
4
376
4
Fishermen
Founders
FerrymeM
Furriers
1
5
5
1
i"
1
5
a
1
1
Gardeners
•Grocers
6
Glass-blowers
1
■Gentlemen
Glove-makers
^Gun-smiths
Hucksters .
Hatters
Hostlers
2
2
2
Hunters
Harness-makers
4
"439"
4'
439
4
Housekeepers
39
39
478
Hack-drivers
Inn-keepers
1
1
9
I
0
11
Ironmongers
.iJewellers
2
1
318
3 "
2
1
318
3
2
Janitors
1
Labourers
16
10
334
Laundresses . . . .
3
Ladies
1
1
]
Lumbermen
Milliners
4
4
3
15
4
3
15
3
Machinists
15
Millers
1
2
1
2
1
3
11
2-2
8"
2
39
1
34
1
3
19
24
2
2
51
2
1
49
2
5
Merchants
19
MwhHni'-s
1
1
25
Music-teacherH
1
7
2
12
2
0
2
fj
58
2
1
Not BtaU'd
2
12
14
16
(;3
23
23
23
184
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.— Continued.
Showing Trades, Callings and Occupations of Patients admitted into the Asylum
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
TRADES, CALLINGS AND
During the Year.
During
FORMKR
Ye.\rs.
OCCUPATIONS.
Males .
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
TOT.-iL.
1
1
i
2
2
2
2
2
13
5
5
l"
13
5
6
15
5
6
1
1
1
2
i"
2
1
2
2
"s"
4
3
2
5"
2
8
4
8
4
1
2
1
9
6
10
3
3
3
2
15
"19"
2
15
19
2
Shoemakers
2
2
17
19
Slater*
Station-masters
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
3
10
5
3
7
1
4
15
s"
3
25
5
3
15
1
4
3
1
1
1
26
Tinsmiths
1
6
3
15
1
Teamsters
4
1
1
4
6
10
11
3
30
99
3
129
3
129
78
83
Total
IGl
1093
1032
2125
2286
135
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6^.
A. 1891
TABLE No. cS.
Shewing causes of insanity for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
\
Number
OF Instances in
Assic
WHICH
NED.
kach Cause wajt-
CAUSES OF INSANITY.
In respect of the admissions for the year ending
30th September, 1890. "
As predisposing cause.
As exciting caune.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
1
Female .
Total,
Moral.
Domestic troubles, including loss of relatives or
friends
6
2
5
2
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
5
2
13^
Religious excitement
5-
Adverse circumstances, including business troubles.
Love affairs, including seduction
6
4
Mental anxiety, " worry "
+
Fright and nervous shocks
f>
Physical.
Intemperance in drink
3
Venereal disease
Self -abuse, sexual
6
1
7
Over-work
3 3
Sunstroke
3
2
1
1
4
Accident or injury
3
Pregnancy
Puerperal
4
1
4
Livctation
1
Puberty and change of life
Uterine disorders
1
1
4
4
Brain disease, with general paralysis
Brain disease, with epilepsy
1
2
3
5
2
•t
o
3
7
Other forms of brain disease
2
Other bodily diiseases or disorders, inchiding old age.
Fevers
4
.5
G
s.
Heueditart.
17
20
37
:::::::::::::;:
CO.ST.KNITAL.
■::::::r:'.:::
CO
78
GO
83
120
1
IGl
34
78
37
83
71
Total
IGl
136
54: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (Xo. 6.)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the Probational Discharges and the result thereof.
Reg-
No.
Sex.
M ....
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
F
F
M ....
F
F
F
F
F
M . . . .
F
F... .
M ....
F
F
F
F
M ....
M ....
M ....
M ....
M ....
F
F
F
F
M ....
M ....
F
F
F
M ....
F
M ....
F
M ....
F
F
M ....
F
M ....
M ...
M ....
F
F
M ....
M ....
F
F
M ....
M ....
F
M ....
P ....
M .. .
M ....
F
M ....
Initials.
Date of Probational
Discharge.
Term of Probation.
Result.
2099
J. M
J. C. B
F. S
October 5th, 1889....
November 5th "
5th " ....
12th " ....
16th " ....
19th " ....
22Dd " ....
25th " ....
29t.h " ....
29th " ....
December 6th "
23rd '• ....
28th " ....
27th " ....
January 6th 1890
f.th " ....
24th " ....
February 8th "
14th " ....
March 6th "
April 1st " ....
5th " ....
15th " ....
17th " ....
19th •' ....
22nd "...
Mav 2nd " ....
10th " ....
13th " ....
14th " ....
17th " ....
2l8t " ....
21th " ....
31st " ....
.Slst " ....
June 23rd " ....
26th " ....
27th " ....
27th " ....
" 28th " ....
July 1st " ....
1st " ....
2nd " . ..
3rd " ....
5th " ....
11th " ....
12th " ....
18th " ....
19th " ....
August 5th " ...
8th " ....
13th " ....
23rd " ....
25th " ....
27th " ....
29th " ....
September 1st "
" 1st "
8th " ....
15th " ....
22nd " ....
25th " ...
1 " 26th " ....
3 months
Discharced recovered.
1998
3 "
improved,
recovered.
2092
3 "
6 "
1390
M. A. H . . . .
E. T
F. W
L. K
F. W
T. M. E
Fr. J
M. H
J. W
S. A. L
L. C
W. S
A. Mc
M. B
G. E. H
C. A
C. Q
F. E
A. L
C. A
T. H. C
H.B
T. W. W.. .
A. H
A. Mc
C. W
M. G
A. B
J. D
S. A
H. C
M. G
B. B
R. W
M. C
C. H
N. F
G. L
E. W
E. D
B. G
M. B
A. H
\V. c
A. K
C. F
S. K
R. P
W. B
M. B
A. S
M. F
A. R
C. C
J. G
M. A. F
R. C
G:Z
E. J. H
.T. P .......
iuiproved.
recovered.
1748
6 "
2045
2106
3 "
2 "
2047
2 "
<•
1727
6 "
1502
3 "
Returned.
1960
6 "
<(
1967
3 "
Discharged improved.
Returned.
2057
6 "
1991
3 "
Discharged improved.
*■ recovered.
729
3 "
758
3 "
Returned.
2129
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2131
3 "
2166
3 "
"
2032
6 "
<«
2136
3 "
"
2149
1939
2 "
3 "
"
2064
2193
8 "
1 "
Still out.
Discharged recovered.
1763
2 "
Returned.
2135
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2181
2 "
2154
2 "
"
2171
4 "
Returned.
1130
6 "
Still out.
2002
4 "
Discharged recovered.
2027
3 "
" improved.
2077
2 "
2123
3 "
" recovered.
1393
6 "
Still out.
2160
2196
1 "
2 "
Discharged recovered.
Still out.
1644
i "
Returned.
2208
2 "
Discharged recovered.
1172
2i "
Returned.
2134
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2157
2 "
2210
2 "
"
2217
2 "
((
1132
2 "
Still out.
2214
2 "
Discharged recovered.
2137
2 "
Returned.
2107
O It
Discharged recovered.
2037
3 "
Still out.
2209
3 "
2138
3 '•
Discharged recovered.
2229
3 "
Still out.
2206
6 "
2226
3 "
"
2066
913
3 "
3 "
„
2188
3 "
• >
2227
1 "
t«
2230
, i "
«'
2259
' r " ::
Returued.
1915
2 "
Still out.
2239
: 3 "
137
ot Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
SUMMARY OF PROBATIONAL DISCHARGES
Males.
Females
Total.
Males.
Females
Total.
Number to whom probational leave was granted ....
28
35
(J3
Discharged, recovered
13
2
17
4
30
6
" improved
" unimproved
Died brfore expiration of leave
Returned to Asylum
5
8
5
9
io
17
Absent on probation on 30th September, 1890
28
35
G3
138
■54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A, 1891
TABLE No. 10.
Shewing in quinquennial periods, the ages of those admitted, recovered and died
during the year.
Admitted.
Recovered.
Died.
Ages.
JO
e
"5
o
-2
s
Eh
JO
'a
g
s
Is
o
H
„ 15 „ 20 ,
„ 20 ., 25
„ 25 u 30 ,
,, 30 „ 35 ,
., 35 „ 40 ,
^, 40 „ 45 ,
., 45 „ 50
.., 50 „ 55 „
■:, 55 „ 60 , ,- ....
., 60 u 65 „ ....
„ 65 „ 70 „ ....
70 „ 75 1,
2
15
7
12
9
10
6
4
4
6
2
1
3
14
15
9
14
7
4
3
5
3
4
1
1
5
29
22
21
23
17
10
9
9
6
1
2
2
1
3
2
6
3
1
3
2
2
1
7
5
4
2
3
3
1
1
2
8
8
6
8
6
4
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
1
2
6
2
4
1
1
5
3
2
1
3
2
4
2
1
1
3
5
6
5
2
3
4
10
4
.,, ■ 7r, „ 80 II
5
„ 80 u 85 1
„ 85 1, 90 ,,
„ 90 „ 95 ,
XJnknown
78
83
161
26
26
52
23
Totals
25
48
139
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. G).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 11.
Shewing the duration of insanit}', length of residence and period of treatment
etc., during the year ending oOth September, 1890.
PERIODS.
Under 1 month
From 1 to 2 months
2 M 3
S
9
10
11
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
18
18 months to 2 years
2 to 3 years
3 M 4 ..
7
8
9
10
1.1
fi
7
8
9
10
V,
20
20 yarn ivnd upwards.
Not Ht.'iU'd
Totalii
— c
.2-0
u o
40
25
14
8
7
()
14
1«1
140
■«■" S
c o o
•-9
o u.
S ts t:
-4^ OJ J3
Ph
13
11
11
<)
12
9
12
10
10
S
9
4
55
58
97
37
50
54
35
44
41
51
12(5
57
78
908
52
16
54 V^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 12.
Shewing the nature of employment and the number of day's work performed
by patients during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT.
?; S a; i
>5 g s g
r-( P-i
Days Worked.
Male.
FemaJe. Total.
"Carpenter shop
Tailor";! shop
Shoe shop
Engineer's shop
Blacksmith's sho])
Mason work
Repairing roads
Wood yard and coal shed
Bakery
Liaundrj-
Dairy . . .
Butcher's shop and slaughter house.
Piggery
Painting . . . .
Parm
"Garden
■Ground.s
111S>
542
7a5
1035
419
3
19
G
59
611
2123
1534
365
3311
1476
13784
12648
1119
542
795
1035
419
611
5434
1534
365
1476
13784
12648
Stable
Kitchen
Dining rooms
Officers' ([uarters ....
Sewing rooms
Knitting
Spinning
Mending
Wards
Halls
Storeroom . . .
General
Total .
3
21
46
1064
2555
6084
50
.55
4583
9916
13620
14.510
23
3149
381
1
49
790
72558
365
j 7872
',126949
43317
5816
97222
1064
7138
1600
13620
14510
3149
114875
365
13688
1224171
141
5 tr Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 13.
Shewini^ the Counties and Districts from which the patients remaining in resi-
dence on the 30th September, 1890, were originally received.
COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Algoma District.
Brant
Bruce
Carleton
Dufferin
DundaB
Durham
Elgin
Essex
Frontenac
Glengarry
Grenville
Grey
Haldimand . . . .
Salton
Hastings
Huron
Kent
36
4
21
6
1
3
47
10
1
11
23
21
15
Lambton
Lanark
Leeds
Lennox and Addington
Lincoln
Middlesex
Muskoka District
Xipissing District
Norfolk
Northumberland
Ontario
Oxford
Parry Sound District . .
Peel
Perth
Peterborough
PreHcott
Prince Edward
Rainy River District
Renfrew
RuHHell
Sinicoe
Storiiiont
Thunder Bay District . . .
Victf>ria
WaterIcK)
Welland
Wellington
Weniworth
York
Not cla«sed, unknown, etc
Total
27
2
4
14
9
9
5
2
3
2
3
06
2
2
5
20
19
35
51
5G
459
13
18
17
32
1
26
4
12
1
2
7
2
4
60
7
13
23
45
71
48
449
36
39
32
59
3
4
40
13
21
i>
4
10
4
126
2
2
12
33
42
SO
122
104
DOS
142
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 14.
Number of articles made and repaired in the Tailor's Shop during the year ending
September 30th, 1890.
Articles.
Made.
Repaired.
Coats
99
64
327
6
12
6
4
26
32
16
Vests
Trousers (pairs)
22
Overalls
Combination suits '
Summer jackets
Smocks
Uniform coats
32
*' trousers (pairs)
46
Total
576
116
TABLE No. ] 5.
Number of arti'^les cut out in the tailor shop to be made in the halls during the
year ending September -SOth, 1890.
Articles.
Summer jackets
7<»
Vest
I
Tofal
SO
TABLE No. IG.
Number of articles made and repaired in the shoe shop during the year endino-
September SOth, 1890. "^
Articles.
Men's coarse brogans (pairs)
" leather slippers (pairs)
Women's Oxford tie shoes (pairs)
Men's mitts
" braces
Razor straps
Total
143
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. G).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 17.
Articles made and repaired in the sewing
ber 30th.
rooms during the year ending Septeni-
1890.
Articles.
Made.
Repaired .
Articles.
Made.
R<'paired.
Apruus
1289
16
618
""164"
1 Pillow shams
Pillows remade
Pudding cloths ....
340
331
74
10
263
574
628
137
741
93
1112
50
184
1072
14
34
16
14
12
17
Bas(iues
Blankets
Braces (pairs)
Bread covers ....
39
4
41
8
457
Quilts
94
Skirts
764
Caps
Shirts
6412
Socks (pairs)
9661
Chemises
i379
55
'*" 846"
1671
1344
498 '
" footed (pairs)
Conibinatiiins
Stockings "
" footed "
Sheets
1 Shrouds
8736
396
Coats
641
Dresses
994
690
78
68
96
98
367
154
394
198
149
57
Drawers (pairs)
Straw ticks
Towels
979
234
Jackets
Toilet covers
Tablecloths
Tablecovers
68
Mattresses
"■ 408"
79
" remade
Tea bags
Tidies
Iklitts (oairs)
Toilet mats
Mats. ' . .
Towels
N^ightpowns
274
Undershirts
40
28
"94"
Xecktif s
Underwaists
Overalls
18
779
Vests
Window blinds
Total
440
1472
144
34*
1243
13121
37345
Print screens
TABLE No. IS.
Products of the Farm for tlie year ending September 30tli, 1890.
(.,>uantities
Wheat
( )at«
Potat<je«
Turnips
Hay
.Straw
doru fodder
I'a«ture for fat cattle
^'eal
Calfdkin
I'ork
liive hogM (large and Binall 224) .
Milk
Total
337 bushels.
880
3500
3500 "
160 tmis.
80
350 bads.
83 pounds.
4511i "
21220.1 gallons.
Kate.
$ c.
95
45
56
20^
8 00
6 00
1 00
20
Value.
$ ('
320 1.5
396 00
1960 00
726 25
280 00
480 00
350 00
180 00
4 98
42
S70 69
1397 82
4244 10
lltSl* 41
144
*4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 19.
Products of the Garden for the year ending September 30th, 1890.
Asparagus
Apples
Beans
Beets
Currants (red). . .
(black).
Celery
Cherries
Carrots
Cauliflowers .
Corn
Cabbage
Cucumbers .
Gooseberries .
Grapes
Lettuce
Melons
Onions
Pumpkins
Plums
Parsnips
Pease
Pears . . .
Plants (hothouse) ,
Rhubarb
Raspberries
Radishes
Savory (Summer) .
Sage
Squash
Spinach
Strawberries
Tomatoes
Wood (pine)
Total
Quantities.
870 bunches.
29 bushels.
163
189
714 quarts.
160
1000 heads.
220 quarts.
299 bushels.
630 bunches.
323 heads.
1812 dozen.
2349 heads.
9862
311 quarts.
860
4936 bunches.
25
1255 bunches.
104i bushels.
6
13 bushels.
100
76^ "
25
6000
4025 bunches.
808 quarts.
650 bunches.
1^ bushels.
500 bunches.
500
40
88 bushels.
1719 quarts.
400 bushels.
30 cords.
Rate.
$ c.
5
1 m
1 00
60
73
4
6
60
3
8g
7i
51/5
1
10
8i
10
2
1 00
10
2 00
60
98^
2 00
8
2§
10
3
2 00
2
2
5
m
84
55
3 00
Value.
43 50
39 88
163 00
113 40
52 66
20 00
40 00
13 20
179 40
18 90
27 05
129 11
122 15
98 62
31 10
73 10
115 17
2 50
25 10
104 50
60
26 00
60 00
75 22
50 00
480 00
107 33
80 80
19 50
3 00
10 00
10 00
2 00
51 .S3
146 11
220 00
90 00
2,844 23
10 (A.)
145
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
TABLE No. 20.
Statement of work done by the Carpenter during the year ending September 30th, 18i)0.
Barn ac farm repaired.
Stable for fat cattle repaired.
Greenhouse completed.
House over well at farm built.
Part of old carpenter shop converted into harness room.
Washing machines repaired.
Two wagon boxes repaired.
Four cait boxes repaii-ed.
Three wagon reaches made.
Store room for gardener fitted up.
One pair shafts for chore wagon made.
Twenty two new locks at East House put on.
Cupboard for hall D made.
Three bake boards for kitchen made.
Thirty oak benches repaired.
Twenty perforated benches repaired.
Forty-one perforated seats in benches replaced.
Twenty perforated seats in chairs replaced.
Six arm chairs re-cushioned.
Seventy -five common chairs repaired.
Nineteen arm chairs repaired.
Twenty -three rocking chairs repaired.
Eighteen lounges upholstered.
Cupboard for gas meters made.
Storage box for pump-house made.
Coal shed at pump-house repaired.
Five step ladders made.
Seven step ladders repaired.
Coal bin at Superintendent's house built.
Seventeen frames for mat-making made.
Twelve hooks for mat-making made.
One quilting frame made.
One oak table for baker made.
One pine table for baker made.
Twenty-eight taVjles covered with oilcloth.
Six tables covered with zinc.
Four sinks covered with zinc.
Shelves in Engineer's store room made.
Fifteen polishing brushes for halls made.
Nine wheelbarrows repaired.
One hundred and seven hammers for quarry fitted with nandles.
Seventeen axes fitted with handles.
Eleven mattocks fitted with handles.
One sleigh for drawing milk made.
Six store rooms at Orchard House fitted with hooks
Twenty-thref! door bells put on.
Thirty-one bedsteads repaired.
(Jne hundred and eight door stops on floors at Orchard House put on.
Seats of benches at Orchard House re-nailed.
Cornice ot kitchen at Orchard House repaired.
Thirteen window sashes repaired.
146
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
TABLE No. 20.— Continued.
Statement of work done by the Carpenter during the year ending September 30th, 1890.
Nine looking glasses replaced.
Steps for boiler-house made.
Five wash basins repaired.
Twenty-eight bars for laundry drier made.
Eighteen window-fasteners repaired
Ninety nine window-cords put in.
Eighty-seven window-stops repaired.
Eleven guard windows repaired.
Eighteen boxes for flowers made.
Nine window-blind rollers repaired.
Six racks for vines made.
Twelve racks for plants made.
One fern case repaired.
Nineteen base boards repaired.
Seventy-eight lambrequin boards put up.
Airing-court doors and fence repaired.
Airing-court shed floor repaired.
Nine dormitory windows halls C and 3, plaster, etc., removed and replaced with
matched lumber.
Six bedroom ceilings replaced with matched lumber.
Shelves in hall C store room re-arranged.
Nine door frames at Orchard House fastened.
Seven screen doors made.
Twenty screen windows made.
Five storm doors made.
Thirty water-closet seats at Orchard House repaired,
Six bread knives repaired.
Billiard table covered.
Twelve tips on billiard cues put on.
Four farm gates made.
Fence on mountain top rebuilt.
Fence along driveway repaired.
Bursar's house repaired, new cellar stairs put in, partition moved, etc.
Sofa upholstered.
Wooden eavetroughs for barn made.
Four music stands made.
Four meat boards made.
Nine bureaus repaired.
Table for butcher sliop made.
New steps and walk main entrance Orchard House made.
Flower stands for Superintendent's house made.
Also various miscellaneous pieces of work such as lock fitting, key making, etc.
147
i4 Victoria Sessional Papers (No 6). A. 1891
TABLE No. 21.
Statement of work done by the Engineer during the year ending September 30tb, 1890.
Radiator and connections put in officers' dining room.
Six steam boilers, new blow-oflf and feed pipes put in.
Injector and connections put in east boiler house.
Boilers in east and west houses, valves ground in and made tight.
Four main steam-pipes in east and west boiler houses, new flange joints.
Main steam-pipe Orchard House, valves ground and made tight and new joints.
Rocking grates under steam boilers at Orchard House overhauled.
New cylinder and bolts put in washing machine.
Fifty feet main steam return pipe put in east boiler house.
Steam pipes removed from old refrigerator and new pipes and connections made to
radiators in their place.
Hall 2, new waste pipes in bath rooms.
Hall D, new waste pipes in bath rooms.
Hall A dining room, new trap on sink.
Queen street pumping house, new blow-off and feed pipes and all valves ground in
and joints made tight.
Traps on water-closets at Orchard House with twenty-eight cleaning thimbles and
plugs put in.
Fire connections with 100 feet of hose attached to each, put in at north and south
of Orchard House basement.
Pipes and radiators in three halls and front building, Orchard House, bronzed.
Pipes and radiators in front building at main Asylum, bronzed.
New piston put in steam pump east boiler house.
All steam glove valves throughout the buildings ground in and packed new.
Miscellaneous work such as leaks in pipes and stoppages of waste pipes in closets
and bath rooms attended to.
148
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ONTARIO ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS, ORILLIA
Orillia, October, 1st, 1890.
To the Inspector of Asylums, etc. :
Sir, — I have the honor to transmit herewith the Fourteenth Annual Report of the
operations of this Asylum.
On the 30th September, 1889, we had in residence 309 (158 were males and 151
females). There were admitted during the year 11 males and 17 females, in all 28, which
added to the 309 in residence makes 337 as the number under care for 1890. Of those
admitted 5 were by the Lieutenant-Governor's warrant (1 male and 4 females). There
were 3 taken home by friends (2 males and 1 female). Died during the year 22, of whom
10 were males, 12 females, leaving in residence 312 (157 males and 155 females. As
we have only 300 beds in the asylum, it will be seen we have 12 more inmates than beds,
so that a process of doubling up had to be resorted to in the case of children, which
objectionable course is, perhaps, permissable under pressing circumstances.
Applications for Admission.
The applications for admission are steadily increasing. In 1882 we had a clean
slate, but since then we have been registering about 50 applications per year, over and
above the admissions. At the close of the year the number has reached 392. Registered
during the yeier 73, admitted 28, leaving a surplus of 45. I do not apprehend, however,
that more thau 250 of these applicants are at present to the fore, as doubtless a large
number have died, or removed to other parts of the Dominion, and by the end of another
year we will likely have another clean slate. But what of the future 1 It has been
demonstrated beyond all question that, in addition to our admissions, the applications
increase at the rate of 50 a year, and if this continues after our new asylum is completed
and occupied, it means an additional cottage about very third year. This would involve an
expenditure of at least $25,000 for building, and when filled an increase for maintenance
of $13,000. If a cottage were erected every third year to keep up with the demand for
admissions, we would have an increase for building and maintenance of, on an average,
$12,500 a year. The gradual increase of cost for maintenance of asylums is approaching
alarming proportions, and doubtless before long a part of this cost will have to be borne
directly by the counties, in proportion to the number for whom accommodation and care
is required. This is the system adopted in the neighboring republic, as a matter of
necessity. Ontario is perhaps the only country in the world that bears all the cost of
public institutions, a large part of the cost of education, and that of many other interests,
such as agricultural societies, aid to railways and public roads, and all this without tax-
ing her people. It would only be reasonable therefore, if the government were to fix a
maximum sum, of say $500,000, for the maintenance of public charities, and that the
counties be drawn on for all in excess of that amount.
Health.
The health of our inmates has been remarkably good, and if we except the influenza
with which we were afflicted in February, in common with the whole country, we had
no diseases of either an epidemic or endemic character. It is true the death-rate is
considerably higher than it was last year, but having regard for the enfeebled class of
imbeciles and idiots with which this asylum is filled, we must expect a considerable varia-
tion in the death-rate from year to year. In all the institutions of my acquaintance,
similar to ours, there is a marked discrimination in the admission of patients, and only
those who are fairly healthy, and of average mental capacity, for idiots, are admitted.
Many of them reject epileptics, and all reject the specially deformed and crippled. By
reference to the statistical tables it will be seen that of the 22 deaths, 5 were the result
of epilepsy, or exhaustion from that dreadful malady, 5 from phthisis, and 5 from general
debility, which is a somewhat vague term, but I know of no other that will better describe
it. No sickness, nor no death resulted from any unsanitary condition of the buildings or
surroundings.
149
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Sanitation.
In the month of July last, a committee of the Provincial Board of Health visited
Orillia, and amongst other things inspected our system of water supply and sewage. In
their report to the town council they condemn the emptying of our sewage into Lake
Simcop, on the ground of pollution. They recommend the disposal of it on our land, on
a plan somewhat similar to the one adopted at the London Asylum. As their report was
published in our local newspapers, and caused considerable comment, I wrote a short
criticism, from which the following are some exti-acts : — " In the first place it is stated
(in the report) that the rising ground on which the building stands is stony, with a sub-
soil of sand and gravel. There are certainly stones galore, but as to sand and gravel,
there is none, except a small seam of sand under the north wirig of the main building,
but to the east and north there is absolutely neither sand nor gravel, as the contractors
who bad to excavate for our foundations can testify It is clay and hardpan, and boring
and blasting had to be resorted to in order to loosen it. . . . Now, as our soil is
non-permeable, the hill being as stated, clay and hardpan, and all our low land stiff clay,
it can be seen at once that this system cannot very well be adopted. But if it could,
what would be the result ? Simply to ruin our water supply which the committee so
highly commend. There is no doubt the water which breaks out in several places between
our buildings and the pumping house, is from the one source, and that these springs are
all connected. If our sewage is discharged where it is proposed (by the committee), and
irrigation could take place, the head of our water supply would be polluted at once, and
rendered unfit for use."
To me it seems absurd to suppose that a large lake, of say 400 square miles, can be
polluted with the sewage from a population of 600 or 700, more especially as there
is a strong current towards the outlet of those lakes. As at the old building, so at the
new, the outlet of the sewer is too near the shore. It is a pity the pipe into the lake
was not iron, instead of a wooden box, and extended beyond the shoals, into deep water.
If this were done we would hear no complaints about our sewage, more particularly if we
owned the land on the lake front, as we should do.
Land on Lake Front.
I would again call your attention to the desirability of purchasing, the strip of land
between us and the lake. The buildings are just 60 rods from the lake, and 75 feet
above the watf r level, and yet we have no access to it without passing through a point of
land, a few yards in width, belonging to a neighbor. It is of but little value to the owner,
but would be of much advantage to us, especially in connection with our sewerage, and
I would again earnestly recommend its purchase.
The Old Buildings.
As soon as we remove to the new asylum the old building should be closed for a few
months, and put in a thorough state of repair, for the reception of 120 or 130 adults of a
quiet harmless class. It will lequire new floors throughout, and I would recommend
ceiling with the patent sheet iron. The front verandah should be rebuilt, and a few
structural alterations made inside the building. There should be two new steel boilers,
similar to tliohe at the new l>uildings, the old ones being pretty well burned out. The
outlet pipes of the .sewer should be extended into the lake, out into deep water. As it is
now, and always has been, the mouth is only a few feet from the shore, where there is
only from 2 to 3 feet of water, as the lake rises and falls. Many conipliints are heard
from time to time about our sewage, and perhaps with some reason. It is a matter, how-
ever, that can be easily remedied, and should be done. As soon as the Town of Orillia
has an abundant supply of water, wo should have it supplied from that source for the
purely domestic purposes, water-closets, baths and cleaning operations being provided
for as at present.
150
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6.) A. 1891
Cottages for Employees, etc.
For tli^ proper working of the institution all the officers, and the principal employees
should live either in, or near the buildings, and not in the town two miles away — and to
secure this end cottages should be erected on the grounds for such as have families. The
officers, especially, should be within immediate reach of the Asylum in case an emergency
might require their presence. Nor is it reasonable or prudent to have departments in
the institution locked up and the keys two miles away. A few thousand dollars spent
in erecting cottages on the ground on the opposite side of the public road would be money
well expended, and I would respectfully recommend that such be done at an early date.
Gardener.
As much will depend on the manner in which our new grounds are laid out, and
made up, to give them the beautiful appearance their natural position afibrds, it would
be well to appoint a thoroughly competent gardener at once. Two years ago an appro-
priation was voted for this purpose, but for some reason, unknown to me, no appointment
was made. Two years were therefore lost, which might have been very profitably
employed on garden and grounds. Our site is so beautiful, and the possibilities for
making magnificent looking grounds are so great, that no more time should be lost in
making a commencement on them.
Baker.
The population of our asylum will have so increased very shortly, as to make it not
only desirable, but profitable, to employ a baker. During all the years we have been
here the bread has been supplied by contract, and in a very satisfactory manner. While
the population was small it doubtless paid to have it thus, but now with our large insti-
tution, and a splendid bakery, it would pay to make our own bread.
Fencing.
As you are aware nothing has been done, as yet, in the way of fencing our grounds.
We have had appropriations voted for this work on two diffisrent occasions, but they
were allowed to lapse for want of the necessary authority to go on with the expenditure.
It is only reasonable to ask that our land be enclosed with a respectable and durable
fence of some kind, especially along the public road. My own preference would be for
stone walls, such as those built by several farmers in this neighborhood. We have the
stones and a good part of the labor, and if we had an appropriation of a few hundred
dollars to employ one or two experts in this kind of fencing, we could make a good
beginning next summer.
Improvements.
Since my last report we have changed our system of gas making at the new asylum
The Mcllvanie system has been adopted here, and after several months' trial has proved
very satisfactory. Its chief recommendation is the small cost of production, being less
than 25 cents per thousand feet, after making a deduction of the by-product of charcoal
at the rate of 10 cents per bushel — a ready sale is made at this price. The quality of
gas is excellent, equal to the best city gas. It is made from a combination of wood and
petroleum. The retorts are filled with wood, and the petroleum passing through, the
two gases unite and pass through iron filings, thence through the washers and purifier
on to the holder. The process is very simple, and requires but little attention, and is
generated very rapidly.
A commodious carriage, and farm implement house, 60 x 50 feet, has been built. It
is in two compartments, the carriage house being 60 x 30 and that for the implements
60 X 20. A handsome barn for storing straw and hay has also been erected, so that now
with our fine stables and piggery, we have very respectable outbuildings.
151
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Work.
The boys have been constantly employed during the summer in clearing our grounds
of stone and grading. They also did a considerable amount of draining. A six inch
tile drain has been laid from the spring under the stables, down to the vicinity of the
coal sheds, where a large artificial fish-pond has been constructed. This proved to be a
work of considerable magnitude, and required a great deal of hard labor. The
attendants took a very active interest in this work, and I am afraid ruined some of their
clothing while employed at it. They also did a fair amount of tree planting, and as the
summer was eminently favourable the results have been very satisfactory. The girls find
ample employment in general domestic work, laundry and sewing rooms. Knitting is
quite an industry in the day-rooms, and of course is a source of profit as all the stockings
and socks are made by them
The School.
Our school work has gone on with a considerable degree of progress during the year.
Another teacher has been added to our staff", making it now three. There should have
been four teachers for the number of children under instruction, and as we will be mov-
ing to the new asylum early in the spring, with a large increase of children, I would here
strongly recommend that provision be made during the next .session of the Legislature
for two additional teachers at least, and a pianist. It is very important we should have
this latter officer, as the calisthenic and gymnastic exercises will be taught in the gym-
nasium, which will be occupied by some of the classes nearly every hour of the school
day, in charge of their respective teachers. One of the two teachers asked for should
have a good knowledge of the Kindergarten system — and the other should be well
experienced in the public school methods We have demonstrated beyond all question
that a large percentage of our children are capable of vast improvement — and it affords
me much pleasure to record my appreciation of the devoted labors of the teachers engaged
in this work. It certainly requires tact, great patience, and never ending efforts, to
develop intellectual growth where there is little or no intelligence — and this our teachers
are earnestly striving to do.
The New Buildings.
The main front buildings are now so near completion, they will have received their
finishing touches before this re])ort is in print, that it might not be amiss to give a short
description of them. For beauty and compactness ours is the finest public
institution in Ontario. It must be remembered the main building was specially
designed for school purposes, where children, can be trained and improved in
BO far as their physical imperfections, and mental deprivation* will permit,
and thereby rendered more helpful to themselves and their less fortunate fellow
inmates. For years I have been urging the erection of uuch an institution — but
this noble building surpasses anything that I had fondly hoped and looked for. On
entering the front door, through the tower, the visitor enters the hall of the administra-
tive part of the building, in which are the offices of the medical superintendent, bursar
and matron — a reception room, dispensary and lavatory. These offices are large, roomy
and pleasantly situated — the front ones overlooking the picturesque Lake Simcoe. Pass-
ing through a door from the front hall we enter a magnificent corridor 550 feet long, and
J 0 feet wide, extending to right and left to the north and south wings respectively.
There are 20 rooms opening out of this corridor, intended for class and teachers' rooms.
Two of these are large gymnasiums, b(!ing situated one in each wing for the boys and
girls respectively. The front of the building has three projections, the centre being the
offices, and considerably the largest. One of these projections is fitted up for the medical
superintendent's residence and has communication with the building by a door opening
from the verandah into the main corridor. From the door at main entrance th«re is a
continuous hall 250 feet long and 10 feet wide, extending to the kitchen, which occupies
a central position in the buildings. On either side of this hall are situated the officers*
152
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
and attendants' dining rooms, two courts, in which are large cisterns for soft water stor-
age, and two patients' dining rooms, each 74 x 30 feet. Then comes a cross hall separat-
ing the dining rooms from the kitchen, and continuing around either side of the latter
into covered passageways, connecting with the covered ways leading to the cottages north
and south. These cottages have been occupied for the last three years, and are admir-
ably adapted for the purpose for which they were built. The centre building in which
the kitchen is situated, also contains the stores, the laundry, the bakery and the boiler
house, all being roomy and in ketping with the general character of the buildings through-
out. The first and second floors of the main building are identical with the ground floor
in respect to corridors and rooms. These are to be used for dormitories and sitting
rooms. The amusement hall is situated over the large dining rooms, and is a magnificent
room 70 feet wide, and including the stage 83 feet long. This gives a floor space of 5,800
feet, perhaps the largest, certainly the handsomest asylum hall in the Province. The
ceiling is 24 feet high, and metallic, of a very pretty pattern. To this large hall there
are seven entrances, and of course as many exits. It is absolutely the centre of our
little world and is approached from every point of the compass. The floors throughout
the building are of hard wood, maple being chiefly used. The stairs of which there are
no less than eleven in the main building, are of oak. The ceilings are all metallic of
neat pattern and very tastefully painted. The lavatories, bath rooms, water closets and
the ventilation and heating are all of the most modern and approved description. In all
the large rooms, such as dining rooms, gymnasiums and large class rooms, the floors are
supported by rolled iron girders resting on cast iron pillars, starting from solid stone
footings in the basement. The two large rooms on second floor, above the gymnasiums,
are intended for hospital wards, and connected with them are the nurse's rooms, bath
rooms and water closets, ^or the purpose nothing could be finer, they are large, bright
and airy, and the view over Lake Simcoe, with its islands, bays and peninsulas, and the
villages and towns on the eastern and southern shores is something charming, and not
easily forgotten when once seen. A verandah opens from each, and is accessible to none
but the occupants of the hospital.
The architect, Mr. Kivas Tully, deserves much credit for the care and attention he
has given to the planning and construction of this admirable building. If this asylum is
the last of the public institutions erected, it can be truthfully said it is, all in all, the
best and most complete in its appointments ; and it is a grand culmination of his many
long years of faithful public service.
I cannot close this report without referring to the late Inspector, Dr. W. T. O'Reilly,
who died so suddenly at Kingston, last July. He always took a special interest in this
asylum, and was ever ready to listen to, and further any suggestion for its improvement.
It was very largely owing to his kind and sympathetic nature, that we now have such
an imposing pile of buildings, and I sincerely regret he did not live to see them com-
pleted, and occupied by the unfortunates who always commended his warmest sympathy.
Early in the year the bursar, Mr. B. Mullen resigned, after many years service, and
Mr, T. J. Muir our storekeeper was promoted to the position. He performs his duties
in an efficient and satisfactory manner, Mr. P. McAuley was appointed storekeeper and
is giving good satisfaction. No other changes occurred during the year,
I have the honor to be,
Sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. II. BEATON,
Medical SuperinUndent.
153
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT
Of the operations of the Asylum for Idiots, Orillia, for the year ending 30th
September, 1890.
TABLE No. 1.
Shewing movements of Patients in the Asylum for the official year ending 30th
September, 1890.
Male.
1
Female .
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total
Remaining, October 1st, 1889
158
11
169
151
17
309
Admitted during year :—
By Lieutenant-Governor's Warrant
Medical Certificate
1
10
4
13
5
23
28
Total number under treatment during year
168
337
Discharges during year : —
" unimproved
2
1
3
12
13
Total number of discharges during year
2
10
1
12
3
22
Died
25
Eloped
Remaining in Asylum, 30th Sept., 1890
157
155
312
31G
159
298
143
614
25
119
2
13
15
107
21
40
22G
2
34
'• died
" eloped
" transferred
302
" remaining, 30th Sept., 1890
157
165
312
226
172
398
ir,+
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 2
Shewing the maxiraam and minimum number of patients resident in the Asylum,
the total nutaber of days' stay of patients, and the daily average number of
patients in the Asylum, from the 1st October, 1889, to 30th September, ]890
•
Male.
Female.
Total.
Maximum number of patients in residence (on the 25th of Oct,). . .
Minimum " " " (on the 15th of August).
Collective days' stay of all patients in residence during year
156
158
57413
157.29
151
157
55944
153.40
307
315
113407
310 69
1
Admissions of
Year.
1
Total Admissions since
Opening.
Male.
1
Female .
tal.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Social State.
Married
6
Q
Widowed
Single
Not reported
11
17
28
316
292
608
316
298
Total
11
17
28
614
Religion
Presbyterians
1
4
1
2
5
3
1
1
6
7
2
3
55
66
74
6
52
71
81
14
107
137
155
20
Episcopalians ,
Methodists
Baptists
Congregationalists .
Roman Catholics |
1
3
4
53
6
3
37
3
1
■■■96**
9
4
Mennonites
Quakers ,
Infidels
Other denominations
1
1
3
1
4
2
28
8
45
8
31
16
76
Hot reported
Total
11
17
316
298
614
Nationalities.
English
1
1
1
1
2
2
27
27
20
212
3
11
16
22
22
11
216
6
8
13
49
49
31
428
9
19
29
Irish .' ........
Scotch
Canadian |
9
15
""'m"
United States
Other Countries
Unknown
Total
11
17
28
614
!
155
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 3.
Shewing the Counties from which patients have been admitted up to the 30th
September, 1890.
COUNTIES.
ADMIiTKD DdBING YeaR.
Total Admissions.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
•
Total.
Algoma District
Brant
Bruce
2
1
2
1
5
7
14
1
1
7
11
14
11
8
3
14
4
9
6
10
7
4
11
5
6
11
13
8
2
(1
1
2
5
7
0
1
9
5
16
13
3
5
8
15
11
8
4
3
8
3
12
2
5
13
8
8
8
6
5
1
4
6
16
1
r>
4
4
4
13
41
2
10
14
1
1
20
DufiFerin
2
Elgin
10
Essex
12
Frontenac
Grey
Haldimand
Halton .... .
1
1
2
1
2
1
27
27
14
15
Hastings
Huron
Kent
LambtoD
"" 2
11
1
2
1
29
15
17
10
Leeds and Grenville
1
2"
1
2
13
15
Lincoln
7
23
Muskoka District
7
Norfolk
11
Northumberland and Durham
1
1
1
1
24
Ontario
21
Oxford
16
1
Peel
10
Perth
1
1
12
^'rcncott and Russell. . .
6
1
1
1
24
8
(i
(i
1
9
15
46
r>
7
2
3
5
40
9
Victoria
11
Waterloo
10
Wflland
5
Wellington
Wcntworth
1
i
. ... 1
13
28
Vork
2
.3
5
87
Total admisiiionB
11
17
28
316
298
614
156
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 189]
TABLE No 4.
Shewing the Counties from which warranted cases have been admitted up to the
30th September, 1890.
COUNTIES.
Admitted Durino Year.
Total Admissions.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1
Total.
Algoma District
1
1
1
2
4
1
2"
3
4
3
9
4
2"
3
2
3
3
1
2
7
2
1
5
3
i
3
2
3
1
4
3
6
6
1
1
Bruce , ...
4
Carleton
7
Elgin
Essex
4
2
8
7
1
5
Frontenac
Grey
Haldimand
1
1
17
11
1
Halton ....
2
Hastings
2
4
5
6
Kent ,
3
Lambton
2
4
5
2
2
3
2
5
4
4
2
1
4
5
Lanark
5
Leeds and Grenville
7
Lennox and Addington
2
2
9
Lincoln
4
Middlesex . . ,
4
Muskoka District ,
2
Norfolk
10
Northumberland and Durham . ,
7
4
Oxford
3
Peel
4
Perth
6
Peterborouerh
3
Prescott and Russell
1
Henf rew
I
6
7
2
1
1
1
10
5
Simcoe
9
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
7
Victoria
2
Waterloo
1
Wellington
1
Wentworth
7
York
1
IB
Total admissions
5
100
89
189
1
157
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1S91
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing the length of Residence in the Asylum of those discharged during the
year ending 30th September, 1890,
No.
g564
652
490
Initials.
Sex.
C. J. C.
J. M...
C. F|...
M.
M.
F .
When admitted.
When discharged.
March 15th, 1889
November 7th, 1888
March 16th, "
January 1st, 1890 .
April 3rd, " .
May 30tli, " .
Remarks.
TABLE No. 6.
Shewing age, length of residence, and proximate cause of death of those who
died during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
No.
Initials.
Sex.
fiKfi
S. M
/F
/M
M
M
M
F
F
F
M
M
F
F
F
M....
F
F
M
F
M
F
F... .
M
V
J. G..
580
117
J. D
A. H
447
503
R. .1
C. A
?88
E. D
539
510
509
543
4:iO
H. P
G. D. R
C. .T. R
M. L
M R
'■)54
.T. T
4bH
.1. S
548
E. H
f;
.S. P
594
rm
595
2Xi
a58
451
W. .7. W. McC.
A. A. J
.1. R.N
P. R. R
E. P
J. M
Age.
20
55
10
35
48
21
26
30
48
9
47
33
41
9
IG
55
12
20
12
16
15
63
Date of Death.
October
November
24th, 1889
18th, "
26th, "
29th, "
7th, 1890
16th, "
February Ist, "
11th, "
11th, "
14th, "
20th, "
27th, "
l.Sth, "
26th, "
13th, "
26th, "
24th, "
14th,
December
January
April
May
June
July
AujfUHt
19th,
24th,
'h.
rl9th.
Residence in
Asylum.
13
12"
2
1
17
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
3
10
8
2
1
1
4
11
10
9
4
4
9
11
6
3
6
4
7
9
6
10
4
23
3
19
18
6
10
2
13
12
27
14
25
1
28
26
10
10
29
Proximate cause of
death.
Epilepsy.
Biocid jjoison.
General debility.
Phthisis.
Bronchitis.
General debility.
Epilepsy.
General debility.
Gastritis.
Phthisis.
General debility.
Phthisis.
(jeoeral debility.
Phthisis.
B ood poison.
Epilepsy.
Brain fever.
Enteric fever.
I'lithisis,
I'^pilepsy.
Tertiary syphilis.
158
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 7.
Shewing in quinquennial period the ages of those admitted, recovered and died
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Admitted.
Died.
JWXJllSJ,
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Under 15 ye
15 to 20 ye
ars
7
1
8
5
1
15
6
1
1
1
2
5
5
irs
4
3
1
1
4
20 " 25 '
3
25 " 30 '
1
1
1
1
30 " 35 '
1
35 " 40 '
1
1
1
40 " 45 '
1
1
1
45 " 50 '
1
1
1
1
2
3
50 " 55 '
55 " 60 '
'
1
1
1
2
60 " 65 '
1
Total
s
11
17
28
10
12
22
159
B4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing length of residence of those remaining in Asylum on the 30th
September, 1890.
roE
Q 1 to
2
months
i<
2
3
<(
tt
3
4
tt
ie
4
5
5
6
tt
tt
((
6
7
«
«
8
9
((
ti
9
10
.(
t(
10
11
((
tt
12
18
tt
i(
IS months to 2 j
<<
2 to
3
years
t(
3
<(
4
<(
4
"
5
u
5
((
6
«
6
(
7
((
7
((
8
ti
8
«
9
i<
9
It
10
t<
10
t<
15
4
2
7
1
4
1
2
3
2
18
5 14
72
9
23
6
9
8
, 45
6
76
Totals 312
160
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the nature of employment and the number of day's work performed by
patients during the year ending 30th September, 1890,
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT.
Carpenter's shop
Tailor's shop
Shoe shop
Engineer's shop
Blacksmith's shop
Mason work
Repairing roads
Wood yard and coal shed
Bakery
Laundry
Dairy
Butcher's shop and slaughter house
Piggery . .
Painting
Farm
Garden
Grounds
Stable
Kitchen
Dining rooms
Officers' quarters
Sewing rooms
Knitting
Spinning
Mending
Wards
Halls
Storeroom
General
Total
Days Worked,
a c §
Males.
306
1030
900
Females.
10
4
620
366
30
2
10
10
2
3
10
6425
730
730
730
365
2
40
6100
313
939
135
18553
3010
1460
2920
2920
365
500
3130
480
8050
23235
11 (A.)
161
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
Shewing the Counties and Districts from which the patients remaining in
residence on 30th September, 1890, were originally received.
COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS.
Algoma District
Brant ,
Bruce
Carleton
DufiFerin
Dundas
Durham
■ Elgin
Essex
Frontenac
Glengarry
Grenville
Grey
Haldimand
Halton
Hastings
Huron
Kent
Lambton
Lanark
Leeds
Lennox and Addington . . .
Lincoln
Middlesex
Muskoka District
Nipissing District
Norfolk
Northumberland
Ontario
Oxford
Parry Sound District
I'eel
Perth
Peterborough
Prescott
Prince Edward
Rainy Riv«r District
Renfrew
Russell
Simcoe
Stormont
Thunder Bay District
Victoria
Waterloo
Welland
Wellington
Wentworth
York
Not classed, unknown, etc.
Total..
Males.
Females.
9
2
4
7
12
5
4
2
1
8
1
4
1
3
G
27
167
3
2
4
3
6
24
155
162
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
REPORT OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE HOMEWOOD
RETREAT, GUELPH.
GuELPH, October 21st, 1890.
To the Inspector of Asylums, Toronto
Sir, — In transmitting to you the annual statistical tables of the opeiations of
" The Homewood Retreat, Guelph," it is appropriate that a short report from the
medical superintendent, commenting upon the institution and the experience herein
obtained, should accompany them.
From long and intimate knowledge of the public asylums of this province, gained
through their official connection with these institutions, the promoters of the " Home-
wood Retreat " were convinced that there existed a necessity for a private asylum for
the care and treatment of those cases of mental alienation drawn from the upper
walks of life to whom, and to whose relatives, the idea of being placed in a public
asylum was most repugnant and rendered still more severe the already sad affliction
pressing heavily upon them, if indeed it did not also tend to retard recovery.
Being satisfied of the desirability of such an institution, the promoters with much
care selected a beautiful, picturesque and attractive site in the outskirts of the city
of Giielph, comprising twenty acres of richly wooded, undulating ground, gradually
sloping to the banks of the river Speed, which forms its natural frontier boundary.
Upon this site, in a sequestered position, completely isolated from public gaze, has been
erected a handsome, substantial and suitable building, designed by those from lon^^
practical experience in this special work were well qualified to look to the minutise of
construction, furnishing and general arrangement.
That the Retreat has supplied a want in the province is evidenced by the fact that
although it has been in operation only a few years and its capacity is limited, a large num-
ber of afflicted have availed themselves of it, and the results of treatment have
been highly satisfactory. Before the building was completed or ready for occupation,
so many urgent applications for the care and treatment of inebriates were
pressed upon the promoters that it was found necessary to admit this class of
disease as well as those mentally afflicted, therefore special legislation was obtained
whereby this could be accomplished and the proper control of the patient efiected. Over
one hundred and fifty inebriates, comprising those addicted to a'.cohol, opium, chloral
cocaine and other drugs have had the advantages of the care and treatment to be
obtained only in such an institution. The gratifying results obtained in these cases
have more than demonstrated the utility of a haven of this nature, where patients can
obtain the necessary rest, seclusion and treatment. Many cures have been efiected
nearly all have been much benefited, a few proved incurable or incapable of deriving any
benefit.
In my annual report for 1888,1 dilated somewhat upon the subject of "alcoholic
inebriety," and emphasized the fact of its being a disease, requiring treatment based
upon the same principles which govern medical men in the treatment of other diseases.
Further experience only confirms the statements made at that time : it has nothing to
retract, much to add. Alcohol, however, is only one of the many forms of inebriety
with which we come in contact ; the sensitive, unstable and overworked nervous system
with which so many of the community are afflicted, calls out continually for some
stimulant, sedative or anodyne, to set it at rest, give it ease, or spur it on to the fulfil-
ment of its daily task. For this purpose all sorts of drugs are resorted to, amongst the
more prominent of which are opium, chloral and cocaine. AH of these cause the formation
of " a habit " — more properly speaking a disease — though these by no means complete the
list which is almost inexhaustible. Numerous as were the drugs used for these purposes
163
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
sometime ago they have increased in an aluimint; rate of late 3'ears. Modern chemistry
which is daily develo|iing and placing on the market new products of much value in the
armamentum of the general practitioner, by such products is putting in the hands of the
general public drugs which beini; potent for good are also potent for evil, pleasant to take,
relieving pain, care, anxiety and sleeplessness.
These modern remedies, alluring and insidious as they are, quietly but surely
make veritable slaves of their unfortunate victims, weaving shackles around them,
holding them as it were in a vice, in which they can neither go forward nor yet
retreat, and from which by their own unaided etforts they can never extricate themselves.
The only hope left is death, to end a miserable existence ; and when this does not come
soon enough, suicide terminates the suffeiing. How cruel does this seem : and yet it is
not more cruel than the unskilful efforts of well-meaning people, amateur doctors or family
physicians, who undertake the management and treatment of these cases. The popular idea
is acted on that this narcotic inebriety is only a vice, which the patient can at once abandon if
he onlv wishes to do so, and this is also the opinion of at least ninety per cent, of the medical
men of this province who are not themselves victims of drugs. Such ideas as to the
nature and treatment of these maladies have been enunciated in the public press, as the
following quotation from one of the leading Toronto dailies testifies. In speaking of the
morphia habit, it says: — "When the habit is once fairly formed the only hope is in absolute
and immediate abstinence. But how is this to be accomplished 1 Let any one read De
Quincey and think of something more difficult and more horrible still. Nothing but
regular physical restraint will do."
At the time the above appeared, I entered an earnest protest in the same journal
against the barbarous treatment thus advocated. The person who penned these lines
knew not whereof he wrote. Bad as he portrays the suffering to be, he can have no con-
ception of the reality, otherwise he would not advise any one to set out on such a perilous
journey. He has fallen into the popular error prevalent not only amongst the laity, but
I am sorry to say, entertained and put into practice by many physicians : — " That total
and immediate abstinence is the only hope." What a " slough of despond " is here 1
What utter loss of hope does this present to the mind of each and every opium taker 1
God help the unfortunate victim who is submitted to this " rack and thumb screw "
line of treatment. It is cruel, inhuman, dangerous, unscientific and unnecessary.
It is quite true that many have been thus emancipated from their terrible enslave-
ment, but they have secured their freedom at the expense of an unwarrantable amount of
sutiering, from which it has taken them months to recover or from which they never fully
recovered, ending their days perhaps in a lunatic asylum. It is also true that many
valuable lives that might have been saved have been sacrificed by such mismanagement.
The picture painted by De Quincey, of his *' Iliad of Woes," is not aii
overdrawn one, and any person who has helped to nurse a patient through
this fearful ordeal of the abrupt withdrawal of the narcotic will never
want to see it repeated. Suicide under such circumstances is not uncommon, the
tendency to it is almost universal, and nothing short of seclusion together with the ever
watchful attention of a trusty nurse, day and night, will prevent the act being com-
mitted. Dr. Hughes truly says: — " Medical men of heroic therapeutic proclivities who
advise the abrupt abandoning of the drug, overlook the fact that there is not only a
special pathological condition caused by the drug itself, but also a shattered nervous system
to leconstruct. To throw upon such an one the burden of entire withdrawal, is to unmask
a battery of horrors he had little dreamed of. The tyrant opium is bad enough with-
out a tyrant physician to minister to its enthralling subject."
The only rational and humane plan of treating the opium habit is to rebuild the
bioken down nervous system and at the same time gradually, yes very gradually, with-
draw the drug. This latter is Vjest accomplished by taking a little from each dose, perhaps
not more than the one hundredth of a grain at a time ; this must be done evenly and
nK'thodically, otherwise failure and sulfering are inevitable. As the trained musician will
tune his violin to concert pitch without dilliculty, while the bungler will snap a string at
half the strain ; so it is in the management of these cases
164
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 6). A. 1891
Under such a course at least seventy per cent, of opium habituates who are free
from serious organic disease,'can he safely and painle.«sly cured, but time is required to attain
this end, and cateris parihiis within certain limits the more time that can be spent over it
the less discomfiture will there be experienced.
Such was the protest I published nearly three years ago. The line of treatment herein
outlined is that followed out in the Homewood Retreat. It is grateful and rf assuring to
the patients, imbues them with fresh hope, makes life worth living with something to look
forwaid to, and is satisfactory in the ultimate result.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
STEPHEN LETT,
Medical Superintendent.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 6).
A. 1891
HOME WOOD RETREAT.
ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT
Of the operations of the Homewood Retreat, Guelph, for the year ending
80th September, 1890.
TABLE No. L
Shewing movements of patients in the Asylum for the official year ending
30th September, 1890.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female .
Total.
Remaining October 1st, 1889
9
4
9
6
18
10
13
4
9
15
5
10
Admitted during the year :
28
Discharges during the year : —
As recovered
2
3
2
5
2
2
1
1
Total number of discharges during the year
Died
5
7
1
1
Eloped
Remaining in Asylum 30th September, 1890
9
19
62
53
50
40
112
" discharged
43
9
1
38
2
81
11
1
" died
' ' eloped
93
'* remaining 30th September, 1890
9
10
19
Inebriate Branch.— Table No. 1.
Remaining October Ist, 1889
8
22
8
22
23
Admitted during the year
30
23
23
23
Remaining in Aaylum 30th September, 1890
7
134
127
7
7
17
17
151
" diucharged
" died
124
1
2
17
141
1
2
' ' eloped
144
7
166
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
UPON THE
COMMON GAOLS. PRISONS.
AND REFORMATORIES,
OF THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER,
. 1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO :
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, G8 AND 70 FRONT STREET WEST,
1891.
54 Victoria. Session? ,1 Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Office of the
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario.
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, October, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith, to be presented to His Honour
the Lieutenant-Governor, the Twenty-third Annual Report upon the Common
Gaols, Prisons and Reformatories of the Province of Ontario, being for the official
year ending on the 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Ins'pector.
The Honourable
J. M. Gibson, M:.P.P.,
Secretary of the Province of Ontario,
Toronto.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Common Gaols
Decrease in number of commitments ^
Commitments, Table of, since 1868 ^
o
Table No. 1, givins; details of commitments **
Causes for which prisoners were committed. 1877-1890 4
Crimes against the person, Table of
" " property "
" " public morals and decency, Table of «>
Offences against public order and" peace, Table of ^
Other causes for which persons were detained, Table of ^
Drunkenness, decrease in commitments for "
Drunkenness, Table of commitments for '
Disposition made of persons committed
Convicted persons, place where sentenced to , °
Crimes and offences of which sentenced persons were convicted 8-9
Periods of sentence awarded ^"
Sex of persons committed ■*■"
Nationalities of persons committed
Religious denomination of persons committed i 1"
Social condition of persons committed 11
Habits of persons committed
Educational status of persons committed H
Prisoners in custody on 30th September, 1890 H
Expenditure, Table of
12
Statistical Tables <
Table No. 2, showing the total number of prisoners in the several gaols on the
.30th September, 1890, and the nature of their imprisonment 13
Table No. 3, showing the number of prisoners over and under 16 ypars of age,
the number of re-committals, the number of persons acquitted on being
brought to trial, and the number of persons committed under civil processes. 14-15
Table No. 4, shewing the offences for which prisoners were committed 16-19'
Table No. 5, shewing the total number of prisoners, male and female, committed
under each offence, during the year 20
Table No. 6, shewing the number of prisoners, male and female, sentenced during
the year, and a comparison of the same with the preceding year 21
Table No. 7, shewing the number of prisoners upon whom sentence was passed,
the nature and periods of the sentences, and the operation of the County
Judge's Criminal Courts 22-23
Table No 8, shewing the offences for which prisoners were sentenced 24-27'
Table No. 9, shewing the to'.al number of prisoners, male and female, bentenced
under each offence.
28-
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7.) A. 1891
Statistical Tables — Continued. pagi.
Table No. 10, shewing the nationalities, religious denominations, social state, etc.,
of the prisoners committed 29
Table No. 11, shewing the occupations, trades or callings of the prisoners com-
mitted during the year 31-33
Table No. 12, shewing the number of escapes and deaths, the revenue derived
from prison labor, the cost of diet, the accommodation of the gaols and the
higliest and lowest number of prisoners in custody in each gaol during the
year 34^35
Table No. 13, shewing how the prisoners committed during the year were main-
tained, the cost thereof and the salaries of officials 36-37
Table No. 14, shewing the daily cost per prisoner in each of the gaols of the
Province, for the year ending 30th September, 1890 38
Separate Reports upox Common Gaols 39-64
Barrie Gaol 39-40
Berlin " 40
Belleville Gaol 40-41
Brantford " 41
Brampton " 41-42
Brockville " 42-43
Bracebridge Gaol 43-44
Cayuga *' 44
Cornwall " 44
Cobourg " ... 44-45
Chatham 45-46
Goderich " 46^7
Guelph " 47
Hamilton " 47
Kingston " 48
London " " 48-49
Lindsay " 49
L'Orignal " 49-50
Milton " 50
Napanee " 50-51
Ottawa " 51-52
Owen Sound " 52-53
Orangeville " 53
Perth " 53
Pictf.n " 53-54
Pembroke " 54
Peterborough Gaol
Port Arthur Gaol 55
i'arry Sound " 65
Ilat Portage " 55
Simcoe " 66
St. Catharines " 66
Saniia " 56-o7
Stratford " 57
vi.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Sepakate Reports upon Common Qaols-
Sandwich Gaol
St. Thoiuas "
Sault Ste. Marie Gaol :
Toronto "
-Continued.
Walkerton
Woodstock
Welland
Whitby
Mattawa
Sudbury
North Bay
Lock-up .
PAGE.
58
58-59
59
60-61
61
62-63
63
63
64
64
64
Cknteal Prison 65-94
Table of committals, discharges, etc ... g5
Comments thereon gc
Nature of sentence awarded •. gg
Periods of sentence, Table of 66-67
Nationalities of prisoners committed
Religious denominations of prisoners committed
Civil condition " "
Social habits " "
Educational status " "
Percentage of prisoners reported to be temperate
" of totally uneducated prisoners
Maintenance expenditure, Table of
Manufacturing operations — cost of carrying on
Revenue derived from
Decrease in revenue
Days' work done by the prisoners. Table of
Proportion of productive labor to total stay
Transferring prisoners, cost of
Discharged prisoners, places sent to
Minutes of inspection ,
Report of Warden 76-80
Statistical tables 81-87
Report of Superintendent of Sunday Schools
" Prisoners' Aid Association
" Prison Schoolmaster
' ' Surgeon .
68-
68
68
68
68
68
68
69
70
70
70
71
71
72
72
4-76
Rbformatory for Females and Refuge for Girls
Introductory remarks
Movements of inmates of Reformatory and Refuge, Tables of
Maintenance of expenditure. Table of
Industrial Department, summary of work done and revenue received
Minutes of inspection 97-98
Report of Superintendent 101-104
Statistical tables of Reformatory 305-109
" ^<^f"fe'« 99-101
vii.
88-89
89
90-91
92-69
95-114
95
95
96
96-97
■54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No.^7). A. 1891
— ■ . n
Reformatory for Females and Refuge for Giels — Contitiued. page.
Report of Surgeon 110-114
" upon Sunday School 109-110
Reformatory for Boy.s 115-128
Inti'odnction 115
Committals and discharges ' 115
Maintenance expenditure, Table of 115
Minutes of inspection 116
Report of School Inspector 116-117
" Superintendent 118-124
Statistical tables 125-127
Report of Protestant Chaplains 128
" Roman Catholic Chaplain 129-130
Protestant Schoolmaster 130-132
Roman Catholic Schoolmaster 133-135
Report of Surgeon 136
vm
5i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
COMMON GAOLS, PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES.
TWENTY-THIRD
ANNUAL REPORT
OP THK
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
FOR THK
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, November 1890.
To the Eonourahle Sir Alexander Campbell, K. C. M. G., Lieutenant-Governor
of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please your Honour: —
I beg to submit herewith the Twenty-third Annual lieport upon the
Common Gaols, Prisons and Reformatories for the year ending on 80th Septem-
ber, 1890.
I have the honour to be,
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
1 (G.)
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
COMMON GAOLS.
The following table shews the number of prisoners committed to the Com-
mon Gaols of the Province in each year from the 1st October, 1868, to the 30th
September, 1890.
DATE OF COMMITMENT.
Commitments for the year ending 30th Sept., 1869,
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
II II II 1874.
1875.
I. 1876.
1«77
1878.
1879.
1880.
„ „ .. 1881.
1882.
1883.
„ II II 1884.
I, II II 1885.
1886.
1887.
„ I. 11 1888.
II .1 II 1889.
.1 1890.
3599
4215
4586
5006
5745
7298
8048
9005
11053
9537
8995 I
8829
7007
7286
7858
9858
9419
8831
8996
10060
10349
9(i22
294
319
329
281
323
377
389
434
542
480
416
549
468
522
423
458
450
352
409
551
451
4(il
> ^
1680
1737
1642
1615
1735
1746
15GG
1727
1824
1959
1756
1863
1681
1750
1551
1719
1507
1424
1574
1778
1685
1677
82
108
58
56
74
67
70
70
62
54
53
59
73
62
48
46
50
38
38
65
46
50
5655
637»
661&
695»
7877
948&
10073
11236-
13481
12030-
11220
iisoa
9229
9620'
9880
12081
11426
10C45
11017
12454
12531
11810
It will be sren from the fi/^uies that tlic total commitments numbered 11,810,
a reduction of 721 as compared with the previous year, or rj.78 \)cv cent.
2
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7.)
A. 1891
The next table shows the number of prisoners (male and female) committed
to each gaol during 1881) and 18U0, and the increase and decrease in the commit-
ments of the latter year as compared with the former.
NAME OF GAOL.
Number of
prisoners committed
in the year ended
Sept. 30th, 1890.
Number of
persons committed
in the year ended
Sept. 30th, 1889.
Increase.
Decrease
0)
a
1
0
El
1
Is
a
Is
0
H
,2
a
'3
"0
H
r2
'3
a
Is
0
Eh
Barrie
169
84
185
312
206
158
81
180
91
114
208
79
79
834
210
656
58
23
324
69
605
135
55
72
43
45
146
33
42
71
58
73
220
112
132
120
50
3015
73
221
218
57
5
24
29
17
2
"■97'
11
69
1
19
90
27
6
15
31
11
20
10
4
9
15
17
5
10
107
27
98
13
2
3
5
112
16
10
16
0
9
15
4
" i
3
7
16
10
19
12
2
969
12
9
4
10
""1
10
"is
'4
1730
196
90
200
343
217
178
91
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
754
71
25
327
74
717
151
65
88
45
54
161
37
42
72
61
80
236
12.^
151
132
52
3981
85
230
222
67
5
25
39
17
2
"loi'
11
87
1
19
94
195
112
197
377
244
]60
84
116
81
118
174
66
72
800
280
919
56
27
324
30
520
173
65
65
53
68
95
46
38
108
99
81
248
]45
181
155
118
3119
92
377
174
68
3
28
19
31
5
'"50
5
78
4
18
87
24
8
25
28
9
19
16
6
6
15
34
8
15
125
23
123
7
2
8
14
121
19
6
13
7
16
6
3
7
9
18
13
5
21
26
9
832
12
20
8
19
""1
4
'"16
1
1
5
1732
219
120
222
405
253
179
100
122
87
133
208
74
87
925
254
1042
63
29
332
44
641
192
3
3
26
28
12
65
38
2
3
■■■■4
"'21'
263
■■■■4'
2
10
"'e'
2
"'i7
3
5
18
"'25'
""5
9
9
3
""1
2
3
6
6
11
""2
14
7
"ii
4
9
28
30
22
Belleville
....
3
2
1
3
2
1
65
38
2
9
Brampton
Brockville
Bracebridge
Cayuga
Cornwall
Cobourg
64
10
■■■3
64
13
2
4
Chatham
Goderich
Guelph
Hamilton
34
13
7
34
■■■4
34
13
7
34
4
17
3
6
18
21
288
Kingston
London
Lindsay
L'Orignal
2
6
8
4
Milton .
5
Napanee
Ottawa
39
85
39
85
"'38'
10
"'io'
23
"'is"
"'37
41
8
28
33
49
35
68
104
19
1.56
"ii
■■■■4
9
9
41
10
"' io
23
\
Oratigeville
Perth
Picton
Pembroke
71
78
53
75
111
52
41
115
108
99
261
150
202
181
127
3951
104
397
182
87
3
29
23
31
5
'"50
5
94
5
18
92
""7
■"5i'
""4
4
3
2
2
4
10
2
2
51
"4
Port Arthur
Rat Portage
If)
3
43
47
19
St. Catharines . .
Sarnia
Stratford
3
6
3
5
28
33
51
St. Thomas.
49
Sault Ste. Marie.
...
75
104
19
Toronto
Walkerton . .
137
137
167
4
20
Welland
Whitby
Gore Bay
Little Current
Manitowaning
44
44
» ^
'■'10'
G
2
"ie
""4
Mattawa
Minden
14
3
14
3
Haliburton
'"47
6
'"'1'
3
Sudbury
4
""2
51
6
2
*"i
3
Huntsvjlle
yoTi Wi-lliam
Burk's Falls
9
3
'1
9
4
North Bay
1
1
Total
10080
11810
110799
12531
463
190
653
1182
192
1374
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
The nociceable features are the considerable decreases at London and Wood-
stock, in the former case the commitments being reduced from 1,042 to 754, and
in tlie latter from 397 to 230. There has also been a falling off in the number of
commitments in thirty-one out of the remaining tifty-two gaols and lock-ups.
The number of commitments in each of the past fourteen years is shewn in
the subjoined tables, divided into five classes : —
1.— CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON.
Natuuh of Cbimk.
Assaultt common
" felonious
Cutting and wounding, stabbing and
sh((Oting with intent
Rai>e, and assault with intent
Murder
Manslaughter
Attempt at suicide
Miscellaneous
Total
1877
641
134
92
39
39
7
7
31
990
1878
724
98
71
37
24
6
11
38
1009
1879
549
125
62
45
25
60
fi
25
847
1880
623
85
63
44
42
7
9
31
904
1881
^56
8S
40
36
23
7
8
95
853
1882
576
124
73
56
29
10
43
920
1883
572
51
52
46
30
12
8
48
859
1884
586
146
50
44
45
20
10
32
933
1885
672
169
46
68
25
12
5
46
1043
1886
501
186
94
39
32
6
10
39
907
1887
469
153
99
31
19
13
8
46
838
1888
482
210
94
40
37
21
7
32
923
1889
534
1»7
13S
39
31
18
9
2
968
1890
476
157
96
59
28
18
10
26
870
2.— CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY.
Natuuu ov Cuimk.
Arson and incendiarism
Burglary
Counterfeiting and passing counterfeit
money
I>eHtroying and injuring property.. . .
Erab'fzzlement
Korg<!iy
Fraud, and obtaining money or goods
ander faUe ((retences. .
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing
HouHel)reaking and robbery
Larceny
Ki^ceiving stolen goods
THfupa-Hi*
Mi»';ellaneou«
Total 2773 2G«6 2523 2523
' I I
1877
1878
1879 1880
49 31
103 93
23 10 191 15
11 5 138 126' 130
24 29 28' 23
311 48 64! 50
137 151
84^ 8!)
43 57
131 101
86' 70
102 103
2070 1818 1026 1669
38, 641 38 42
73 1031 122 123
1881
42 43
29 73 78
22
44
15
67
17
30
82
54
80
1363
26
112
1882
1990
23
63
11
138
19
34
1883
1S84
47 24
61 44
106 106
73 1 49
67 61
1401 1278
45 1 33
liol 120
85 93
2176 19S9
1885 1886
35 43
51 73
5 10
122 112
36 32
30 60
113
63
156
1742
34
238
69
1887
1888
15 26
149 118 1 85
73 77! 79
146 124 112
1589 1396 1370
38] 471 27
2221 195 212
971 62 90
2676 2614 2314 2183
I I I
75
32
64
136
80
l.V.
1698
38
315
85
281:
1889
1890
42
81
5
96
25
40
125 98
81 1 45
164 159
1606
48
329
2636
1590
50
314
78
2623
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
3.-CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS AND DECENCY,
Nature of Crime.
Bigamy
Inmates and frequenters of houses of
ill-fame
Keeping houses of ill-fame
Perjury
Seduction
Indecent assault and exposure
Miscellaneous
Total
1877
12
137
89
32
2
27
116
415
1878
9
197
117
25
2
40
129
519
1879
14
189
92
25
2
41
89
449
1880
5
236
134
27
■•4o
50
492
1881
6
171
102
15
"38
67
399
1882
10
194
137
15
"32
78
466
1883
6
133
130
8
1
45
13
366
1884
7
183
106
12
"48
62
418
1886
13
172
85
19
2
40
45
376
1886
13
181
71
5
"48
28
346
1887
15
146
89
14
8
48
80
401
1888
8
190
110
21
U
64
39
446
1889
16
136
103
25
19
76
69
434
12
207
111
11
10
66
12
429'
4. -OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER AND PEACE..
Nature of Crime.
Abusive and obscene language
Breaches of peace, breaches of by-laws,
escapes from and obstructing con-
stables
Carrying unlawful weapons
Deserting employment
Drunk and disorderly
Selling liquor without license, and
selling or giving it to Indians. . . .
Threatening and seditious language. .
Vagrancy
Miscellaneous
Total
1877
73
90
25
21
4032
160
48
3888
217
1878 1 1879 1880 1881
101
143
37
27
3785
153
36
2524
260
72
130
27
10
3581
122
48
2536
174
1882 1883 1884
95
109
C5
83
34 1 43
271 18
56
91
1885
1886,1887 1888,1889,1890'
87
137
42 35
41! 30
76
44
50
156 1171 136
49 291 38
8 31 4
3795 3328,3497:3895 4650,3696'3555
115
48
2210
207
83
57
1580
131
70 53
26| 50
1449,1554
120 227
711 60
22 47
2130'2455
179l 220
8544 7066 6700 6640 5388 '5391 6068 1 7341 6671
42
166
35
6
49] 70
68
1671 163
42
7
4130 4451
106 128 246
52 43 38
2243,2192 2.'^01
166 1451 213
29
6
4777
157
40
2174
316
6350 6886 7514 7722
166
34
2
457»
90
40
1958
212
7133
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
5.— OTHER CAUSES FOR WHICH PERSONS WERE DETAINED AS PRISONERS.
Nature o» Crime.
1877.
136
60
17
336
41
159
1878.
1879.
1880.
ISO
86
18
346
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1880.
Contempt of court ....
Debtors
Detained as witnesses.
Lunatics and persons
dangerous to be at
large
183
67
31
SO-
SO
173
149
72
12
339
124
46
17
338
76
59
16
432
97
64
21
345
107
53
19
433
120
63
18
433
113
47
20
470
Ill
60
15
460
120
78
31
473
134
107
49
437
130
63
23
491
Non-payment of fines
and costs
Want of sureties to
keep the peace
129
111
74
599
88
101
101
88
78
63
57
45
49
Total
749
750
701
741
688
9620
628
9880
713
12081
722
11426
728 709
10645 11017
759| 772
1
12454112521
1
755
Total number of per-
sons committed for
the respective years..
13481
12030
11220
11300
9229
11810
Compared with the previous year the commitments under the first heading
show a general decrease.
The committals for crimes against property also show a slight decrease in
the total.
The .same remark applies to the third division of the foregoing table.
Under the fourth head, offences against public order and peace, there is a de-
crease of 589, principally due to the fewer commitments for drunkenness and
vagrancy, there being a decrease of 204 in the former, and of 206 in the latter.
The ratio which the commitments for drunkenness bears to the total commit-
ments is 38.72 per cent. In 1889 the ratio was 38.12 per cent. ; in 1888, 35.74
per cent. ; and in 1887, 37.49 per cent.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
A table shewing the number of commitmets to each gaol for drunkenness during
the years 1S8.5, 18SG, 1887, 1888, 1889 and 1890 is annexed. The figures for
1889 and 1890 are compared and the increases or decreases in each place are
shewn.
Commitments for
drunkenness dur-
ing year ending
30th Sept., 1885.
Commitmenta for
drunkenness dur-
ing year ending
30th Sapt., 1886.
Commitmenta for
drunkenness dur-
ing \ear ending
80th Sept., 1887.
Commitments for
drunkenness dur-
ing year ending
30th Sept., 1888.
Commitments for
drunkenness dur-
ing year ending
30th Sept., 1889.
•^35^
m M * -
PIS'
'- a ^
g-a.Sco
O
34
17
49
182
30
58
15
15
25
38
71
5
10
418
129
832
5
Increase or
Decrease dur-
ing TEAR ENDING
30th Sept-, 1890.
NAME OF GAOL.
ej
l->
o
a
l-H
2"
6
■""io""
10
3
2'
a3
5
0
P
31
T
45
28
24
80
67
18
3
26
18
3
32
368
74
277
30
3
9
6
205
36
1
6
41
11
27
66
35
4
34
91
8
36
7
15
1
15
14
4
12
385
58
338
1
1
13
3
280
20
3
4
54
2
13
30
16
g
51
112
10
24
7
17
4
I
22
373
108
404
1
28
12
67
147
24
31
3
24
7
12
9
4
21
429
107
408
4
46
20
39
218
28
52
25
25
29
28
61
2
10
401
139
540
3
2
13
4
276
27
4
2
38
4
20
18
16
74
17
33
99
16
47
23
30
2,096
8
55
21
5
1
14
18
8
1
12
3
Belleville
36
Brampton
10
10
Cornwall
4
Cobourg
Goderich
io
London ,
208
Lindsay
L'Orignal ....
Milton
2
5
8
286
21
3
9
20
2
11
28
1
56
5
21
38
12
45
25
74
2.166
6
32
19
7
297
29
1
4
45
"26"
16
1
73
3
28
64
9
46
29
103
2,098
22
C4
12
9
22
3."6
17
2
5
33
1
45
12
9
66
3
24
108
14
35
20
12
2,085
6
51
16
2
4
19
33
7
2
""is"
60
.... ^.,
""25"
9'
3
5
15
i"
4
Napanee
Owen Sound
10
Orangeville
2
Perth .
Picton
5
3
Port Arthur .
e"
7
Rat Portage
87
4
29
130
17
47
57
2
1,707
53
6
21
72
15
31
30
1
1,705
2
28
40
8
14
9
Stratford
2"
12
St. Thomas
3
18
11
2
"Woodstock
21
3
4
4
Welland
5
^Vhitby
3
Lock-ups :—
4
2
5
5
3
2
11
5
Little Current
7
3
6
3
13
13
Mattawa
i"'
2
1
36
8
64
27
2
59
9
45
1
43
1
28
3
55
3
47
1
35
1
10
2
4
Huntsville
17
Fort William
Bruce Mines .... . . .
7
Burk's Falls
2
Total
3,696
.3,555
4,130
5,451
4,777
4.573
222
426
with 1889
204
54: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
The disposition made of the persons committed to the t^oals of the Province
is set forth in the table printed below :
Acquitted on beini]j brought to trial, and discharged 2,611
Discharged without trial by order of judges, magistrates
and courts, including I'emand cases 876
Detained for want of -securties to keep the peace 67
Detained as witness 22
Detained as fraudulent debtors 63
Detained as lunatice, idiots and persons unsafe to be at large. 491
Died before trial 9
Detained bj' civil processes other than above 19
Waiting trial and otherwise detained on the 30th Sept., 1889. 124
Found guilty and sentenced 7,528
Total number of commitments 11,810
The places of confinement to which the 7,528 convicted person were sen-
tenced are set forth in the followine: statement, and similiar imformation is iiiven
as regards the sentenced prisoners of the previous years :
1889. 1890.
Sentenced to Kingston Penitentiary 172 167
do to the Reformatory for Boys 79 69
do direct to the Central Prison 475 484
do to the Common Gaols and subsequent
transferred to the Central Prison . . 276 228
do direct to the Reformatory for Females. 98 87
do to Commora Gaols and subsequently
transferrod to the Reformatory for
Females 30 25
do to the Common Gaols and the detained
uatii the expiration of sentence.. 6,562 6,438
Died while undercroinor sentence 35
Total 7,692 7,528
The summaries given below show the nature of the offences committed bj
the convicted prisoners :
1. Crimes against the Person.
Assault, common
A.ssault, felonious
Cutting and wounding, stabbing, and shooting
with intent
Rape, and assault with intent
Murder
Manslaughter
Attempted suicide
Miiicellaneous
Total .S'.)3 531
Total com-
mitments for
the year.
Number
found guilty
and sentenced
476
316
157
98
96
51
59
19
28
7
18
11
10
4
49
2/)
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No 7).
A. 1891
2. Crimes against Property.
Total com- Number
mitments for found g'uilty
the year. aud sentenced.
Arson and incendiarism 42 5
Burglary 81 57
Counterfeiting and passing counterfeit money . . 5 1
Destroying and injuring property 96 69
Embezzlement 25 13
Forgery 40 13
Fraud, and obtaining money and goods under
false pretences 98 49
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing 45 22
Housebreaking and robbery 159 101
Larceny 1,590 937
Receiving stolen goods 50 22
Trespass 814 263
Miscellaneous ....
Total 2,545 1,552
3. Crimes against Public Morals and Decency.
Bigamy 12 9
Inmates and frequenters of houses of ill-fame .... 207 93
Keeping houses of ill-fame Ill 65
Perjury 11 7
Seduction 10 3
Indecent assault and exposure 66 47
Miscellaneous 118 77
Total 535 301
4. Offences against Public Order and Peace.
Abusive and obscene language 58 52
Breaches of peace, breaches of by-laws, escapes
from ond obstructing constables 166 125
Carrying unlawful weapons 34 30
Deserting employment 2 1
Drunk and disorderly 4,573 .S,334
Sellinc{ liquor without a license, and selling or
giving it to Indians 90 81
. Threatening and seditions language 40 8
Vagrancy 1,958 1,275
Miscellaneous 2o6 119
Total 7,157 5.025
Contempt of Court loO 119
Total 11,260 7,5:>8
The convictions represent 63.74 per cent, of the commitments, being a higher
ratio than that of last year, while it will be remarked that a much smaller num-
ber of commitments for drunkenness is shown in 1890 than in the previous
year.
9
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7.). A. 1891
The following tables shew the periods of sentence passed on the convicted
prisonei's, and the sex, nationalitties. religious denominations, social conditions,
habits, etc., of the total number of prisoners committed :
Periods of Sentence.
1889. 1890.
For periods under thirty days 3,117 2,8G4
For thirty days, and up to sixty days, or two
months, not includinof the last term 2,248 2,522
For sixty days, or two months Go9 589
Over two months to three months 4G6 453
Oyer three months to four months 181 138
Over four months to five months 58 38
Over five months to six months 428 397
Over six months to nine months 71 85
f Over nine months up to one year inclusive 99 101
Over one year and up to two years 113 99
Over two years and up to three years in the
Penitentiary 05 82
Over three years in the Penitentiary 102 84
For periods of anv length in the Reformatory for
Boys ."^ 81 70
Sentenced to death and executed 4
Sentenced to death and commuted to imprison-
ment 1 , , . .
Sentenced to imprisonment with corporal punish-
ment o. . 3 2
Total 7,G92 7,528
Sex.
Male G,G08 0,404
Female 1,084 1,125
Total 7,092 7,528
Nationalities.
Born in Canada 0,270 0,128
Born in England 2,142 1,93G
Born in Ireland 2,370 2,148
Born in Scotland G44 590
Born in the United States 840 724
Bjrn in other conntries 205 278
Total 12,531 11,810
Religious Denominations.
Roman Catholic 4,544 4,359
Church of England 3,870 3,031
Pres})yterian 1,010 1 ,498
Methodist 1,082 1,024
Other Denominations 819 098
Total 12,531 11,810
10
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7 )-
A. 1891
Social Conditions.
1889. 1890.
Married 4,637 4,285
Unmarried 7,894 7.525
Total 12,531 11,810
Habits.
Temperate 3,798 3,332
Intemperate 8,733 8,478
Total 12,531 11,810
Educational Status.
Could read and write 9,933 9,362
Could neither read nor write 2,598 2,448
Total 12,531 11,810
The number of prisoners confined in the various custodial institutions of the
Province at the close of the past official year, and of the year preceding is
•exhibited in the following summar3' :
1889. 1390.
In the Common Gaols 675 631
In the Central Prison, Toronto. 352 348
In the Reformatory for Boys, Penetanguishene .... 210 201
In the Reformatory for Females and Refuge for
Girls, Toronto ' 131 127
In the Dominion Penitentiary, Kingston 573 579
Total 1,941 1,886
Gaol Expenditures.
The usual table is appended shewing the cost of maintaining the Common
d-aols during the past thirteen years, under the headings of rations, clothing, f ueb
^salaries and wages, and repairs :
Total number of
prisoners in
Cost of rations,
clotiiingr, fuel,
etc., each year.
Cost of salaries,
and wages of
Cost of repairs.
Total gaol ex-
YEAR.
custody each
year.
gaol officials
each year.
penditure.
$ c.
$ 0.
$ c.
$ c.
1878
12,030
60,217 83
63,591 11
7,307 06
131,116 60
1879
11,220
58,856 24
63,914 40
5,583 44
122,355 08
1880
11,300
49,037 14
64,084 34
3,504 96
116,626 44
1881
9,229
45,001 05
63,502 00
3,410 12
111,915 15
1882
9,620
44,768 92
63,794 30
4,665 53
113,228 75
1883
9,880
44,783 50
64,635 96
4,706 20
114,425 66
1884
12,081
51,909 89
68,446 88
7,125 50
127,482 27
1885
11,426
54,321 35
70,344 96
5,081 55
129,747 86
1886
10,645
53,300 43
71,690 76
8,753 07
133,744 26
1887
11,017
48,650 27
71,291 58
6,146 71
126,088 66
1888
12,454
53,961 25
73,673 11
6,509 13
134,143 49
1889
12,531
55.002 89
77,667 84
3,313 20
135,983 93
1890
11,810
51,446 99
79,394 49
9,171 01
140.012 49
11
5i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
A summary is given below shewing the days stay respectively of those
prisoners whose maintenance was chargeable to the Province and of those who
were a charge on the Municipalities :
2,964) Criminal prisoners remained in Gaol 71,887 days.
8,84C Municipal " " " , 193,259 "
;
11,810 Prisoners in all " '' 265,096 "
Statistical Tables.
Following this portion of the report will be found the tables named in the
list given hereunder :
Table No. 2, shewing the total number of prisoners in the several gaols on the
30th September, 1890, and the nature of their imprisonment.
Table No. 3, shewing the number of prisoners over and under 16 years of age, the
number of re-committals, the number of persons acquitted on being brought
to trial, and the number of persons committed under civil processes.
Table No. 4, shewing the offences for which prisoners were committed.
Table No. 5, shewing the total number of prisoners, male and female, committed
under each offence during the year.
Table No. 6, shewing the number of prisoners, male and female, sentenced during-
the year, and a comparison of the same with the preceding year.
Table No. 7, shewing the number of prisoners upon whom sentence was passed ;,
the nature and periods of the sentences, and the operations of the County
Judges' Criminal Court.
Table No. 8, shewing the offences for which prisoners were sentenced.
Table No. 9. shewing the total number of prisoners, male and female, sentenced
under each offence.
Table No. 10, shewing the nationalities, religious denominations, social state, etc.,,
of the prisoners committed.
Table No. 11, shewing the occupations, trades, or callings of the prisoners com-
mitted during the year.
Table No 12, shewing the number of escapes and death, the revenue derived
from prison labor, the cost of diet, the accommodation of the gaols, and th e
highest and lowest number of prisoners in custody in each gaol during the
year.
Table No. 13, shewing how the pri.soners committed during the year were main-
tained, the cost thereof, and the salaries of officials.
Table No. 14, shewing the daily cost per pri.soner in each of the gaols of the
Province, for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
After these tables will be found the separate reports upon the gaols and
lock-ups.
12
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 2.
Shewing the total number of prisoners who were in the several Gaols of the
Province on the evening of 30th September, 1890, and the nature of their
imprisonment.
Classification.
Nature of Imprisonment.
£ ^ ^ .
NAME OF GAOL.
d
<D
1
to
U
<D
-a
9 .
DO ^
0 >>
to
0
bo
'a
Under sentence
for periods of 2
mo'sandunder.
Under sentence
for periods over
2 months.
In default of sure-
ties to keep the
peace.
Insane, idiotic,
or imbecile
persons.
b a
•5-2
0
Total number of
sons who rema
in custody 30
September, 188
Barrie
12
2
16
4
4
9
4
7
8
9
5
11
5
34
19
26
7
6
5
.5
27
11
10
8
3
6
10
5
"'2'
1
1
1
"i
' 1
1
1
6
2
6
4
1
5
1
4
3
4
5
1
1
31
7
8
3
5
1
5
1
3
3
1
2
2
5
" "i'
6
6
""2
2
'" 'i"
1
17
Berlin
Belleville
::::■
1
3
20
Brantford
Brampton
Brockville
5
6
11
4
7
3
8
Cobourg
■Chatham
1
1
1
1
5
5
4
1
2
1
2
]
11
6
Goderich
6
3
3
15
4
2
1
4
12
Guelph
2
1
2
15
""2
2
6
Hamilton
1
" "l
5
'2
3
6
40
24
30
Tjindsay
8
8
Milton
2
1
14
7
12
8
1
4
1
5
Napanee
-T
5
5
1
6
1
6
"i
" "i'
4
1
2
" 1"
3
4
32
Owen Sound
12
16
Perth
9
3
Pembroke
3
3
2
1
10
13
3
1
4
6
12
10
5
5
2
115
3
20
13
9
3
3
-2
1
134
1
1
2
6
1
1
5
6
3
2
3
■■4'
2
1
9
1
5
3
1
1
i
2
2
...
15
Stratford
. . . .
12
5
St Thomas
5
"'26'
1
6
2
3
'" 'i
1
"15'
"i
2
Toronto
68
1
2
1
2
185
4
1
""2
2
1
2
22
Welland
14
Whitby
1
10
1
1
1
Fort William
4
3
S
1
7
Burk''i Falls
1
2
1
1
2
2
7
Total
489
130
8
*
74
291
172
76
11
631
13
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the number of nersons committed, the number over and xinder 1&
to keep the peace, number of unsound mind, number acquit-
trial, numlier sentenced, and num-
.
Total xumher
COM.MITTKn DIKING
THK \K.\K.
NuMIiER CNDEK
16 YEAUS OF AGE.
NUJIBER OVER
16 YEAUS OF AGE.
0
For the second time. ,
1
NAME OF GAOL.
"a
B
"3
o
H
4
"a
S
3
H
S
0
IS
Barrie
169
84
185
312
206
158
81
180
91
114
208
79
79
834
210
656
58
23
324
69
605
135
55
72
43
45
146
33
42
71
58
73
220
112
132
120
50
3015
73
221
218
57
5
24
29
17
2
27
6
15
31
11
20
10
4
9
15
17
5
10
107
27
98
13
106
90
200
343
217
178
91
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
754
71
1
11
5
21
5
3
2
4
3
3
1
2
3
45
1
30
1
1
■■■4'
"i
" 1
'"""i'
7
2
6
2
12
5
25
5
4
2
4
3
3
2
2
4
52
3
36
168
73
180
291
201
155
79
176
88
111
207
77
76
789
209
626
58
22
321
62
559
125
55
69
41
34
138
33
42
71
55
68
213
108
127
106
50
2848
70
209
212
56
5
24
29
16
2
26
5
15
27
11
19
10
4
9
15
16
5
9
100
25
92
13
2
3
5
112
14
10
11
2
6
15
4
""'i'
3
7
16
10
19
10
2
958
12
9
4
8
""l"
10
194
78
195
318
212
174
89
180
97
]26
223
82
85
889
234
718
71
24
324
67
671
139
65
80
43
40
153
37
42
72
58
75
229
118
146
116
52
3806
82
218
216
64
5
25
39
16
2
170
.%
162
171
179
95
90
87
81
80
206
32
82
358
209
416
()5
21
296
46
611
76
40
52
18
35
90
34
33
52
35
67
216
71
119
102
50
32t)4
83
106
157
38
5
22
20
17
2
21
18
28
52
20
38
1
46
14
22
16
2?
4
118
23
138
6
3
24
9
71
30
18
12
12
33
3
6
2
16
11
12
14
10
14
2
390
2
59
30
13
ft
Berlin
11
Bellevi'le
5
Brantford
28
Brampton
13
la
24
Cornwall
4
Cobourg
Chatham
3
Goderich
Guelph
Hamilton
Kingston
&
3
8»
4
6Jf
L'Orignal
2 25
1
3
7
46
10
"■'s'
2
11
7
"'l'
3
5
7
4
5
14
""2
""5
"2
1
3
7
46
12
""8
2
14
7
"1
3
5
7
4
5
16
Milton
Kapanee
Ottawa
3
5
112
16
10
16
2
9
15
4
1
3
7
16
10
19
12
2
969
12
9
4
10
......
10
327
74
717
151
65
88
45
54
161
37
42
72
61
80
236
122
151
132
52
3984
85
230
222
67
5
25
39
17
2
5-
5
24
11
Orangeville
Perth
3
Picton
3
Pembroke
2
13
Parry Sound
6
3
St. Catharines
Sarnia
Stratford
Sandwich
St Thomas
2-
3
3
5-
6
Sault Ste Marie
Toronto
Walkerton
Woodstock
167
3
12
6
1
11
""2
178
3
12
6
3
164
'24"
Wf-lland
Whitby
Lock-upH —
Gore Bay
16
1
.Mauitowaning
Mattawa
10'
1
1
Sudbury
97
11
1 69
1
19
4
"is'
ioi
1 11
87
I
19
94
1
1
1
100
11
69
1
19
88
'"I8
""4
160
11
87
1
19
92
96
9
37
1
18
90
8567
3
1
25
■■■■4
1439
2
1
Brucfi Min*-H
I'urk'n Falls . .
18
North Bay
90 1 4
2
2
1730
ToUl
10080
11810
461
50
611
9622
1677
11299
G2(>
14
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
No. 3.
years of age, the number of recommittals, the number for want of securities
ted on trial, number discharged without trial, number waiting
ber committed under civil process.
For more than the
third time.
■J2 .
S ^
a
IS
S
h3
0
T3
a
J
0
1
'3
u
c
0 =s ■'
<
Discharged without
trial.
'u
Si
-a
3
3
a -
02
0
-a
NAME OF GAOL
1
'"2
1
27
7
16
4
6
15
10
3
13
'10
11
7
9
7
7
27
10
9
2
7
29
11
4
7
1
10
11
4
1
28
27
43
130
175
15
30
15
7
3
51
«
2
20
18
294
16
'11
3
184
14
4
6
33
3
61
2
8
11
6
8
131
55
137
207
34 i
126
51
143
76
99
159
55
52
716
175
349
43
14
44
53
481
119
52
68
11
37
77
29
30
60
40
61
169
84
109
90
43
2499
57
1 170
177
42
5
24
39
17
1 2
1
1
■ "i
Barrie.
6
5
"i
1
1
■■"2'
"'3'
""1
Berlin.
Belleville.
92
Brantford.
5
35
""i
""1
1
1
2
15
'""'5'
1
1
2
::::::
"3
"i'
r
" "ifV
"'19'
3
14
1
1
'"'1'
Brampton.
Brockville.
Bracebridge.
L'ayuga.
27
1
Cornwall.
18
""1
2
1
Cobourg.
24
1
6
■""■4
Chatham.
Goderich.
21
181
33
60
"i
1
2
1
2
15
""i
2
Guelph.
382
Hamilton.
1
131
1
3
'""i'
Kingbton.
London.
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
266
11
4
2
""'5'
Milton.
14
Napanee.
11
34
""2
1
' 1'
""'3
3
12
1
1
6
Ottawa.
Owen Sound.
14
15
"'i'
Orangeville.
Perth.
12
Picton.
5
■■■'3'
■■'2
'""1'
2
2
2
1
Pembroke.
25
4
Peterboro'.
Port Arthur.
1
1
1
10
4
23
28
8
12
7
77
Parry Sound .
Rat Portage.
12
7
1
2
1
1
1
2
11
12
6
6
2
2
■3
Simcoe.
0,
St. Catharines.
5
34
4
2
4
5
""1
23
1
19
19
2
1260
4
6
1 5
7
i""i
Sarnia.
Stratford.
11
1
i 4
2
Sandwich.
10
2
St. Thomas.
Sault Ste. Marie.
16G
14
2
3
6
"'1'
101
14
10
5
10
18
'"'13'
1
i"""l'
9
1
5
3
4
Toronto.
Walkerton.
41
19
8
18
31
3
4
1
Woodstock.
Welland.
Whitby.
""2
Lock-ups —
Gore Bay .
Little Current.
1
Manitowaning.
M attawa.
1
3
1 1
1
1
Minden.
1
Haliburton.
59
1 '''■*
28
83
1
15
Sudbury.
].. . .
1
Huntsville.
7
1
1
1
; 3
1
4
9
1
I
Fort William.
1
1
Bruce Mines.
1
i
1
Burk's Falls.
0
1 4
1
1 79
North Bay.
67
1
1184
19
467
1
67
98
2611
1
876
9
j 71 j 7528
2
t
Total.
15
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the offences for which prisoners were comiidtted
NAME OF GAOL.
Barrie
§
-S
S
<
e ■
«
s
J
o
c
<
a
o
<
1
4
4
4
15
8
1
6
3
5
3
18
11
57
go
3
ci
■3
"3
<B
•s.
s
SI
■5
s
.2
0
3
<
2
i
bo
1
1
U
t
m
V
JS
pa
go
>.
"o
a}
.a
1
u
CS
a
3
0
0
a
£
01
0
13
0
c
a,'
&
"S
C
3
bo
_c
>>
bo
'«
^^
n 5
■5 '5
£a
3 0
Q
Is
S
§
0
>.
2
0
1
C .
boS
a cS
I2
It
■55
0
1
Berlin
1
Belleville
. 1 . . . .
6
4
6
'"2
1
4
4
"'7
5
5
6
2
5
"'8
1
2
1
4
12
11
2
5
1
2
2
"2
"2
1
Brantford
....
2
2
1
"i
"2
" i
1
Brockville
1
1
5
2
2
1
1
Bracebridge
1
"2
Cayuga
1
1
Cornwall
2
1
4
1
1
6
1
'"i
"2
5
1
1
Cobourg
5
3
4
12
"4
Chatham
1
6
Ooderich
....
Guelph
2
2
"3
-3
5
3
1
3
3
1
2
3
Hamilton
1
1
1
1
1
1
....
2
7
Kingston
Liondoa
4
21 1
41
?
6
10
1
2
Lindsay
3
1
2
1
Milton
3
1
Ottawa .
8
1
....
"i
50
6
7
5
31
7
1
4
Owen Sound
1
1
Perth
1
3
2
2
2
1
9.
^
2
1
1....
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
...
2
I
1
3
7
20
13
8
100
4
10
10
6
....
1
2
3
5
3
2
6
3
2
Stratford
"3
2
1
86
1
1
'3
"2
1
""'2
1
1
7
3
2
2
2
1
1
3
St Thomas .
2
1
Sault Ste Marie
1
5
1
1
Toronto
....
10
22
3
10
2
1
6
78
2
2
1
1
3
6
7
2
1
1
Wflland
Wnitby
1
1
L«»ck-upH —
1
2
1
1
1
. . . . 1
1,
1
1
4
11
1
1
7
5I
1
2
6
1
476
1
North Bay
ToUl
6
1
58
3tf
1
130
_157
10
9
12
54
54
8li
34
5
21
96
16
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 18
No. 4.
during the year ended 30th September, 1890.
s
o
1
a
a
Oi 1
bo '
_g
3
bo
g
u
■a
si
ID
a
0)
a
3
0
•3
a
P
"a
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1— 1
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a
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a
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a
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S.I
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s a
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si
ll
8
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1
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34
17
49
182
30
58
15
15
25
38
71
5
10
418
129
332
5
••••! '
1
"i
1
8
4
2
4
1
3
"i
3
4
6
4
1
"i
2
6
1
2
Barrie.
i
""4
8
1
4
Belleville.
Brantford.
1
'
Brampton.
1
3
2
3
1
1
3
1
""'3
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
. , . .1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
■■■3
2
1
2
■"i
2
1
" 2
"3
3
'"'i
1
3
Cobourg.
Chatham.
1
3
1
2
18
is
1
1
1
4
4
1
Goderich.
,J ■■
1....
Gueljih.
Hamilton.
2
1
4
9
11
1
8
1
2
2
""i
9
' ii
1
1
Kingston.
London,
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
Milton.
3
7
4
...
1
5
9
2
1
1
1
10
3
9
...
2
2
22
336
17
2
3
3
5
Napanee.
Ottawa.
Owen Sound.
"8
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
14
1
1
1
Orangeville.
Perth.
5I::::
3
33
Picton.
1
45
12
9
66
3
24
108
Pembroke.
4
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
Peterboro'.
1
1
3
Port Arthur.
2
2
1
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
1
1
2
1
4
5
■"3
2
2
1
3
"i
1
1
2
1
5
2
13
3
1
....
St. Catharines.
4
2
Sarnia.
9
14
—
: 1
"i
"i
1
1
2
'"9
2
2
1
"2
2
149
Stratford.
4
2
3
1
"2
35
20
12
2,085
6
51
16
...
2
2
3
"78
3
2
"i7
6
1
Sandwich.
St. Thomas.
Sault Ste. Marie.
18
1
17
1 6
10
1
16
1
9
1
1
1
Toronto.
Walkerton.
13
2....
l! 1
2
1
2
....
2
Woodstock.
Welland.
21 1
2
1
2
1
Whitby.
Lock-ups : —
Gore Bay.
4
1
19
33
7
2
1
2
3
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
1
1
1
1
i
Haliburton.
55
S
47
1
1
35
3
2
1
Sudburv.
1
11
1
6
Fort William.
1
Burk's Falls.
3
1
1
40
1
98
North Bay.
8
34
1
3
6€
207
6:
5 2
91
) 22
4,573
25
50
8
4£
1 15S
Total.
2(G)
17
5 4 Victoria,
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the offences for which prisoners were committed
NAME OF GAOL.
a;
s
m
0)
D
o
.A
.5
a.
i4
>>
a
0 rt
c «
u a
•^ 0
a 1-
1.^
be
a
ea
0
a
s
'O
00
hi
T3
u
a
0)
P4
c
Rape and and assault with
intent.
Receiving stolen goods.
1
1
23
2«
27
53
9
22
14
27
7
16
4
6
15
10
1
2
3
1
"'2'
I
3
"i'
•DflBelleville
1
1
3
jBtf>-Q«4.f,.-,1
^^Brampton
xJlfirorkvillp
1
1
... ^
2
1
3
^
1
1
1
1
S^ayuga
-'^'^^ornwall
1
17 i 3
17 13
1
■■■■2'
21
.^5
10
11
7
9
29
7
27
10
9
2
7
29
11
4
G
1
10
11
4
1
2
11
12
6
6
2
3
1
5
)^^;oderich ...
J^n;uelph
^''iamilton
.^
1
■■"3
23
106
45
101
17
2
13
12
114
22
12
7
4
15
32
4
8
3
11
11
14
23
35
20
5
548
19
IG
25
'■■■2'
G
2
3
1
2
7
1
1
2
""'1'
1
1
1
J^^Liindsay . .
'■"9'
^^Jttawa
2
"'"'i'
4
1
1
2
1
1
Ow>ortll
1
<^ra>icton
1
1
4
4
3
Pic^^j-erboro' .
2
1
"'i'
2
1
G
1
2
2
2
1
1
Sandwich
St. Thomas. .
2
1
3
2
1
......
^t- Toronto
7U
101
14
10
5
9
1
4
7
12
2
3
19
TorvVoodbtock
WaiVnllaiid
i
3
■■■'4'
"1
1
"1
^V'WViitliv
14 1 10
^"<^ Little Current
1
1
1
3
10
I
1
2
1
I
1
1
3
2
•>
1
! 5
"""'1
21
......
59
J Norlli IJay
1
1 14 ! 9
11
r r..tui
111
1,590
491
18
15
26
50
1
18
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
No. 4t. — Continued.
during the year ended 30th September, 1890.
a
_o
o
p
m
a
3
o
Xi
u
§
a* .
'■— 9
a iu
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a
i
a
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OS
8
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s
1- .
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M 0
OS
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0)
0
S
01
0
to oj
0
'3
1
NAME OF GAOL.
2
■"2'
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
5
12
2
2
45
12
52
31
148
32
11
116
8
26
16
36
10
123
27
110
15
3
275
16
43
50
32
49
1
11
32
6
1
""2
2
5
3
5
196
90
200
343
217
178
91
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
754
71
25
327
74
717
151
65
88
45
54
161
37
42
72
61
80
236
122
151
132
52
3,984
85
230
222
67
5
25
39
17
2
Barrie.
Berlin.
1
1
1
Brampton.
3
1
"1
'"i
■■■■4
2
""'5'
'"'i'
2
1
3
15
3
2
3
6
31
3
8
1
1
6
5
5
1
3
1
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
7
2
1
4
""2
1
1
1
■"2"
Cobourg.
2
2
Goderich.
1
2
37
Guelph.
19
Kingston.
London.
1
2
1
5
10
Lindsay.
L'(Jrigual.
Milton.
2
2
1
1
Napanee.
Ottawa.
7
1
3
4
1
C)wen Sound.
Orangeville.
Perth.
2
Picton.
3
2
2
1
3
Pembroke.
3
1
1
1
1
Port Arthur.
Parry Sound.
:::::: :::::"
1
1
1
2
3
1
25
10
9
37
55
5
7
14
246
10
85
117
13
1
2
1
1
2
5
11
it
6
St. Catharines.
Sarnia.
1
1
Stratford.
1
2
Sandwich.
1
1
1
17
1
2
3
1
4
150
14
2
2
11
13
4
Toronto.
1
10
20
4
Woodstock.
1
Welhmd.
1
Whitby.
Lofk-ups : —
Gore Bay.
Little Current.
1
1
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
1
1
2
Minden.
Haliburton.
2
1
2
101
11
87
1
1!)
94
Sudbury.
Huntsville.
1
Fort William.
Bruce Mines.
5
9
1
2
7
12
North Bay.
10
66
19
3
40
314
8
1,958
49
218
11,810
Total.
19
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 5.
Shewing the total number of prisoners, male and female, cointnitted under each
otien ce during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
OFFENCES.
Abortion ,
Abusive and obscene language
Arson
Assault
Assault, felonious. .
Atteinpted suicide.
Abduction
Bi£
igTuany
Breaches of the peace
Breaches of by-laws .
Burglary
Carrying unlawful weapons .
Contempt of court
Counterfeiting and passing counterfeit money.
Cruelty to animals
Cutting, wounding and attempting
Debtors
Deserting employment
Destroying ynd injuring property
Detained us witnesses
Drunk and disorderly
Embezzlement
Escaping from or obstructing constables
Escaping from prisoners
Forgery
Fraud and obtaining money under false pretences.
Gambling
Giving liquor to Indians
Horse, cattle or sheep stealing
House breaking and robbery
Incendiarism
Indecent assault and exposure
Inmates and trequenters of houses of ill-fame
Keeping houses of iil-fame
Larceny.
Lunatics and iwrsons who were unsafe to be at large
Manslaugh ter
Misdemeanour
Murder
Per j ury
Prostitution
Rape and assault with intent
KeiuHing bail
Receivintf stolen goods
Seduction
Selling' liquor without license
Shooting with intent
Stabbing ,
Threatening and seditious language
TrenpaKM
Unlawful shooting
Vagrancy
Want (li sureties to keep the peace . .
Other offences not enumerated
Total
3
47
37
454
154
8
6
11
54
52
81
34
129
4
21
89
G2
2
92
19
3,770
25
48
8
40
94
8
28
44
15G
1
G5
90
34
1,470
3313
IG
15
22
10
59
47
10
48
IB
3
38
302
G
1,071
49
191
10,083
2
11
2
22
3
2
3
1
7
1
"4
3
803
6
1
3
2
1
117
77
114
159
2
12
2
287
27
1,727
20
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 6.
Shewing^ the number of prisoners, male and female, sentenced during the year
ending 30th September, 1890, and a comparison of the same with the
previous year.
NAME OF GAOL.
No. of prisoners
sentenced in the
year ending 30th
September, 1890.
No. of prisoners
sentenced in the
year ending 30th
September, 1889.
iNCREASIi
Dkoreasb.
03
-a
s
"ii
o
H
,2
St
i
o
_a5
'3
S
rM
Is
0
S
119
52
130
188
32
114
45
139
71
91
154
52
50
644
158
309
34
14
43
53
418
111
46
54
10
32
70
26
30
59
37
55
159
79
95
81
41
1,814
49
165
177
36
5
24
29
17
2
12
3
7
19
2
12
6
i
8
5
3
2
72
17
40
9
i
"""63
8
6
14
1
5
7
3
i
3
6
10
5
14
9
2
685
8
5
■ 6
"""io
131
55
137
207
34
126
51
143
76
99
159
55
52
716
175
349
43
14
44
53
481
119
52
68
11
37
77
29
30
60
40
61
169
84
109
90
43
2,499
57
170
177
42
5
24
39
17
2
142
84
130
234
25
113
76
71
66
79
116
42
31
646
179
530
29
13
40
27
344
125
45
50
16
47
49
34
33
79
59
57
176
83
132
105
91
1,777
60
191
130
56
3
24
18
5
5
14
2
16
15
2
12
'I
3
9
14
4
9
95
16
56
5
3
10
66
15
5
6
3
7
5
2
3
6
13
7
' "l4
18
3
566
5
7
2
7
4
156
86
146
249
27
125
89
74
69
88
130
46
40
741
195
586
34
13
43
37
410
140
50
56
16
50
56
39
35
82
65
70
183
83
146
123
94
2,343
65
198
132
63
3
24
22
5
5
23
32
2
9
20
Berlin.
Belleville
1
1
32
9
Brantford
7
1
'"""68
5
12
38
10
19
4
1
2
4
7
1
"""'69
7
12
38
10
19
56
86
Brock ville.
Bracebridge
31
7
" " "3»
Cayuga
Cobourf;
2
21
221
1
9
1
7
23
" "i6
1
Chatham
9
Goderich
1
Guelph
7
Hamilton
25
Kingston
1
21
237
Lindsay
5
1
3
26
74
4
9
1
3
26
74
Milton
'"'"i4
2
10
3
7
2
N panee
10
Ottawa
3
Owen Sound
21
1
4
""'2i
i
8
1
2
2
12
1
2
21
Perth
6
15
Picton
Pembroke
6
15
8
3
20
22
2
17
4
37
24
60
2
2
2
3
7
9
1
io
5
22
25
9
Sarnia
3
5
3
5
17
Stratford
4
37
St. Thomas
Sault Ste. Marie
33
51
37
i9
3
56
3
Walkerton
ii
26
"""26
2
2
1
11
W^oodstock .
28
Welland
Whitby
47
47
2
21
Lock-ups :
2
2
Manitowaning
ii
12
6
17
12
...
Minden
3
3
26
11
66
1
15
77
2
■■""17
2
28
11
83
1
15
79
6
' " " "78
"■"ie
6
""94
20
11
1
""■"37
2
i
22
11
1
1
Fort William
12
""■ 2
12
Burk's Falls
i7
40
3
17
43
1
2
North Bay
37
1
Totals
6,409
1,119
7,528
6,608
1,084
7,692
473
64
537
682
129
811
21
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the number of prisoners upon whom sentences were passed, the nature
the County Judge's Criminal Court, during
Total number of
prisoners sentenced
Whkee Sentenced to.
during the yfear.
NAME OF
GAOL.
^
a
.2
1 •
c "5
C8
a
a)
0) 0
c« u
'3
Oh
'3
■u
u
0
g
be
a
1
1
."13 u
.a a
> 0)
ol and there de-
ed until expira-
of sentence or
nent of fine.
's and up to 00
mouths, not in-
ng the last term.
m
c
0
a
s
on
,2
s
H
^il
D 1)
C
^ ^
V
=2 N'o
13 3
e3
<D
0
0 *>*->
0"°
C-k^-M
0 ^^
0*^
o-^*^ '-^
S
fe
H
H
^
H
H
1
H
4
5
2
"2'
s
111
43
118
\^
^^"
^
Barrie
119
52
130
12
3
7
131
55
137
0
1
4
6
4
13
3
50
19
39
30
15
48
10
X
Berlin
BelleviUe
14
Brantford
188
19
207
8
9
2
1
4
183
100
02
11
Brampton
32
2
34
1
1
1
31
U
8
5
Brockville
114
12
126
3
10
1
0
2
2
102
70
8
10
Bracebridge ,
45
139
71
6
4
5
51
143
76
1
2
2
11
2
1
1
5
"i'
"2'
45
138
57
37
106
31
Cayuga
18
10
10
Cornwall
2
5
Cobourg
91
154
8
5
99
159
10
7
2
20
2
1
1
84
124
27
79
30
33
6
Chatham
3
3
1
8
Goderich
52
50
3
2
55
52
1
2
2
3
"i'
52
40
22
23
10
9
3
Guelph
5
Hamilton
644
72
710
36
55
19
5
5
2
594
307
274
43
Kingston
158
17
175
2
16
1
4
2
1
149
48
67
10
London
309
40
349
17
9.9.
]
5
4
4
290
2J8
42
41
Lindsay
i1
43
53
418
9
"'i'
"'63
43
14
44
53
481
6
3
2
32
10
41
47
429
9
8
13
24
348
10
1
13
9
40
10
L'Orignal
3
1
1
Milton
""2
3
5
25
3
Napanee
1
"2'
10
Ottawa
4
0
13
27
Owen Sound
111
40
8
6
119
52
13
1
3
".V
103
47
45
21
21
3
15
Ora)igeville
1
Perth
54
14
08
1
2
3
2
00
9
0
4
Picton
10
32
1
5
11
37
11
20
7
9
2
4
1
Pembroke
1
2
1
5
2
3
Peterboro'
70
7
77
2
6
2
1
1
(')5
38
4
1
Port Arthur
20
3
29
1
3
1
24
11
3
Parry Sound
30
59
37
55
'"'i'
3
0
30
00
40
01
1
29
59
20
33
17
54
13
15
9
3
10
9
Rat Portage
1
2
4
1
Simcoe
2
3
1
16
1
1
1
7
4
St. Catharines
9
Sarnia
1.59
79
95
10
5
14
169
84
1U9
8
7
3
13
1
5
6
4
1
1
1
2
145
75
88
73
10
67
34
20
20
4
15
Stratford
Sandwich
3
?.
St. Thomas
81
9
90
5
0
3
2
4
70
38
22
7
Sault Ste. Marie. .
41
1,814
2
085
43
2,499
'■'84'
1
42
2,138
22
405
12
1,459
4
Toronto
0
26
58
22
13
185
Walkcrton
49
8
57
1
5
2
3
2
44
30
0
fi
Wof)dHtock
105
177
5
170
177
2
14
15
12
1
4
1
2
1
150
145
04
33
33
35
28
\\'<;lland
44
Wliitby
30
6
42
0
1
1
2
1
31
20
3
0
L^jck-upji —
(jore Bay
5
24
29
17
2
20
11
00
1
15
77
"io'
*■■ 2'
■"17
""2
5
24
39
17
2
28
11
83
1
15
79
5
24
39
17
2
22
11
83
1
15
70
0,438
5
24
38
14
2
20
11
24
1
15
07
Little Current. .
Manitowaning .
....
' 1
2
' ' 3.^.
1
Mattawa
1
Minden
Sudbury
4
2
iliintsville
Fort William...
15
Bruc*; .Mines . . .
BurkV FalU ....
North Bay
1
2
87
2
107
09
35
Totals
0,409
1,119
7,528
223
484
25
2,804
2,522
1 589
22
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7),
A. 1891
No. 7.
and period of such senten^'os, and the disposal of those who elected to be tried at
the year ending 30th September, 1890.
Periods of Sentenob.
County Judges'
Criminal Court.
*^
S
o
s
CO
0)
s
(~1
m
i
o
CO
>
O
4
-a
fl
o
a
o
i)
>
O
J3
a
o
a
to
o
>n
>
O
16
6
10
4
a
o
a
to
;h
o
—
1
1
n s
|.S
a^
S 0
> -^
0
-a
i
D
a> 0
0
0
-o.S
«l
^=0
0
P is
vCU
C ^
'^'^
.2 0
aa
0
csPh «5
So
£5
S =^
a a>
0 OJ "
0 <1>
s- a X
(D S <l>
OS 1
q; 0
•SO
a
0 0)
0
sg
II
P"S
a a
.a
ai
T3 ^
ig
:5a
'III
0^.
a
0 -^
0
0)
^^
1^
NAME OF
GAOL.
fi
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
"i"
1
"5'
2
4
9
19
5
11
6
10
1
6
4
2
6
5
16
7
10
18
7
^1
8
1
2
2
26
14
8
12
6
9
7
15
6
2
7
5
3
20
10
39
6
1
19
5
9
5
1
6
1
9
1
1
1
35
33
13
23
12
19
8
21
10
4
13
10
19
27
20
57
13
1
30
6
17
6
3
8
1
9
2
1
1
Barrie.
4
2
Berlin.
0
9
5
"4'
3
1
1
1
1
2 1
1
Belleville.
i1
1
1
1
4
8
Brampton.
Brockville.
11
14
4
1
9
11
21
6
4
1
20
13
7
....
"i'
1
"2'
1
5
1
....
■'i'
1
2
2
4
....
5
1
1
2
5
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
Cornwall.
6
4
1
2
4
1
q
Cobourg.
Chatham.
5
'i"
■'2'
3
2
2
5
2
2
1
q
1
1
3
1
5
1
1
"l
"i'
4
1
5
1
1
Guelph.
Hamilton.
ifi
31
"3'
1
10
"3"
1
18
8
3
2
19
Kingston.
London.
■^ii
4
1
'>
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
Miltnn.
«
1
7
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
23
8
17
1
9,
1
1
1
'23'
3
3
3
?
1
■■■3
Napanee.
Ottawa.
Owen Sound.
Orangeville.
Perth.
Picton.
12
15
9
10
4
1
1
6
7
"i'
3
2
1
11
8
2
11
2
15
1
6
3
4
2
1
3
1
1
....
"'i'
5
1
2
i
Pembroke.
Peterboro'.
H
Port Arthur
,S
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
Simcoe.
St. Catharines.
1
2
10
26
5
5
6
1
92
2
14
9
2
2
4
1
1
1
4
3
"4'
6
4
3
"2
3
3
3
"i"
4
4
2
2
1
2
....
3
"3"
3
3
3
2
20
1
5
5
2
33
17
11
17
3
6
7
6
33
16
8
6
15
20
13
37
4
11
12
8
66
16
13
12
17
17
18
Sarnia.
7
1
2
3
3
"2
Sandwich,
4
4
40
io"
Sault Ste. Marie.
115
8
'2
28
3
15
2
37
"i'
2
2
21
3
"2
....
22
2
1
2
1
1
1
Toronto.
Walkerton.
?,r>
2
11
1
2
....
5
6
2
Woodstock.
.SI
3
3
3
1
WelJand.
.s
Whitby.
Lockups —
Gore Bay.
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
1
Minden.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sudbury.
4
2
3
Fort William.
Bark's Falls
2
1
138
38
2
397
North Bay.
85
101
97
82
85
2
399
453
69
4
252
651
Total.
23
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the offences for which prisoners were sentenced
1
NAME OF
GAOL.
<
9
a
o
1
•a .
a SI
cS U.
<
X
<
to
<
1
Id
<
."2
'3
T3
<D
a
S
1 Abduction.
>>
s
a
bo
0
0
0
<LI
P-
t)
C3
0
t-i
3.
*o
S
a>
M
u
p
P3
0
0
0
S
4.9
a
0
0
§
1
3
tlD
a
">.
U
Barrie
2
4
4
12
4
1
4
2
5
3
11
2
9
4G
4
19
7
1
6
1
1
1
4
13
Berlin
1
BeUeville
6
4
4
Brantford
2
2
1
"2
1
••■•7
3
5
2
Brampton
Brockville
12
1
1
5
Bracebridge
2
Cayuga
2
■■■5'
" "4'
11
2
"4
1
Cornwall
1
1
4
1
1
6
4
1
2
1
1
Cobourg
3
3
Chatham
Goderich
1
Guelph
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
3
2
5
""s
1
2
2
3
9
11
2
5
1
2
2
1
Hamilton
1
""2
1
1
1
1
Kingston
3
London
1
Lindsav
L'Orignal
2
1
.....
Milton
Napanee
3
Ottawa
5
1
24
6
i
27
5
1
Owen Sound
Orangeville
Perth
1
2
2
Picton
1
2
1
1
2
1
Pembroke
1
2
Peter boro'
1
Port Arthur
1
2
T'arry Sound
2
1
1
2
Simcoe
1
7
12
1
7
5
7
54
4
7
9
5
1
2
3
Samia
6
3
Stratford
1
Sandwich
1
....
4
2
1
1
1
St. Thomas
1
2
Sault Ste. Marie . . .
i
44
i
1
1
Toronto
1
1
10
14
3
10
Walkerton
WoodHtock
2
1
5
5
2
1
Welland ....
Whitby
1
1
Lockups :
Gore Bay
Little Current
Manitowaning ....
2
1
Miittawa
1
Mindtjii
fialiburUjn
1
HudVjury
4
Huiituville
1
Fort William...
5
5
1
1
1
North Bay
1
1
52
1
1
57
Total
5
316
98
4
4
9
41
45
119
30
24*
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
No. 8.
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
.2
00
-1
§§
O "
O
1«
a
s
o
U
a
.a fl
|i
||
p
.eg
o
a
a
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a
0)
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Si
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to
0)
0
Destroying and injuring
property.
''S
C
2
a
a
Nl
a
0
0
a
=« .
h
.3 8
a
0
'u
a
0
Sh
6C
a
0
>>
s^
0
Fraud, or obtaining money
I-' bo M OS under false pretences.
a
0
.s
-a
a
M
0
0
.2"
&o
_g
'>
3
NAME OF
GAOL.
1
1
1
32
13
34
108
5
49
15
11
25
36
62
5
9
394
113
164
5
Barrie.
Berlin.
3
1
4
5
Belleville.
2
Brantford.
Brampton.
3
'"2
2
"i
■■■'2'
1
2
1
"i
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
Cornwall.
1
3
1
'"'i'
1
2
Cobourg.
Chatham.
2
1
Goderich.
1
16
Guelph.
1
4
8
2
1
1
3
Hamilton.
Kingston.
1
5
1
5
1
London.
Lind.say.
L'Orignal.
:::;:: ::::::
3
22
269
14
2
4
3
1
32
11
9
58
2
24
102
8
35
19
12
1404
6
42
12
2
4
19
33
7
2
Milton.
i
8
3
Napanee.
1
4
3
2
1
1
2
Ottawa.
Owen Sound.
1
Orangeville.
Perth.
Picton.
1
Pembroke.
2
1
1
Peterboro'.
1
3
1
Port Arthur.
1
1
Parry Sound.
1
Rat Portage.
Simcoe.
1
1
3
St Catharines.
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
Sarnia.
Stratford.
2
1
1
1
1
'"'i'
1
""i'
Sandwich.
1
St. Thomas.
Sault Ste. Marie.
1
5
41
1
11
6
1
13
1
3
Toronto.
Walkerton.
2
2
1
Woodstock.
1
Welland.
1
1
Whitby.
Lock-ups :
Gore Bay.
Little Current.
1
3
Manitowaning
Mattawa.
1
2
1
Miiiden.
Haliburton.
13
3
47
1
1
28
...... ......
Su'lbury.
Huntsville.
1
2
J
11
Fort William.
1
Burk's Falls.
1
1
North Bay.
1
11
51
1
69
3334
13
39 1 4
13
49
5
31
Total.
25
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7.)
A. 1891
TABLE No. 8.
Shewing the ofiences for which prisoners were sentenced
NAME OF GAOL.
IS
OS
O a
House-breaking and robbery.
i
a
0
a
a
c3
"3
» •
1— 1
"0
£
a .
oj a>
it
§^
|i
1
c
CO
3
0
a
'S.
s
B
u
D
0
C
cS
s
D
CO
t4
d
0
'■5
3
2
Barrie
"i'
1
2
1
2
1
15
11
15
26
3
14
12
9
16
18
21
3
1
Berlin
2
Belleville
1
Brantford
Branii)ton
Brock ville
2
""1
Bracebridge
"1"
2
Cayuga
1
1
1
1
Cornwall
1
2
Cobourp
2
""2
'"'1'
Chatham
3
1
1
1
1
4
Goderich
Guelph
8
Hamilton
3
1
2
5
'"'5'
1
1
1
64
23
41
10
2
6
4
59
18
12
2
4
15
10
3
3
2
Kinpstnn
London
i
2
1
Lindsay
1
L'Orignal
Milton
1
4
1
Napanee
Ottaw a
5
2
2
8
|.. . .
Owen Sound
1
1 1
Orangeville
Perth
3
licton
Pembroke
Peterboro'
1
1
1
1
Pore Arthur
1
1
Parrv So\ind
i
2
Rat Portage
Simcoe
1
3
6
1
2
7
9
3
12
2<)
3
Samia
2
•Stratford
1
1
Sandwich
3
1
2
2
2
62
St. Thomas
1 14
2
Sault .Ste. Marie
1
1
' ' '59
"42
3
330
15
12
18
6
1
Toronto
13
3
Wulk.-rton
1
Woodstock
'"'i"
Welland
Wh/tl.y
2
1
1
Lock-upH :
Gore Bay
....
1
Little Currf-nt
2
Manitowaning
M.'ittawa
3
Mindcn
Haiibtirtfin
Sudbury
1
8
1
1
1
}funtHville
Fort William
Bniff- MineH
(>
2
Buik'H FallH
5
14
North Bay
1
1
Total
22
101
47
93
f)5
937
11
7
7
7
17
26
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
— Continued.
during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
<t>
1
no
CI
1
o
o
be
a
bo
_g
|>
'53
be
_g
a
05
a
_o
o
T3
xn
1
©
m
a
.a
1
00
a
0
0
xn
be
a
a
■-s
T3
a
c4
bo .
a y
•2 '^
S =«
S a
1^
^^
H
CO
1
CO
bo
_a
0
0
.c
m
"a
t3
0
i
be
01
0
0
a
0
0
H
NAME OF
GAOL.
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
12
40
12
47
23
15
22
4
3
2
3
■ ■■4'
131
55
137
207
34
126
51
143
76
99
159
55
52
716
175
349
43
14
44
53
481
119
52
68
11
37
77
29
30
GO
40
61
1G9
84
109
90
43
2,499
57
170
177
42
5
24
39
17
2
Barrie.
Berlin.
1
Belleville.
Brantford.
1
2
1
1
Brampton.
1
1
2
Brock ville.
1
2
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
3
■■ '2'
102
8
25
7
36
8
95
19
63
14
3
17
14
22
46
32
47
1
11
20
6
3
2
3
5
20
2
4
1
1
1
3
3
1
""2
2
'""1'
1
1
1
1
Cobourg.
4
2
2
2
28
"io'
Guelph.
Hamilton.
1
2
1
1
'""i
'■"2
1
Kingston.
Lindsay.
L'Orie'nal.
2
1
Milton.
Napanee.
?
1
8
1
3
3
1
Owen Sound.
...
2
Orangeville.
Perth.
...
Picton.
1
1
2
1
1
1
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
1
1
2
2
1
25
9
8
29
51
5
4
13
186
10
75
104
12
2
4
8
3
5
3
12
13
6
3
7.
3
1
2
2
1
St. Thiimas.
1
Sault Ste. Maris.
4
9
17
1
130
Walkerton.
5
16
4
Woodstock.
1
1
Welland.
Whitby.
Lock-ups :
Gore Bay.
1
1
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
2
Minden.
Haliburton.
1
28
11
83
1
15
79
Sudbury.
8
3
?,
1
Fort William.
... .
1
Bruce Mines.
2
9
Burk's Falls.
1
2
G
12
North Bay.
22
19
3
50
9
2
8
263
7
1,275
151
7,528
Total.
27
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 9.
Shewing the total number of prisoners, male and female, sentenced under each
otience, during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
OFFENCES.
Abortion
Abusive and obscene language.
Arson
Assault
Assault, felonious
Attenij>ted suicide
Abduction
Bigamy
Breaches of the peace
Breaches of by-laws
Burglary
( 'ontempt of Court
Carrying unlawful w3apons
Counterfeiting and passing counterfeit money
Cruelty to animals
Cutting, wounding and attempting same
Deserting employment
] )estroyiiig and injuring property
Drunk and disorderly
Embezzlement
Escaping from or obstructing constables
Escaping from prison
Forgery
Fraud and obtaining money or goods under false pretences .
Gambling
Giving liquor to Indians
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing
Housebreaking and robbery
Incendiarism
Indecent assault .... _
Inmates and frequenters of houses of ill-fame
Keei)ing houses of ill -fame
Larcteny
Manslaughter
Misdemeanour
Murder
Perjury
Prostitution
Raije and assault with intent
Refusing bail
Receiving stolen property
Seduction
Selling liquor without license
Shofiting with intent
StabVjJng
Threat«^ning and seditious language
Tres pacs
Unlawful shooting
Vagrancy
Other offences not enumerated .
Total .
Males.
40
5
298
96
4
3
8
41
4.5
57
118
30
14
48
1
66
2,673
13
38
4
13
44
5
27
22
100
46
38
27
876
11
7
6
7
19
21
3
43
8
2
8
255
5
1,078
130
6.403
Females.
1
11
19
2
3
661
1
55
38
61
1
"17'
8
2
197
21
1,125
28
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 10.
.Shewing the nationalities, religious denominations, social status, and habits ot the
committed during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
prisoners
NAME OF GAOL.
Barrie
Berlin
Belleville
Brantford
Brampton
Brockville
Bracebridge
Cayuga
Cornwall
Cobourg
Chatham
Goderich
Guelph
Hamilton
Kingston
London
Lindsay
L'Orignal
Milton
Napanee
Ottawa
Owen Sound
Orangeville
Perth
Picton
Pembroke
Peterboro'
Port Arthur
Parry Sound
Rat Portage
Simcoe
St. Catharines
Sarnia
Stratford
Sandwich .
St. Thomas
Sault St. Mane
Toronto
Walkerton ,
Woodstock ,
Welland
Whitby
Lock-ups : —
Gore Bay
Little Current
Man i to waning
Mattawa
Minden
Haliburton
Sudbury
Huntsville. . . .
Fort William .
Bruce Minf-s. .
Burk's Falls..
North Bay
Total...
Nationalities.
O
90
44
130 :
2061
781
1091
39
8G|
70
76
117
48
51
464
137
360
49
21
85
62
532
76
29
45
39
33
101
10
36
48
39
571
1371
34
76
741
311
18441
61
84
80
49
1
19
38
15
1
131 10
7i 6
5l 6
221 15
26 j 27
9 21
12
162
25
152
9
2
122
1
33
26
11
11
1
8
29
7
2
11
6
9
23
24
8
13
5
761
6
49
14
167
.^3
129
7
1
78
9
90
32
23
24
4
14
5
7
9
1
7
11
4
4
66
14
39
5
1
26
2
13
11
62
Religious Denomina-
tions.
Q
24
7
3
5
7|
10 1
31 i
23 i
10
6
7
918
9
46
44 35
7 8
1
1
44
24
90
104
64
73
14
53
54
40
59
17
28
360
13
1
5
3
1
3
6
2
29
61
50
32
5
67
14
43
92
87 1
46
18
59
12
38
48
22
17i
2901
Social and Educa-
tional State.
431
13
49
54
25
26
28
1141 63
193
21
21
292
25
1
67 1 173
10 1 33
517
22 1
21 36
22 10
19 23
32
16
15
107
30
80
11
0, 34
26 24
6128
13
178, 208
5 ....
23 2i
12 43
2
2
1
1
30 24
63 27
29 25
211 15
15621451
12 j 18
69 74
62 1 83
1 151 21
65
23
22
135
30
161
14
11
491 24
16
52 30
35 15 i
13
6
16
44
ie
'i5
11
32' 38
42 15
1'
9l
37
12
1936 2118
596 724
70
37
1
.1 3
ll 58
11
13
9
452
23
33
32
11
4
3
1
1
1
43
28
6
405
21
35
27
12
27814359 3631 1498
I i
29
6
21
1
58!
11
9
17
15
2
9
21
6
7
49
"28
"2
14
7
25
27
6
4
3
4
1
13
16
5
36
11
7
37
1
114
11
19
18
84
27
59
1221 221
45 1 172
63 115
40
20
41
37
60
42
112 1 241
63 5
141 76
121
35
36
51 16
164 20
59 37
921 22
1651 54
42i 14
321 57 14
309; 6321 200
48 189: 55
-3C5
145
40
116
276
163
137
15
2341 520
24 47
13 12
20 307
281 46
2761 441
123
15
12
24
16
234
361 148
42 58
31 98
104 121
63
39
859
202
76 1 45
2781 476
331 38
12 i 13
64 1 263
311 43
1411 576
631 88
48 1
25
31
39
99
24
25
49
32
55
163
59
47; 104
30l 102
19 1 33
1793! 21 91
45] 40
56, 174
291 193
20 47
19
32
9
26
27
6
9
24
14
11
78
25
36
16
10
698
17
46
25
17
39
60
39
22
103
31
17
68
26
51
138
58
78
40
33
925 '3059
56 1 29
80] 150
1624
8
23
5!
17 1
161 21
12 10
2
181
91
241 63
...I 1
91 10
32 62
3
9
401 17
... 17
33 30
151
31
698 4285,7525.2448 3332 8478
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the occupations, trades or callings of the Prisoners
NAME OF GAOL.
"3
a
s
o
<
3
2
3
00
a>
<o
a
0
"S
<
£
"i
4
2
1
£
a>
s>
«
"2
1
£
■V
a
3
P3
1
X
•|£
11
4
£
0
CO
§
0
0
2
1
s
1
3
u
u
0
0
3,
a
>>
0
1
9
1
14
4
7
4
4
w
u
v3
s
b
0
!
1«
2
2
2
2
i
pq
§
|1
1
0
3
M
3
a.
§
u
|£
S£
a"
"2
£
B
"o
>-i
a
u
v
^j
c
&
0
•
4
4
7
13
"1
i
§ .
CO
u
1
0
""i
1
5-
....
3
4
1
0
"4
"9
2
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
Brockville
6
1
Cayuga
4
3
2
1
1
2
2
4
2
6
1
....
1
2
4
1
3
3
2
3
1
1
10
2
14
2
1
3
2
1
3
33
6
14
2
1
2
5
49
0
"i
4
"2
8
7
4
1
13
8
9
1
1
1
Goderich .....
Guelph
1
1
2
1
....
2
17
6
6
16
11
1
5
2
5
10
"3
9
4
London
19
1
17
1
30
9
2
2
1
5
5
4
1
10
2
1
3
8
8
4
2
1
1
7
6
5
5
46
3
2
Owen Sound
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
Pembroke
Peterboro'
1
2
1
1
1
4
5
3
4
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
4
7
"5
9
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
'"1
" i
3
""3
10
2
1
4
125
4
6
9
3
2
1
1
4
1
3
2
6
1
1
1
2
Stratford
St. Thoinah
Toronto
2
2
""2
61
2
"1
1
2
2
2
1
33
14
12
49
82
1
5
1
1
118
1
12
3
35
2
5
27
1
1
3
1
33
....
2
5
1
33
1
2
3
2
3
4
2
1
Welland
3
1
2
2
.
1
1
2
'"1
1
2
2
3
■ . • .
2
354
2
128
G
79
79
25
145
193
3
80
19
82
bS
T.
Cr
• :r.
30
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 185
No. 11.
coriimitted during the year ending 30th September, 1890.
«
a>
(D
Jit
O 0)
«5
13 c
O
t
%
1
£
o
a
o
o
§
o
O
1
00
'So
tao
3
(^
Q
s
o
■s
o
CO
q;i
s
£
2
03
>
be
a
s
a)
'Sba
1
s
£
u
§
0
DO
03
0
0
0
s
s
H
T3
a
Oi 03
03 »,(
£>
03 1^
03 03
03 w
M a
J-. 33
^.H
w
1
J
NAME OF GAOL.
1
4 24
3 2
6
11 15
4 12
5! 5
s
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
?
Brampton.
15
5
9
7
20
14
8
7
9
57
11
5
9
5
14
17
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
Cobourg.
S
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
Guelph.
Hamilton.
Kingston.
13
1
3
1
20
2
10
4
2
"i
1
20
Ifi
5
3
2
3
1
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
Milton
1
1
'
4
""'7
1
2
2
"i
"i
1
1
Napanee.
IS
2
"i
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
4
2
6
8
Orangsville.
Perth
1
1
1
1
?
?
2
1
2
9
2
3
2
10
10
8
9
9
11
1
30
12
11
10
3
3
1
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
1
1
1
6
1
4
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
f)
1
1
1
^
?
1
1
1
1
1
68
1
St. Thomas.
Sault Ste Marie
104
2
1
1
15
3
7
17
1
19
15
14
1
16
6
2
Toronto.
9
1
3
4
2
1
3
1
Wei Ian i
2
Whitby.
Lock-ups —
Gore Bay.
1
1
1
Man i to waning.
Mattawa.
Haliburton.
1
2
5
3
2
2
2
Fort William.
Bruce Mines.
Burk's E'alls.
12
21
463
1
North Bay.
Total.
210
1
5
3
36
6
17
23
4
165
36
•.''
OQ
37
35
31
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No.
Shewing the occupations, trades or callings of the Prisoners
NAME OF GAOL.
m
u
00
P!
O
w
1
1-3
1^
i
U
3
a
D
3
0
<b
a
0
■a
§
§£
2
3
1
3
3
2 '
'O
eS
H
0
a
2
1
1
1
2
i
T3
a
« .
r
c
1
is
03
w
a
J
1
1
00
*c
1
£
_a
'ci
Ph
T3
i
£
s
4
no
0)
S
0
2
a
C3
1
a
102
26
110
201
120
9.5
15
124
50
52
138
36
37
409
133
294
32
11
240
36
385
86
29
48
27
10
78
19
18
49
20
24
158
59
64
42
35
1158
32
113
103
24
1
18
37
11
2
3erlin
Belleville
6
10
"2
1
6
10
2
12
8
8
5
9
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
7
15
1
2
2
3
5
....
2
0
1
1
6
1
1
3
3
27
2
15
6
"12
1
1
'"2
1
"3
5
1
1
3
13
2
Guelph
1
1
3
16
8
1
12
6
2
'"2
I
3
5
Milton
3
2
4
1
7
■■■4
7
2
7
4
8
29
3
1
20
44
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
Perth
1
3
1
■ ■ '2
1
1
"i
1
1
2
1
""i
2
1
3
3
4
Parry Sound
1
]
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
'"1
3
1
2
1
Stratford
4
7
7
2
180
1
6
13
2
...
1
1
7
2
2
St. ThoinaH
1
1
10
1
Sault Ste. Marie
34
"21
1
1
1
367
2
1
1
'""i
1
52
62
52
10
Walkf-rton
4
b
2
"1
1
Welland
5
3
Whitby
1
Lock-ups —
Littlo Current
5
1
Mattawa
2
...
Haliburtijn
63
2
1
1
2
1
Huntsville
2
10
t
25
1
]-
2
"
■1
Bruce Minetj
North IJay
'2
8
10
42
2
07
1
118
2
452
7
51
41
7
9
150
85
364
7
Total
5,047
1
32
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
11. — Continued.
'Committed during the year ending 80th September, 18.90.
"O CO
is
5^
4 ....
17
408
2
4
O
793 181
4
1
126 6
12
185
S-S
f. 00
1=
27
65
19
52
10
71
213
13
19
7
2
1
1
10
20
465
3(G)
33
196
90
200
343
217
17X
91
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
754
71
25
327
74
717
151
65
88
45
54
161
37
42
72
61
80
236
122
151
132
52
3,984
85
230
222
67
101
11
87
1
19
94
421 11,810
NAME OF GAOL.
Barrie .
Berlin .
Belleville.
Brantford.
Brampton.
Brockville.
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
Cornwall.
Cobourg.
Chatham.
Goderich.
Guelph.
Hamilton.
Kingston.
London .
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
Milton.
Napanee.
Ottawa.
Owen Sound.
Orangeville.
Perth.
Picton.
Pembroke.
Peterboro'.
Port Arthur.
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
Simooe.
St. Catharines.
Sarnia.
Stratford.
Sandwich.
St. Thomas.
Sault Ste. Marie.
Toronto.
Walkerton.
Woodstock.
Welland.
Whitby.
Lock-ups —
Gore Bay.
Little Current.
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
Minden.
Haliburton.
Sudbury.
Huntsville.
Fore William.
Bruce Mines.
Burks Falls.
North Bay.
Total.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewing the nuuiber of escapes and deaths, the revenue derived from prison
highest and lowest number of prisoners in custody
^e-
'^'i
1
« a
a
Q-S
a£
3 O
0
\
i£
?5
o 2
?' 1
a. 2
c«
m
^ §*
■■5 1
a) ""
h
NAME OF GAOL.
o "
o
X
cash r
ed from
r.
.2
iiJ
S ^
01
^ > 3
"o i;
S _, e
H —
a
cS-r; O
O^ -
ga
5|-§
^s
"
•E 'S-
•E «
S
13 -o^
©•^
Pi
Pi
Pi
<J
0
$ c.
c.
Tj ; ^
8|
2
8^
Belleville
6^
Brantford
6|
Brampton
1
?
Bracebride;e
2
i
1
30
12
Cayuga
9
1
«i
10
8
Hamilton . . .%
SS-IO-
i
10
1
Si
5i
8:
Milr^^m
5 9-10'
2
1
n
461 95
5|
Owen Sound
lOi
6|
6i
Urangeville
Vt^rtVi
lOi
Pembroke
6f
TJ «■ -mX^f^-wr^}
12^
1
1
12
2
30
i
16i
7?
8 4-5
1
6Jf
t>i
Sandwich
1
10
8
12
7i
St. Thomaa
Sault Ste Mane
Walkertoii • •
i'""
"56600"
8i
9*
W.-llRnd
7
WViitl.u
(5 2-5
Lock-upb :
Mattawa
i""
50
30
30
30
Hahburton
HuntHville
45
30 .
12
40
30
Bnice Miii<;H
North liay
""'i ""
i" ""
45
12
7
d
UGl 1)5
34
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
No. 12.
labour, tlie cost of diet, the accomiiiodatiun
during the year euding ;jOth September, 1890.
of the various gaols, and the
JS >,
c
■r :S
°1a .
o-^a
re regulations w
resptct to diet
observed ?
o
^ be
3 il
00 ^
o 2 '^
is.s
asg ^
& £:! fl =3
NAME OF GAOL.
<
^
^
e
^^
Yes.
24
8
27
9
Yes.
25
5
13
2
Berlin.
Yes.
3.5
7
39
7
Belleville.
Yes.
24
6
34
4
Brantford,
Yes.
Yes.
25
29
4
3
17
27
2
3
Brampton.
Brockviiie.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
5
14
17
2
4
5
9
27
17
1
3
1
Bracebridge.
Cayuga.
Cornwall.
Yes.
Yes.
24
26
5
3
27
23
7
3
Cobourg.
Chatham.
Yes.
12
4
24
4
Goderich.
Yes.
Yes.
33
60
7
6
14
64
2
21
Guelph.
Hamilton.
Yes.
Yes.
53
57
9
9
35
56
15
9
Kingston.
Yes.
24
6
17
4
Lindsay.
L'Orignal.
Milton.
Yes,
Yes.
18
23
6
4
10
22
4
1
Yes.
Yes.
18
96
4
10
12
48
2
24
Napanee.
Ottawa.
Yes.
32
6
31
7
Owen Sound.
Yes.
Yes.
23
18
6
4
21
36
12
9
Orangeville.
Perth.
Yes.
26
24
6
4
0
15
Yes.
6
Pembroke.
Yes.
18
4
25
8
Peterboro'.
Yes.
22
5
12
Port Arthur.
Yes.
5
4
6
Parry Sound.
Rat Portage.
Simcoe.
Yes.
Yes.
7
24
2
8
7
13
1
1
Yes.
40
8
14
]
St. Catharines.
Yes.
19
0
24
8
Sarnia.
Yes.
29
6
20
9
Stratford.
Yes.
32
4
19
3
Sandwich.
Yes.
16
4
19
1
St. Thomas.
Yes.
34
7
12
1
Sault Ste. Marie.
Yes.
270
19
246
140
Toronto.
Yes.
24
8
22
1
Walkerton.
Yes.
32
5
54
14
Woodstock.
Yes.
49
5
63
4
Welland.
Yes.
25
6
14
2
Whitby.
Lock-ups :
No.
5
2
2
1
Gore Bay.
Yes.
5
2
3
Little Current
Manitowaning.
Mattawa.
Minclen.
No.
Yes.
5
5
4
2
9
1
1
No.
6
1
1
1
Haliburton.
Sudbury.
Huntsville.
No.
5
2
5
No.
7
2
2
1
Yes.
10
2
9
1
Fort William.
Yes.
5
4
1
Yes.
7
2
3
Burk's Falls.
North Bay.
Yes.
7
2
9
1
Total.
35
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE
Shewino' the number of prisoners, how maintained, cost of maintenance, and
How
Maintainku,
NAME OF GAOL.
Total number of pris-
oners committed
during the year.-
Number of prisoners
whose maintenance
was defrayed by
Province.
Number of prisoners
whose maintenance
was defrayed by the
Municipalities.
Number of days cus-
tody of Government
prisoners.
Number of days cus-
tody of Municipal
prisoners.
Cost of food, fuel and
clothing.
.£
"E
1
'3
£
o
§
196
90
200
343
217
178
91
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
754
71
25
327
74
717
151
65
88
45
54
161
37
42
72
61
80
236
122
151
132
52
3984
85
230
222
67
5
25
39
'I
85
34
79
76
12
67
91
32
47
34
45
16
37
123
66
124
31
8
35
22
135
41
17
17
9
27
23
37
42
72
32
26
48
20
67
36
52
696
33
39
45
44
5
24
39
6
Ill
56
121
2(i7
205
111
3163
582
3535
1361
278
1489
1347
1268
1266
1206
1639
505
963
2658
2316
2790
1045
1216
914
434
4981
1447
339
145
232
1057
738
2174
785
793
788
644
431
913
1521
947
1750
14593
8(i4
1644
1298
828
9
97
387
144
3430
1402
4179
3923
1847
4321
S c.
2126 52
490 31
765 15
1009 01
351 84
690 37
$ 0.
1974 60
g^rlin
1250 00
Rpllpvilie
1650 00
1500 00
Brampton
1150 00
1450 00
450 00
Cayuga
152
53
95
180
68
52
818
171
630
40
17
292
52
582
110
48
71
36
27
138
1984
704
4564
2827
3386
1516
11141
5913
7861
2075
1513
2059
1776
8673
4471
5464
6367
145
2378
4770
578 03
681 11
1339 61
615 62
961 82
1089 07
2141 52
1230 08
2186 73
641 02
436 50
285 76
165 11
3103 64
2380 32
779 39
1303 97
145 10
450 28
1263 34
722 89
256 60
378 98
555 84
1201 11
1474 14
1078 58
607 20
411 92
579 91
11499 41
396 66
1623 79
20.53 15
458 36
.62 15
89 94
180 ()0
21 10
3 00
1225 00
1365 00
1580 00
Chatham
1930 75
1420 00
1350 00
Hamilton
2900 00
1915 00
3604 32
Lindsay
1180 00
11.59 00
Milton
1015 00
1050 00
Ottawa^
2324 ;iO
1750 00
1250 00
Perth
1620 00
915 00
1306 50
1350 00
Port Arthur
1175 00
450 00
2044 00
29
54
188
102
84
96
1101
1956
4669
4251
1968
2133
59049' '
1835
8601
740H
1507
1050 00
1543 00
1550 00
Stratford
1428 50
2100 00
1807 75
1300 00
Toronto
Walkerton
3288
52
191
177
23
'i*
13475 00
1425 00
1850 00
Welland
1792 00
Whitby
1671 87
Gore liay
Manitowanirig
200 00
200 00
200 00
11
2
11
11
300 00
Minden
150 00
."Sudbury . .
HuntHville
101
11
87
1
19
94
101
6
87
1
19
54
286
•100 00
5
L'OO 00
1208
1
247
571
71837
328 13
40
198 85
53 06
586 90
200 00
Hurk'rt FallH
200 00
40
72
461 00
11810
2904
8846
193259
51446 99
79394 49
36
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
No. IH
salaries of the various gaol officials, for the j'car ended 30th September, 1890.
Expenditures.
Salaries ok—
?
i-t
a; .
m 0
NAME OF
1
^ CO
o ci
%1
g OJ 3
0
0^
GAOL.
o t- .— ■
" I-
0 t^.-
■
tc
2 "^
(K g c
S £ k
> 0 >
<D a y
c
0
Xfl
c '*^
> C-H
> 0 S>
a
oii
o
$ c.
$ c.
<
$ c.
<!
$ c.
$ c.
$ c.
§
0
$ c.
$ c.
S c.
174 11
4275 23
11 74
10 07
21 81
800 00
6&9 60
225 00
310 00
Barrie.
27 60
1767 91
5 75
13 88
19 63
560 00
450 00
140 00
100 00
Berlin.
2415 15
3 82
8 25
12 07
600 00
550 00
300 00
200 00
Belleville.
109 95
2618 96
3 26
4 37
7 63
650 00
500 00
150 00
200 00
Brantford.
1501 84
1 62
5 30
6 92
500 00
400 00
200 00
50 00
Brampton.
30 90
2171 27
4 05
8 14
12 19
800 00
400 00
150 00
100 00
Brockville.
450 00
1816 90
"3'2i'
4 94
6 65
4 94
9 86
400 00
600 00
"36506
50 00
120 00
Eracebridge.
13 87
140 00
Cayuga.
204G 11
6 81
13 65
20 46
740 00
300 00
100 00
225 00
Cornwall .
350 00
3269 61
13 09
12 25
25 34
800 00
500 00
200 00
80 00
Cobourg.
91 21
2637 58
3 14
8 58
11 72
725 00
715 00
315 75
175 00
Chatham.
110 94
2492 76
12 77
16 90
29 67
600 00
500 00
200 00
120 00
Goderich.
2439 07
12 23
15 17
27 40
600 00
450 00
200 00
100 00
Guelph.
261 80
5303 32
2 55
3 08
5 63
1000 00
1300 00
350 00
250 00
Hamilton.
1141 40
4286 48
10 00
8 08
18 08
800 00
765 00
200 00
150 00
Kingston.
147 25
5938 30
3 09
4 78
7 87
750 00
1841 82
712 50
300 00
London.
80 60
1901 62
10 16
16 62
26 78
500 00
400 00
200 00
80 00
Lindsay.
1 85
1597 35
17 53
46 36
63 89
600 00
359 00
150 00
50 00
L'Orignal.
7 37
1308 13
90
3 10
4 00
500 00
365 00
100 00
50 00
Milton
100 00
1.315 11
3 58
14 19
17 77
475 00
400 00
100 00
75 00
Napanee.
280 00
5707 94
4 72
3 24
7 96
650 00
1124 30
350 00
200 00
Ottawa.
50 00
4180 32
16 09
11 59
27 68
700 00
500 00
300 00
250 00
Owen Sound.
8 00
2037 S9
12 11
19 23
31 34
fiOO 00
400 CO
150 00
100 00
Orangey lUe.
20 00
2943 97
15 04
18 41
33 45
900 00
400 00
160 00
160 00
Perth.
1060 10
3 22
20 33
23 55
400 00
365 00
100 00
50 00
Picton.
1756 78
8 33
24 20
32 53
600 00
456 50
150 00
100 00
Pembroke.
4 50
2617 84
7 87
8 38
16 25
650 00
400 00
150 00
150 00
Peterboro'.
52 78
1950 67
711 60
20 96
6 23
31 76
10 71
.52 72
16 94
600 00
400 00
400 00
175 00
50 00
Port Arthur.
5 00
Parry Sound.
12 00
2434 98
5 43
28 39
33 82
900 00
744 00
200 00
200 66
Rat Portage.
100 20
1706 04
10 75
17 21
27 96
400 00
350 00
200 00
100 00
Simcoe.
2744 11
15 01
19 29
34 30
720 00
473 00
200 00
150 00
St. Catharines.
83 85
3107 99
6 60
6 56
13 16
650 00
500 00
250 00
150 00
Sarnia.
2507 08
8 84
11 71
20 55
600 00
447 50
256 00
125 00
Stratford.
95 48
2802 68
4 65
13 91
IS 56
600 00
1050 00
250 00
200 00
Sandwich.
2219 67
3 12
13 70
16 82
600 00
857 75
200 00
150 00
St. Thomas.
si 52
1911 43
11 76
25 00
36 76
600 00
400 00
100 00
200 00
Sault Ste. Marie,
3220 77
28195 18
3 69
3 38
7 07
3000 00
8285 00
990 00
1200 00
Toronto.
lfc04 84
8626 50
25 90
16 76
42 66
700 00
375 00
250 00
100 00
Walkerton.
462 89
3936 68
9 07
8 04
17 11
800 00
500 00
200 00
350 00
Woodstock.
50 00
3895 15
9 47
8 07
17 4
600 00
838 00
254 00
100 00
Welland.
228 15
2358 38
10 24
24 95
35 19
800 00
496 87
175 00
200 00
Whitby.
Lock-ups-
262 15
289 94
3H0 60
321 10
153 00
12 43
3 59
4 63
1 24
1 50
40 00
8 00
5 12
17 64
75 00
52 43
11 59
9 75
18 88
76 50
200 00
200 00
200 00
300 00
150 00
Gore Bay.
Little Current.
Manitowaning.
Minden.
Haliburton.
400 66
200 00
927 o;i
"396'
3 96
18 18
6 74
3 96
18 18
10 64
400 00
200 00
350 00
Sudbury.
Huntsville.
12 00
105 60
131 30
Fort William.
200 40
399 03
514 06
40
10 48
56
200 00
10 52
4 90
200 40
21 00
5 46
200 00
200 00
400 00
18
Burk's T^^alls.
11 00
50 00
North Bay.
9171 01
140012 49
5 13
6 72
11 85
32270 00
30563 34
9389 85
7171 30
Totals.
37
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
TABLE No. 14.
Showing the daily cost per pri.soner in each of the gaoLs, excluding the district
lock-ups, for the j-ear ending the 80th September, 1890.
Barrie . . . .
Berlin
Belleville..
Brantford .
Brampton .
Brockville .
Cayuga . .
Cornwall .
Cobourg.
Chatham .
Goderich
Guelph . . ,
Hamilton
Kingston .
London . .
Lindsay
L'Orignal
Milton
Napanee
Ottawa
Owen Sound .
Orangeville. .
NAME OF GAOL.
CO i^
a ;.
' .St3
I-
O; g >.
p O -w
"A
Perth
Picton
Pembroke . .
Peterboro'. . .
Port Arthur.
Parry Sound
Rat Portage .
Simcoe
St. Catharines . .
Samia
Stratford
Sandwich
St. ThomaH
.Sault .Ste. Marie.
Toronto.
Walker tf>n .
Wo()dHtf>ck.
Welknd .
Whitby . . . .
Total
-I
00
<a <u ci
'O a sj
c >»
196
90
200
343
217
178
184
100
129
225
84
89
941
237
7^4
71
25
327
74
717
151
65
45
54
101
37
42
72
'61
80
236
122
151
132
52
3,984
85 '
230
222
67
11,409
6,593
1,984
7,714
5,284
2,125
5,810
3,252
1,970
5,770
4,466
3,891
2,479
13,799
8,229
10,651
3,120
2,729
2,973
2,210
13,654
5,918
5,803
0,512
.377
3,4.35
5,508
2,174
785
793
1.880
2,000
5,100
5,164
.3,489
3,080
1,750
S !»
O
2,699
10,245
8,V04
2,335
262,052
$ c. i
2,126 52 I
490 31
765 15
1,009 01
Sol 84
690 37
578 03
681 11
1,339 61
615 62
961 82
1,089 07
2,141 52
1,230 08
2,186 73
641 02
436 50
285 76
165 11
3,103 64
2,380 32
779 39
1,303 97
145 10
450 28
1,263 34
722 89
256 60
378 98
555 84
1,201 11
1,474 14
1,078 58
607 20
411 92
579 91
73,642 11,499 41
396 (;6
1,623 79
2,053 15
458 36
50,509 76
^ s
!S c.
32 25
24 71
9 92
19 00
16 55
11 88
17 77
34 57
23 21
13 78
24 72
43 93
15 51
14 70
20 53
20 54
16 00
9 61
7 47
22 73
40 22
13 43
20 00
38 48
13 10
22 91
33 25
32 68
47 79
29 42
46 19
28 90
20 88
17 40
13 37
33 13
15 61
14 69
15 84
23 58
19 63
19 27
.S8
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
SEPARATE REPOllTS UPON COMMON GAOLS.
Barrie Gaol.
1888.
1889.
1890.
year - 174
219
196
one time 31
39
27
9
28
26
$4,058.91
S4,236.23
$4,275.23
Prisoners committed during the year
(rreatest number confined at any one tinne
Number of re-committals
Total cost of maintaining gaol
A copy of the report made to the Government by Mr. Christie upon this
gaol, is annexed :
I made an inspection of the Barrie gaol on the 14th of May, and saw the
16 prisoners then in custody — 13 men and 3 women.
Of the former, one was charged with rape, one was held under a capias, one
was under sentence for larceny, and four had been committed as insane — three
of them being duly certified. The remainder were committed for minor offences
— drunk and disorderly, etc. One of the women had been committed as insane,
one as a vagrant, and the otlier for being drunk and disorderly.
The premises were clean and in fairly good order. Owing, however, to the
old and worn condition of some portions of the building, it is not an easy matter
to keep the structure in a- satisfactory state internally. I note that the floor in
the principal day-room is much worn, and requires to be renewed, although only
laid some five or six years ago. Where there is so much wear a hardwood floor
wouM answer much better
In this gaol iron bedsteads are provided on the male side, but not on the
female side.
The attention of the committee of council is called to the desirability of
having a half dozen of these bedsteads supplied for the female side.
1 was informed that a system of water worics is about to be provided for
the town. In that event, the county should arrange for the gaol being supplied
The water closets, although as well kept as can be, under the circumstances,
are offensive, and on sanitary grounds should be done away with as soon as
another system can be adopted.
Some labour is found for the prisoners in cutting wood for the county
buildings. About 250 cords are needed annually for fuel, the cutting of which
is the only employment there is for the able-bodied prisoners. Of those in
custody on this occasion, only three were physically fit to be put at hard labour,
all the others were, more or less, infirm, and the cooking, cleaning and general
domestic work full}'- occupied their time. The prevailing practice of committing
the infirm and vagrant class to the county gaols appears to be the only method
of caring for them in many of the counties.
The books were properly kept except in one instance, w^here the daily
entries had been neglected for some time. This omission was due to sickness,
but immediate amendment, nevertheless, was enjoined.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make the second inspection of this
gaol, a copy of his re])ort is annexed ;
As instructed by the Inspector of Prisons, I visited the Barrie gaol on the
13th of August, when there were 19 prisoners in custody — 14 men and 5
women, all of whom I saw.
39
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Of these, five were committed as insane, one was awaiting trial on a charge
of rape, two were under sentence for obtaining money under false pretences^
two for larceny, two for being drunk and disorder!}'-, one for contempt of court,,
one for prostitution, and the remainder for vagrancy.
The gaol was found to be clean and in good order. A new hardwood tloor
has been laid in the male day-room.
Wooden bedsteads still remain in use in the cells for female prisoners. The
roof of the wood-shed is in need of repairs, being in a leaky condition. The
books were examined and found to be propody entered up. The gaol register
requires rebinding, and it would be much more convenient for handling if it
were divided into two parts.
Berlin Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners convniitted during the year - 112 120 90
Greatest number confined at any one time 15 18 13
Number of re-committals _ . . 29 29 35
Total cost' of maintaining gaol - - $1,809.09 $1,887,25 $1,767.91
A copy of the report made upon this gaol to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly
is annexed :
I made an inspection of this gaol on the 14th June when it contained 6
pri.soners, all males. They were all under sentence, as follows : 1 for larcency,
6 months in the Central Prison ; 1 (a boy) for larency, to be sent to Industrial
School ; 1 for .shooting, five years in the Penitentiary ; the remaining 3 were
vagrants.
The gaol was clean and orderly.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol, a copy
of his report is annexed :
As instructed by Mr. Christie, I made the second inspection of the Berlin
gaol for the year 1890, on the 27th August. There were 7 prisoners in cus-
tody, 0 males and 1 female. The males were committed for the following
offences: Pickpockets 2, awaiting trial for forgery 1, insane 1, wife beating 1,
drunk 1. The female was charged with vagrancy. It was pointed out to me
that in order to reach the cellar under the turnkey's quarters, which is intended
for the use of that official, it is necessary to enter the gaol proper and from
there proceed to the gaol cellar from which apartment a door opens into the
turnkey's cellar. The arrangement causes considerable inconvenience in the
way of locking and unlocking of doors, and affords a possible means of escape for
prisoners. I am of opinion that the closing of the entrance from the gaol cellar
to the turnkey's cellar should bo closed up, and a trap door placed in the
floor of the latter's kitchen which, when done, by means of a few steps the
present difficulty would be obviated. I examined the books which were pro-
perly kept, and the building was found to be in a very satisfactory state.
Belleville Gaol.
Prisoners conmitted during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-coriiniiU<ih . . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,204.15 .$2,3()6.01 $2,415.15
Copies of the reports made to the (lovernmciit by Mr. ( 'Inistie are annexiMl :
40
1888.
1889.
1890.
250
222
200
28
:!4
39
74
30
38
1888.
1889.
1890.
346
405
343
31
31
34
142
120
172
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
I made an inspection of this gaol on the 21st February, when there were
29 prisoners in custody, 2.s males and 1 female.
Two of the former were charged with murder, four with rape, two with
arson, three were under sentence for burglary, and one was held for want of
sureties to keep the peace. The remainder were under short sentences for
minor offences, and two of the lunnber were on the sick list.
Due discrimination is being exercised in classifying the prisoners now that
room is provided therefor by the recent alterations, and the older and more
hardened criminals are being kept apart from tho.se under sentence for minor
offences.
I found the premises in good order and discipline well maintained.
I inspected the Belleville gaol on the 17th September and found 3G males
and 1 female in custody.
Six of the number had been committed as lunatics. Four of the male
prisoners had been committed for aggravated assault, one for indecent assault
and one tor larcency. The remainder had all been committed charged with
trespass and vagrancy. 190 prisoners had been committed up to date for the
current year. I found the premises in good order and the books properly kept
Brantford Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year -
Greatest nuviher confined at any one time
Number of re-committals . _ _
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $2,897.99 $2,390.05 $2,618.96
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I visited the Brantford gaol on the 25th June. There were two males and
three females in custody. The former were both under sentence for drunken-
ness ; and the latter for fraud, larceny, and vagrancy, respectively.
The gaol was in its usual good condition of cleanliness and order, and the
books were properly kept.
Brampton Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re- committals
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,031.89 $1,521.72 $1,501.84
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed : —
This gaol was inspected by me on the 27th June, when it contained 3 pri-
soners— 2 males and 1 female.
One of the males was under sentence for drunkenness, and the other two
prisoners were insane. The gaol was in its usual condition of good order. A
lawn mower should be supplied with which to keep the grass in the yards
properly cut.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make the second inspection of this gaol,
a copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you I visited the Brampton gaol on the 22nd August, and
have to report that there were 3 prisoners in custody ou this occasion, 2 males
41
1888.
1889.
1890.
263
253
217
24
19
17
81
70
38
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7.) A. 1891
and 1 female — an exceedingly small number which speaks well for the morality
of this county. The males were committed for indecent assault and vagraicy,
respectively. The female was committed as a lunatic, and although she has been
in gaol nearly a month the examiners had not been able to agree as to whether
she was a fit subject for an asylum or not.
There has been little change made in the external or internal fittings of this
gaol for years, and many improvements might be made which would add mate-
rially to its general appearance and requirements. Among these might be
mentioned heating by some other method than by the old-fashioned box stoves still
in use. Iron bedsteads are also required, and one can hardlj^ understand why a
wealthy count}' such as this is would not have procured such improvements long
years ago. The books were entered up to date, and the building was in the usual
state of good order.
Brockville Gaol.
1888. 1889. . 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 131 179 178
Greatest number confined at any one time - 25 21 27
Number of re-committals - - - 54 71 83
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,243.69 $2,415.82 $2,171.27
Copies of the reports made by Mr. Christie to the Government are annexed :
I made the first inspection of the Brockville gaol for the current year on the
3rd December.
There were 19 prisoners in custody, 14 males and 5 females.
Of the above six were committed as lunatics, two of the females, however,
were not fully certified to ; of the other male prisoners, one was charged with
shooting with intent, the others were all committed charged with minor oflences.
Of the females, one has been committed charged with keeping a disorderly
house, and the other two as vagrants.
I found that considerable progress had been made with improvements
referred to as necessary in my former notes of inspection.
The lower corridor and main stairway has been plastered, and the improve-
ment is a noticeable one. Owing, however, to the lateness of the season at which
the work was commenced, the work on the upper corridor has been deferred till
mijrler weather in the spring when, I understand, it is to be proceeded with as
soon as it can be practically undertaken. Water has been introduced into the
kitchen of the gaol from. the city supply, and will be put into the gaol proper
during the ensuing season. The door-way leading out from the kitchen pointed
out as objectionable in my note of last year has also been closed, and any effoi'ts
which might be made to escape by prisoners employed in the kitchen would not
now be likely to be successful. When the water service is supplied to the gaol
propel-, and any necessary' openings or cuttings effected to accomplish that work
is made, the next and most necessary improvement would be the concreting of
the corridor floors. The necessary expenditure would not be large, and the
comfort and sanitary condition of the gaol would bo greatl}^ improved, and it is
to be hopf-d that the committee in charge will see their way to do this work
also before suspending improvement operations.
As this gaol is not ventilated thoroughly, examination .showed that small
ventihitors could be pl.-iced in the windows witliont detriiiKmt to the safe-
keeping of the prisoners, and the .Sheriff" will thcn^fore please l)ring the fore-
going notes in regard to inipi-ovemcnts to the notice of the cominittei; in
charge with a view to having them made in due time.
J f<jund the books correctly kept and the premi.ses thoi-oughlv clean.
42
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
I made an inspection of the Brock ville f^^aol on the 16th April. There were
on that day 16 men and two women in custody. The former were all under short
date sentences for minor offences, and both the females were under sentence for
vagrancy.
I found the gaol in good condition, so far as the attention of the gaoler and
his assistants was concerned. The scraping and replastering of the upper portion
of the walls had been partially done since my last visit, and I was informed that
the work would be completed when the weather became more favourable. The
books were correctly kept.
Mr, Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this gaol. A
copy of his report is annexed : —
I beg to report that as directed by you, i made an inspection of the Brockville
gaol on the 2nd September.
The prisoners then in custody numbered ten ; eight males and two females.
Of these, two charged with larceny were awaiting trial, and one was on remand
on a like charge ; two were lunatics, one was under sentence for selling liquor
and three for vagrancy and drunkenness. One of the females was awaiting trial
for causing the death of her child through neglect. All the prisoners were seen
and no complaints were made by them. The gaol was in very good order through-
out. The walls of the corridors have been whitened with a hard finish, giving
the interior a bright and cleanly appearance.
A great improvement has been made in the sanitary condition of the
premises b}^ the introduction of properly constructed water-closets, which are
connected with the town sewers. The gaoler's books are correctly kept.
Bracebridge Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners cor)ir)iitted during the year - 21 100 91
Greatest number confined at any one time 2 9 9
Number of re-committals - - . . 5 1
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2.50 00 S350 00 $450 00
A copy of the report made by me to the Government is annexed : —
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this gaol. A
copy of his report is annexed : —
I beg to report that, as directed b}' you, I made an inspection of the
Bracebridge gaol, on the 11th August, on which occasion it contained only one male
prisoner, who is undergoing a sentence of six months for assault.
The building is badly out of repair, and unless the contemplated enlargement
is to be undertaken }it an early day some temporary work will have to be done to
make the place tenantable for the winter. The joists appear to have rotted as the
floors have given way under the middle partition wall.
A woodshed is required for the storing of the winter's fuel, which now has to be
piled in the street.
I questioned the gaoler in reference to an item which appeared in the Toronto
papers lately to the effect that a man named McCord, who liad been apiisonerin
this gaol, was now in Ottawa, seeking redress before the Minister of Justice, for
the treatment he had received while incarcerated, he claiming that for three days
and three nights he had been left in his cell without food or water. The gaoler
states that this occurrence dates back some three years ago, that the man's state-
ment is utterly without foundation and that he is a crank
43
54 Victoria. Sessional Paicrs (No. 7). A. 1891
1888.
1889.
1890.
75
122
184
9
19
27
33
50
97
1889.
1890.
87
100
12
17
16
19
81,972 67
2,046 11
McCord is an elderly man, and when eoraraitted to ,^aol. his wife (17 or 18
years of age) had no moans to provide for herself and the gaoler took her to his
house for a few days until she got another place to go to. The prisoner wanted his
wife in gaol with him and took umbrage at the gaoler's refusal to comply with his
request, and ever since he has shown resentment towards that official.
Cayuga Gaol.
Prisonei's committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Xunxher of re-committals - _ _
Total cost of maintaining gaol - S2,IG5 07 $2,027 75 $1,816 90
A copy of a report made up3n this gaol by Dr. (3'R nlly is annexed : —
Upon my inspection of this gaol on the 12th June, I found five jirisoners in
custody, all males. One wtis awaiting trial fof forgery, and the remaining four were
under sentence for larceny, burglary, carrying unlawful weapons, and perjury,
respectivel}^
The gaol and premises were in their usual clean and orderly condition,
Cornwall Gaol.
1888.
Prisoners committed during the year - 61
Greatest number confined at any one time - 12
Number of re-committals - - - 14
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $1,918 96
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed : —
This gaol was inspected by me on the 17th April, when it contained four
prisoners — 3 males and 1 female. One of the males was under sentence for lar-
ceny, and the other two for vagrancy.
The gaol was clean and in an orderly condition, and the books were written
up to date.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make the second inspection of this
gaol. A copy of his report is rmnexed : —
In accordance with directions, I visited the Cornwall gaol on the 3rd Sep-
temVjer. The prisoners, seven in number, were all males. One had been com-
mitted as insane ; four were awaiting trial for larceny, incest, bigamy, and shooting
with intent, respectively. The remaining two were under sentence, one for larceny
and the other for disorderly conduct. The number of prisoners that have been
in custody during the current year is ninety.
The gaol was in good onler generally. The whitewash on the walls is
cracking and Tailing off; the walls should be scraped and a new coat supplied.
The water supply is now obtained from the town water- works ; and pro-
perly constructed water closets have been provided inside the gaol.
CoBOURG Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisonerff committed during the year - 103 133 129
Greatest number confined at any one time 19 28 27
Number of re-.rommitl als - - - 24 37 49
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $3,002 36 $2,805 18 $3,269 61
44
1889.
1890.
208
22S
25
23
24
19
,628 76
$2,637 6
54 Victoiia. Sessional Tapers (No. 7). A. 1891
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this gaol.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
In accordance with the instructions of the Inspector of Prisons, I made an in-
spection of the Cobourg gaol on the IDth June. There were on that day 11 men and
2 women in custody'. The latter were under sentence for vagrancy and drunken-
ness, respectively. Of the former, one committed for horse stealing had been ac-
quitted by the jury on the ground of insanity ; tour were under sentence for
vagrancy, two for drunkenness, one for assault, one for larceny, one for indecent ex-
posure, and one for breach of by-law against setting off fireworks.
Some slight alterations and repairs were being made in connection with the
waste-pipe from the sink in the lower wards; otherwise the gaoi was clean and neat
throughout. The books were in proper order.
Chatham Gaol.
1888.
Prisoners co'irimitted during the year - 143
Greatest number confined at any one ti'ine 23
Niiinher of re-committals . . . 15
TotaZ cost of maintaining gaol - $2,734 48
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government upon this gaol is
annexed : —
I made the lirst statutory inspection of this gaol for the current year on the 1st
March.
There were 16 prisoners in custody at the time of my visit, viz., 15 males
andl female.
Of the males, one was awaiting trial for forgery, and two for larceny ; two
were under sentence for larceny, two were vagrants, and eight were drunks.
The oue female prisoner was held upon a charge of murder. As this woman
was pregnant, and likely to be confined befoie her trial could take place, arrange-
ments were made for providing her with a nurse, and such comforts as were
necessary.
One of the male vagrants is 72 years of age, who has been sentenced to the gaol
and held there for no crime except his poverty. There is great need of an infirm-
ary, and better means for the classification of prisoners in this gaol. The accommo-
dation in this respect is far too limited for a town of the importance of Chatham.
There should also be an additional turnkey placed upon the stafi" ; one turnkey does
not afford sufficient assistance to the gaoler to secure the proper and efficient admin-
istration of the affairs of the institution.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make a second inspection of this gaol. A
copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by j'ou, I made an inspection of the Chatham gaol on the 10th
September, on which occasion there were in charge eight prisoners ; seven males
and one female. The males were committed for the following offences : horse
stealing, one ; assault, two ; drunk and disorderly, one ; larceny, one ; disturbing
the peace, two. The female was awaiting trial for murder. The water closets in this
gaol are situated in the corridors in such a way that there is no privacy whatever
in connection with them, not even being separated by a common boai'd partition,
and the smell emitted from the one in the west corridor, which I was told M'as
continuous, is so offensive that it is a wonder that an epidemic has not been
45
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
1888.
1889.
1890,
130
74
84
23
15
24
69
38
52
occasioned thereby. The gaoler informed me that repairs were about to be under-
taken with a view of remedying this defect, together with many others of minor
consequence, which were pointed out at the time of my inspectiun. I am of
opinion, liowever, that the erection of an entirely new structure is the only proper
course to be taken for the establishment of a place of detention for those to be
committed thereto. The furnishings of the gaoler's office are very ancient and
dilapidated, and not at all suited for the requirements. A new desk is especially
required for the proper keeping of books and papers connected with that office.
Stoves of very antique design are used for heating purposes and it appeared quite
evi<lent that a change in this respect was very necessary. The books were found
correct and the gaol generally was in as good order as such an antedeluvian
structure could be expected to be.
Godp:rich Gaol.
Prisoners cominitted during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
N iunher of re-committals
Total cod of maintaining gaol - - - .S2,853.06 S2,574.21 82,492.76
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Rielly to the Government upon this gaol
is annexed : —
The Godei-ich gaol was inspected by me on the 14th June. There were on
that day ten prisoners in custody : nine males and one female, Three had been
committed as insaue.and the others were under sentence as follows : — for larceny,
three ; for vagrancy, four.
Owing to the isolated situation of this gaol a telephone is urgently needed.
A large number of the gaols in the Province are now provided with this
convenience.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make the second inspection of this gaol.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you, I made the second inspection for the year 1890 of the
Goderich gaol, on the 27th August, on which occasion there were eight prisoners
in custody, viz. : seven males and one female, who were committed for the follow-
ing offences : males, four insane and three vagrants. The woman was also com-
mitted as a vagrant.
No change has taken place in the general condition of the building, although
recommendations have frequently been made with that end in view. The gaeler,
however, states that the County Council have oidered the outside woodwork of
the gaol to receive two coats of paint, and the walls to be pointed with lime.
This work, of cour.se, is quite neces.sary, but is only a mere fraction of what is
required to j>lace this gaol in anything like a satisfactory state, so that the work
of the institution may be efficiently carried on. This building is admirably
situated for drainage purpo.se-s, but still no drain exists. Tlie old-fashioned closets
are used, and are allowed to become full to overliowiug at times, and the no.x^ious
gases ari.sirig from the.se is enough to cause disease. Tiie soil surrounding the
gaol must be impit;gtiated with decayed matter, ami it is surprising that outbreaks
of a serious nature have not occuried before. In my opinion this can only be
attributed to the location of the building, which is situated, perhaps, in as healthy
a site as could be found anywhere. There is no laundry or bath room, the kitchen
is not fitted for its purpose, and the cellar, situated in the centre of the building,
46
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
is ueither provided with light, drainage nor ventilation. It is to be hoped that the
County Council will at once see the necessity for giving the premises a thorough
overhauling, and make the place, at least, habitable. The telephone recommended
by the late ins[)ector, Dr. O'Rielly has not been put in ; it would, however, be of
great convenience if procured. The books were all entered up to date, and the
building was in as good order as could be expected under the circumstances.
GuELPH Gaol.
Prisoners coniniitted during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Climber of re-coniniittals
Total cost of maintaining gaol
1888.
ISO
19
19
J,378.28
1889.
87
14
7
1890.
89
14
7
$2,498.90 $2,439.07
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I inspected this gaol on the 4th July. There were in custody three males and
one female. One of the former was awaiting trial for horse stealing ; the other
prisoners were all vagrants.
The condition of the gaol was satisfactory, and its affairs were apparently beinnr
conducted in a proper manner.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol. A copy
of his report is annexed : —
Acting under your instructions, I made an inspection of the Guelph gaol on
the 9th September, being the second for this year. On this day there were six
prisoners in custody — five males and one female. The males were committed for
the following offences, viz. : Larceny, one ; seduction, one ; selling liquor without
license, one ; vagrancy, one ; drunk and disorderly, one. The female was a
vagrant. I found very little to comment upon in this gaol, no changes having
taken place since the last inspection. It was gratifying, however, to find such a
small number of prisoners in confinement. The books were examined and found
to be entered up correctly, and the building was clean and in good condition
throughout.
Hamilton Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest 'iiurabe'^ confined at any one time
Number of re-comrnittals . _ .
Total cost of maintaining gaol
1888.
1,031
63
609
1889.
925
55
535
$5,095.09 $5,136.69
1890.
941
64
583
$5,303.32
A copy of the report made upon this gaol by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government
is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Hamilton gaol on the 29th May. There were
ihen in custody 34 men and 7 wc'men — total, 41. Of these prisonei-s 24 were
ijommitted for drunkenness and four for vagrancy ; two were charged with in-
decent assault and forgery respectively ; four were insane and the others were
under sentence — four for larceny, two for assault, and one for keeping a dis-
orderly house.
The gaol was in good order throughout and the books properly entered up.
47
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (jSTo. 7). A. 1891
1888.
1889.
1890.
209
254
237
33
36
35
30
37
28
Kingston Gaol.
J^risontirs coiiiiniUed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Xumber of re-committals . . _
Totai cod of maintaim7ig gaol - - $3,891.34 $4,392.07 $4,286.48
•A eop3' of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
craol is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Kingston gaol on the 15th Apiil. I found in
custody 17 male and 5 female prisoners. One of the males had been committed as
insane : three were under sentence for larceny ; one was awaiting trial for bur-
oflary ; and the remainder were held for minor offences. The females were all
ser\dng short sentences for minor offences.
Since the date of my last visit the gaol has undergone a thorough renova-
tion. The entire walls and cells have been scraped to remove the old white-
wash and lime, and the painting of the cells was being proceeded with. The
work is well done so far as completed, and has afforded active employment for
the prisoners in charge for some time past, and at a season when little other
work could be provided for them.
In many of the important gaols of the Province a telephone has been sup-
plied, and the placing of one in this gaol would no doubt prove a great advan-
tage if the committee of Council could see their way to make the expenditure.
Th§ o-aoler represents that it would be of much service in communicating wdth
the police station, etc.
During the past winter the outer %vall of the gaol was damaged by frost to
such an extent as to make it necessary to rebuild a considerable portion of it,
and I was glad to find on this inspection that prompt action had been taken in
the matter.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make the second inspection of this
<'aol. A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by the Inspector of Prisons, I made an inspection of the King-
ton o-aol on the 5th September. There were in custody on that date 2.'> males
and 6 females, all of whom except three were under sentence for vagrancy and
drunkenness.
The three exceptions were males, one committed as a lunatic and the other
two awaiting trial for larceny and rape respectively.
The Hoors of the cells and corridors in the lower part of the gaol were very
damp, and I was informed by the gaoler that this " sweaty ' condition prevails
throughout the hot w^eather, but it is not noticeable during the winter. Evi-
dently better drainage and ventilation are required. Concrete floors in place of
the present stone flagging would no doubt make the premises much dryer.
The gaol was in an excellent condition of cleanliness and order. The prisoners
are employed in cutting wood, breaking stone, and keeping the court house
grounds in onler.
London Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
PrinonerH committed during the year - 883 1,042 754
Greatent number confined, at any one time 66 68 56
Number of re-committals - - - - 412 429 338
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $7,578.61 $6 434.46 $5,938.30
48
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1893
A cop3^ of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government is annexed : —
Dr. O'Reilly made an inspection of this gaol on the 2nd June. There were
23 prisoners in custody, of whom 17 were men and 6 women.
Fifteen were under sentence for vagrancy and drunkenness, one for keeping
disorderly house, and one for being an inmate, one for murder ; one was waitin"
trial for larceny, one was on remand for robbery, two were detained as lunatics,
and one held on a charge of forgery was awaiting extradition.
The gaol in all its departments was in very good order.
Lindsay Gaol.
1S88. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 59 63 71
Greatest number confined at any one time 18 14 17
Number of re-committals - - - - 6 5 6
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $1,989.50 $1,636.90 $1,901.62
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol. A copy
of his repoit is annexed :
As instructed by you I visited this gaol for the purpose of makinr'- the
second inspection for the year 1890, on the 16th August.
On this occasion there were eight prisoners in custodj^ — six males and two
females. Of the males three were committed for larceny, two for vagrancy, and
one as a lunatic. Of the females one was committed as a vagrant, and the other
for keeping a house of ill-fame. On my arrival at the gaol I found the gaoler
was absent on business. That official, however, returned before I had completed
my inspection. The turnkey, Mr. Bate, who appears to be a painstaking officer,
conducted me to every part of the premises. Considerable improvement has been
made in this gaol, especially in the addition of another story which gives very much
more room, and will greatly aid in the classification of the prisoners. This upper
story although not yet furnished, is awaiting the order which I understood has
been given to the Central Prison for a supply of bedsteads, and they are expected
in the course of a few days. This gaol is now much improved and would appear
quite equal to the requirements for which it is intended. The gaoler reports that
the new heatina" apparatus works in all respects satisfactorily with the exception
that it does not afford sufficient warmth to that official's residence. I am of opinion
that this defect may be properly attributed to the age of the building, the win-
dows, doors, etc., having become shrunken through time. On the walls of the
gaoler's office a prisoner has painted two panels, one on the right hand side and
the other on the left, which are quite artistic and appeared to me to be very
appropriate to the place. The}^ read as follov.-s, on going into the office " The way
of the transgressor is hard," and on coming out " Depart in peace." A new cook
stove is required, the one in use being broken in places and should be discarded.
'The books have been projjerly kept, and the building was clean throughout.
L'Orignal Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals - - - -
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $1,294.32 $1,606.69 $1,597.35
A copy of a report made by me to the Government upon this gaol is annexed:
4 (G.) 49
1888.
1889.
189(
17
29
25
8
13
10
1
2
4
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7) A. 1891
I made an inspection of the L'Orignal gaol on the 16th September, and saw-
all the prisoners then in custody, ten in number — eight males and two females.
Three of the males and one of the females were committed as lunatics. Two
prisoners,, one male and one female, were awaiting trial charged with murder.
The remaining four prisoners, three males and one female, were charged with
minor oflences.
I found the gaol in good order, the corridors and cells were clean ; the bed-
dine- clean and in good condition ; the gaol yard and water closets clean and in
good order ; prisoners' clothing in good condition ; books well kept, and the man
agement and discipline good.
Milton Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners coriirtiitted during the year - 493 332 327
Greatest number confined at any one time 32 29 22
Number of re-committals - - - - 93 32 31
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - §1,318.57 $1,270.44 81,208.13
I regret that I am unable to present any report upon this gaol on account of
the sudden demise of the late inspector Dr. W. T. O'Reilly.
Napaxee Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals . . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $1,439.21 $1,764.88 $1,315.11
Copies of the reports made to the Government by Mr. Christie upon this
gaol are annexed :
This gaol was inspected by me on the 19th February, when I found eleven
prisoners in custody — all males.
One was charged with threatening to shoot, two w^ere under sentence for
larceny, and one had just been committed as insane ; all the others were under
sentence for vagrancy and drunkenness.
Both the gaoler and matron were temporarily absent at the time of my visit.
I found the piemises in fair, order and the books properly kept, except in one
case where two days' entries were unrecorded.
No action has been taken in regard to the improvements suggested on the
occasion of my last visit and recorded in my notes of inspection. I would there-
fore a<'ain call the attention of the connuittee of council to the necessity of mak-
ing the improvements referred to as soon as the weather will admit of the work
being undertaken.
Mr. Christie in.structed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this gaol.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
In accordance with the instructions of the Inspector of Prisons, I made an
inspection of the Napanee gaol on the 6th September. Four males were in
custody, all under sentence tor vagrancy.
Two railway navvies who were sentenced to this gaol on the 2nd inst. for
being drunk and disorderly, effected their escape the same day by climbing a
60
1888.
1889.
1890,
45
44
74
9
15
18
18
25
28
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
storm door that swings back against the 3'ard wall, enabling them to reach the
top of the wall easily. The turnkey was said to be in the porch in front of the
gaol at the time, about twenty feet from the corridor door, and heard the noise,
but upon going to investigate he found that the prisoners had made good their
escape. They were not recaptured, but their fines were paid by the railway
" boss " the following day.
The gaol I found to be in good order. A water service pipe has lately been
laid into the gaol kitchen, connecting with the town water works. A very desir-
able improvement, from a sanitary point of view, would be the substitution of
modern Hush-closets for the privies now in use.
The books were found to be cc-rrectly kept.
Mr. Christie made a third inspection 01 this gaol on the 9th October, and
found three prisoners in custody — two males and one female.
One of the male prisoners was under sentence for one year to the Central
Prison ; the other two had been committed as vagrants. The female prisoner
had also been committed as a vaorant.
I found the premises fairly clean but obviously in an unsanitary condition,
owing to the choking of the drains leading from the basement in which are situ-
ated the kitchen for the use of the gaoler, and one for gaol purposes. This defect
requires prompt attention.
No water supply is available for gaol purposes except what is got from a well
and cistern on the premises. The w^ell is only from thirty to thirty-five feet
distant from the closets and very likely to be contaminated. I was informed
that the drains also have not been opened for some time. These ought to be
examined and cleaned without delay, and the sheriff will please call the attention
of the gaol committee to this matter with a view of having the drains examined
and, if necessary, thoroughly cleaned. An examination should be made of the
wells also in order to determine whether or not any impurities are filtering into
the water suppl}'.
Ottawa Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals - - -
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $5,678.75 S5,549.52 $5,707.94
A copy of the report, made by Mr. Christie, to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed :
I made an inspection of this gaol for the current year, on the 30th of April.
On that day there were 23 males and 6 females in custody. Of the males, four
were committed as lunatics, (two of them being fully certified), four were under
sentence to the Central Prison, and nine were serving short terms for larceny, etc.,
one was found guilty of an attempt to use explosives for the purpose of doing
bodily harm, another was committed for contempt of court, and the remainder
for minor offences. Of the females, one had been committed as a lunatic,
another for keeping a house of ill-fame, and the other three for minor offences.
I found as good a disposition made of the prisoners, in regard to their classifi-
cation, as could be expected under the circumstances. The whole building,
however, was in a state of confusion, owinu to the repairs and alterations which
have been going on for some time, and which have been referred to at length in
last year's report, in order to afford room for the more thorough classification of
the prisoners and their better safe-keeping.
51
1888.
1889.
1890,
715
641
717
55
48
48
88
74
lOG
-54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
The firet, and probably the most important of these alterations, is the con-
struction of two iron stairways, one in the front and the other in the rear of the
building. These stairwaj's are almost completed, and the work has been well
and .substantially done. This change will remove the apprehension of any
accident from lire, which the existence of tlie old wooden stairway gave rise to.
Another precaution for the safetj'^ of the building is the use of gas instead of
coal-oil lamps, upon each of the four landings. When the stairways are com-
pleted, and the iron partitions dividing the corridors are constructed, the gaol
will then have thirteen compartments, beside the large dining hall and basement
or punishment corridor. The upper six will be used exclusively for female
prisoners, the front upper room exclusively for female lunatics, who may be
temporarily committed, and the large room in the rear will be occupied by the
\-ounger class of female culprits, or girls who may be committed for their first
otfence, and the remaining compartments will afford ample room for the different
classes of female prisoners. The rooms referred to are neatly fitted up, and
being lined with hard-wood throughout, from floor to ceiling, no better provision
in this regard could be made for the classes for whom they are intended.
While perfectly secure, they are entirely free from any cell-like arrangement,
and are light and airy. Baths and closets are placed in each corridor on each
flat, and closets are also to be fitted up in the rear of each flat or corridor. The
whole of the alterations and improvements are in a forward state, and when
completed (which will be in a week or two at most), this gaol will be in a very
superior condition in all its api)ointments. The work has, evidently, been well
done, and great care and good judgment are manifest.
The necessity for these improvements is very obvious when the increase in
the number of prisoners incarcerated is considered.
Up to the present date of the current year the number is 405, or an increase
of 6(j as compared with the corresponding period of last year. The increase,
however, is wholly in the number of male prisoners committed ; the females are
14 less than last year.
Ample employment has been found for the prisoners, and the}^ are kept con-
stantly at work at stone-breaking during the winter months.
Owen Sound Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 182 192 151
Greatest number confined at any one time 34 29 31
Nuruher of re-committals - - - 79 87 75
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $3,750.33 §4,096.60 $4,180.32
A copy of the report made upon this gaol to the Government by Dr.
O'Reilly, is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Owen Sound gaol on the 3rd July. Eight
prisoners were in custody, seven males and one female. The latter and two of
the former were vagrants. Of the others, three were under sentence for larceny
and <nje for creating disturbance.
The old shed in rear of the gaoler's house should be torn down, as it affords
access to tlie upper windows of the gaol. It is also a soni-cc of danger from
fire. The gaol is now pnjvided with iron bedsteads tor all the cells.
The re-arrangement ot kitchen accommodation is not yet completed.
52
1888.
1889.
1890.
60
71
65
21
24
21
20
46
25
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7.) A. 1891
Orangeville Gaol,
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one tirtie
Number of re-committals _ - _
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,210.60 $1,822.02 $2,037.::{9
I regret tliat I am unable to present any report upon this gaol on account of
the sudden demise of the late Inspector, Dr. W. T. O'Reilly.
Perth Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 82 78 88
Greatest number confined at any one time 38 27 30
Number of re-committals - . . 22 25 36
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,356.00 $2,430.90 $2,943.97
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Perth gaol on the 29th April.
The prisoners in custody were five males and four females. One of the
former had been committed as insane, and the other four as vagrants. One of
the females had been committed for drunkenness and the others for vagrancy.
I found the premises well kept and in thorough order : but, from the num-
ber of commitments thus far in the current year, it is evident that the accommo-
dation is far short of the requirements. The number of commitments this year
up to date is 63, and for the same period of last year the number was 48. As
many as 36 have been in custody at one time during this year, while the number
of cells is 18. Onl}^ three of the cells are appropriated for females, and the num-
ber to be accommodated at one time has been as high as 13. Employment has
been found for the prisoners at stone-breaking during the winter, and a commend-
able arrangement in this regard continues.
PicTON Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 62 53 45
Greatest number confined at any one time 6 6 5
Number of re-committals . _ - 27 32 27
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $1,827.66 $1,166.69 $1,060.10
A copy of the report mad-e by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed :
I made an inspection of the Picton gaol on the 17th .September. There were
three male prisoners in custody on the day of my visit ; two for larceny, and one
committed as insane. During the present year, forty-four prisoners have been
committed up to this date.
Pembroke Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals . . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $1 731.50 $1,684.63 $1,756.78
A copy of the report made by me upon this gaol to the Government is
annexed : —
53
88.
1889.
1890.
60
75
54
15
18
15
16
17
19
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
I visited the Pembroke gaol on the 19th September, and saw all the pris-
oners then in cllstod3^ eight in number, five males and three females. Three ot
tlie inmates had been committed as lunatics, the others, for minor offences, were
awaiting trial.
I found the gaol clean and well kept ; the beds and bedding clean, and in
good order ; corridors and cells clean and in good condition ; prisoners' clothing
in good condition ; books are well kept ; discipline and management good.
Peterborough Gaol.
1888. 1880. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 154 111 161
Greatest number confined at any one time 30 23 25
Nnmher of re-covimittals _ . _ 74 47 71
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,861.29 $2,547.12 $2,617.84
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed : —
I made an inspection of this gaol on the 12th March, and saw the twenty-one
prisoners then in custody, eighteen males and three females.
Three of the males were fully certified as insane; five were under short sen-
tences for larceny, and the remainder were under sentence for vagrancy, drunk-
enness, etc.
I found the premises neat, clean, and orderly. Although no greater number
of prisoners has been in charge up to the present date than in former years, yet
the lack of sufficient accommodation is obvious.
There are only four corridors in the gaol, each containing room for six pris-
oners, and on the day of my visit, three of these corridors were occupied exclu-
sively by males. Consequently, only one can be set apart for females, and, of
course, no attempt at classification or separation can be made on the female side.
I found that one of the corridors on the male side was appropriated more par-
ticularly to the use of the juvenile culprits, together with some of the older male
prisoners committed for vagrancy. These old men are respectable, though in
indigent circumstances, and are chosen with a view to keeping an oversight of the
younger class. This, no doubt, is the best provision that can be made, under the
circumstances, for the benefit of the juvenile offenders.
The books of record were in proper order, and there was good evidence of
attention on the part of the gaoler and his assistants.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make the second inspection of this gaol.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by Mr. Christie, I made the second inspection for the year 1890
of the Peterboi'o gaol, on the 16th August. T found 13 prisoners in custody, 11
males and 2 females. The charges under which they were committed are as
follows : — Males, vagrants 6 ; insane 2 ; damage to property 1 ; larceny 1 ; plac-
ing obstruction on R. R. track 1 ; females, insane 1 ; vagrants 1. The early
hour at which I visited this gaol, viz. 0.30 a.m., found mattei-s rather unsettled,
caused hy prisoners getting out of i)ed, washing and dressing themselves, and
getting ready for the daily routine, still there appeared to be regular order
observed. Their breakfast was being prepared in the kitchen by one of the
prisoners, and the food served was of a wholesome nature. I examined the books
which were entered up to date, and the gaol generally was in a satisfactory
condition.
54
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 7). A. 1891
1888.
1889.
1890,
50
52
37
15
12
22
1
3
Port Arthur Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $2,060.90 $2,031.84 $1,950.67
Mr. Christie instructed Dr. Clark of the Toronto asylum, to make an inspec-
tion of this gaol. A copy of his report is annexed : —
Under instructions from the Inspector of Prisons, I made an inspection of
the Port Arthur gaol, on September 22nd, 1890. On that date the gaol contained
two prisoners — both males. The building contains 22 cells heated by stoves, but
not at all satisfactory as reported by the gaoler. The dry earth closet system is
adopted, and is necessary seeing the well is in the yard, and not far distant
The sink water is carried off by pipe drainage and appears to work very well.
If pipes were laid from the well into the kitchen under ground and away from
frost it would prevent the constant freezing of water in winter, and would at the
same time be more available for domestic use. The gaol yard was in a cleanly
and neat condition, as also were the cells and bedding. On examination I found
the books and register well kept and entered up to date.
Parry Sound Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 26 41 42
Greatest number confined at any one time 4 6 6
Number of re-commyittals - - 2 5 9
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $364.28 $635.78 $711.60
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this gaol.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
I beg to report that as directed by you, I made an inspection of the Parry
Sound gaol, on the 8th of August.
The prisoners in custody numbered six — ^^all males. Two were awaiting trial
for assaulting a constable ; two were under sentence for manslaughter ; and the
remaining two were committed for being drunk and disorderly.
The prisoners were employed at the time of my visit in piling wood in the
woodshed, and as the building is on open ground outside the gaol yard, the
prisoners require to be closely watched. This duty the gaoler is sometimes
obliged to delegate to some irresponsible party, as he has no turnkey. The
gaoler al§o acts as bailiff'. The gaol was found to be in good order. The ground
in front is in a rough state and should be graded to the street.
Rat PortaCxE Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 109 115 72
Greatest number confined, at any one time 12 15 7
Number of re-committals - 30 34 20
Total cost of maintaining gaol - $2,593.29 $2,549.88 $2,434.98
188.
1889.
1890..
79
99
80
12
13
14
9
6
13
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
SiMCOE Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890
Prisoners committed during the year - 77 108 01
Greatest number confined at any one time 10 '24< 13
Number of re-committal K - - 22 34 26
Total cost of maintaining gaol - SI, 685.85 $1,819.20 81,706.04
A copy of a report made by Dr. O'Reilly upon this e^aol is annexed: —
I visited the Simcoe gaol on the 12th of June, Two men and two Avomon
were in custody on that day. Of the former, one was under sentence for larceny,
and one was insane. One of the women was undergoing sentence for larceny, and
the other for vagrancy.
The prison records were examined and found to be properly kept. Tiie gaol
also was in excellent order.
St. Catharines Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committals - . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $3,043.41 $2,887.97 $2,744.11
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government upon this gaol
is annexed : —
This gaol was inspected by me on the 23rd June, when it contained five
prisoners, all males. None of these prisoners had been committed for very
serious offences ; but were charged with larceny, trespass, indecent exposure and
drunkenness.
The gaol was clean and in good order. The books also were found to be
correctly kept.
Sarnia Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890
Prisoners committed during the year - 215 261 236
Greatest number confined at any one time 32 29 24
Number of re-committals - - - 2 9 20
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $3,599.58 $3,219.44 $3,107.99"
A copy of the report made to the Government upon this gaol by Dr. O'Reilly
is annexed : —
This gaol was inspected by me on the 13th June, when I found 11 prisoners
therein, nine men and two women. Of these, one was waiting trial for larceny,
seven were under .sentence for assault, drunkenness and vagrancy, etc.
The gaol was in a good state of cleanliness and order.
Mr. Christie instructed Dr. Clark of the Toronto asylum, to make the second
inspection of this gaol. A copy of his report is anncjxed : —
Under instructions from the Inspector of Prisons, I inspected the Sarnia gaol
on September 8th, 1890, on which occasion there were 13 prisoners coniined there,
nine males and four females. One of tlie prisoners, S. ]3ayham, is a dement and
ought to be in an asylum. FTc has been in gaol since 1884. One prisoner was
56
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
committed for arson, three for drunkenness and four for vagrancy. It was
satisfactory to find a separate and better dietary for insane old people than for
other prisoners.
Two pipes from the eavetroughs come into the airing court in the corners,
and any well prisoner of ordinary agility could climb up these and make his
escape over the wall. A fev/ dollars expense would remove these to the outside
of the wall. They are only ladders as at present situated. A prisoner by name,
Lizzie Chishold, escaped by this means, August 26th, but was recaptured.
This structural defect should be remedied. There should also be gratings on
windows from gaol kitchen. One of these windows should have on it wire screen-
ings to prevent prisoners walking through it and reaching the flat roof of the
adjacent building. Not only could prisoners be communicated with, but any
instrument they might choose could be handed to them from without. This is a
serious defect and should be attended to at once. The airing court for males in
this gaol is very small, and in view of the prison population should be larger.
The yards and water closets were neat and clean, so also were the bedding and
cells. The books and register I found neatly and correctly entered up, and well
kept.
Stratford Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners comTnitted during the year - 158 150 12,2
Greatest number confined at any one ti7)ie 24 19 20
Number of re-co'nimittals . - - 62 55 51
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,512.56 $2,540.61 $2,507,08
A copy of the report upon this gaol made to the Government by Dr. O'Eeilly
is annexed : —
The Stratford gaol was inspected by me on the 14th June, when there were
fifteen males in custody, no females.
One was insane, one was awaiting trial for murder and one for assault ; the
remainder were under sentence for larceny, trespass, vagrancy, etc.
The gaol was in excellent order. Some changes in details have been made
which experience has shown to be necessary.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make the second inspection of this gaol.
He reported as follows : —
In accordance with instructions received from you, I visited the Stratford
gaol for the purpose of inspection on the 28th August. There were 13 prisoners
in custody, 12 males and 1 female. Of the males six were committed as vagrants,
two as insane, one for murder, one horse stealing, one default of sureties and one
for disorderly conduct. The female was insane. One of the drains had become
obstructed with rubbish and had to be opened and cleaned out. That is now
working in a satisfactory iwanner. The heating apparatus which was recently
placed in the gaol did not work as well as it was anticipated to do. Alterations,
however, have now been made, and although a test has not yet taken place, it is
expected that the apparatus will now give more satisfaction.
I found the books very neatly kept, and all entered up to date.
On account of the recent repairs, the internal portion of the gaol was hardly
in as tidy a state as should be. This state of affairs need not exist any longer as
the workmen are now finished.
5*7
1888.
1889.
1890.
192
202
151
24
29
19
42
37
32
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Sandwich Gaol.
Prisoiiers committed during the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-comm'ittals - . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $3,266.45 88,021.90 §2,802.68
A Copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly on this gaol
is annexed : —
I made my first .statutory inspection of this gaol, for the current year, on
the 1st March.
There were in custody on that day 5 male prisoners, no females. One
of the prisoners was on remand charged with indecent assault, two were under
sentence to the common gaol for larcency, one for drunkenness, and one, a debtor,
was in custody on a capais.
Some improvements have been made in the gaol kitchen and other parts of
the building, by which the sanitary condition of the gaol proper is made very
much better. But nothing has been done with reference to the sanitary condition
of the gaoler's apartments, which has been so stronglj'^ reported upon by the
gaol surgeon.
The books and records were found to be in satisfactory order.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol. A copy
of his report is annexed :
The second annual inspection of the Sandwich gaol for the year 1890 accord-
ing to your instructions was made by me on the 10th Sejitember. The prisoners
numbered 10, of which 7 were males, and 3 females, and wei'e committed for the
following offences, viz. : males, vagrants two, drunks one, adultery one, forgery
one ; females, larceny one, vagrancy one, adultery one. On previous inspections
complaint had been made by the late Inspector regarding the sanitary condition
of the gaol, principally on account of the poor ventilation. Improvements have
lately been made in the drainage and the ventilation, particularly of the gaoler's
quarters. A new range is required for cooking purposes, the old one in use,
being worn out. I examined the books and found them properly kept and
entered up, and the gaol was found to be clean and tidy throughout.
St. Thomas Gaol.
1888.
Prisoners committed during the year - 148
Greatest number confined at any one time 22
Number of re-committals ... 70
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,322.85 $2,121.42 $2,219.67
A copy of the report made upon this gaol by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government
is annexed : —
I visited the St. Thomas gaol on the 2n(l June. There were then in
custod}' 13 prisoners, namely 11 men and 2 women; of the former, one was
awaiting tiial for seduction, and one for larceny, the remainder were under
sentence : two for trespass, one for keeping a gambling house, one for false pre-
tences, one for cruelty to animals, one for as.sault, and one for being drunk and
disorderly, one was held for debt, and one as a crown witness. The two females
were comnjiLtcrj for disorderly conduct.
'58
1889.
1890.
181
132
21
19
67
30
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
The condition of the gaol, both internally and externally, was found to be
•very satisfactory.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol. A copy
of his report is annexed : —
Actino; under instructions from you I paid a visit to the St. Tliomas gaol on
the 12th September, for the purpose of making the second inspection for the
year 1890. On this occasion there were 12 prisoners, 10 males, and 2 females,
who were committed for the following offences. Males, for breaking railway
car one, forgery one, arson two, horse stealing two, indecent assault one, drunk
and disorderly one, crown witness one, contempt of court one ; and the females,
vagrancy one, disorderly conduct one.
There has been no change in the general condition of this gaol since the last
inspection with the exception that an iron smoke stack has been erected, for the
purpose of carrying off the smoke from the furnace.
A supply of rubber hose, say one hundred feet, for protection against fire is
required, the old stock being worn out and insufficient.
The bath, which has a tap for cold water, should also have a hot water at-
tachment, which if added would place this very necessary convenience in good
order.
The books were found to be entered up and properly kept, and the building
«lean and tidy throughout.
Sault St. Marie Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners comimitted during the year - 191 127 52
Greatest number covfined at any one time 24 26 12
Number of re-committals _-_ 21 11 2
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,387.21 $3,687.33 $1,911.43
Mr. Christie instructed Dr. Clark, of the Toronto Asylum, to make an inspec-
tion of this gaol. A copy of his report is annexed : —
Under the authority of the Inspector of Prisons I inspected the Sault St.
Marie gaol on September 12th, 1890, on which date there were three prisoners,
two males and one female. The general condition of this s^aol I found to be fair,
the cells and bedding being clean and tidy. In some respects, however, the grounds
•end outbuildings are defective. There is a picket fence, six feet high, built iDctween
"the gaol building and the yard fence, over which any prisoner of ordinary dexterity
could climb. This fence should be taken away or made as high as the yard wall.
The door into the yard is too near this fence, and should be hung on the other
side so as to prevent it being used to climb on. The driving shed is too near the
main building, and were it on fire it would jeopardize the gaol buildings. There
is plenty of room for it in the rear of the gaol yard, to which location it could
he moved. There is also a pond of stagnant water in the front yard which needs
filling up with earth. The heating arrangements in this gaol are not satisfactory ;
the stoves in the side corridors cannot heat sufficiently the cells in the new part.
Hot air pipes should run from the stoves into the inside corridors, the latter
being very cold in winter. A number of the locks are very poor in construction
and design, and could be very easily picked. They should be replaced by ten
good new locks to make the gaol safe. The food I found to be of a good
■quality according to gaol dietary, and upon examining the books I found they
were neatly and correctly kept.
59
1888.
1889.
1890.
4,128
:!,951
3,984
262
239
246
844
803
720
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Toronto Gaol.
Priso'ners coinnnitted durhig the year
Greatest number confined at any one time
Number of re-committah _ . .
Total cost of ma'tntainmg gaol - - S21,402.10 S23,6oo.62 S28,195.1S
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this gaol
is annexed : —
I made an inspection of this gaol on the 7th April, and found 246 prisoners-
in custody, 184 males and 62 females. This number is largely in excess of the
average gaol population, and is due to the fact that during the Easter holidays-
the magistrate's court was not in session, there being at least fourty-five of the
number awaiting trial.
A noticeable feature in the management of this gaol is the improvement in
the classification of the prisoners since the enlargement of the premises was made.
Prior to this change it was found to be a most difficult thing to make any classi-
' fication or selection of prisoners for the different corridors. Now, however, the
increased accommodation makes it possible to select prisoners for the several
con-idors, having regard to their age, character and condition. But the difficulties-
in this direction are almost beyond comprehension, as it would be difficult to
select a more motley group of criminals of all ages and conditions, and represent-
ing as they did nearly all classes of crime, than were to be seen here on the day
of ray visit. Nevertheless, the separation of the classes was made as tboro\ighly
and correctly as could be accomplished under the circumstances ; and I found in
Ko. 1 corridor, on the male side, all the prisoners on remand ; in No. 2 were the
old and infirm males committed under the Vagrant Act ; in No. 3 were those
awaiting trial who were charged with felonies, and who had previously been
convicted of offences of that class ; in No. 4 were those charged with felonious-
offences who had not heretofore been convicted of crime ; in No. 5 were those
who had been convicted of minor offences ; in No. 6 were those convicted of
minor offences and undergoing short sentences ; in No. 7 were those committed
for drunkeness, etc., who had served previous sentences for such offences. And
in like manner a selection and distribution of the prisoners was observed through-
out the twelve distinct corridors of the gaol, and their complete separation thus
effected. Among those not enumerated I would mention specially the separation
of the older from the younger criminals, and bo^^s chai'ged with offences.
On the female side the same classification was observed, and the facilities
afforded are even superior to those existing in the male quarters. The improve-
ments effected by the additions and alterations during the past two years have
been of great advantage As noted in former minutes of inspection, three large,
airy, comfortable rooms have been added", one on each flat, tlie first of which is
allotted solely for the use of females who are committed as in.sane ; the second
as a sick room ; and the third (on the upper flat) for the custody of juvenile
offenders, or those who have been committed for the first offence. In the adjoin-
ing wards and coiridors proper classification is also made, and the isolation in
each case is perfect, no communication being had between the inmates of one
ward or room and those in the adjoining ones.
The basement cells, and laumlry a<ljoining, are now in excellent order.
The entire work connected with the additions to the gaol and the refitting
has been done very satisfVictorily, and is a credit to tlie architect and authorities,
having it in charge; and according to the present regulations for the safe-keeping
of the prison population the accommodation is ample.
GO
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
The available prison labour has of late been kept well employed on the work
•of improvement about the prison property. A proposition is now mooted, I
understand, to appropriate a large portion of what is known as the gaol farm for
a public park and embrace it in the general scheme of city parks and drives.
There can be no objection to this plan as the land is not suitable for tilling, and
the labour required in laying it out as a park will afford employment for the
prisoners for many years to come.
The gaol was thoroughly clean and tidy throughout, and there was good
evidence of care and attention on the part of the officials in carrying out the
routine and order of work.
Walkertox Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners comnitted during the year - 101 104 85
Greatest number confined at any one time 24 12 22
Number of re-committals ---- 3 11 2
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - §2,122.73 $2,062.10 $3,626.50
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government upon this
Sfaol is annexed : —
I inspected this gaol on the 3rd July. Only four male prisoners were in
custody ; one was awaiting trial for forgery, one was under sentence for embezzle-
ment and two were insane.
I was glad to learn that the county authorities have decided to introduce a
•system of hot water heating in the building, and that the work is to be under-
taken shortly.
The premises were found to be in a satisfactory state.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this gaol. A copy
of his report is annexed : —
According to instructions received from you, I made the second inspection of
the Walkerton gaol for the year 1890, on the 26th August. I was gratified to
find the exceeding small number of three prisoners in charge, two males and one
female. The men were undergoing sentence of 30 days each, one for larceny, and
the other (an Indian) for getting drunk. The woman is sentenced to the Mercer
Reformatory for six months for prostitution, and will be transferred to that
institution in the course of a few days. A very much-needed improvement is
beinof made in this o-aol, viz., heating the buildino; by means of two large furnaces,
put in by the Gurney Co. This work is not yet completed and the gaol is in a
state of disorder on that account, but of course this could not be avoided.
A kitchen should be constructed for the exclusive use of this gaol; at present
the cookini^ has to be done in the kitchen of the oraoler's house, and considerable
inconvenience is experienced in serving the meals to the prisoners. As pointed
out to me by the gaoler it would appear that an addition such as would answer
the purpose might be erected in the female airing yard without in any way
detracting from the purposes thereof, and the attention of the County Council
should be called to this desired improvement.
The books were carefully kept, and the gaol was in as good order as could lie
•expected considering the nature of the improvements in course of construction.
61
.889.
1890.
397
230
80
54
146
124
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Woodstock Gaol.
1888.
Prisoners committed during the year - 448
Greatest number confined at any one time 55
NiiYiiher of re-committals _ _ . 15s
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $3,849.99 $4,598.43 $3,936.68
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government upon this gaol'>
is annexed : —
I inspected this gaol on the 30th April, when there were forty -nine male and
two female prisoners iii custod}''. One of the males was held on a charge of
murder, two were under sentence to the Central Prison for larceny, and one to
the common gaol for a similar ofience ; one was held for want of sureties to keep'
the peace ; one for refusing to support his family ; one was charged with insanity ;
two were drunks, and forty were vagrants.
One of the females is an old resident of the gaol, an imbecile woman con-
victed of child murder and left for sentence years ago ; the other was committed
lor vagrancy.
The male who is charged with murder is a prisoner of such importance that
I felt justified in ordering the employment of a special guard for him alone. He
is a man with apparently plenty of means, and he has his meals brought to him
from an hotel near by. His wife who lives in an hotel in the town, for no other
purpose than to be near her husband, is allowed to visit him at intervals. It was
represented to me that the opportunities allowed her for her visits to her husband
were too infrequent, and the limit of time for each occasion was too short, namely
two visits a week, each of ten minutes duration. I instructed the sheriff to extend
this privilege to three times a week, and allow half an hour for each visit, always-
however in the presence of a third person.
The other forty-eight male prisoners have to be looked after by the gaoler
and a single turnkey. This stall' is utterly insufficient to manage this gaol as it
oucjht to be managed.
Mr. Christie in.structed Mr. Mann to make the second inspection of this-
gaol. A copy of his report is annexed : —
In accordance with your directions, I made an inspection of the Woodstock
gaol on the 12th September, 1890. There were fourteen men and one woman in,
custody who were held for the following offences, viz.: Males — in.sane, one;
debtors, one ; vagrancy, ten ; murder, one ; rape, one ; and the one female is held
as a vagrant.
There has bee.n no chanire made in the fi^eneral condition of this fraol for
years, but something should be done with a view of providing moi-e room and
better means of classification. A room is also I'cquiied for a hos|)ital in order
that sick prisoners may be separated fiom the otheis and besides may beafibrded
more comfortable quarters during their illness.
Dry earth closets are in use in this gaol and are found to work in an un-
satisfactory maimer. It appeared to me that if the town system of waterwoiks
was connected with the gaol that very nniterial advantage would be effected.
]'*ro|)erly constmcted clo.sets could then be put in and means aHbi(le(l for Ikishing
and thereby kept so that little or no unpleasantness or harm could arise there-
from, provided of course that the work of construction was done in an efficient,
manner.
62
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Tlio brick floors in the lower hall and upper corridors should be replaced
with hardwood tloors. The bricks arc very much worn away from long use, and
besides it is very difficult to keep them clean. They also remain very damp for
some time after being scrubbed.
The books were in good shape and properly entered up, and the building
was in "ood order.
1888.
1889.
1890.
172
182
222
45
46
49
67
53
65
Welland Gaol.
Prisoners committed during the year
Greatest number confined, at any one time
Number of re-conrmittals . . .
Total cost of maintaining gaol - - S3,616.00 $3,334.00 S3,895.15
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. C'Reilly upon this
gaol is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Welland gaol on the 24th June. On that day
it contained eight prisoners, all males, who were under sentence as follows : Two
for larceny, tw^o for trespass, one for assault and three for vagrancy.
This gaol is very much overcrowded at times there having been as many as
63 prisoners in charge at one time while there are only forty cells for their
accommodation. The new houses erected for the gaoler and turnkey are now
completed.
Whitby Gaol.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Prisoners committed during the year - 96 87 67
Greatest numbed' confined at any one time 18 13 14
Number of re-committals - - - 28 23 29
. Total cost of maintaining gaol - - $2,406.20 $2,222.33 $2,358.38
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
gaol is annexed : —
I made an inspection of this gaol on the 8th April, when there were eight
prisoners in custody — seven males and one female. Of the former one was under
sentence for criminal assault, three for larceny and housebreaking, and the re-
mainder for minor offences. The female prisoner had been committed as insane.
One of the prisoners committed as a vagrant was very old and feeble, his
condition being such as to make it a matter of regret that no more suitable place
could be had for his care and shelter than the county gaol. Although the cell
in which he was confined was of sufficient area the absence of proper ventilation
was very noticeable and the smell so offensive as to be almost unendurable. It
is to be regretted that when repairs w^ere made during the past two years some
attention was not given to the ventilation of the cells and corridors. While the
bad smell to some extent could have been mitigated yet such a condition cannot
be altogether prevented while there is no structural provision for the ventilation
of the premises.
In other respects I found the gaol in order and evidences of the care exer-
cised by the gaoler and his turnkey. The books also were properly kept.
63
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Mattawa Lock-up.
Mr. Totten inspected the Mattawa lock-up at the request of Mr. Christie on
the 12th August. He reported as follows : —
I beg to report that on the 12th of August last, I inspected the lock-up at
Mattawa and found everything in good order.
This locality would seem to be a very orderly place judging from the small
number of committals to this lock-up during the year.
At the time of my visit there were no prisoners contined in the lock-up.
Each cell was examined, and the beds and bedding found to be clean and in
good order.
The structure being of wood there is outward evidence of the nece.ssity for
a coat of paint to preserve it.
The keeper complains of the coldness of the building during the winter
months, necessitating an excessive consumption of fuel when prisoners are con-
fined therein.
This could be much improved by repairing the stone basement with lime, as
there are many cracks visible which no doubt admit much cold to the basement.
A very small sum expended in paint and repairs would add much to the
preserv^ation and comfort of the building.
The lock-up is surrounded by a high board fence, which is in a fair state of
preservation.
Sudbury Lock-up.
Ml'. Yeigh inspected the Sudbury lock-up at the request of Mr. Christie on
July 30th. He reported as follows : —
Pursuant to the instructions of Inspector Christie, I inspected the Sudbury
lock-up on July 30. There were no inmates in the cells, nor had there been for
some time. I found the bed clothing and the wearing apparel to be clean and whole,
and the cells and corridors were also clean and well kept. The books were kept
in accordance with the regulations governing the subject. I found the new well
had caved in to some extent, and would recommend that either it be repaired or
some other provision be made for an adequate water supply, as, apart from the other
conveniences, there is a present danger from tire owing to the absence of a proper
water supply.
North Bay Lock-up.
Mr. Yeigh inspected the lock-up at North Bay at the request of Mr. Christie
on July 29th. He reported as follows : —
I inspected the North Bay lock-up on July 29th, and found but one inmate,
an old m:in. While mo.st of the cells were vacant on this date yet the lock-up
keeper laid great stress on the fact that fretjuently the accommodation (of seven
cells) was insufficient, and that additional cell room should be provided. A high
outside fence is needed in order to prevent the possibility of outside communica-
tion with prisoners. I luund the gaol apartments and clothing to be in a cleanly
and well kept state, while the necessary books were neatly and accurately kept.
64
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
CENTRAL PRISON,
Owing to the late date of ray appointment as Inspector, I am unable to speak
from personal knowledge of the workings of this institution during the year
ending September 30th.
The usual statistical tables showing the movements of the prison population,
and the results of the industrial operations during the year, together with the
report of my colleague. Mr. Christie, the report of the Warden, Mr. Massie, and
other officers of the prison, very fully explain the detail working and manaoe-
nient of this institution.
The usual statistical tables of the movements of the prison population, and
of the results of the industrial operations during the year are given : —
The first table shews the discharges, committals, etc., during the past three
years : —
1888. 1889. 1890.
In custody at commencement of year (1st October). 316 346 352
Committed during the year 699 739 714
Recaptured 1 3 1
Total number in custody during year 1,016 1,088 1,067
Discharged on expiration of sentence 644 705 (JSS
" " payment of fine 6 7 16
" by remission of sentence 4 9 14
Retransf erred to common gaol as unfit for labour. . 7 3
Died in the Prison Hospital 1 1 1
Transferred to a lunatic asylum 2 2 3
Escaped 2 7
Convictions quashed 4 2 3
Died by suicide , . 1
Total discharges, deaths, etc 670 736 726
Remaining in custody at close of year (30th Sept.).. 346 352 341
In the foregoing summary it is shown that no prisoners were returned to the
common gaols on account of their unfitness for prison labour, while in the
previous year there were three of this class. This is an improvoment in this
respect, and it is a matter of congratulation that there was not a single escape.
The number of deaths was two, together with the one that occurred in 1888
makes a total of deaths since 1884 of four, which result speaks highly of the
healthiness of the Central Prison.
The summary which follows shows the number of prisoners sentenced direct
to the prison, and the number transferred from the common gaols duriuo- 1888
1889, and 1890.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Sentenced direct 480 510 522
Transferred from gaols 219 229 193
699 739 ~715
5 (G.) 65
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
The next table shows the periods of sentence passed upon
SENTENCE.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
One month and under
15
10
73
110
66
186
1
4
20
6
2
94
1
6
2
90
127
7(i
12
179
1
1
1
88'
2
1
7
35
100
65
ii'
214
6
7
22
4
1
94
5
2
1
30
1
2
1
5
8
8
11
16
40
43
59
11
224
2
6
20
4'
93
1
1
1
1
17
23
45
46
47
11
186
6
3
27
3
"■■■ 87'
171
Over 1 month and up to 2
101
Over 2 months and up to 3
Over 3 months and up to 4
GO
54
50
b
97
13
38
56
18
205
2
8
7
4
45'
38
38
53
5 '«
6 "
174
7 "
5
S "
6
4
1
1
38
5
9 "
20
10 "
1
11 "
0
12 "
72
13 "
14 "
4
1
15 "
2
1
7
4
16 "
17 "
18 "
19 "
10
1
2
12
17
27
17
2
2
7
3
23
1
2
1
10
9
23
20 "
1
21 "
1
1
8
8
2
20
18
3
22 "
1
4
10
3'
14
2
23 "
12
24 "
7
30 "
36 "
46 "
1
3
1
5
1
4
1
♦3 "
.1
1
2
1
1
3
♦3i " .
♦4' "
1
1
2
3
•5 "
1
655
4
636
1
5G7
7 3-30
Months.
560
7 14-30
Mouths.
1
637
Totals
370
426
745
Average period of sentence each/
year I
6 12-30
Months.
7 3-30
Months.
6 20-30
Months.
5 22-30
Montlis.
7 10-30
Months.
5 12-30
Months.
Boys transferred from Reform
66
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
the prisoners received into the prison since its opening: —
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
SENTENCE.
125
140
81
51
22
191
1
46
29
One month and under.
127
105
88
76
42
148
64
45
88 ]Over 1 n-onth and up to 2.
91
95
118
128
75
128
189
160
118 ,Over2n'onthscindupto3.
Over 3 months and up to 4.
4 months.
60
43
61
66
52
45
62
79
64
10
9
14
31
20
13
12
21
8
5 "
199
151
203
213
213
180
190
217
220
6 "
4
5
0
3
7
1
5
3
7 "
6
5
4
3
12
6
3
11
8 •'
15
9
18
21
20
15
23
24
13
9 "
4
1
5
1
4
1
2
o
10 "
2
67
1
62
11
61
67'
1
78
11
69
75
101
69
12 "
1
2
1
1
3
13 '•
2
2
1
4
6
3
14 "
3
3
2
7
1
2
5
1
15 "
1
2
1
2
5
2
17
29'
26'
16 "
1
23"
3
16
17 "
11
13
13
24
18
1
3
2
19
2
0
2
4
3
6
20 "
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
21
2
7
3
22 "
20
5
13
19
11
17
21
20
20
23 "
11
10
8
8
10
20
1
1
15
8
24
24 "
30
36 "
... .^.
46 "
1
■^2^! years.
•3 "
2
1
*3i "
*4 "
1
■'4h "
'o" "
723
761
594
862
699
6 26-30
739
6 20-30
715
7 6-30
767
669
Totals.
5 12-30
4 28-30
6 18-30
6 20-30
7 8-30
5 12 30
\ Average period of sen-
J tence each year.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
Months.
atory owing to incorrigibility.
67
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 7). A. 1891
The tables appended contain statistics relating to the total number of
prisoners committed to the prison, as well as to those sentenced during the
year.
Nationalities. Committed Totaj
duiine: commit-
the year. meats.
Canandian , 413 5,387
Irish 75 1,759
English 91 1,867
United States 72 1,223
Scotch 28 546
Other countries and unknown 36 351
Religious Denominations.
Church of England . . . .
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian
Methodist
Other denominations, etc
Civil Condition.
Social Habit.
Educational Status.
715 11.133
229
4,008
247
3,889
102
1,241
97
1,391
40
604
715 11,133
Married 244 3,421
Single 471 7,712
715 11,133
Temperate 143 2,287
Intemperate 572 8,846
715 11,133
Could read and write 582 8,445
Could read only 30 1,003
Could neither read nor write 103 1,685
715 11,133
The prisoners received during the year who were reported to be of temjjerate
habits ropn;sentod 25 per cent, of the commitments ; in 1889, tlie i)ercentage
wa.s 13.53, and in 1888, 16.02.
The totally uneducated men represent 14.40 per cent, of the commitments of
the year, as compared with 25.84 per cent, in 1889.
68
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A, 1891
Maintenance Expenditure.
For the year ending 30th September, 1890, compared with previous year.
SERVICE
! be ^
Medicine and medical comforts
Butchers' meat, fish, etc
Flour, bread, etc
Butter, etc
Groceries
Fruit and vegetables
Bedding, clothing and shoes
Fuel ,
Gas, oil, etc ,
Laundry, soap and cleaning
Furniture and furnishings
Farm, garden, feed and fodder
Repairs and alterations
Printing, postage, stationery, etc
Water supply
Library, schools andreligiousinstruction
Miscellaneous
Salaries and wages
$ cts.
532 47
7,438 75
5,904 CO
433 96
2,783 97
1,955 47
5,800 27
6,937 63
1,225 12
1,917 25
911 37
2,299 04
1,781 71
850 50
780 50
2,698 84
21,620 38
cts.
2.75
38.255
30.40
2.234
14.34
10.07
29.35
35.725
6.31
9.87
4.693
11.84
9.175
4.38
4.02
13.90
111.335
TotalB 65,871 83 338.66 177 07 68,811 61 I 357.70 185 97
>^S
'C g
i cts.
1 43
19 99
15 97
1 17
7 48
5 25
15 64
18 57
3 28
5 15
2 44
6 15
4 77
2 27
2 09
7 25
58 12
$ cts.
576 12
7,537 38
4,919 92
378 97
3,463 48
1,515 63
5,877 71
5,952 11
1,081 90
2,039 55
666 80
1,613 63
2,198 90
835 01
6,132 23
525 00
2,725 70
20,711 57
cts.
2.90
39.55
25.60
1.97
14.49 I
7.89 I
I
30.59
30.96
5.63
14.00
3.47
8.40
11.438
4.34
31.906
2.73
14.182
107.66
$ cts.
1 50
20 56
13 32
1 03
7 53
4 10
15 90
16 10
2 93
7 28
1 80
4 36
5 95
2 25
16 59
1 42
7 37
55 98
Average number of prisoners in 1889, 372 ; average number of prisoners in
1890, 368.
69
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Manufacturing Operations.
A statement of the amount expended in carrying on the manufacturing
operations of the prison is annexed : —
1889. 1890.
Carpenter and cabinet shop .? 348 22 S 4-44 90
Tailoring shop 5,113 51 7,301 29
Shoe shop 2,836 82 3,448 53
Blacksmith's shop 2:^6 G9 304 47
Broom shop 434 59 1,432 81
Wooden ware department 121 73
Brickyard 13,713 50 9,979 14
Stationery, advertising and printing.. 7 75
Miscellaneous 585 60 665 17
Salaries and wages 7,110 93 12,107 16
North shop 2,098 06
South " 12,138 58
Machine " 4,036 08
Paint " 248 99
Repairs" , 110 91
Manufacturing expenditure .$30,509 34 $54,306 09
Maintenance expenditure 65,871 83 68,811 61
Total expenses $96,381 17 $123,117 70
The revenue of the various industries is shewn in the following summary : —
1889. 1890.
Broom shop, hire of prisoners Sl0,:uS3 70 $ 7,567 67
Wooden ware shop hire of prisoners. . . . 3,967 22 16,520 00
South " " 4,906 34
Brickyards sales 227 00 1,372 60
Tailoring shop, sales 5,501 92 7,484 38
Shoe " " 2,412 85 3,499 85
Carpenter " " 212 64 122 65
Blacksmith's shop, sales 128 50 253 55
Machine " " 60 46
Miscellaneous 996 90 459 90
$2:^.,830 73 S42,247 40
The table annexed shews how the prisoners were employed, and the number
of day's work which was performed by them at the different industries : —
1889. 1800.
In the broom shop 24,490 17,991 days.
" woodenware shop 21,057 19,674 "
Total work in bioom and woodenware shop. 45,547 37,665 "
70
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
1889. 1890.
In the brickyard 25,086 24,190 days.
" tailoring shop 4,122 5,158 "
" shoe shop 1,997 1,896 '^| .
" carpenter's shop 3,103 7,106 " ^
" tinsmith and engineer's shop 829 4<,318
" blacksmith's shop 1,108
south shop 4,479 "
In permanent improvements and work on
the gardens and grounds of Prison and
Reformatory 8,158 4,941 "
Number of days of fproductive labour. . . . 89,950 89,753 "
domestic work 14,626 14,718 "
Total number of days worked. ... 104,576 104,471 "
The proportion which the number of days of productive labour bears to the
total stay of the prisoners during the two years will be seen in the following
summary : —
1890.
Total stay of prisoners 134,526 days.
Number of days productive labour 89,753 "
Proportion 66.54 per cent.
1889.
Total stay of prisoners 135,933 days.
Number of days productive labour 89,950 "
Proportion 66.17 per cent.
71
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Transfer of Prisoners.
A statement shewing the cost of removing prisoners from the County Gaols
to the Central Prison is appended :
When Transkbbked.
October, 1889....
November, 1889 .
December, 1889.
January, 1890 . . .
February. 1890 . .
March, 1890
April, 1890
May, 1890
June, 1890
July, 1890
August, 1890
September, 1890.
Totals ....
Number
Transferred.
Average expense incurred per
prisoner
85
64
76
34
50
58
44
61
63
56
66
43
700
Preceding year
729
Prisoners'
fare to the
Prison.
$ c.
155 75
211 20
200 60
190 50
134 35
96 45
137 90
137 40
115 80
134 35
150 50
92 40
1756 70
2 50
2 48
Traxelling
expenses and
salary
of Bailiff.
$ c.
179 25
215 35
217 95
215 85
170 40
168 50
188 10
183 40
179 50
199 00
160 20
146 90
2224 40
3 17
3 23
Cab hire and
food for
prisoners!.
$ c.
35 50
51 75
47 60
25 00
35 50
27 75
35 75
41 70
33 00
34 75
34 .50
24 50
427 30
61
63
Total.
$ c.
370 50
478 30
466 15
431 35
340 2S
292 70-
,361 75
362 50
327 80'
368 10
345 20
263 80
4408 40
6 29
6 32
72
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1^91
Discharged Prisoners.
Summary showinif the amouut paid for return fares for discharged prisoners,
the numbers and destination thereof, during the year ending September 30th,
1890.
WHERE SENT.
Number
of prisoners.
Amount paid.
Alliston
1
1
1
19
4
15
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
21
9
7
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
4
1
2
66
1
1
1
3
20
27
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
30
1
9
2
8
6
2
1
1
1
24
11
t c.
2 05
Aurora . .
A-lton
1 00
1 35
37 05
Belleville
11 40
Brockville
79 16-
Buffalo
6 55
Berlin
4 00
Bowmanville
1 35
6 00
Beaverton
2 40
Blackstock
2 00
Bracebridge
4 00
Chatham
110 26
Cornwall
54 25
Cobourg . . . . .
15 85
Collingwood
2 85
Chelsea
6 90
Cliftun
7 80
Coehill
6 70
13 60
Credit Forks
1 10
Dundas
Detroit
1 35
15 75
25 OO
Fort Erie
6 70
Guelph
6 OO
Gait
1 75
Goderich
8 50
Hamilton
79 20
2 85
Holland Landing
1 40
2 50
Ingersoll . . . j
S 95
Kingston . .
82 85
88 40
Lindsay
2 25
Little Current
7 60
Merrickville
5 75
Montreal
14 30
Milton .
2 00
Napanee . .
3 50
North Bay v
20 80
Orillia
2 65
Ottawa
199 50
Onondaga
2 70
Owen Sound ,
32 85
Port Arthur ... . .
25 50
Peterboro'
19 30
Pembroke
38 80
10 65
Petrolia
5 15
Paris
2 00
Rat Portage
22 50
Sarnia
102 00
St. Catharines
23 50
Carried forward
73
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Discharged Prisoners. — Continued.
WHERE SENT.
Number
of prisoners.
Brought forward.
Sandwich
St. Thomas
Smith's Falls. . . .
Sault Ste. Marie.
Strathroy
Simcoe
Saginaw
Suspension Bridge.
Sudbury
Sharbot Lake
St. Louis
Trenton
Tara
Tilsonburg
L'xbridge
Windsor
Wal kerton
Welland
Whitby
Woodstock
Total
2
13
1
9
2
2
1
4
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
28
3
15
437
Amount paid.
$ c.
10 50
47 45
5 45
106 00
8 50
7 65
8 35
10 40
29 15
5 45
22 50
10 00
4 65
3 00
1 25
147 00
10 95
39 10
2 00
15 GO
1747 05
Inspections.
Appended will be found copies of the minutes made b}' Mr. Christie of his
inspection of the Central Prison.
I commenced an inspection of the Central Prison on the 3rd, which was con-
tinuetl on the 4th and 7tli July. On the second day of my visit there were 339
prisoners in custody, employed and distributed as follows : —
Broom shop 44
North " • 58
South " 21
Machine" 20
Brick yard 90
Garden and grounds 12
Tailor shop 16
Shoe " 6
Permanent improvements 8
At Female Reformatory 5
Kitchen 13
Domi'stic work of various kinds 32
Unfit for work 5
Convalescents 2
Under j)unishment 7
3:^9
74
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (IN o. 7). A. 1891
I found the prison population in excellent health, and it is worthy of note
that the institution hospital was unoccupied, which is a very gratifying condition,
in view of the greater- liability of prisoners, as a class, to ailments as the result in
many cases of dissolute living and habits. Discipline and order have also been
well maintained, which satisfactory state is to some extent attributable to a
system of paying the quiet, orderly and industrious chiss of prisoners a certain
percentage of the product of their labour for any overwork. This plan has been
in operation in the broom shop and brickyard for some time past, and it is being
applied to the other industries as far as possible, and reduced to an equitable
system, giving every man a -small but appreciable share in what he accomplishes
over and above the task allotted for each day, and this is paid over to him upon
his discharge. This, while proving an incentive to effort, has also a restraining
influence, as in event of any gross misconduct on the part of a prisoner he forfeits
his claim to any sum , due him. The efiiciency of the staff is also a principal
factor in the maintenance of discipline and order in such an institution, and the
result of my enquiries during this visit would indicate that the statf generally
are doing their duty with care and attention, and are paying a proper regard to
the rules and regulations laid down for their guidance.
A better opportunity is now afforded by the increased number and diversified
character of the industries for placing the prisoners at employment for which
they are more particularly suited.
The addition to the south shop was completed about the beginning of the
year, and has been occupied since. The 126 feet thus added to the 200 feet of
the old structure, making the building 326 feet over all, with three flats extend-
ing'its entire length, affords excellent accommodation for a number of industries.
The first division contains the heating boilers and the necessary appliances for
the two wings ; adjoining this to the west are the woolen mill and tailor and shoe
shops, together with a large room for the storage of manufactured goods. The
next division comprises the boiler and engine rooms, and two drying rooms — one
for brooms and the other for woolen work ; and the western end contains the
machine and blacksmiths' shops and broom storeroom. The basement of the west
end of the building is used for drilling or sheltering the outside gangs of prisoners
during stormy or unfavourable weather.
I found the several industries in fairly good working condition. Owing,
however, to the dullness of trade the output from both the north and broom shops
has not been equal to the average of former periods. The work required has
been well done, and is giving entire satisfaction. The brickyard work has been
much interrupted in consequence of the severe storms of rain and wind we have
had this season, which prevented the brick from drying on the ground preparatory
to being put in the kiln ; and, although every precaution has been taken, yet a
very considerable quantity of brick in its raw state has been destroyed, and a still
greater portion of material damaged, especially in appearance. As the season
advances, however, it is to be hoped that the weather will be more favourable,
and the output largely increased.
Notwithstanding the considerable loss of labour in the brickyard, the
employment of the prisoners has been continuous, and while the industries may
not make so good an exhibit for the past part of the current year, the structural
improvements which have been added to the prison premises by prison labour
represent a large amount in value. Taking the latter work into account there
will not be any appreciable falling off in the total value of the product of prison
labour as compared with former years. It is most desirable that some minor
structural improvements should be continued in order to make the requirements
75
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
of the new additions complete. The principal of these is the necessity for
increased storacje room for coal, and the suggestion of the Warden as to excavating
on the south side of the south shop a sufficient area for the purpose is approved,
and the work will be proceeded with at once, so as to have it ready for receiving
this season's siipyily if possible.
Extensive alterations are also required in the drainage S3'stem, all of which
were arranged for on the occasion of this visit, and although involving a con-
siderable expenditure of prison labour, they will not trench to any extent upon
the capital appropriations for the purpose of making the system complete.
The removal of the house for the use of the brickmaker from the outside to
the inside of the brickyard is nearly completed, and it is now much better placed
for its purpose.
The new bleaching room for brooms, with offices above, attached to the
broom shop is also in a forward state, and will be ready for use in the course of
a day or two. The relaying of the railway switches inside the inclosure has been
neatly done, and will, no doubt, be much more serviceable than formerly.
R CHRISTIE.
Inspector.
REPORT OF THE WARDEN,
Central Prison of Ontario,
Toronto, 31st December, 1890.
T. F. Chamberlain, Esq., M.D.,
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities.
Sir, — In advance of this I had the honour to transmit to you the Seventeenth
Annual Statistical Report of the Central Prison, for the year ending the 30th
September, and now beg to submit my remarks on the operations of the institu-
tion in fuller explanation of the .statistics given.
The number of prisoners in custody at the commencement of the year, and
received up to its close, have been rather under the preceding one, being 1,007 as
against 1,088, closing with twenty-one less.
Two deaths have occurred, one by suicide, the other from natural causes,
from which he was suffering on admission, and he was but two months in
custody at the time his death took place. During the prevalence of the influenza
epidemic, many were ill with it, but in consequence of precautions taken in
advance by advice of the surgeon, the sickness among them was of short
duration generally.
It is the first year since 1877 in which no escape has taken place ; two or
three futile efforts have been made to hide away with the view of attempting
escape, but they have always been discovered in time to prevent their being
successfully carried out In the seventeen years since the prison was opened, a
total of fifty-one pri.soners have made good their escape, of whom twenty-three
have been recaptured. Taking into account that nearly one-fourth are employed
outside the prison walls, the average of escape has not been excessive. The
fence erected on three sides of the Vjrick yard, in which an average of about
eighty prisoners have been em])loyed daily, has been of great service in prevent-
ing aftempts to escape, wliile it has afforded more seclusion in working the
prisoners at that industry.
76
o4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Fourteen prisoners were released by remission of sentence, a larger number
than for some years previous, but in each case executive clemency in this respect
has been wisely exercised. Some of these have been through the intervention of
the Attorney-General, where the circumstances of the families interested were
exceptionally distressing, and the previous good character of the prisoner justified
him in doing so, and it should be said, that the most ready accord in this respect
has been given in all such cases when the facts have been submitted to him.
Of the 715 prisoners received, 522 were under direct sentence, the highest
number in any year since the commencement. It may be assumed as an
evidence that the principle upon which the prison is conducted meets the
approbation of the judiciary, seeing that of those convicted and eligible for its
operations, so large a proportion of them have been sentenced direct, instead of
to the county gaols, as in some previous years, when the purpose of its manage-
ment was not so well undei stood.
As to the nationalities of the 715 prisoners, England is represented by 91,
Ireland by 75, Scotland by 28, the United States by 72, and other countries by
36, leaving 413 Canadians. It might be interesting to follow the latter farther,
and give the nationality of the parents of these, and whether they were educated
or illiterate, but so far the record taken of the prisoner for registration does not
include these facts.
In regard to their social relation, one-third were married men, a larger pro-
portion than the preceding year ; while in their ages, ranging from sixteen to
sixty -eight there is but little difference to note from former years, except an
increase from 106 to 143 under the age of twenty. This is the worst and most
impressive matter in this connection, since it shews that the number of neglected
and improperly trained youths is on the increase, and criminals are being pro-
duced thereby. Parents often manifest great anxiety and distress about their
sons when they come to visit them in prison, and are separated by a grated iron
door, but when we are told, as we often are, by the lads themselves, that they
received no training from their parents, were not sent to school, nor taught any-
thing good at home, but allowed to run the streets and in some cases forced out
there, their assumed anxiety over them when in prison is but mockery, and
comes too late. It is no uncommon thing to hear young lads and men curse
their parents for their neglect, and blame them for' being here.
One-seventh had received no education, and of the remainder, while they
could read and write, or read only, many of these may be said to have next to
no education. A remedy as far as practicable has been provided for this by the
Prisoner's Aid Association, in the direction recommended in my report last year,
and the evening classes are now held four nights in the week.
In regard to their habits, four-fifths were intemperate, and but one-fifth
called themselves moderate drinkers, few abstainers.
The average term of sentence was seven months and six days ; nearly four-
fifths were for six months and under. Two hundred and thirty-five were
received upon sentence of two months and under, and the number about corres-
ponds with those charged under the heading of assault, drunk and vagrancy,
all it may be assumed the outcome of intemperance, and vicious habits of indo-
lence. Many of these were recidivists, pests to society, dangerous to their own
families, constantly menacing and often brutally, abusing the police when at
liberty, and when here under the short sentences usually inflicted upon them
even for serious offences, are obstructive, defiant and hard to discipline. One
coming constantly in contact with this class, cannot help often meditating how
long the prevailing practice of sending confirmed drunkards and blackguards to
prison under short sentence is to continue, and of asking why common sense
77
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 189>1
cannot be exercised in the direction of being merciful and considerate, in the
first place to save the former from suicide, for that is what his habits end in, and
in the latter toward the people who are subjected to all that their conduct
entails upon them. If the law atfecting the otiences this class are guilty of, do
not give authority for doing what is desired in this respect, can they not be
amended so as to send them to prison under lonoer or indeterminate sentence,
and mve us an opportunity to teach them some useful employment ; make them
do hard work in the sense that they shall do a fair day's work, then pay to their
families if married, or other relatives dependent upon them, the surplus over
what it costs to maintain and oversee them here ; the thing is both practicable
and workable, only let us have measures framed in accordance with modern
ideas. Our desire is to keep abreast of the time, to do our part in the direction
of making better men out of those who are consigned to our care, to set before
them the hiorher side and purposes of life, and associate with detention in the
prison, on the one hand, to make prison life distasteful to them, and on the other
to bring them under the necessary discipline and training to help them to enter
upon and lead proper lives. Both are ditiicult, and with some impossible, but in
such cases, why should they have liberty any more than the madly insane ?
We who have the oversight of them have no ditficulty in deciding whether they
should be at liberty or not ; only let the law affecting crime and drunkenness
be reconstructed in accordance with the modern science of penology, and give
those of us who are willing, an opportunity to test its capabilities.
Of the number who have passed through the prison during the j'ear and
been reformed, or have not lapsed again into the commission of crime, I will
make no estimate. Many are received on a first conviction, serve their sentence
and return whence they came, or depart and we hear nothing more of them,
but it would be vain to say because they do not come under the bane of the law
to our knowledge, that they are reformed in the sense thd,t expression is in this
connection generally understood to imply. All we as yet can presume to claim
is that we strive to make them better men, and if we fail, it is because the
subject from choice is not amenable to any influence that is at variance with his
own vicious trend of purpose, or he is too short a time with us for any good
being done with him.
There were received for the first time in this prison 500, for the second 128,
for the third 40, for the fourth 22, for the fifth 7, for the sixth, seventh, eighth
and ninth 'S each, for the tenth 4, and for the eleventh and twelfth 1 each.
Manv of the 500 were of the migratory class of criminals and vagrants, who find
it necessary in order to have an opportunit}^ to pursue their, calling, even if it
may result in longer detention than congenial to them, to shift their field of
operations, and so they cross over from the other side ; they nearly all return to
their own country when they leave the prison, its strict discipline and steady
employment being out of harmony with their tastes.
The several industries have been actively carried on, and are all in good
working order; a review of them may be of interest.
At Vjrickmaking an average of about eighty prisoners have been employed
throuf'hout the year, or correctly speaking 24,190 <lays, and the season's make
has reached a round four million, representing in value $l!4,000. We shall be
able to gather up enough of clay for another season's make from our own ground,
after which we shall have to luring it from tiie Asy'um lands alongside of King
Stre(it, where there is enough to keep us going for at least ten years.
In the north shop employment has been provitle<l for al)out 05 prisoners at
wood working, the earnings for their labour amounting to i$l 2,527. 13. This in-
dustrv bein" worked now on the piece price syst«!m, the prospects tor its success-
78
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
ful operation under its new management are encouraging. The diversity of the
woric in the manufacture of the goods, make it very suitable for the labour of the
prisoners, embracing as it does the working of a variety of machines, carpentry,
turning, bending, painting, blacksmithing and machinists, providing employment
which is instructive and helpful to the prisoners.
The broom making has fallen far short of the last five years, the average-
number of prisoners employed being but about sixty, or 17,991 days as against
24,490 last year, and the value of their labour being but .$7,567.67 against
S10,.S83.70 last year. The falling off is accounted for partly in that the stock
of manufactured brooms at the close of the year was about 5,000 dozen less than
in 1889. No inconvenience has been felt in finding work for all the prisoners,
however, the new industries relieving us in that respect.
At the woolen industry since the commencement of its working in January,
about twenty-five prisoners have been employed daily, carding, spinning, color-
ing, weaving, etc. with highly satisfactory results. The expectations entertain-
ed as to its suitability for prison labour has been fully realized. The returns from
the labour employed for eight months being .32,974.03, and the value of the goods
manufactured .Sl4,739.26. I anticipate continued good results from this branch
of the industries, both in its financial returns, and in its effects upon the prisoners.
The mill is well equipped, the machinery all new and of the best, and the
prisoners like the work.
The new machine shop has furnished work for an average of about 20 pris-
oners, in the manufacture of steel beds for the Lunatic Asylums and other work.
The product of their labour in manufactured goods, with the cost of the material
used, amounts to 89,058.05 for the six months since it was started. This industry
comprises machinists' work, blacksmiths, tinsmiths and steel wire mattress mak-
ing. It has fully realized what was expected from it, and may be reckoned on
as a permanent, and in every respect successful branch of the prison work.
A part of the floor above the woolen mill in the south shop was fitted up as a
work room for the tailors and shoemakers, and for about six months they have oc-
cupied it. The benefits derived by this movement are many, namely, a fine well
heated and ventilated work room, the prisoners all immediately under the supervis-
ion of the foremen, more and better work is done, with other advantages, while
correct discipline is now enforced, and they are more under my own supervision.
From 18 to 22 prisoners are employed at tailoring, and from 6 to 10 shoemaking.
I am unable to give a correct estimate of the work done in either department, since
in addition to making the clothing and shoes for the gaols, boots and shoes for
part of the lunatic asylums and reformatories, the whole of the uniform clothing;
for the prison and female reformatory staff, all the clothing and boots required
for the prison is made and repaired. The receipts from the two industries for
the year amounts to §10,984.23 irrespective of the work done of which no account
is taken. These two branches of the prison work have been extended since they
were moved into the new work room, and several young lads who wished to learn
the trades are making rapid progress under the very capable foreman in charge.
I have a great deal of pleasure when making my rounds of supervision, in noting
the excellent working of all the industries in the reconstructed south shop and
extension, each branch being under good instructors, who take the utmost inter-
est in the success cf their departments. This has also to be said of the other
parts of the prison industrial work, especially of the officers in the north and
broom shops, each desirous of and striving to prosecute their special division
with diligence, and at the same time to keep up the discipline to the standard
required.
79
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Permanent imi)roveineuts in the erection of buildings, alterations and repairs,
painting and steam fitting has engaged an average of about twenty-four prisoners
daily, and have added to the value of the prison premises in new buildings and
enlargements about 813,200.00.
An average of about four prisoners have been employed daily at the Female
lleformatory, gardening, keeping the grounds in order and general work.
The garden, grounds and conservatories have employed an average of twelve
prisoners daily, but in the busy season in spring, and in the fall while securing
the root crop, and preparing the garden for next season, the number employed
was more than double the average represents, while there are but a few during
the winter months. From the field and garden a large crop of roots, sutficient
for the statt' and prisoners' dietar}^ was grown, and also for the horses and milch
cows, and all stored in good order. The grounds in summer were very attractive
and much admired by the many visitors who came to see them, at the same time
they had an influence for good upon the prisoners. From the conservatories the
plants for bedding not only in our own grounds, but also for the Normal School
were supjjlied.
The domestic work of the prison employs an average of nearly fifty prisoners
daily, distributed in the kitchen as cooks, bakers and general work there ; in
the cell houses as cleaners and orderlies, and tending the stock.
The number on the sick list, averaging about ten daily, appears high for the
prison population. During the influenza epidemic there were many sick for
short periods which raised it for the three months it lasted, but apart from that,
the intempeiate and unclean habits of numbers, often leave little but wrecks of
them, and when received they are unfit for any sort of work for a time, till
physically built up. These swell our sick list. In not a few cases they don't do a
day's work during their detention in prison ; they receive medical treatment,
recuperate their health at the expense of the Province ; their short term of sen-
tence expires and they go out to resume their vicious habits — useless and expen-
sive to keep while in prison, mischevious when at liberty. They fill our police
court calendar, crowd the gaols or wherever charity is to be dispensed without
an ejuivalent in work being required, but honest labour they will not do. The
deserving poor merit the charity and sympathy their helplessness evokes, but the
class I have reference to ought to be held in durance under indeterminate sen-
tence, rigid discipline and hard labour. As far as possible under existing circum-
stances this prison is worked upon this principle, but we cannot keep them after
their sentence expires, even though we know tliey ought not to be at liberty.
The Prisoners' Aid Association continues in its good work, ministering to
the prisoners while here in religious and educational affairs, and when released,
assisting all who desire it and are deserving. Mr. Taylor, the Superintendent,
both kind and ready to do ail that is possilile for those who give promise of do-
ing well, and ask his assistance, has nevertheless to be a keen discerner of char-
acter to discriminate between the deserving and the impostor, yet while we work
in harmony and consult together as to what is best to do in certain cases, we
often get badly taken in ; but withal, and irrespective of some vexatious dis-
appointments much good is done through the Association, and much valuable
help has been att'orded to many men on their release from prison, enabling them
to make a new start in life, by means of which they have not relapsed int(j their
former habits.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES MASSIE.
Warden.
80
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
ANNUAL RETURN OF THE CENTRAL PRISON FOR THE YEAR
ENDING SEPTEMBER 30th, 1S90.
Remaining in custody September 30tb, IS8!) 352
Coinraitted during the year 714
Recaptured 1
10G7
Discharged on expiration of sentence 688
" " pa3'raent of fine. ... 16
" hy remissicn of sentence 14
" " conviction quashed 3
Transferred to lunatic asylum 3
Died in prison hospital 1
Died b}^ suicide 1
726
Remaining in custody September 30th, 1890 3-il
1067
Sentenced Direct to Centeal Prison or to Common Gaols.
Nature of Sentence.
To Central Prison 522
To Common Gaol 193
Total 715
Social Condition.
Married 244
Siniile 471
Total 715
Education.
Read and write 582
Read only 30
No education 103
Total 715
Ages.
Under 18 61
From 18 to 20 83
" 20 to :40 252
30 to 40 135
" 40 to 50 86
'• 50 to 60 64
" GO to 70 34
Total 715
•6 (G.) 81
64 Victoria Sessional Pajjers (No. 7). A. 1891
National it ieti.
EuglanJ 91
Irelaud 75
Scotland 28
Canada 413
United States 72
Other countries . .• 36
Total 715
Rel i(j lous Denomi ii at ion s.
Church of Engl-uul 229
Eouian Cathohe 247
Presbyterian 102
Methodiht 97
Baptist 25
Lutherian 10'
Conoreo-ational 3
Pagan 2
Total 715
Habits.
Temperate 143
luteiiiperate 572
Total 715
Sentences.
One month and under 29'
Over 1 month and under 2 months 88
" 2 months " 3 " 118
" 4 " 64
" 5 " 8
" (j " 220
" 7 " 3
" 8 " 11
" 9 " 13
"10 " 2
" 11 ' 1
"12 " 78
"14 " 3
"15 " 3
" Iti " 1
"18 " 26
"21 " 1
"23 " 20
"24 " :-6
Total 715
Average duration of sentence, 7 months 6 days.
82
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (Ko. 7) A. 1891
Crimes.
Assault 30
and robbery (i
and battery 1
" a constable 1
" aggravated 15
" doi'g bodily harm z
" with intent 1
Attempt carnal knowledge of girl under 10 years 1
" << <l K <( ►T u -J
Arson 2
Abduction of cliild 2
Bigamy 2
Burglary 22
" and larceny 24
Bringing stolen goods in Canada 1
" " money " 1
Breaking into school house , 1
Cattle stealing 1
Carrying unlawful weapons 4
Cruelty to animals 3
Carrying burglar tools 3
Child desertion 1
Drunk 35
" and disorderly 9
Desertion from North- West Mounted Police 1
Damage to property 3
Disorderly 7
Embezzhunent 5
Escape fi o.m custody 1
EsT-ape fro.il gaol 2
Forgery 3
False pretence Q
Felonious wounding , I7
Hor'^^e stealing 3.
IIous J breaking and robbery }^
Habitual frequenter, house of ill-fame 3
Indecent assault 13
" exposure 3
" assault, gii'l of 14 years 1
Keeping house of ill-fame 3
Keeping disorderly house 6
Larceny 275
" and drunk 3,
" " receiving 2
" " robbery 2
'' " false pretence 1
" of money 10
" horse and buggy 1
" and gaol breaking 3
Manslaughter 2
Malicious wounding of oxen 1
88
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Obtaining money under false pretences
goods
Per
•)"ry
Placing poison for cattle
Refusing to support family
" " wife
Receiving stolen goods
" " money
Robbery from person
Robbery
Shop breaking and larceny
Selling- liquor without liceiise
" " to Indian
Shooting with intent
Sheep stealing
Seduction of girl under IG
Charlton Act ,
Sendincf threateninfr letter to murdei-
Trespass
" on railway
Using insulting language
" profane "
Unlawful woundinsc
Vagiancy 72
Total,
7li
Occupations.
Agents
Boilermakers
Barbers
Bakers
Blacksmiths
Broom makers
Bartenders
Bootblacks
Brakemen
Brass founders ..... .
Riicklaj'ers
Butchers
Cab drivers
Chair makers
Cabinet makers
Clerks
Cigar makers
(,'arpentors
Cooks
Coopers
Confectioner
Commercial travellers. .
Dr'H'ijistv
l)yr
EuL.ii»oer ....
2
3
7
10
10
2
1
1
2
3
8
7
1
2
8
12
0
2.S
10
1
4
2
1
I
Engine drivers . . , 6
Electrician 1
Farmers 2
Firemen 10
Fur dressers 2
Finisher 1
Gardeners 3
Grooms 3
Hotel keeper 1
Ho;^tler 1
Harness makers 2
Hatter I
Lithographer 1
Labourers 3lG
Locksmith i
Lathers 2
Messengers 2
Minors 2
Machinists U)
^Moulders 17
Music teacher 1
New's boy 1
Pifino finisher 1
I'ainters 11
Puddlers 3
84
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7.)
A. 1891
Printers
Poiisher
Plumbers
Plasterers ....
Porter
Photographer.
Paper hanger.
Saloon keeper
Sailmakers . . .
Shoemakers . .
Sailors
Steam titters .
Stone cutters.
Sawyer
Spinner
o
1
o
O
5
1
1
1
1
2
14
20
3
11
1
1
School teachers
Slater
Teamsters
Tuilors
Tinsmiths
Tuck pointers . .
Upholsterer .. . .
Varuisher
Waiters
Watch maker..'.
White washer .
Weavers
1
9
42
7
2
1
1
3
1
1
4
Total 715
Counties and Districts.
Algoma.
Brant ...
Bruce.. .
Carleton
Essex . .
Elgin . .
Frontenac
Grey
Halton .. . .
Hastings . .
Haldinand
Huron. . . .
Kent
Lanark . . .
Lennox . .
Lincoln . . .
Leeds . . . .
Lambti^n . .
Middlesex
Muskuka .
6
17
7
17
14
14
20
18
2
20
1
1
30
2
6
14
13
24
83
2
Northumberland
Norfolk
Oxford
Ontario
Peel
Perth
Pecerboro
I'ort Arthur ....
Renfrew
Simcoe
Stormont
Victoria
Waterloo
Wellington
Went worth
Welland
York
20
2
17
8
2
o
8
4
3
14
12
5
5
6
74
32
237
Total.
Industrial Department.
715
Return shewing the number of days' work rendered for the j'^ear
mencing October 1st, 1889, and ending September 30th, 1890.
Broom shop 17,991
Tailor shop 5,158
Shoe shop 1,896
South shop 4,479
Woodworking shop 19,674
Brick yard 24,190
Machine shop 4,318
Permanent improvements, bricklayers and carpenters.... 7,106
General work in yard 520
Mercei "Reformatory 1,138
Farm labourers in garden aiid ou farm grounds 3,283
com-
Total
89,753
85
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Domestic Department.
Return shewini^ the number of domestics employed from October 1st, 1889,
to September 30th, 1890.
October 1,140
November : 1 ,458
December 1,151
Januarj^ 1,14S
February 1 ,220
March 1,524
April 1,142
May 1,348
June 1,173
July 952
August 1,495
September 1,1 67
Total 14,718
Return shewing the number of days prisoners were in hospital, confiaed in cells
convalescent and unemployed from October 1st, 1839, to Septembar SOfch, 1860.
Months.
Hospital.
Confined in
cells and under
punishment.
Unemployed,
bad weather
and waiting
for muteriiil.
Sick in cells.
October
November
129
123
12i
2!)i
252
184
144
149
85
81
17fi
84
51
106
49
72
73
151
97
101
80
102
42
34
499
471
368
512
327
394
2.37
212
216
184
251
62
61
132
December
110
January
February
March
488
141
238
April
115
May
109
J une
52
July
Autrust
28
86
September
69
Total
1,825
958
3,733
1,620
86
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Keturn shewing the daily popnhition of the Central Prison during the year
ending September 30th, 1890.
o
o
o
S
>
o
s
o
3
o
a.
<
6
a
1^
m
D
60
3
<
s
ID
a.
m
1
S53
350
359
355
S57
357
354
3G0
3fi4
370
3f!3
362
362
365
360
362
369
374
372
372
376
373
369
372
37(i
376
370
374
374
378
377
372
371
371
380
379
381
378
382
379
379
379
377
376
380
388
386
386
386
385
391
3<^8
392
390
390
390
394
393
399
399
398
388
386
395
394
390
394
393
393
403
403
405
402
396
398
398
399
399
397
399
398
405
406
405
400
305
392
S90
390
390
400
397
401
399
395
393
393
392
393
389
388
392
390
390
390
390
393
389
388
387
387
387
384
384
3S3
381
379
379
376
374
372
372
383
381
381
381
381
383
385
382
387
387
387
387
393
398
394
394
394
392
3S9
401
399
398
397
397
394
392
390
394
395
392
392
396
394
402
400
397
398
S98
396
394
392
397
397
395
395
394
397
396
397
397
393
393
397
394
393
393
395
395
395
394
12258
389
389
3)56
381
378
378
374
374
369
365
372
373
373
373
371
374
369
375
372
372
369
373
373
371
370
364
364
364
363
362
358
358
360
360
358
365
363
354
353
347
347
342
343
339
340
341
334
334
333
332
339
346
345
338
338
332
329
329
.337
337
340
340
338
337
.337
335
335
333
350
345
342
342
347
342
342
344
341
342
346
347
347
343
341
340
347
343
318
346
348
348
345
342
341
342
339
342
342
341
343
340
345
355
352
352
350
318
345
350
351
3.50
350
318
346
343
341
340
341
341
339
348
348
362
350
352
352
351
348
346
352
355
352
352
358
358
362
358
363
360
360
357
362
360
359
359
357
357
300
355
359
362
362
358
358
350
2
348
3
346
4
348
346
<>
7
338
338
8
338
<)
336
10
345
11
344
12
13
344
340
14
340
15
337
16
335
17
18
334
330
19
331
20 ,
21
329
329
329
23
333
332
25 ....
337
26
347
27
348
348
29
345
341
31
Total
11362
11528
12384
11984
10939
11180
10680
10274
10687
11054
10196
Total number for the year 134,526
Highest any one month 12,384
day 405
Lowest any one month 10,196
" day 329
Average per month , 11,210
day 368
87
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
CENTRAL PHISON HOSPITAL.
Annual Return of the Medical Department of the Central Prison shewing the
average number of patients in hospital per day for each month from tlic 1st
October, 1889, to oOth September, 1890 :—
October, 1889 4.40
November, 1889 2.58
December, " . 4.29
January, 1890 11.54
February, " 1(».17
March, " 6.09
April, " 5.46
May, " -^.Oe
June, " 2.G0
July, " a06
August, " .3.74
September, 18U0 G.OO
Average number per day for the j'ear, 5.26.
Number of patient.-* in hospital the 30th September, 1890, 4.
General Summary of distribution of prisoners in the Central Prison from
October Ish, 1889, to September 30th, 1890:—
Industrial department 89,753
Domestic " 1 4,718
Sick in hospital 1,825
Sick in cells and convalescent 1,620
Confined in cells and under punishment 958
Unemployed (inclement weather, lun.atics, unlit lor
work, and Maiting for material ",733
Sundays and holidays (unemployed) 21,919
Total 134,526
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
Toronto, October 23rd, 1890.
R. Christie, Esq.,
Inspector of Asylutns, Prisons, etc., Toronto.
Sir, — I have the honour to present to you herewith ray report upon the
Sunday Scliof^l at the Central Pj-ison for the year ending 30th of September, 1890.
The work of the .school has Vu'en maintained throughout the whole year
without intermission, with an average attendance of teachers 23, and scholars 211.
The attendance of men has been mnic uniform tlum duiing some jirevious years.
On no occasion has it falien }>clow 190, anrl only once it exceedeil 230.
The teacheis manifest the same >2cal and interest and faith in their work
which lias always chaiacterized tiiem, and the men are attentive and well behaved.
No trouble of any kind has been cxpei'ienced in dealing with them.
88
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1801
As to the results of our work, we feel hopeful, and understand from tliose in
eharfi^e of the prison that our teaching manifests itself favorably in the conduct
of the prisoners.
The Warden, Deput}'' Warden and other officers of the Prison have invari-
ably rendered every necessary assistance to us in our work with due courtesy
and willingness.
I liave the honour to remain,
Your obedient servant,
HAMILTON CASSELS,
Superintendent.
REPORT OF THE PRISONERS' AID ASSOCIATION.
Toronto, Oct. 29tb, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to enclose the reports of the various kinrls of work
carried on by the Prisoners' Aid Society for the year ending Sept. 80th, 1890.
The following are minutes of the large practical work of the Association for
the prisoners after their discharge :
" Total number discharged from the city prisons, including the Toronto gaol,
during the year ending Dec. 31st, 1889, 2,292 ; the number assisted by the society,
761 ; employment found for 181 ; provisions given to 84 families ; S2 articles of
furniture given ; rent paid for 14; articles of clothing given, 226 ; 40 assisted
with tools ; railwa}^ fares to homes paid for, 40 ; loans to discharged prisoners,
$350.25 ; repaid during the year, $239.85."
I also enclose reports of the work done inside the walls of the Prison as
shown by the following reports :
1. From Superintendent of the Central Prison Sunday School.
2. Superintendent of the Mercer Reformatory Sunday School.
3. Pveport of the schoolmaster employed by the Association in the Central
Prison.
4. Statement of receipts and disbursements of the Association for the past
We are glad to be able to say that we believe the work is increa'iing in value
and the influence on the prisoners is becoming more marked for good every year.
We have found it adv^isable to employ an a.ssistant schoolmaster which will make
the work in that department more effective.
We arranged as usual with the ministers of the various churches in the cit
to take part in the preaching services held weekly during the year just past.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
S. H. BLAKE,
President.
R Christie, Esq.,
Inspector of Prisons, Asylums, etc., Toronto.
89
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Toronto, Isi October, 1890.
Statement of receipts and disLurseraents of the Prisoners' Aid Association,
Toronto, from 1st Oct., 1889, to 80th Sept., 1890.
\ Receipts.
To Government grant $1,000 00
" City of Toronto grant GUO 00
" County grants .1 830 00
'■' Grants for cabs 700 00
" Rent 122 05
" Collection annual meeting 14 45
" Loans returned 366 83
" Subscriptions 470 75
S3,604 08
Disbursements.
'By Loans to discharged prisoners $232 65
" Aid " " 601 97
" Central Prison Night School — Salary and supplies. . 129 28
" Gaol Day School — Salary and supplies 169 25
" Cabs — Preaching at Central Prison 1(»4 00
A. Mercer Pieformatory 21100
" " Teaching " " 458 00
" Fuel, light and water 107 47
" Hymns, tracts, etc 44 94
" Salary 500 00
" Printing, stationery, etc 2-31 35
" Postage 31 62
" Interest on Simcoe St. property 357 53
" In.surance 40 00
" House repairs 78 25
" Sundries 183 21
$3,555 52
E. S. ROBERTS,
Asst. Treas.
REPORT (JF THE CENTRAL PRISON NIGHT SCHOOL.
To the PrcHidcnt <ind Memharn of the Prisoners' Aid Association :
Gk.vtlk.MEV, — I would respectfully sul»mit the following report of the
Central I^ris(jn school under my charge;.
Tiie annexed taljbi will shew the number of men in attendance each montli
90
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 7).
A. 1891
as well as the number of men in each of the several classes for the year begin-
ning- on the 1st of October, 1889, and ending on the 30th of September, 1890.
1st October, 1889, to 30th September, 1890.
October . . .
November.
December .
50
49
56
January 35
JTobruary 28
March
April
May
June
September
50
52
I 54
54
48
I— I 0)
c 2
4
11
12
9
9
9
8
10
12
u
U 1
03
a>
TS
c3
ci
<v
t^
P4
1— 1
1— 1
>
M
M
17
14
16
14
13
17
20
19
13
15
IS
16
18
15
11
11
12
16
18
13
11
8
10
fi
4
13
11
11
13
as .
ee a
-Si
M t Ph
3
1
1
1
3
8
11
3
In my report of last year the desirability of having an assistant who would
take charge of some of the numerous classes was proposed to your association,
and I have to thank you for the very cordial manner in which that proposition
■was received, and I am glad that you have seen j'our way clear to incur the
expense of providing an able assistant in the person of Mr. Madden, who is thor-
oughly in sympathy with the work and specially qualified for it.
The following are some of the advantages that will be gained by having an
assistant :
(1) As the assistant will take charge of the junior classes on two evenings of
the week and the principal of the senior classes on other two evenings, about fifty
men can be taught by each teacher, and thus one hundred men can receive the
advantages of the school instead of fifty as heretofore.
(2) Each teacher under the new arrangement will have only half the number
of classes to teach as formerly, and therefore he can do fuller justice to the work
of each class.
(3) A thorough classification of the pupils can now be made and the men caa
be promoted from class to class by written examinations for which under the
former system there was not time, as it was difficult for one teacher alone to get
through even the ordinary work in all the different classes in the alloted time.
In the months of January and February (as you will see by the report) the
attendance was seriously affected by the prevailing epidemic of the year, " La
Grippe," which scaled even the prison walls and seized its victims secured within
as relentlessly as it did the more privileged of our citizens who were not thus
protected by walls and bolts and iron bars.
I would desire earnestly to request your association to urge upon the Govern-
ment the advisability of making such legislation as would render it legal for the
Government, on the recommendation of the Warden and say a committee of your
91
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
J ssociation, to admit out on trial for from three to six months before the expira-
tion of his sentence a prisoner who, by his conduct and bearing in the prison,
liad indicated that he was wortlij' to associate again with his fellow-men, and
when he had completed a prescribed course of study specially adapted to make
him a better and a more intelligent citizen. This would prove a great incentive
to the prisoners to study and to practise wdiat w^ould tend to qualify them men-
tally and morally for being good citizens and worthy members of society when
their sentence would expire.
Sometliing similar to this has been tried with gratifying results in other
places, and I believe it would prove equally successful here in aiding to reform
the criminal after he had been suitably corrected for the crime committed.
This principle might not be extended to all classes of criminals such as
forgers and professional burglars, whose crime is not perhaps due to ignorance or
weakness of will so much as to calm and deliberate plotting and villainy.
Allow me to return you my sinceree thanks for the great interest you have
at all times taken in the humble and laborious work of the Night School and the
welfare of the pupihs, and for your promptness and liberality in providing all
necessary supplies.
Mr. Massie (the Warden) and his staff of officers and guards, and Mr. Logan,
the Deputy Warden, are deserving of praise for the deep interest they take in
the work and the valuable assistance they have given, and Guard Hartley, who
still keeps charge of the prisoners in the school-room and cheerfully aids in the
work, is deserving also of special mention.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Yours respectfully,
J. BODDY,
Principal Central Prison Night School.
REPORT OF THE SUEGEON OF THE GENTRAL PRISON OF ONTARIO,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 80th, 1890.
Sir' —The health of the prisoners in the Central Prison of Ontario for the
year has been very good, w^ith the exception of the occurrence of La Grippe. A
eolo)-ed man died during the prevalence of the disease with Cerebro-spinal
^^eningitis and in the absence of other known cause La Grippe was held
1 cspcnsible.
In connection with the epidemic one or two points are worthy of being noted.
1st, 1 requested the w^arden before the disease reached Toronto to keep up a much
higher temperature at night in the corridor steam pipes and allow abundance of
colli air to flow into the windows in the great hall communicating with the
corridors. The warden readily assentdl to the proposal. One case did well.
This sui)erior ventilation w^as kept up through the winter and, I have no hesita-
tion in saying that it prevented, or the La Grippe prevented, the large number of
fever, inflammation of the tonsils, throat, car and joints which we had had for
several ycai's pi"eviously.
In other n-ports 1 indicated foul night air as the cause of these diseases, and
the history of last wint(!r and sj)ring endorsed this view.
On former occasions I have urged for the sake of easier discipline in the
institution, for the lessening of disease amrmg the convicts, for the iinprovemont
of their health and morals ; increased attention should be jriven to the niirlit
"2
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
ventilation of the corridors, especially in winter. The location of tho prison, the
building itself, tlie care and cleanliness, the food, the drink, the clothing of blie
inniatus and the discipline of the institution are all praiseworthy.
The prisoners almost invariably improve in health and color by their resi-
dence here. With so much that is admirable it seems almost no bad taste to
intimate that all is not perfect. The institution, no doubt, compares most favorably
with any similar one on this or any other continent. But we should go far in
advance in our Central Prison and show how it is possible, even in a prison, for
the residents to breathe air kept continuously pure. A large number of the
prisoners on coming here are hurt in body and mind by past or by past and present
vices as well as inherited defects, and we should endeavour in every way to reform
their bodies and thus aid other agencies in the reformation of their morals.
The following list indicates the applications made by prisoners at work fo
treatment and the diseases they complained of.
DISEASE.
Abrasioiis . . . ,
Acue
Abscess
Albuminuria
Anorexia
Ajjue
Agnish
Asthma
Bilious
Boils
Bubo
Bronchitis
Balanitis . . .^
Burns and Scalds
Cancer
Cystitis ....
Catarrh, Nasal
Complainin?
Coryza
Conjunciivitis
Constipation
Contusions and Wounds.
Cramps
Coughs and Colds
Debility
Diarrhtea
Dysentery
Dyspepsia
Dysnria
Elipepsy
Eczema
Eruptions
Epistaxis
Feverishness
Flatulence
Gonorhcea
Gleet.....
Hamoptisis
Headache
Hernia
Heart Disease
Indigestion
Ingrowing toe nnil ...
Inflammation of H^tinl ..
" Nose. . .
" Glands.
20
14
22
12
281
«
130
12
16
40
22
6
8
3
30
1
141
239
40
1()
640
94
290
760
96
142
4
12
12
16
14
80
6
34
16
45
21
4
68
3
4
310
6
4
3
10
DISEASE.
Inflammation o [Arm
" Fingers . . . .
" Knee
Leg
Insanity
Irritability of bladder
Lumbago
Larngytis
La Grippe
Masturbation
Nervousness
Neuralgia
Nausea
Orchitis
Otorrhoea
Pains, alleged and simple. . .
Paralysis, partial
Pediculi
Piles.
Pleurisy
Pharyngitis
Rheumatism, mild
" Inflammatory .
Scabies
Shingles ' •
Sciatica
Sore throat, simple
" syphilitic
SpermattorhcBa
Sprains
Synovitis
Stricture of Urethra
Scrofula
Syphilis, primary
" secondary
Toothacha
Teeth extracted
" and replaced
Ulcers
Vartigo
Vari(!ocelle ,
A'aricose Veins
Warts
W'li- 111-:, Tape
" I'm
3
11
2
1
4
16
88
2
240
26
45
130
6
16
21
289
4
41
95
(J
2
141
6
41
4
12
64
8
89
6
8
49
18
12
45
211
100
14
16
20
6
16
2
17
4
m
5i Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Annual Rktuhns of the Oentrixl Prisoa Hospital, shewing the number of prison-
ers almitteJ into the Hospital and the diseases for which they were treated.
DISEASE.
Abscess
Ague
Boils
Cancer
Cough and Colds
Contusion
Cramps
Couijjlainrng
Conjunctivitis
iJiljUtheria
Dyspepsia
Diarrhita
Debility
Dysentery
Erysipelas
Feverish
Fracture of leg
Gonorrhcea
Hemorrhoids
Intlamuiation of Glands . . .
Insanity
" pre insane
Lumbago
Meningitis, Cerebro-spinal.
Neuralgia
Orchitis
Pleurisy
Pneumonia
Rheumatism
" inflamatory . .
Rash
Sore throat
Syphilis, Prim
Synovitis
Stricture of Urethra
Typhoid Fever
Ulcer
Wounds . . . .
La Grippe
1
4
2
2
1
3
2
11
1
4
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
16
5
1
25
1
1
2
5
1
10
50
OPERATIONS AND AMPUTATIONS.
Operations.
Calcucus from Urethra
Deaths.
From La Gripjie
Meningitis
from Cerebro-spina
Average number of patients in hospital per day for each mont
Octoljer, 1889, to 80th September, 1890.
1889
October,
November,
December,
.January,
FeVjruary,
March,
April,
May,
June,
July.
August,
September,
1890.
from 1st
4.40
2.53
4.29
11.54
10.17
6 09
5 . Hi
3.0()
2.t;o
3.00
3.74
(i.OO
Average per day for the year 5.26
Number of patients in hospital 30th September, 1890 .4
All of which is respectfully submitted by
Your obedient servant,
To W. T. AIKINS.
\)IL ,}. F. ClIAMItKRLAIN,
Inspector of PrisonH, etc., of Oniurio.
94
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
MERCER REFORMATORY.
It is gratifying to note the fact that during the last year, the daily averao-e
population of this institution has been less than any year since its establishment.
The decrease in number of inmates has been gradual during the past eight years,
and the average for this year thirty-one less than the average of past years.
The report of the superintendent, Mrs. O'Reilly, will be found to contain" most
interesting information in respect to the management, industries and general
results of the years work in the Reformatory. The sanie may be said in reference
to her report upon the Industrial Refuge for girls. The usual statement of the
movements of the inmates, maintenance, expenditure and industries. Report of
Mr. Christie's Inspection, Report of Dr. King, Surgeon, Sunday School Report by
the superintendent, W. H. Rowland, Esq., and general statistical report make up
the tenth annual report for this institution. I regret that owing to my late
appointment as Inspector, I am unable to give my own views recrardino- the
moral, physical and industrial training of the inmates of this institution during
the year.
Reformatory.
1SS9. 1890.
Number of inmates at beginning of year (1st Oct.). . 121 88
" " since admitted 124 101
" " transferred from Refuge
Total number in custody during the year 245 189
Discharged on expiration of sentence 148 100
" by order of the court 3
" " Governor-Geneial 1
Transferred to Lunatic Asylum 2
" Refuge for Girls 5 2
Re-arrested for escape 1
lo7 105
In custody at close of year (30th Sept.) 88 S4
Refuge.
Number of inmates at beginning of year (1st Oct.) . . 49 43
" " since admitted 19 17
" " recaptured 1 5
Total number in residence G9 Qo
Discharged on expiration of term i;', y
" warrant of Lieutenant-Governor 1 ....
Ayjprenticed by order of Inspector 12 14
Transferred to Reformatory
20 22
In residence at close of year (30th Sept.) 43 43
95
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
""'Attached to the Superintendent's reports will be found tables giving full
statistical information respecting the inmates of both Beformatory and Refuge.
Maintenance Expenditure.
For year ending 30th .September, 1890, compared with previous year : —
SERVICE.
Me '.icir.es and meiical comforts
Bntrher meat and fish
Flour, liread and meat
Buttpf
Groceries
Potatoes and vegetables
Bedding, clothing and shoes
Fuel
Gas, oil, c;mdles and matches .
Laundry soap and cleaning appliances.
P^irnirure and furnishings
Farm, garden, feed and fodder
Repairs and alterations
Printing, postage and stationery
Water supply -••.
Library, schools and religious services ,
Unenumerated
Salarie.s and wages
c4 a
s
239
2194
1834
712
3286
197
1899
7497
071
771
579
1237
485
4 05
910
434
771
10107
Total
Manufacturing operations .
34234 21
= 2 •
o cs o
X JlCQO
a; c I-"
cm.
2 94
26 89
22 47
8 74
40 26
2 41
23 27
91 83
8 24
9 45
7 10
15 16
5 95
4 98
11 16
5 31
9 45
.23 65
4.09 26
1 53
13 98
11 69
4 55
20 94
I 26
12 10
47 76
64 32
218 10
ig c.
119 83
1997 32
1648 13
710 28
2998 80
122 70
1720 25
2891 55
628 95
749 98
533 75
920 19
523 17
409 36
785 92
336 66
1230 82
9939 96
28267 62
1478 33
$29,745.95
cm.
1 83
28 86
23 82
10 26
43 34
1 77
24 86
41 80
9 23
10 82
7 71
13 28
7 55
5 90
11 34
4 86
17 78
.43 71
4.08 71
90
15 01
12 39
5 34
22 54
92
12 93
21 74
80
63
01
91
93
07
90
5.S
25
74 73
212 53
Average No. of Inmates in 1889 — 157.
Average No. of Inmates iu 1890 — 1:53.
Industrial Department.
The following summary shows the number of days worked in each of the
brandies, and the amount of revenue derived therefrom : —
Sewing Department.
No. of days worked, 386.
Total revenue •
Leas cost of material, and repairs to maci.iiK-s
Sl')8 04.
.') 00
Net revenue
Daily earnings of each inmate employed, 41.87 Lt;iils.
9 J
$153 64
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Laundry Department.
No. of days worked, 9955.
Totiil revenue 3,548 23
Less cost of materials and water 680 00
Net revenue $2,8G8 23
Daily earnings of each inmate employed, 28.81 cents.
Knitting Department.
No. of days worked, 3157.
Total revenue $289 50
Less cost of material 70 00
S219 50
Daily earnings of each inmate employed, G.94 cents.
Making up Clothing for Inmates.
4050 days at 30 cents per day $1,215 00
Clothing for inmates on discharge 222 41
Total ■ $1,437 41
The Gross and net earnings of the different branches were : —
Gross. Net.
Sewing Branch $158 64 $153 64
Laundry " 3,548 23 2,868 23
Knitting " 289 50 219 50
Total revenue $3,996 37 $3,241 37
Making clothing for inmates, etc 1,437 41
Minutes of Inspection.
Copies of the reports made by Mr. Christie after his inspections are annexed : —
I made an inspection of this institution on the 7th April, when there were
80 inmates in charge, distributed as follows : —
32 were employed at coat making, laundry work, etc., from which revenue
is derived; and 48 were employed at domestic work, cooking, baking, washino-,
etc., and in Nursery, from which no revenue is derived ; 8 others were incapable
or sick ; 4 infants were also being cared for in the Nursery.
A decrease in the population of this Institution has been ma'ked of late,
and can only be accounted for on the ground that there is a m r.; he.'.lthful ohsei v-
ence of the moral requirements of society, or a greater dread of the Cwnsoquimce
of violating the law.
No marked difference is noticeable in the characteristics of many of those
under charge.
7 (G.) 97
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A 1891
The Institution throughout was in g;ood order, and tlie classification of the
inmates according to their ability and capacity to engage in the several industries
carried on was well observed.
It will be noticed that a larger number than usual remained uneinpkn^ed, or
that they are engaged in such work as affords no revenue to the Instiiutioi).
The number of incapables from ailments both physicial and mental, wa&
largely in excess of the average ; and apart from the fact that in the nuijorit}- of
ca!-es health is promoted and life prolonged, little use can be hoped for by their
incarceration in such an Institution.
On visiting this useful Branch of the Ileformatory on the above date, 1
found it in excellent order. In the desire to efiect a speedy transfer of the girls
sentenced to the Institution, the acconnuodation aflorded has been taxed to the
utmost extent, notwithstanding the fact that quite a nun\ber have been ap-
prenticed, undei- R.S.O. 240. The reports of these latter show that they ai-e giving
general satisfaction in their new homes.
The industrial character of the Refugo, as it becomes more thoroughly estab-
lished, is making its impress upon the habits of the inmates in training them ia
vaiious kinds of work suited to their age and capacity.^
98
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
IKDUSTllIAL REFUGE FOR GIRLS.
Annual Statistical Report for the Year Ending SOrn Sept., 1890.
jSuinbui- of Inmates, 1st October, 1889 43
" " since received 17
" " returned from apprenticeship , o
— 65
Discharged by expiration of sentence 8
" " apprenticeship 14
Remaining in Refuoe, oOth September, 1890 43
—65
Sentences.
Direct to Refuge 15
Transferred from Reformatory 2
—17
Nationalities.
Canada 14
Engkxnd 2
Ireland 1
—17
Heligions.
Church of England 8
Roman Catiiolic Q
Baptist -1
Methodist 1
Presbyterian 1
J^dacation.
Read and write {j
Neither read nor write 11
—17
Counties from ivhich Glrfs are Received.
York 8
Middlesex 2
Wentworth 2
Bruce 1
Carlton . 1
Froutenac 1
Leeds 1
Ontario 1
—17
Ages.
Eight years 1
Nine " 1
Eleven " 2
Twelve " ;3
Thirteen " . 2
Fourteen '" (>
Fifteen " 2
—17
99
-54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
0(fencei).
Larcc!! y i)
Incoi-rigibilty ."}
Intemperate 2
Idle ami dissolute 1
WithouD proper ontnSl I
Vagrancy 1
Senteiicea.
Six months 2
Four years 1
Five " ; 1
Indetinite 1 -S
17
17
Daily average population of the Refuge for the year ending
:iOth September, 1890.
o
O
a
>
o
25
t4
1
Q
3
3
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
40
49
49
49
1538
<
^
s
s
3
1-^
>>
1-5
r " "
Sc
B
<
1^
3
1
02
1
43
4J
4>
4-2
42
42
42
• 4-2
42
42
4'2
42
43
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
42
42
]31(i
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
4?
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
1241
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45 !
45
45
46
4fi
40
46
4K
46
40
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
43
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
50
1306
49
49
49
48
4S
48
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
46
4(i
46
4(>
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
1403
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
48
48
48
48
48
48
4S
48
48
48
48
48
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48
1466
48
48
48
48
48
48
46
46
46
46
40
45
47
47
47
47
17
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
46
46
45
45
44
1400
44
44
44
44
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
43
43
43
44
4 J
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
42
42
42
42
42
42,
42
42
42
42
42
2
42
3
4
42
42
42
«
7
42
42
8
42
<l
42
10
42
11
42
12
42
13
42
14
In
42
42
1«
17
18
42
42
42
19
20
21
42
42
42
22
42
23
42
24
43
25
43
26
43
27
2H
29
30
43
43
43
43
31
1303
1395
1342
1333
1267
T(ytal days l.'),G10; average per day 4I3!!3
100
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT.
Toronto, October 27th, 1890.
R. Christie, Esq.,
Insj)ector of Prisons avd Public Charities, Ontario : —
Sir, — I ha\;e the lionor to submit to you the tenth anriual report of the
Andrew INIercer Ontario Rcforniator}^ for Females, and Ptefuge for Girls for the
year ending September oOth, 18!)().
The daily average population is less than any year since the opening of the
institution. I find we hav^e had an average of 114 for the last eight years ; this
year it is only 8:^. This decrease in our population has been going on steadily
from 18S^', in 1882, the daily average was 141.
I have to report, favorably of the conduct of the inmates thds year, having
found them much more easily controlled than in former years, and requiring
less severe measures. No case of punishment by confinement in dark cell has
been resorted to, we consider this our most severe punishment.
It appears almost incredible that so many women who keep all the rules
and regulations of the Reformatoiy, always conducting themselves in a quiet and
orderly manner, doing ilw'w allotted portion of woik diHgentiv and well, should
on regaining their liberty so soon fall back into their old ways of living, many
of them, I feel, are quite sincere at the time in making good resolutions ; but
they are weak and unable to resist the temptations that are ready to meet them
on their discharge.
Disdiarged Inmates.
We endeavor as fai' as lies in our power to providesituationsforallinmatesleav-
ing the Reformatory, and to keep them in view as long as possible. Those who
have lived out of the city Ave send back to their homes ; last year about 65 per
cent, were returned to their friends in different parts of the Province.
Of the 100 inmates discharged on the expiration of sentence, disposition was
made of them as follows : —
Returned to home and friends .54
Situation obtained b}^ Mrs. Hutchinson, London 2
Ladies of Sunday -school found ])laces for 1
Situations found by members of staff' 9
Went to house in connection with Prisoners' Aid Association 4
Went to Salvation Army Rescue Home 2
Went to Magdalen, North Toronto 1
Went to House of Providence 1
Went to Convent of Sunnj^side 1
Returned to former lives 24
Obtained situation for herself 1
100
Industrial Department,
During the year we have received no orders from the wholesale stores, as
was usual in former years, the woik done in the sewing-room has been for the
Central Prison, the gaols in many parts of the Pi'ovince as well as for the
Reformatory. The nutnber of articles made in this departuient is 1617, consist-
ing of coats, pants, dresses, skirts, etc., in the mending room 3,602 articles of
inmates clothing were repaired.
101
.)4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
The knitting was <lone principally by old and decrepit women who were
physically unable for the harder wn-k of the laundry, 45(5 mitts were knitted,
1SS4« pairs of socks, 140 pairs of stockino;s, and lOo ])airs of stockin;j;s refooted.
All the able-bodied women are constantly employed in the laundries; the
work done here is most satisfactory, the articles laun fried were 85,733 pieces for
the Central Prison ; 88,224 for the Canada Pacific Railway Company, and
70,897 pieces for families un the city, and for the members of the staff and
intuates.
School.
Duiin_!^ farmer years I made it compulsory that every woman should attend
the cliss 's held for reaching inmates to read and write; but experience has
taught nii tint it is useless to oblige elderly women to attend these cla-sos when
they have no disire to learn. I have now concluded to make the attimdance
voluntary, and I find in consequence that much better results are obtained.
Classes are opened after three o'clock for those who have finished their allotted
poition of work.
Nursery.
The year commonced with four infants in the nursery; two were born in
the Reformatory during the year, and two were brought in by their mothers, two
were taken out by their mothers on expiration of sentence, one was sent to the
Infants' Home, Toronto, leaving five infants. Supposing that women having
infants to care for, would not require so strict a watch kept over them as is kept
over the other inmates, these mothers were allowed to remain in the nursery with
their infants. After what 1 considered a sufficient trial, I found that it did not
work well, the mothers would quarrel. I now have had them removed to corri-
dor " A," where each woman with her child is locked in like the other inmates.
I find that this plan is followed in an Institution similar to ours in the State of
Ma.ssachusetts.
ImproveTnents.
The refrigerator for meat asked for (ast year has been put up during the
spring months.
Much has been done to protect the house in case of fire, seven iron-cased
doors have been put up in such positions that they would prove a means of a
shut off in the event of the house being on fire. Six automatic fire extinguishers
were purchased and placed where they can be readily reached in case of need.
A fire alarm box connecting the Reformatory with the Central Fire Hall has
Vteen placed in the porch of the east entrance. New spring locks have been put
in some of the corridors, tiiese locks ai-e a great improvement on the old ones, and
stand well the constant locking and unlocking which tends to wear out both
locks and keys. In view of the fact that the greater number of our inmates are
emplo3'-ed in the laundry, a new drying rooni has been built to replace the old
one, the wood ot which had become dry and warped, and was unsafe on account
of the increased amount of steam recpiin-d to dry the clothes, the new one has
V>een in working ordt^r for two months and has proveil most satisfuctory. Car-
pets were purchased during the year for the Superintendent and Diputy Super-
intendent's drawing rooms, and the teacher's l»ed room at the Refuge ; the
furniture in Mrs. (Joad's and my drawing-room has been recovered. A screen
was bought for the officers' dining-room. A new slide used to convey food from
the kitchen to the oflieers and attendants dijiin^-room is now being put in.
102
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Garden and Grounds.
The yield from the .garden has been most plentiful, the staff and the inmates
were fui-nished with fresh vegetables during the summer and the root house is
now well-stocked for winter use.
The grounds have been kept in perfect order, attracting the attention and
admiration of all who saw them.
Wants.
New mattresses for the attendants beds are required, the mattresses now in
use are those belonging to the old wooden beds, and are too short for the iron
bed now used. Iron beds for the inmates are very much needed to replace the
old wooden beds.
Spring locks such as those in use in some of the corridors are required all
through the house as the old ones wear out.
An addition to the green house is desirable, the present one is altogether too
small t« propagate plants sufficient for bedding out purposes in the spring.
Moi-e books are required in the library for the inmates, twenty- five dollars
would purchase a sufficient number of books to replace those worn out. A large
percentage of the inmates read the books they get from the library, they are
changed regularly every two weeks. Some of the women appear to derive a
great deal of satisfaction from their reading, especially when they are locked in
rooms from noon until four o'clock Sunday afternoons.
Religious Services.
We thankfully acknowledge the services rendered so regularly by the clergy-
men of the ministerial association, also the continued interest manifested by W.
H. Howlaud, Esq , Superintendent of the Sunday-school, and his efficient co-
workers. The Roman Catholic inmates have had their spiritual wants attended
to regularly as in former years. I can testify to the salutarv influence the
several religious services have on the conduct of the inmates, without that influ-
ence all our efforts to reform and elevate the women entrusted to our care would
be unavailing.
Sentences of Inmates.
In visiting some of the Reformatories for women in the United States, I
found on enquiry that many of the inmates were life prisoners, others were
sentenced for fire, others for'ten years ; and all had long sentences. These women
look on the Reformatory as their home, and find it to their best interests to con-
duct themselves in a quiet orderly manner. I consider that their long sentences
tend to the greater order and more perfect discipline of the Reformatory ; the
good impressions they receive have time to take root and strengthen. I did not
perceive that restlessness and excitability I have seen among the women sent for
short terms to this Reformatory.
The gi-eater number of women sentenced in Toronto get a term of six months.
Very little in the way of reformation can be done with a woman in this short
time. It takes her sometime to settle down to the legular routine of work ; then
towards the close of her sentence she is quite excited at the prospect of regaining
her liberty.
The average term of sentence given this year is nine months lower than afc
.any former year,
103
54 Victoria. Sessioiuil Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
Changes in Staff:
James Nolan was appointed February 15th to fill the vacancy caused by thfr
retirement ut" IJeury Thompson.
Every member of the staff has co-operated with me in carrying out the in-
tention of the Government in the establishment of this Retonnatory.
Industrial JRefuge.
The general conduct of the girls in this branch of the institution bas been^
on the whole, satisfactory, A few refractory ones have caused some breaches of
discipline of a rather serious nature. It has been necessary to isolate the offend-
ers for a time. This mode of punishment we have found to be henelicial.
During my recent visit to an institution in the State of Indiana of the same
nature as ours, I noticed that a small room was partitioned ofi' each dormitory,
where girls were confined for breaches of discipline. I would he gLsd to suggest
that this be done in our dormitories, bub tie room is entirely tilled with beds all
of which are occupied. A part of the north work room might be utilized for this
purpose.
As will be seen in the statistical tables the year began with 43 girls, and Ave
have the .same number at the close.
You will observe that five girls were returned from apprenticeship out of the
fourteen apprenticed. One little girl of ten years was returned on account of
the illness of her mistress, and her consequent inability to give the chihl the
care necessary for one so young. Two other girls were apprenticed t j relati\-e.s.
In both cases the people were most persistent in their a]i])lications to have the
girls leturned to them. They produced the necessary credentials and the- girls
were given into their charge, but in neither of these cases did the parents succeed
in managing tlie children. In my opinion both parties were at fault. One girl
was apprenticed twice to two different families, she proved a failure in eaeh case.
Many of the girls received during the year are mentally below the average,
they are part of that large and increasing class that are maturing every year, who
are physically strong, but mentally and morally weak.
Every care is taken with the new admi.ssions to prevent them con laminating
the other children.
The routine of work, the school, sewing and knitting chisses have been
carried on regularly as in former years, with very encouraging results. We
endeavor to train the girls to be good servants,
Many of the older girls who have been here over two ycais can make their
own dre.s.ses and underclothes neatl}'.
Here as in the Reformatory I have been al)ly assisted by the conscientious
eflloits of the members of the staff.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedieiil servant,
M. J. O'RKILI.Y,
Superintendent.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 7). A. 1891
ANNUAL STATISTICAL REPORT OF THE ANDREW MERCER ONTARIO
REFORMATORY FOR THE YEAR ENDING, SEPTEMBER 80, 1890.
Number of inmates October 1st, 1889 88
" " " since received 101
189
Discharged on expiration of sentence 100
" by order of His Ex. the Governor General 1
Transferred to the Asylum for the insane 2
Refuge 2
Remaining in custody, September 30th, 1890 84
189
Nature of Sentences.
Sentenced direct to the Reformator}^ , 75
" to Common Gaols 26
-: — 101
Nationalities.
England 10
Ireland 13
Canada G7
United States 10
Germany 1
101
Religious Donominations.
Episcopalians 38
Roman Catholics 28
Presbyterians 5
Baptists 8
Methodists 22
101
Social Condition.
Married 29
Single 72
101
Temperate or Intemperate.
Temperate 45
Intemperate .• 56
101
Education.
Read and write 60
Read only 13
Neither read or write 28
-.3,499
105
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (>»o. 7). A. 1891
Ages.
Under IS 16
From 18 to 20 12
" 20 " 30 44
" 30 " 40 14
" 40 " oO ■, 11
'• 50 " 60 2
" 60 " 70 2
101
Sevtences.
For 1 month , 1
" 3 " 1
" 4 " 1
" 5 " 1
" 6 " 59^
" 7 " 1
" 8 " 1
"9 " 1
"12 " 19^
"13 " 1
"14 " '. 1
"15 " 1
"18 " 3
" 20 " 1
"83 " 4
" 1 year and 360 days 3
" 1 " 364 " 2
101
Co'imes.
Abortion 1
Aggravated assault 1
Bf^fjfjincr 1
Bigamy 1
Bringing stolen goods into Canada 1
Concealing birth of child 1
Creating a disturbance by being drunk 1
Drunkenness 2
Drunk and disorderly 4
Kscupe from Reformatory 1
P^eloniously wounding 1
Frequenting house of ill-fame 4
Indecent exposure 1
Inmate of house of ill-fame 5
Keeping a disorderly house • 3
Keeping a l)OUse of ill-fame 10
Larceny 17
Neglecting to support of family 1
Obtaining goods under false pretences 1
IVoMtitiition 7
Vagrancy 27
'rancy and prostitution 10
101
106
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (^o. 7).
A. 1891
Occupations.
Char-women 7
Cook 1
Dress maker 3
Factory girl 2
House keeper ; 9
Laundress 1
No occupation 15
Pedlar 3
Prostitutes 16
Seamstress 1
Servant 42
Waitress 1
-101
Counties from which Inmates were received.
Counties.
Sentenced
direct to
Reformatory.
Sentenced to
Common Ga-^1
and subsequently
removed.
Total,
TJrant ....
Bruce ....
Carleton . .
Elgin
Essex
rrontenac
Grey
Kent
Lambton
Lennox and Addington
Lincoln
Middlesex
Nipissing, District of
Norfolk
Northumberland and Durham . . . .
Ontario
Peterborough
Renfrew
Simcoe
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry .
Victoria
Wentworth ,
York
Total.
2
1
3
2
3
17
18
75
26
2
1
9
3
3
4
1
4
2
1
1
6
4
1
2
1
2
1
7
2
3
17
24
101
Number of Day's Work done by Inmates during the Year.
Industrial Department.
Knitting to fill order 2,847
for stock 310
Shirt making 387
Laundry (City, C. P. R'y. and Central Prison) 9,955
18,499
107
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 7).
A. 1891
Domestic Labour.
Corridor and house cleaning 2,519^
Cooks 364
Bakery 477
Dining-room 1,216
Lsinndry (inmates and staff) 1,798
Learning to sew 126
knit 359|
Sewing, mending and knitting for Reformatory . . 1,136
" " washing own clothing .... 27 5 1
Nursery, attending of infants 582
Nurse hospital 26
8,879i
Daily average number of infants in the Reformatory during the year ending
September 30th, 1890.
Day of month.
CO
CO
i
u
a;
E
o
o
i-i
i
■ 2
u
a)
fi
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
105
o
CO
1-H
3
u
1
J3
'u
a.
<
1
6
1-^
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5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5 .
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
h
5
5
f)
5
155
u
a;
1
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
124
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
\
4
118
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
93
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
84
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
99
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
I
5
13G
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
155
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
.f)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
150
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
\
5
5
5
5
b
5
5
5
5
138
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
3
4
5
(J
7
S
5
9
5
5
10
11
5
12
5
13
5
14
5
15...
5
5
10
17
5
18
5
19
5
20
21
22
2:i
24
25
2o
27
2«
29
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
30
5
31
Total
150
To^al 1,507
Average per dtv 43'*,7ii
month 125i'a
108
64 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Daily average population of the Reformatory during the year ending September
80th, 1890.
Day of month.
o
CO
CO
o
O
November, 1889.
C5
CO
30
C
s
1)
o
Q
January, 1890.
V
fa
P
<
0!
1-5
'-i
3
a
t4
(D
3
a.
a)
1
2..
3
93
92
92
92-
92
92
92
91
92
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
91
91
90
90
90
95
95
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
9t
94
93
93
93
93
94
94
94
94
95
95
95
95
94
94
94
94
96
96
96
96
96
96
95
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
95
95
95
95
95
94
94
97
96
96
96
96
94
94
94
94
93
92
92
93
92
92
92
91
91
91
91
91
90
90
90
90
90
90
89
89
89
88
87
87
87
88
88
86
85
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
S4
84
84
84
82
82
82
81
85
85
86
85
85
84
84
84
83
83
82
SI
79
79
79
79
80
80
82
81
80
81
81
81
84
85
84
84
84
84
84
83
83
83
83
83
80
80
79
79
79
78
78
77
77
77
77
79
79
79
78
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
79
79
79
79
78
78
78
77
77
79
78
78
78
77
77
77
77
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
76
75
75
75
74
74
74
74
76
76
77
77
77
77
77
77
78
78
77
77
77
76
78
78
78
78
78
77
77
79
79
79
78
78
78
78
77
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
79
80
80
80
79
79
78
78
78
77
77
76
76
79
78
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
81
85
85
85
85
84
83
81
81
81
8L
81
80
80
84
85
81
82
82
80
80
80
79
79
78
78
78
80
80
82
81
81
81
81
80
80
81
81
81
81
81
81
80
80
80
80
80
79
79
4
^
79
79
V)
79
7
s
79
79
i)
80
10
80
11
12
l.S
80
80
80
14
15
89
80
Ifi
80
17
80
18
79
19
79
20
81
21
81
22
81
81
24
82
25
82
26
81
27
81
28
81
29
85
30
85
31
2839
2839
2914
2682
2301
2491
2338
2379
2334
2493
2497
2412
Total 30,519
Average per day S'.mt
month 2,5+31
Lowest number
Highest number
84
97
TENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ANDREW MERCER
REFROMATORY SUNDAY SCHOOL.
We have to report another year of steady work, in which we have en-
deavoured, through the kindness and love of the Gospel, to arouse in the breasts
of those who have broken through the crust of society, but are now int^erestvid in
a high life, and hope for the return to houie and friends and respectability by
t'lti r)0\vo!' oi' 0 ) I's pardoning mercy and grace. We ha /e so many happy illus-
trations of rlie l>le-;dn.;s •)!:' this \V')ik, none more so than the stea<lv decrease of
C) nnl^t^,^.ls to the iusdtnti )n \'vm\ year to year We are satislied that some of
thos 5 wli » c rn ', out ■,xvci nevman.^n^ly interesf^d in their own reformation, and the
letters we receive would give t/estimony t > thi.->.
109
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
It is, of course, impossible in the interests of their comfort to give puhlicity
to the personal cases to which we could point in such numbers ; we can only
state facts as we have them.
We have a steady attendance of sixteen teachers coming out eveiy Sunday
mornin- at the early hour ot nine o'clock, to wliose faithfulness and earnestness
we can never hope to bear sufficient testimon}', tlieir love and patience is a lesson
of itbclf, and it is amply rewarded with the results. No one can estimate the
value of persistent kindness of these loving women to these poor girls, who have
in so many cases been absolutely destitute of such kindness and consideration for
years.
In addition to the Sunday school in the morning, there has been for the last
year a service continued until twelve o'clock, at which over two-thirds of the
Protestant prisoners attend of their own accord. We call it the little church in
tjie house, and to its earnestness many who are now at liberty testify very
lovingly.
The S'jcietN'is now considering the question of the appointment of a siiecial
officer to aid in the work of obtaining employment for the women and visiting
them, which would increase the power and usefulness of the work generall)^
W. H. HOWLAND,
Superintendent.
E. Y. SAMS,
Secretary
REPORT OF THE SURGEON.
Toronto, 1st October, 1890.
PtOBERT Christie. Esq.,
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities.
Sir, — I have the honour of herewith submitting to you my tenth annual
report as surgeon of the Andrew Mercer Ontario Reformatory for Females and
the Industrial Refuge for Girls for the year ending September 30th, 18*Jl».
The Reformatory for Females.
I am gratified at being able to report that the health of the inmates the past
year has been exceptionally good. Not a single death has occurred in any
department, and there has been less serious sickness than during any year since
the institution opened.
As heretofore many casesare received which are not at all adapted to an in.stitu-
tion of this kind. Of this class are the insane, weak-minded, the agetl and iniirm,
pregnant women, and mothers with their babes. Such classes interfere with the
discijdine of the institution, and do little or nothing towards self-maintenance.
There were four insane inmates during the year, two of whom had to be
removed in August to lunatic asylums. One was violently in.sane when she
reached the ieformat<ny, and continued so during the few days preceding her
transler.
Complaints regarding fo(jd or clothing have been but few and frivolous in
character
The sanitary condition of the premises is satisfactory.
110
64 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 7). A, 1891
Reformatory and Refuge Staff.
Tlie health of the staff was good, there being no ailment of a serious
character during the year. A few days at most was the limit of sickness in any
case
Following were the presentations for treatment, viz. : — Alveolar abscess, 1 •
bilious, 14 ; bite from inmate, 1 ; bronchitis, 1 ; cold, 3 ; congestion, kidneys, 2 ;
conjunctivitis, 2 ; constipation, 2; contusion, 1; cough, 6; diarrhoea, 1 ; eczema,
8 ; erythema, 2 ; granular lids, 1 ; heart disease, 2 ; hysteria, 1 ; indigestion, 3 ;
intiamed foot, 1 ; insomnia, 1 ; la grippe, 13 ; nausea, 2 ; pain, 4 ; rheumatism. 2 ;
sore throat, 9, and weakness 28.
The Reformatory Hospital.
The report regarding the hospital department the past year is the most
favorable of an}^ during the ten years of the reformatory's existence.
During the entire year there were but four inmates, three of these beino-
cases of childbirth, and one of heart disease.
There were cases of sickness lasting a few days, which had there been other
cases of severity in the hospital would probably have been removed there, but as
there were no serious symptoms they were allowed to remain in their own beds.
The Syphilitic Ward.
The past yea^ there were 16 inmates under treatment for syphilis in this
ward, as against '25 last year, and 31 the preceding year. Of that number JO
were in the ward at the beginning of the year, and bad spent varying periods of
time, ranging from 18 to 330 days, prior to the first of the year just closed.
Of the total under treatment during the- year 10 were either discharged from
the ward cured or lett on account of expiration of sentence, leaving (J inmates at
the close of the year.
The largest number under treatment on any one day was 10, and the largest
in any month was 11. The smallest number under treatment on any one day
was 0.
The daily average number of cases under treatment for the year in this
department was 7.87, as against 10.02 the preceding year.
There has been a gradual reduction in the number of cases for several years
past.
Of the 10 cases treated their varied occupancy of the ward has been as
follows- 5 for less than 65 days 5 5 between 142 and 161 days; 1 for 238 days;
1 for 246 days; 1 for 309 days ; 1 for 317 days, and 2 for the entire year.
The Lying-in Department and Nursery.
This department, in common with the others, has been void of serious cases
the past year, and no death has occurred.
There were born one boy and one girl, both of which did well, and one still-
born child of a syphilitic mother.
The ailments of the babes in the beginning of the year, born in the institu-
tion, and which were brought in with sentenced mothers, as treated were, cold,
1 ; colic, 1 ; constipation, 5 ; cough, 2 ; diarrhoea, 4 ; erythema, 1 ; hemorrhage, 1 ;
indigestion, 3 ; purulent ophthalmia, 1 ; umbillical hernia, 1, and worms, 1.
Ill
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Presentations for Treatment during the year, excluding Hospital Cases.
DISEASE.
Abrasions, contusions and cuts
Abscess
Acne
Adenitis
AmenorrhcEa
Anisiuia . .'
Astliiua
Aphonia .
Bilious
Burns
Bronchitis
Bunion
Boil
Catarrh
Cephalalgia and headache
Colds
Congestion of kidneys
Conjunctivitis
Consiipatiou
CoruHitis
Cough
Cramp and Coli''
Croup
Diarrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea
Deafness
Earache
Eczeuia
Endometritis
Ery si pelas
Erythema
Exostosis
FebriculcB
Fits
Frivolous
Gastralgia
Gastritis
Goitre
Gonorrhcea
Hearl Disease . . .
H<eiuoptysis
Hojuiorrhoida
Hives
Hysteria
10
7
2
1
15
2
10
4
137
!)
2
1
1
1
20
58
10
7
108
2
47
7
1
24
4
1
7
9
G
11
9
1
10
11
59
2
f)
1
a
11
3
5
2
3
DISEASE.
Incontinence of urine
Indigestion . .
Inflammation
Head and face
Upper Extremities .
Lower Extremities .
Glands
Bursce
Insane
Insect bite
Iritis
Irritable bladder
La Grippe
LeucorrhcEa
Lumbago
Menorrhagia
^Metrorrhagia
Menopause
Nausea and vomiting
Neuralgia
Otitis
Ovaritis
Pains, alleged and simple
PediculiB
Phtiiisis
Phlebitis ,
Pregnancy, disorders of
Prolapse, rectum
Pruritis
Punishment, cell inmates
Rheuiiiatism
Scabies
Sore throat
Sprains
Teeth extracted
Tenia Soleura
Tinea Tonsurans
Toothache
Tonsillitis
Uterus ulceration or erosion of
Vaginitis
Venerial warts
Vertigo
Vicarious menstruation
Weakness, depression after drink, etc .
64
2
7
13
5
1
15
1
10
8
43
7
1
10
3
13
10
7
1
5
92
6
2
5
G
2
1
10
.^iS
I
S»
4
S7
2
2
17
5
8
1
G
2
1
94
112
54 Victoria.
Sessioual Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Monthly Record of Cases, other than Hospital Cases.
Months.
■October, 1889.
November, " .
December, " .
•January, 1890 .
'February, ' ' .
March, " .
-A.pril, " .
May, " .
June, " .
July, " .
August, " .
September, " .
Casual ok Ordinaky Casks Pkesenting.
Total Cases
Seen.
118
117
123
1G8
70
108
111
103
82
124
102
134
Daily
Average of
Cases.
3.80
3.90
3.96
5.41
2.50
3.48
3.70
3.32
2.73
4.00
3.29
4.46
Total
Cases
Sick.
21
14
43
71
14
26
18
22
7
20
14
53
Syphilitic Ward.
Daily
A verage of '
Sick.
.67
.46
1.38
2.29
.50
.83
.60
.70
.23
.64
.45
1.76
Total
Inmates.
11
10
8
10
9
Daily
Average.
9.83
9.33
8.00
7.22
7.85
7.12
7.06
7.96
6.43
7.09
8.48
8.10
Industrial Eefuge for Girls.
For the tenth time I am able to report a fortunate record for the girls of
the Refuge. Indeed it is somewhat remarkable that during a period of over ten
years that the Refuge has been in operation, death has not visited a single inmate.
There have been a few serious cases of disease the past year and a few narrow
escapes from serious accident, but happily the lives of the girls were spared.
During January and February about a score were prostrate with la grippe
for a short time, but made satisfactory recovery. About the same time one of
the girls was ill with typhoid fever for a few weeks, while in August and Sep-
tember a second was prostrate with the same disease. Another girl sujBfered with
inflammatory rheumatism for some time.
The foregoing includes the most serious cases, and aside from them the cases
were what might be termed ordinary.
8 (G.)
113
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Refuge Presentations for Treatment during the year.
DISEASE.
Acne
Bilious
BoU
Cancruni Oris
C.ld
Conjunctivitis
Constipation
Contusions
Corea
Cough .
Cut
Diarrhoea
Erythema
Eczema
FebriculEe
Frivolous
Gastralgia
Incontinence of urine .
Indigestion
Inflammation, Glands
" Upper Extremities
3
5
1
1
8
2
11
7
2
6
4
5
4
DISEASE.
La Grippe
Leucorrhoea
Nausea
Otitis
Pain, real or alleged
Pediculae
I Rheumatism
I Scabies
I Scrofula
I Sore throat
j Sprains
I Tape worm
I Teeth extracted
' Toothache
I
! Tonsillitis
I Typhoid fever
j Vertigo
I Varicella
' Weakness and loss of appetite.
I Worms (long)
38
1
3
2
7
1
9
3
3
25
1
3
6
1
3
45
1
2
8
2
The foregoing report as a whole is, from the surgeon's standpoint, the most
satisfactory I have yet h;ul the privilege of making. My relationship with the
stalf likewise has been of a pleasant character.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN S. KING, M.D.,
Surircon.
lU
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7)
A. 1891
BEFORMATORY FOR BOYS.
In submitting the annual report upon the Reformatory for Boys for the year
ending 30th September, 18.90, I regret that owing to the late date of my ap-
pointment, I am unable to do more than submit the reports of my colleague, Mr.
Christie. The superintendent's, chaplains', surgeon's and teachers' reports
and the usual statistical records from which will be obtained a history of the
routine operations of the institution for the year are appended.
Maintenance Expendituee.
For year ending 30th September, 1890, compared with previous years: —
Service.
Medicine and medical comforts
Butchers' meat, fish, etc
Flour, bread, etc
Groceries
Provisions
Bedding, clothing and shoes
Fuel
Light
Laundry, soap and cleaning
Furniture and furnishings
Farm, garden, feed and fodder
Repairs and alterations
Printing, postage, stationery, advertising
Chapels, scho< js and library
Workshops, tools, etc
Recovering escaped boys
Rent of guards' cottages
Freight
Miscellaneous
Salaries and visages
a, CO j^
73 68
2110 09
3138 60
999 68
Totals.
5238 o8
3869 !i6
968 15
267 59
909 16
2625 94
1810 68
574 52
280 40
175 95
141 50
629 96
123 97
1395 97
16793 33
cm.
.7
19.2
28.6
9.1
47.8
35.3
8.8
2 4
8.3
23.9
16.5
5.2
2.6
1.6
1.3
5.7
1.1
12.7
53.0
42127 71
3 83.0
34
10 00
14 87
4 73
24 82
18 35
4 58
1 26
•4 30
12 44
8 58
2 72
1 33
83
6/
2 98
59
6 61
79 59
93 55
2514 48
2826 18
635 24
54 06
4253 44
3058 62
914 00
272 36
1086 79
1240 73
1342 27
408 05
468 64
244 76
370 44
623 67
141 11
1187 45
16698 94
199 59
38434 78
cm.
.9
23.1
26.0
5.8
.5
39.1
28.1
8.4
2.5
10.0
11.4
12.3
3.7
4.3
2.2
3.4
5.7
1.3
10.9
53.6
3 53.2
45
12 03
13 52
3 04
26
20 35
14 63
37
30
20
93
42
95
24
17
77
98
67
5 68
79 90
183 86
Average number of inmates in 1889, 211; average number of inmates in
1890, 209.
The summary given below shows the operation of the Reformatory durino-
the year as well as in the two preceding ones.
1888. 1889. 1890.
Number in residence at beginning of year (1st Oct.) 192 19G 210
Admitted during the year 78 85 63
Total number in residence 270
115
281
273
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7.) A. 1891
Discharged according to sentence 39 33 34
Transferred to Central Prison 1 4
to Kin;:rston 1 1 1
Reprieved 30 33 32
Died 2 1
Escaped 2 2 1
74 71 72
In residence at close of year (30th Sept.) 196 210 201
A copj- of the minutes of inspection made by Mr. Christie upon this institu-
*tion are appended: —
I made an inspection of the Reformatory for Boys, on the 14th and loth of
May, when there were 215 boys under charge, who were occupied at the various
employments, and in the school-rooms, in about the usual proportions, in accor-
dance with the rules and regulations. The general health of the lads was good :
three only of the entire number were unable to be about and none of them were
seriously indisposed.
The special object of this visit was to make an inspection of certain lands
which adjoin the institution premises, and which are available for purchase, with,
the object of adding to the arable land at present under cultivation.
The properties were duly examined and their suitability for the purpose
specified will be reported upon in due course.
Final arrangements were made for the alterations in the school-room accom-
modation, and also for the alterations in the basement by which the bake oven
will be removed from its present location to the room adjoining the kitchen :
•instructions were also given for fitting bars to the windows of each dormitory, so
that with the doorway, a ready means of egress could be had therefrom in event
of outside communication being shut off through the centre aisles of the main
building. When this provision is made it does not appear that any facihties will
be wanting for the protection of the inmates in event of a tire occurring in the
centre part of the building.
I found the routine order of the institution being properly carried out : the
grounds also, and all the principal buildings were in a satisfactory condition.
SCHOOL EXAMINATION.
October llth, 1890.
To Mr. Christie,
lu.spector of Prisons, Toronto.
I have thi- lionour to present you tlie third annual report of my inspection
(jf tlie schools at the Reformatory for Boys, Penetanguishene, for the current
year.
I spent in all six day.s there, viz. : April Sth, 9th and 10th, and October 7th,
Htli and 9th. At each visit I spent one <lay in each room.
The .same teacljer.s are there now as were there last year, viz. : Messrs.
Murphy, Ferguson and .Macnamara.
110
64: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
All three teachers hav^e been doing very excellent work, and taking into
consideration the various impediments to progress their results have been good.
Last midsummer the room once occupied by Mr. Murphy was divided into
two, and one of them was given to Mr. Ferguson. Each of these rooms is large,
well ventilated and comfortable. This is a very great improvement, and the
teachers appreciate very much this good work of the authorities. The only
thing needed is more blackboard in Mr. Ferguson's room.
Mr. Macnamara complains that his room is badly ventilated, and in winter
it is very cold. This, T think, could be remedied at a very trifling cost. All that
is needed are storm windows, so arranged that a current of air will be admitted
at the top of each of the old windows.
At my first visit I found 187 boys in the different school rooms. Thiry-
three of these were in the Fourth Book Nineteen of them were in Mr. Murphy's
room, and 14 in Mr. Macnamara's. Fifty-four were in the Third Book. Thirty-
seven of these belonged to Mr. Murphy, and 17 to Mr. Macnamara. Sixty-seven
were in the Second Book. Mr. Ferguson taught 52 of them, and Mr. Macnamara
15. Seventeen were in the Second Part, Mr. Ferguson having 10 and Mr. Mac-
namara 7. Sixteen were in First Part, 14 of whom attended Mr. Ferguson and
2 Mr. Macnamara.
At my second visit 188 attended school, but only 167 the whole half day,
the others being absent from noon till recess in the band. Of the 167, 32 were
in the Fourth Book. Eighteen of these were taught by Mr. Murphy and 14 by
Mr. Macnamara. Forty were in the Third Book. Twenty-five were with Mr.
Murphy and 15 with Mr. Macnamara. Sixty-five were in the Second Book.
Forty-five were with Mr. Ferguson and 20 with Mr. Macnamara. Seventeen were
in the Second Part. Thirteen in Mr. Ferguson's and 4 in Mr. Macnamara's room.
Fifteen were in the First Part. Twelve in Mr. Ferguson's and 3 in Mr. Macna-
mara's.
I examined in arithmetic, reading, writing, spelling, literature, grammar and
geography. Literature in all the classes was exceedingly good. In nearly all
cases the boys had a thorough and correct appreciation of what they read. The
arithmetic in Mr. Murphy's 4th class, in Mr. Macnamara's 4th class, in Mr. Fer-
guson's 2nd class was good. In the other classes it was not good. In reading and
spelling all the classes did very well. In writing excellent work is being done.
The grammar in Mr. Murphy's highest class was good. In the other classes
studying the subject the result was just fair. Not much time is spent at
geography, hence the boys are in this subject only fair.
Last May the teachers attended the Teachers' Institute for two days in
Orillia, and went away much pleased with the meeting.
Before closing I take this opportunity to thank the Warden for his uniform
kindness in listening to my suggestions and recommendations, and for his-
alacrity, when possible, in carrying them out.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
ISAAC DAT.
117
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT.
Penetanguishene, October 30th, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the thirty-first annual statistical report
of the Ontario Reformatory for Boys for the year ending 30th Sejitember, 1890.
The statistical tables furnished shew, at the end of the year, a slight decrease
in population as compared with 1889, viz. : 201 as to 210. During the latter
year Ho were received, this year 63 is the total commitments. Yet the average
number of inmates in residence during 1890 is very little less than in 1889, viz. :
209 as to 211. This year 32 were discharged before e.xpiry of sentence ; last
year 33 was the number. Good conduct and progressiveness on the part of the
releasees being, one case excepted, the basis on which freedom had been obtained.
My remarks on matters, general and particular, connected with the institution
"will be found below.
Before entering on this task I am compelled to acknowledge that I am still
in the condition outlined in the second paragraph of last year's report. My
avowal then was as follows : —
" In previous reports, extendiiig over ten years, nearly if not everything of
note having been discussed, it becomes a difficulty without repeating oneself to
make the report for this year interesting or even readable. Religious instruc-
tion— elementary scholastic education — industrial training — legislation — the par-
doning power and its application — progress — advantages and disadvantages, etc.
— all these in their turn have been treated, crudely, it must be admitted, in the
annual reports of the last decade."
My condition being as above described, it now occurs to me that it would
not be out of place to reproduce portions of former reports wherein important
matters affecting sej'iously the progress and well being of our charge were
pointed out and commented upon with the hope that within a reasonable time
remedies would be provided. The state of things then complained of being still
without change or betterment in any way justifies reproduction.
" To all humanity, hope is an indispensable aid in the attainment of a better
state of being. It is the great excitant to perseverance in well doing Withhold
it, then recklessness, indifference and wt)rse, will fill the void. This being
admitted with respect to humanity in general, how much more does hope become
an essential to the unfortunate and misguided youths relegated, through their
misdeeds, to a reformatory. Since the establishment of this reformatory its
inmates, past and present, have been in a great measure bereft of this, to them,
" indispensable aid " towards the betterment, of their moral condition ; and that
such should have been and still be the case, is to be deplored.
" Readers less patient than yourself would have called on us, ere this, to
cease wailing and to indicate without more ado, the object aimed at in the fore-
going remai'ks ; and ask if it be intended to convey that hope, the potent incentive
to the attainment of all good, has no abiding place in the institution referred to.
To this, reply may be made that that fulness of hope necessary to stimulate to
earnest endeavour in the " putting off of the old and in putting on the new,"
which encourages the growth of self-respect, which sustains the weak and erring
when endeavouring to do bettei', and impels them to renewctl efibrts towards
self-iniproveinent ; the hope which inspires all workers, more particulai-ly the
youthful ones, the liope of receiving tangible and prompt reward is, in a great
mea.sure, denied. But instead of tiiat invigorating hope, we have the " hope
deferred, which maketh the heart sick," which begets and fosteis restlessness and
118
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
discontent, and bars the way to progress. This himentable condition of affairs is
wholly due to defective legislation, and this legislation has been, is, and will
continue to be, until intelligently amended, productive in numerous instances, of
results the reverse of cheering. At this point the question might well be asked,
why was not legislation better adapted to meet the wants of all concerned, sought
for and secured ere this ? An answer to this query, in as concise terms as is
possible for me, it will be my endeavour to give in the succeeding paragraph.
" It will not be unknown to you that in 1880, in conjunction with the change
from the penal to the paternal system of discipline, to render the introduction of
the latter more effective in achieving the end desired, the government of this
province sought for and obtained from the local legislature an act entitled " An
Act respecting the Ontario Reformatory for Boys." Although some of the
salutary clauses of this Act were impaired by amendments in its passage through
the house, still it was sufficiently comprehensive to meet the end in view. The
assent of the Federal Parliament being necessary to give it effect, it was there
subjected to another amending process which resulted in making the Act much
less comprehensive and salutary ; besides, a restrictive clause vesting the pardon-
ing power in the Governor-General in Council, was inserted in the Bill, which
left matters almost in the same condition as they had been ere the Province
initiated the legislation intended to be remedial. The Province aimed at vestinef
the pardoning power, the pivotal centre of all reforming agencies, in the Ontario
executive, and, when it was considered that the whole expense of the mainten-
ance, management, structural enlargement and improvement of the reformatory
has to be shouldered by the Province, and that its executive has to assume the
sole responsibility in respect to its operations, this design could have not been
styled unreasonable. Further, it could not well be considered irrational to infer
that the government so intimately connected with all matters pertaining to the
institution should have everything to say in connection with all that effects its
inmates. Instead, through the restrictive clause referred to, the Ottawa executive
retains the pardoning power, and were it not that all that pertains to the
Criminal Law is centered in the Dominion authorities, such retention might
well be deemed an absurd and illogical arrangement, particularly when it is clear
that beyond exercising control over pardoning power in its application to the
•worthy in this reformatory, it has no further indentification whatever with the
institution, nor any active, living interest, present or future, in respect to its
inmates. Through the retention of this power by the executive at Ottawa, many
difficulties arise and much serious delay takes place when remissions for good
conduct are sought for, and this is owing to one fact amongst many others, that
the same cumbersome modus opei^andi has to be observed in regard to boys con-
fined here — the great majority being guilty only of the pettiest offenses — as has
to be pursued when seeking for the release of felons from the penitentiary.
"All law being based on common sense it is but reasonable to expect that com-
mon sense should guide it in its operations. Let us then examine the procedui'e
in regard to the law of pardon, and see how far common sense prevails in its ap-
plication. In respect to the inmates of this Reformatory two modes only are
available, the first through action, by petition to the Governor-General in Coun-
cil, from without ; the second, from within, by action on the part of the Superin-
tendant to move the Ontario Executive to apply to the Executive of the Domin-
ion. The first being the most practicable, and, if unsuccessful, the least likely to
create heart-burnings and discontent on the part of those most immediately in-
terested, is put into operation in regard to a certain boy who has merited by good
conduct that liis sentence be remitted. To this end the boy is encouraged to
write to his parents, or guardians, as the case may be, and suggest that if a peti-
119
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 189T
lion to the Ottawa authorities were prepai'ed, the requisite number of signatures;
obtained, and then forwarded to the Federal capital, that he had reason to hope
when reference would be made to the Superintendant that he would report
favourably. Pre-supposing that the initial steps are pi'operlj' taken, that influ-
ential parties take charge of the petition, that they duly attended to the trust,
that the members of the Executive, or their deputies, more intimately connected,
oiticially, with the movement, M'ere not absent, or if in their offices were free to
attend to the matter, that the whole ]^rcscri bed formula, including reference to
the Superintendent, has been observed, and that so far no hitch in the proceed-
ings has taken place, what then ? The sentencing Judge or Police Magistrate is
placed in the possession of the file of papers in the case and asked to report, and,
should his report be unfavourable, then all the trouble, expense, and anxiety
undergone has, so far as those from without are concerned, a very disappointing
ending. But an ending more serious still has to be taken into account. It was
not possible in the nature of things that the boy should be ignorant of the exer-
tions put forth in his behalf, or that he merited that these exertions should be
made, then comes the question. What of him ? and what of his future in con-
nection with this, to him, disastrous ending. In nine cases out of ten " the last
state is worse than the first," for instead of being hopeful and progressive he is
in a condition exactly the reverse. "Facilis est descensus Averni."
" Referring such matters to the sentencing Judge is difficult to reconcile with
ordinary common sense, for in what way is it possible that he can form an esti-
mate of the changes for the better which may have taken place in the habits
and character of the delinquent since he saw him in the dock, years before.
Even when sentencing him he could not, having regard to his social position as
compared with that of the culprit, have much, if any, knowledge of the boy's
antecedents except such as he may have obtained from the constables the
e-Sbcnce of whose training is to view mankind in general from that point only
where the shadows are darkest. Of the earnest strivings after better ihings, or,
of the transformation of character resulting therefrom, the sentencing judge can
have no adequate, in fact, no idea at all. Still the culprit that stood up before
him for sentence, two or three years before, more or less, is again subjected to be
tried by him, and this time without counsel to sift or jury to weigh the evidence,
without being seen even, at this critical time by the dignitary in whose hands his-
release or detention entirely rests, and who, by the procedure which obtains, con-
stitutes in himself a Court of Final Appeal. In determining the matter the only
guide this court can have would be the notes made when the delinquent was first
tried and sentenced, but unfortunately these cannot tell the judge of the changes
which have taken place in the interim since he was before him in person, nor of
the efforts made by the boy to shorten, by his good behaviour, his term of
imprisonment. The pity of it is the lad himself feels that he has honestly earned
the remission sought for, he is also aware that those best able to judge as to his
merits, through seeing him day by day, struggling to improve, have already
vouched for him and that his release has been recommended. A.s he patiently
but hopefully waits for a favourable response to the appeal made in his behalf, a
rlescription of him might be attempted : but, when he learns that the movement
has failed : that (to his mind) a miscarriage of justice has taken place ; that all
his strivings have been of no avail ; and that his hopes of being reunited to his
frien<ls and his family, purged of the stain of crime, are blasted, then no pen can
adequately desciibc the bitterness of his feelings, neitliei- would it be possible to
speculate with any degree of accuracy as to the evil results likely to accrue from
this, to him, terrible disappointment.
120
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
" The above criticism is intended to refer only to the law in itself ; to
attempt to criticize the dispensers thereof would not only be in bad taste, but
would also be an act of unpardonable temerity, as they only apply the law in all
good faith as part of the dut}^ devolving in them. Many, it" not all, of the judges
and police magistrates would, we have reason to believe, desire that after pro-
nouncing and recording sentence, their functions in regard to those sentenced
should cease to be further operative.
"All these failures, disappointments, and heartburnings, etc., attempted to be
described in the preceding paragraphs could, we are certain, be readily obviated.
Were the bench, as a whole, possessed of the fact that in accordance with
Dominion and Provincial legislation, vide Dom. Stat. Vic. 48, cap. 39, sec 1, and
Ont. Stat. Vic. 43, cap. 84, sees. 27, 28, it had the power to sentence for indefinite
periods all juvenile delinquents brought before it, and that by so sentencing, sees.
8, 10, Dom. Stat., and sees. 31, 32, 83, Ont. Stat, of said Acts, would be brought
into operation whereby remissions would be obtainable without reference to it,
its representatives would, we are certain, cease to pronounce definite sentences.
Nearly six years have elapsed since this legislation has been made operative, still
only thirty-nine (39) boys are at present in the institution whose sentences are
indefinite.
" Until all or the great majority of the inmates are sentenced under sec. 1, it
would be utter rashness and unwisdom to attempt making operative sec. 10
Dom. Stat., referred to. This latter section, in effect, provides, under certain
regulations to be assented to by the Governor-General in Council, that the
authorities immediately connected with the maintenance and management of the
reformatory may, after the expiration of the fixed term, grant discharges, absolute
or upon probation. But as things are, with only 17 per cent, of our population
sentenced indefinitely, no advantage can be takeu of this section, else class legis-
lation would be introduced, whereby the very few who were fortunate enough to
receive indefinite sentences would benefit beyond their less fortunate comrades
whose sentences are definite, although the offences for which the latter were
committed are, in many cases, less serious than those of the former.
" The logical sequence to the foregoing is the question — Why does not the
Judiciary apply this later legislation when sentencing juvenile delinquents, for
whose special benefit it was enacted ? An answer to this, perhaps not the proper
one, will be found in my annual report of 1882, which I will here take the liberty
of quoting.
" ' I can readily understand that those chai-ged with the administration of
justice have felt themselves justified hitherto in not taking advantage of the
section referred to. Their impressions of this institution were, in a great measure,
formed at a time when it systematically failed in its mission, when, from false
notions and severe measures, it was a prison, not a reformatory. I am satisfied
that had they an opportunity of seeing for themselves the vast and radical
changes brought about here, of late years, they would gladly avail themselves of
their powers, and would place the boy in a position to make his own fortune,
with no fear of its being marred, but by his own misconduct. By so sentencing
them, they would enable the superintendent to place a boy at once in graded line,
and to make him feel that nothing stood between him and his freedom but his
own conduct. The administrators of justice would then have the immense satis-
friction of knowing that, in thus sentencing a boy to the reformatory, they were
taking the most direct and effective means towards his true and complete
redemption.'
121
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
" The portion of the report from which this quotation is taken was devoted
to a review of the position as it was then, and althoui^h tliree years have since
come and gone, the position remains unimproved. Furtlier on in this report a
suggestion was made which it may not be out of phxee to quote just here.
"'For the purpose of removing any miscouceptionj, would it not be well
that those, in whose hands the future of the boys in some measure lies, should
have such an opportunity of seeing for themselves the institution in its improved
state ; that, by means of a visit, properly organized, they might be able to dispel
any previously conceived ideas, and to obtain correct and cleai- notions on our
work, and our ways and means of doing it. I would respectfully suggest, in
accordance with the foregoing remarks, that steps be taken to secure, on that
occasion, the largest possible representation of the dignitaries referred to, since I
feel assured that, while such a visit cannot fail to be very interesting to these
gentlemen, it will be, moreover, the means of putting the institution in its proper
light before their minds in such a way as would lead us to hope that subsequent
committals would be made in greater consonance with the spirit of the statutes.
I am quite certain they will rejoice that wise and thoughtful legislation has
placed in their hands the power of sentencing for an indetinite period, since we
have seen above that this alone can obviate the great difficulty which now stands
in our way as a reformatory — our present slow and unwieldly pardoning system.'
" There can be no reason for doubting had this visit been arranged and
successfully carried out at the time (1882), or as soon after as was possible, that
now, instead of 17 per cent, only of the inmates being sentenced indefinitely, the
great majoritv, if not all, would be so sentenced, and, were this achieved, sec. 10
Dom. Stat, would be at once put into operation, and by its salutary aid, judiciously
; pplied, the hopelessness complained of would be at once removed ; for then the
greatest incentives to earnest, healthy endeavour — recognition and reward — can
I e applied, grade books can be opened wherein each boy on his admission will
be started in a definite grade line, and will know, month by month, the state of
his progress, with the encouraging conviction that in attaining a certain point in
the grade book his remission will be prompt and certain. Still, * better late than
never,' and if the desired visit cannot be managed, let some other means be taken
to bring this matter to the notice of the Bench, when, without di)ubt, it will
receive the thoughtful attention it deserves from the cool-headed, warm-hearted,
kindly-disposed gentlemen who sit thereon."
Concurrent with the above, the Roman Catholic chaplain. Reverend J. F.
McBride, in his annual report, made representation as follows :
" I will now venture a few remarks on a matter, the correct regulation of
which has much to do with the moral progress of boys here. I am of opinion
that the work of the reformatory would be much more effectual if means were
provided, l>y which boys who come hei-e hardened in crime or who show them-
selves recalcitrant under ordinary Reformatory treatment, could be temporarily
separated from the rest of the institution. The only means now at hand for
repressing insubordination, or for preventing a tlioroughly bad boy doing
injury to his comrades, is ordinary cell punishment. Apart from tlie manifest
inconvenience of this in cl)ronic cases, this treatment brings to such bo3's the idea
of punishment only, and since a 'boy who professes sorrow for Ins olience, and
promises amendment is (ordinarily) at once released, it is ])Iain, and results ])rove
it, that the ett'ect produced is at best transitory, and from the nature of the
restraints imposed, must be so. When frequent repetition of this punishment
becomes nece-sary, it at length tends only to dull the boy's self respect, and to
make him regard good pi'fjniiscs simply as methods of release from jmnishment.
So far as regards the boy. Now for Jiis comrades. We have hcie two distinct
122
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 7). A. 1891
■classes. I speak of a mattei well known to the Reformatory officials. We have
a few boys who come here positively hardened in crime, possibly after spending
a few terms in jail with the worst characters in the country, depraved in mind
and body. We have them here to reform them, certainly. But until they
become amenable to ordinary reformatory treatment, their baneful and blasting
influence should not be allowed to reach the second class, those namely, who,
througli want of parental control are sent here for vagrancy or tiivial offence, still
free from habitual vice, with minds ready, often eager, for the salutary teaching
of which their unfortunate circumstances had previously deprived them. It is
manifestl}^ building with one hand, and pulling down with the other, to allow
the evil influence of such bad cases as I have mentioned to contaminate their
comrades. Such boys themselves may be reformed, have, in the past, been
reformed ; but it takes time, and meanwhile sad damage is done. Under the
•existing system these boys during recreation must necessarily mingle freely with
the younger and less depraved, and there is nothing so fatal to virtuous inclina-
tions as the evil conversation of a depraved boy. Xo amount of discipline or care
can prevent it. Discipline here is simpl}'- perfect ; the guards vigilant, and kept
so ; yet the evil influence of this handful of bad boys is felt to a deplorable extent
'' 1 believe, and I recommend it to your earnest attention, that there is but
one way in which the evil can be prevented, and that is, by complete isolation
from the rest of the institution. Let boys whose antecedents give evidence of
habitual criminality, or whose disposition and temperament .show that the kindly
influences which now so happily rule in your Reformatory, would be, for the
moment, thrown away upon them, be placed in a separate class, in a separate
building if possible, where, under more severe discipline and greater restraint,
they would learn self-control, lose little by little their vicious inclinations, and
presently become fit for promotion to the Reformatory as it now exists. The
Reformatory years ago adapted its treatment (possibly by necessity) to the
hardened class, and became a prison pure and simple. The Reformatory now,
with infinitely better results, adapts its treatment to the far more numerous
class (quite 80 or 90 per cent, of the whole) who are amenable to kindly in-
fluences, but you cannot adequately legislate for the two classes together.
" Again, magistrates send us boys of 18 and 19 for three and four years.
> ut 75 per cent, of our bo3's are sent here at 14 or under. It is plain that the
treat II ent which is suitable for young boys of 12 and 13, cannot satisfactorily be
adapted to young men of 20 and 21. I am of opinion, therefore, that as a rule
sentences to the Reformatory should not run beyond the 18th year of the boy's
age, so long at least as you have only one house and one method of reform for
all courses, young and old.
"Another trouble, and a grievous one, comes from the unsatisfactory workino-
of the pardoning machinery. It is very easy to exhort a boy to be patient, but
quite another matter to expect him to be so, when he knows that a comrade who
did not deserve remission a whit better than himself, has been fortunate enough
to have his papers put through by the efforts of influential friends in Ottawa,
whilst his own well-earned release hangs on the hooks till his hopes are finally
killed by an adverse memorandum from the magistrate who sentenced him, who
saw him only for a moment as he passed before him from the dock to the prison,
and M^ho knows absolutely nothing of the boy's present mental and moral
condition.
" I believe, therefore, that to bring out the maximum efficiency of the
reformatory you require,
" 1st. A suitable house of correction or similar establishment under control
of the reformatory authorities, but so arranged that its inmates shall be absolutely
123
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
isolated from the reformatory proper, to wliich tliey can only gain admittance
when their conduct gives assurance that they will not be a source of contamina-
tion for their better-disposed comrades. The details of such a house are not so-
difficult or so costly as at first glance would appear.
" 2nd. A satisfactory pardoning system which, to be perfect, would involve
indefinite sentence, and prompt remission as soon as a boy should show himself
thoroughly reformed. ^
" The deep interest I feel in those here under my charge will plead my
excuse for having entered into these details. Your own knowledge of reformatory
matters will show you that both the matters of which I ha\ e written bear very
directly on the spiritual advancement of boys here."
The reflections conveyed and the suggestions made in the above extract were
the outcome of mutual discussion indulged in from time to time. No one other
than a spiritual director could better animadvert with secure knowledge to the
indiscriminate intermingling of the vicious with the comparatively innocent, or
more accurately estimate its calamitous results.
For some years an agitation having for its object the reform and ameliora-
tion of the systems in vogue in relation to the jails, prisons and reformatories of
the Province was set on foot by the thoughtful, earnest and philanthropic. The
efforts put forth in this connection resulted in a Prison Reform Convention being-
held at Toronto in the latter part of November, 1889, the outcome of which, among
other important matters of detail, was, that the Government be requested to orga-
nize a Prison Heform Commission. This was graciously conceded and five able>
experienced gentlemen were appointed Commissioners and endowed with plenary
powers for the purposes in view. Pending their report further discussion of
special matters affecting this institution would be, in my opinion, out of place.
With this conviction I will now proceed to review the ordinary every-day
affairs in which we are interested, and would beg leave to draw your attention,
(1st) to the Annual Report of the Acting Protestant Chaplains, also to that of
the Roman Catholic Chaplain in which the rev. gentlemen are pleased to bear
testimony to the strict and respectful attention paid to their ministrations and
to the spiritual progress observable in their respective flocks ; (2) to that of the
District School Inspector wherein the mental advancement for the year receives
favourable comment, and the faithful work of the teachers appreciative notice ;.
and (3) to that of the Surgeon who sets forth the very satisfactory condition,
of the physical health of the boys.
The material progress for the year has also been satisfactory. Some of the
structural changes and improvements for which appropriations had been made
cannot be carried to completion within this year. When making requisitions
for the ensuing year in Capital Account the reasons why will be given.
In conclusion I have much pleasure in testifying to the efficient and faithful-
manner in which all the members of my staff" have performedj their allotted
duties.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
Thomas McCuos.son,
Superintendent.
T. F. CHAMI'.EKLAIN, ESQ., M.l).,
Ins[)ector of Prisons, fcc, Toronto.
124
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
STATISTICAL TABLES.
Shewing the operations of the Reformatoiy for the year ending 30th Sep-
ctember, 3 890.
In residence 1st October, 1889 210
Admitted during the year 63
Total number during the year 273
Discharged according to sentence 34
Reprieved 32
Escaped 1
Transferred to Kingston 1
Transferred to Central Prison 4
72
Remaining in residence 30th Sept., 1890 201
^Nationalities of the Boys committed during the year and of those committed
since the establishing of the Reformatory.
Commit-
ments of the
year.
Total com-
mitments.
Canadian
English .
Irish .
Scotch
United States
•Other countries . . .
Total
51
63
1396
178
72
30
162
23
1851
Heligious denominations of Boys committed during the year and of those boys
remaining in the Institution on the 30th September, also of those committed
since the establishment of the Reformatory.
English Church
-Roman Catholic
-Presbyterians
.Methodists
Baptists
'Other denominations
Total . . .
Total com-
mitments.
125
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 189J
2 at 9
2 at 10
4 at 11
AGES WHEN COMMITTED.
13 at 12
11 at 13
11 at 14
11 at 15
8 at 16
1 at 18
Total .
63
■ PERIODS OF SENTENCE.
1 year 1
2 years 4
3 j-ears 21
4 years 10
5 }'ears o
Indefinite periods not to exceed o years 5
3 months and an indefinite period not exceed 5 years 1
6 " " " " " o
2 years and 9 mos. " " " 5
1 year " " " 5
2 years " " " 5
3 years " " " 5
1 year " " 3
2 years " " " 3
Total
Crimes for which the 63 boys were convicted and sentenced to
formator}'.
Arson 1
Assault 2
Housebreaking 1
Housebreaking and robbery 3
Housebreaking and larceny 3
Incorrigible 4
Indecent assault on male 1
Larceny 43-
Larceny and wounding 1
Shopbreaking 1
Shopbreaking and robbing 1
Vagrancy .* »
Total
63
the
Ee-
G3
Counties of the Province from which the 63 commitments were made din-ing-
the year.
Alj^oma District 1
Brant 4
Bruce 2
Elgin 4
Essex 1
Grey 3
Kent 1
I.am)»ton 1
Leeds and Grenville 2
Lennox and Addington 1
Lincoln 4
Middiese.x 2
Ontario 1
Oxford
Prescott and lUissell
Renfrew
Rainy River District
Stormont, Dundas and Glenj;arry. .
Waterloo
Wellington
Wellan.l
Wentwoi th
York 22
Total.
63
126
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Counties of the Province from which the 201 boys now in residence originally
came.
Algoma District 1
Brant 6
Bruce 7
Carleton 6
Duff'erin 1
Elgin .... 5
Essex 5
Frontenac 10
Grey 0
Haldimand 1
Halton 1
Hastings 1
Huron 1
Kent 3
Lambton 6
Lanark 1
Leeds and Grenville . 6
Lennox and Addington 1
Lincoln 8
Middlesex 9
Norfolk 5
Northumberland and Durham .... 4
Ontario 1
Oxford 3
Peel 1
Perth 1
Peterborough 3
Prescott and Russell 1
Renfrew 3
Rainy River District 1
Simcoe 3
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. . 6
Victoria 1
Waterloo 3
Welland 7
Wellington 6
Wentworth . , 21
York 43
Total 201
Number of Commitments since Confederation.
Commitments.
Year.
Number.
Number
at close of
same year.
Committed in
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
55
59
47
41
48
48
31
58
71
47
75
69
57
80
96
84
58
81
51
64
60
78
85
63
170
173
170
163
155
158
130
139
173
183
195
196
206
216
250
263
245
2*2
220
205
192
193
210
201
127
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
REPORT OF THE ACTIXG PROTESTANT CHAPLAINS.
^ Penetanguishene, October 28th, 1890.
Sir, — We have the honor to submit our report as acting chaplains to the
Presbyterian, Methodist and church of England boys of this institution for the
period extending from the late chaplain's resignation to September 30th, 1890.
Since the resignation of the Rev. G. E. Lloyd there has been no intermission
in the Sunday morning services. These services have been conducted by us
alternately.
We regret to say that for some time after Mr. Lloyd's resignation no Sunday
school was held. This was owing to the fact that we had not time to conduct
the school ourselves, and bad received no instructions to appoint a substitute.
Some months ago, however, we decided, with the approval of the Superintendent,
to employ a layman to take charge of the school, and were fortunate enough to
secure the services of Mr. Jamieson, a well-qualitied Sunday school teacher.
Since the beginning of July he has conducted the Sunday school every Sunday
afternoon.
In addition to the Sunday duty we have endeavoured to visit the Reforma-
tory, and to hold classes for the boys of our respective denominations once every
week respectively.
With regard to the Library we regret to say that, owing to the difficulty of
finding time, and from other causes, we have not been able as yet to distribute
the books to the boys. We feel that being without any reading matter is a
great privation to many of the boys ; and may have an injurious effect upon them
morally as well as intellectually. We trust therefore that arrangements may
soon be made to have the books distributed either by us or by odc of the officials
of the institution.
We have much pleasure in stating that the conduct of the boys during
Divine service, and at the week day classes has been excellent: — indeed it would
be difficult to find boys anywhere more orderly and well-behaved than they have
been while under our charge.
We also desire to record our appreciation of the unfailing courtesy of the
officials of the institution, and of their readiness at all times to assist us in the
discharge of our duties.
We have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servants,
G. M. KINGSTON, Acting Church of England Chaplain.
HUGH CURRH-:, Acting Presbyterian Chaplain.
W. A. V. E. PATTYSON, Acting Methodist Chaplain.
R. CuHisTiK, E.st^,
Innpector.
128
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
KOMAN CATHOLIC CHAPLAIN'S REPORT.
R. Christie, Esq.,
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities.
Sir, — i have the honour to transmit to you my report as Roman Catholic
Chaplain of the Ontario Reformatory for Boys for the year ending September
30th, 1890.
I received my appointment as Chaplain on February 4 of this present year,
and entered on the performance of the duties of that office on the oth of the same
month. At that date there were sixty-three Catholic boys in the Reformatory.
The good account of their conduct I received from my predecessor, Rev. L.
Minehan, was very gratifying.
The following is the list, viz.:
R. C. boys in institution on September 30, 1889 68
1890 64
Bovs entered between September 30, 1889, and September 30, 1890. . 16
Boys gone out " " " " " . . 20
10 completed their sentence.
10 had sentence shortened on account of good conduct.
From the date of my assuming the duties as Chaplain the list is as follows,
viz. ;
R. C. boys in institution February 1st, 1890 63
September 30, 1890 64
Boys entered between February 1 and September 30, 1890 11
Boys gone out " " " " 10
5 completed their sentences.
5 had sentences shortened on account of good conduct.
The behaviour of my boys has been very good and they attend to their
religious duties with great regularity ; they seem to vie with each other in doing
things well.
I feel certain that it would be very difficult to assemble in any establish-
ment the same number of boys giving the same attention during the preaching
of the Divine word. I feel confident that the word of God is not lost on them —
No ! even to-day it is bringing forth good fruit, and as an example of this :
Some three months past I organized a society having for its principal object the
complete cessation of profane language, the practise of their religious duties,
manliness and respect for authority. I divided them by ten.s — making six
groups of ten each — and placing confidence in the bo3'S I permitted them, each
group, to select two monitors of their own choice — making twelve monitors in all.
" These were chosen from the bigger and better boys." And let me remark here,
that they know one anothers character better than any of the authorities could
possibly know them. Now, sir, what has been the result of this society ? The
moral character of the boys has been greatly improved. They are guardians for
one another ; the older boys watch over the younger ones, and the smaller ones
look to the older for good guidance, which they do give, not only in the chapel
but in all other places where they assemble. In a word, this society has been
fruitful of the most happy results.
Fourty-four of those in my charge have made their first communion.
Nineteen are now preparing and I hope by New Years to have them ready
9 (G.) 129
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
On the visit of the Prison Commission to this Institution, one of the gentle-
men, the Hon. Mr. Anglin, was courteous enough to address the boys during the
hour devoted to doctrinal instruction. He took for his subject " Christian Educa-
tion," and spoke in his usually happy manner. The lads felt that they were not
abandoned and that the institution in which they are placed otters them every
advantage to tit them to take their place in the world as good members of
society, when their time has. expired here.
The majority of the lads that have departed since I assumed my charge as
Chaplain of this institution have written me, and I am happy to be able to state
that they are all working and seemingly they are making every ettort to do well
Now, I feel in duty bound to say that every o[)portunity has been given me
whereby to discharge the duties incumbent on me.
And 1 may state before closing that during the last eight months I have not
had occasion to report any for misconduct or inattention to my instructions.
I do not wish to make you believe that my boys are perfect, for if they were
this would not be their place ; but I wish to convey to you, sir, that I find the
institution offers every possible means of reforming the class of boys sent here.
Just one word more about the librar}^ We possess a number of very good books,
instructive and very readable ; all the boys avail themselves of the privilege and
many of them choose the very best of reading ; however the little boys, although
they have the ambition to read, still the library is very deficient in simple little
story books. I trust that when next making a requisition that this complaint
will' cease and that a supply will be brought on as soon as possible, as we cannot
commence too early to cultivate a love of reading.
In the interim between September 30, the closing of the official year, and
October 3rd His Grace Archbishop Walsh visited and administered the sacrament
of confirmation to twenty-eight boys. The visit of His Grace was long looked
forward to by his spiritual children, and they listened with profound attention
to the fatherly counsel given them by him. His Grace was highlj^ pleased with
the spiritual report I was happily enabled to give him. He was also pleased
with the home-like appearance of the institution.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant.
JAS. GIBBONS,
R. C. Chaplain,
PROTESTANT SCHOOL MASTER'S REPORT.
Penetanguishene, October 14th, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit tlie annual report of the Protestant
school for the year ending September 30th, 1890.
The number of boys in the Protestant school has decreased from one hundred
and forty-one on October 1st, 1889 to one hundred and thirty-six October 1st,
1890.
The educational status of the boys sent here during the past year is much
hifiier than that of the preceding year — afact which, while rendering our task
easier, is to be deplored, as education and crimeare not generally thought to be
correlative.
130
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
We have steadily kept in view that most of the boys sent here have to earn
their own living when they leave, and have, therefore endeavored to give them a
fair, practical education for the ordinary business of every-day life.
The division of the large school room into two rooms has been a real boon
to the assistant teacher, giving him space for better arrangement and organiza-
tion, besides being a benefit to the boys from a sanitary standpoint.
I annex the usual statements of attendance, etc.
Robert Christie, Esq.,
Inspector of Prisons, Etc., Toronto, Ont.
Report of Attendance.
Quarter
ending
Dec. 31st,
1889.
Quarter
ending
Mar. 31st,
1890.
1
Quarter
ending
June 30th,
1890.
Quarter
ending
Sept. 30th,
1890.
Total
Senior Teacher's Room :—
Aggregate attendance
4232
4400
4947
2777
16356
Number of days taught
73
71
71
49
265
Average daily attendance, 61.7.
Aggregate non-attendance
827
710
495
456
2488
f At work
674
452
358
290
1774
1
71
82
124
134
22
115
11
155
288
LUnder punishment
486
Average daily non-attendance, 9.4.
Assistant Teacher's Room : —
5300
4850
4618
3733
18501
Number of days taught
77
71
68
52
268
Average daily attendance, 69.03.
427
393
189
95
1104
324
241
145
91
801
1
63
40
119
33
38
6
3
1
223
L Under punishment
80
Average daily non-attendance, 4.2.
131
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7).
A. 1891
Number of Boys belonging to Protestant School, October 1st, 1890,
Morninc:.
Afternoon.
Total.
Senior Teacher's Room
24
36
36
40
GO
76
Total
60
76
136
Report of Progress.
Number of Boys in each class, October 1st, 1889, and position of same September
;'.Oth, 1890.
Number
in each
class
Oct. l6t,
1889.
Position on September 30th, 1890.
Gone
1st
Class.
2nd J.
Class.
2ndS.
Class.
3rd J.
Class.
3rdS.
Class.
4th J.
Class.
4th S.
Class.
out.
1st Class
28
14
30
26
17
17
10
15
2
2
7
8
12
4
2nd " Junior
1
9
4
3
2nd " Senior
9
3rd " Junior
11
2
3
6
2
4
8
3rd " Senior
9
4th " Junior
9
4th " Senior
6
Total
Educational Status of Boys Received and Boys Discharged, etc., for the year
ending September 30th, 1890.
1st
Class.
2nd J.
Class.
2ndS.
CJass.
3rd J.
Class.
3rdS.
Class.
4th J.
Class.
4th S.
Class.
Total.
Diticbarged, etc
2
17
■
6
12
4
6
9
5
10
7
11
10
52
Received
47
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant.
E. W..MURPHY,
Senior Protestant Teacher,
Ontario Reformatory for boys.
132
-54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
ROMAN CATHOLIC SCHOOL MASTER'S REPORT.
Penetanguishene, October 13th, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit the following report as Roman Catholic
teacher, for the year ending September 30th, 1890.
Since last report twenty boys went out and sixteen came in ; these frequent
changes tend to disturb and retard the classes. They come in of all ages from
six to eighteen, many of whom ten, twelve and even fourteen do not know the
alphabet.
The enclosed statement of educational status show the progress made
during the year.
Though some are really bright, lack of ambition being a ruling feature, some
incentive such as liberation, or shortening the period of incarceration, would
stimulate their lagging energies and would be a fitting reward for industry, self-
reliance, honesty, and perseverance, as well as instilling into the boy the know-
ledge that by his own exertion he may obtain the advantages justly merited by
a life of usefulness both here and afterwards.
It is apparent to all that the self-denial necessary to overcome his former
course and a constant application of his intellectual energies must have a bene-
ficial result.
The following subjects comprise the course taken up, viz.: — Reading, Spelling,
Literature, Grammar (Language and Composition), Writing Arithmetic, History
Geography, and Book-keeping.
Most attention given to those subjects which will be most beneficial in after
life.
The order and discipline compares more than favourably with the ordinary
outside school.
Catechism is taught t© all.
Statement of attendance etc., enclosed
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. McNAMARA.
H. Christie, Esq.,
Inspector of Prisons, etc.,
Toronto.
133
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 7).
A. 18»1
Statement shewing the Educational Status of Boys entered during the year and
same at end of year.
Number
entered in
each class
during
year end-
ing Sept.
30th, 1890.
Position in Class September 30th, 1890.
Gone
1st
Junior.
let
Senior.
2nd
Junior.
2nd
Senior.
3rd
Junior.
3rd
Senior.
4th
Junior.
4th
Senior.
out.
1
1
3
Third Senior
1
2
Third Junior
Second Senior
G
2
2
2
rirst Senior
6
3
2
1
Total
16
3
2
2
3
2
1
3
Educational Status of Boys Received and Discharged during 3^ear ending
September 30th, 1890.
Ist
Junior.
1st
Senior.
2nd
Junior.
2nd
Senior.
3rd
Junior.
3rd
Senior.
4th
Junior.
4th
Senior.
Total.
Received
6
6
3
3
1
5
5
16
Discharged
2
5
20
Statement shewing number in each Class September 30th, 1889, and same
September 30th, 1890.
iHt
Junior.
lat
Senior.
2nd
Junior.
2nd
Senior.
7
10
3rd
Junior.
10
9
3rd
Senior.
12
10
4th
Junior.
9
8
4th
Senior.
Total.
September 30th, 1889 . . .
September 30th, 1890 ...
5
3
6
4
9
11
10
9
68
64
Four boys out of the 64 boys mentioned above did not attend school any
part of the time during the year.
\:u
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 7)
A. 1891
Report of Attendance.
Quarter
ending
Dec. 31st,
1889.
Quarter
ending
Mch. 31it,
1890.
Quarter
ending
June 30th,
1890.
Quarter
ending
Sept. 30th,
1890.
Total.
4394
4113
4246
2876
15629
Number of days taught, 277^.
Average daily attendance, 56 178-555.
( At work ,
Causes . . ■{ Sickness
522
14
25
536
100
15
419
24
29
258
2
1735
140
1
L Under punishment
69
Average daily non-attendance, 5 3-555.
1944
Statement shewing number in each Class September 30th, 1889, and same
September 30th, 1890.
No. in
each Class
Sept. 30th,
1889.
Position in Class September 30th, 1890.
Gone
,
2nd
Junior.
2nd 3rd
Senior. Junior.
3rd
Senior.
4th
Junior.
4th
Senior.
1st
Junior.
1st
Senior.
out.
Fourth Senior .
10
9
12
10
7
9
6
5
68
5
1
5
Fourth Junior.
4
3
1
4
Third Senior . .
6
4
3
Third Junior . .
1
3
4
Second Senior.
2
4
o
2
Second Junior.
4
3
3
10
1
First Senior . . .
1
First Junior . .
2
Total
2
8 4
10
8
6
20
1.S5
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 7). A. 1891
REPORT OF SURGEON.
Sir, — In making my annual report as surgeon of the Ontario Reformatory for
Boys, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1890, I am pleased to be able to say that as
far as sickness in the institution is concerned, there is very little to report.
Not only have we had no deaths during the past year, but the general health
of the boys has never been as good since the institution has been in existence and
if you could be present in the bath-room during your next visit, while the boys
are being treated to their plunge bath, and see the amount of real enjoyment
taken, hear the peals of laughter and feel the good physique displayed, you would
be compelled to admit that a more healthy, happy and robust lot of boys does
not exist.
If you follow them to the dormitory, when they retire for the night and see
the clean white beds and high and well ventilated rooms, that college boys might
well envy — you have one reason for their healthy condition, and if you go still
further and are present in the dining room at meal time and see the amount of
good substantial food that disappears, you will have positive proof of the sounp
condition of their digestive organs.
This condition of affairs at the Reformatory is a source of great satisfaction
and amply repays the Government for the very large expenditure made a few
years ago, to secure proper sanitary conditions in and about the buildings.
Owing to the naturally healthy position of Penetanguishene and tlie particu-
larly happy location of the Reformatory buildijig in this the most healthy part
of the Province, we have always had a fairly good bill of health during the sum-
mer months and any sickness we have had was generally during the spring,,
autum and winter, when the buildings were more or less closed, and owing largely
to the faulty ventilation of the buildings themselves, but since the new improve-
ments have been fairly completed, the health of the boys has been something
remarkable.
Of course this is as it shouM be, for if there be any particular time in the
growth of the human system, when the body should enjoy all the benetits of good
health, it is when the boy is developing into the man, and the more healthy and
strong the frame, and the more happy his condition at this critical period, the
more healthy and strong, morally speaking, will grow his mind. So that not-
withstanding the ravings of some enthusiasts over that much discussed subject
Heredity, it'iH but fair to assume thatleaving this institution physically strong, with
only happy memories of the time spent in school, workshop and play-room, our boys
would be far better fitted to battle successfully with the world, than those who
though blessed with ante-natal histories of the greatest purity through many
generations, were allowed to graduate on the streets.
Beyond a few simple fractures from accidents impossible to avoid and some
minor ailments that constantly occur in so large a family as ours, I have nothing
of jiarticular interest to add and trust that it may be my good fortune in the
future, often to send you as favorable a report.
I have the honor to be. Sir,
Your obedient servant,
P. 11. SPOHN,
Dk. Chambehlain, Surgeon.
Inspector of Prisons, etc.,
Toronto.
136
M Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF PPvISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
UPON THK
ONTARIO INSTITUTION
FOR THK
INSTRUCTION AND EOOCATION OP W DMP AND DUMB
BELlLEl"V"inLLE,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER, 1890.
TRIXTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO :
PRINTED BY WARWICK k SONS, 68 & 70 FRONT STREET WEST.
1891.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
CO J^ TEI:Ta?S.
Pask.
Inspector's summary of the year's operations 1)
Minutes of Inspection 9-11
Report on Gonder System of Sewage 12-15
Superintendent's Report 16-23
Statistical tables 24-43
Physician's Report 44
Afaintenance expenditures 45
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Office of the
Inspectoe of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, November, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith the Twentieth Annual Report
upon the Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, situate in the
town of Belleville for the year ending 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
hwpector^
The Honourable J, M. Gibson, M.P.P.,
Provincial Secretary.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
PROVINCF OF ONTARIO INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF
THE DEAF AND DUMB, BELLEVILLE.
TWENTIETH
ANNUAL REPO RT
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
Parliament Buildings,
Toi'onto, November, 1890.
To the Honourable Sir Alexander Campbell, K. C. M. G., Lieutenant-Governor
of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please your Honour : —
Herewith I beg to submit the Twentieth Annvial Report upon the Institution
for the Training and Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Belleville, for the year
ending .SOth September, 1890.
I have the honour to be,
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
THE INSTITUTION
FOR THE
EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB.
In presenting this the Twentieth Annual Report upon the work of this
Institution for the year ending 30th Sept., 1890, I have to report that owing to
my very recent appointment as Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, I have
not had an opportunity of visiting this Institution, consequently I am unable to
place on record any facts from personal observation and shall have to content
myself by submitting the reports of my colleague Mr. Christie, who has during
the year officially visited the Institution and whose report I am sure will meet
with the approval of all who take an interest in the training and education of
the deaf and dumb in this province. I also submit the reports of the Superin-
tendent Mr. K. Matheson and that of Dr. Murphy, physician of the Institution,
in which will be found detailed statements of the work done during the year.
Having carefully looked over those reports I am led to believe that every de-
partment of the work is being well conducted, both in the interest of the inmates
and the Province, this will be more apparent by a careful examination of the
schedules attached giving the expenditure for maintenance for the year as com-
pared with the year previous, considering the increased number of students. I have
lately received from the Superintendent a couple of photographs of a number of
the students taken while attending convention of the Deaf-Mute Association, held in
Toronto, June 21st and 24th, of this year. It would be difficult to tind a brighter
or more intelligent looking lot of young people in any of the schools in the
Province.
Mr. Christie's notes of Inspection for the year under report are as follows : —
I made an inspection of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Belleville
on the 20th and 21st February.
Since the date of my last visit an epidemic of measles has prevailed among
the pupils, making its appearance about the 1st December and continuing for a
month, there being ninety-seven cases in all. Although a number of them were
so sevei'e as to require treatment, yet no fatalities occurred and the children all
made good recoveries. This epidemic had scarcely disappeared when the trouble-
some malady known as " la grippe," seized a large number of the pupils, as well
54 Victorica. Sessional Papers (No. 8) A. 1891
as officers, teachers and domestic servants. There were over 2(i0 cases in all
more or less severe under treatment. This visitation continued for nearly six
weeks, and only one case proved tatal, resulting from complications arising from
the ilisease. So mnch sickness prevailing continuonsly for an extended period of
time interfered very much with the ordinary routine work of the Institution ;
but at the time of my visit I was glad to find everything in its normal condition;
the general health of the children appeared to be re-established, and the Institu-
tion work was being carried on as usual.
Onlv one pupil was necessarily absent from the classroom on account of
illness, but one of the teachers from the after effects of " la grippe," was still con-
fined to his room. The duties of the latter were being discharged by one of the
pupils of the graduatory class, which appeared to be the best provision that
could be temporarily made under the circumstances.
By an unfortunate accident Mr. S. T. Gi'eene, one of the oldest and most
competent teachers, died three days prior to my visit from injuries received about
two weeks before.
.Mr. Greene was one of the first teachers engaged when the Institution was
opened, and during the long period of twenty years he was a devoted instructor
of the deaf and dumb children placed under his care. Being a mute himself he
was in thorough sympathy with those under his tuition and was looked upon by
them as one of their best representatives. In his death the Institution has sus-
tained a very great loss, and his sudden removal from the scene of his active
labors will be severely felt. The efficiency of the teaching staff will of course be
much impaired, and the appointment of an experienced teacher to fill the vacancy
— one not only thoroughly competent from a literary point of view, but also
equally capable in communicating to the deaf and dumb children in their natural
sign language is indispensable.
Notwithstanding the disabilities referred to I found the domestic arrange-
ments and condition of the Institution in a very satisfactory state.
I discussed with the superintendent the various improvements to be made
during the coming season, the expenditure for which, on capital account, will
become available so soon as the estimates now under consideration have passed
the Legislature.
The pupils in attendance numbered 247 — 13(5 boys, and HI girls; all of
whom were neatly and comfortably clad, and they were supplied with a good
and wholesome dietaiy.
I visite<l the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Belleville, on the 19th
of April, mainly for the purpose of inspecting the sewage appliances placed there
by Major ^layne, of Kingston.
Two small zinc tanks 'l' x 1', and about 12" or 14" deep, are place<l one in
each of the main closets of the Institution, and a small receptacle in the centre
of each funnel-shaped, is made to hold a supply of sulphate of iron. A pipe runs
into the tank conveying a small quantit}' of water to dis.solve the sulphate, and
the solution then overflows into the drain. This is the extent of the appliance so
far as 1 eould see, or learn by en(|uirv about it.
Sulphate of iron has been used in drains an<l closets for many years past,
either in a dry or dissolved state. The tanks referred to would of eourse keep
up a more regular flow of the ingredient ; but beyond that advantage I do not
see that the appliance has any special merit. The cost of the fixtures I would
estimate to be about %!)0 or 8G0.
10
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
I could not recommend the adoption of this process as a permanent arrange-
ment as it provides no means for the precipitation of the sludge of the sewage, cr
ibr its separation, as is done by the porous carbon system. So far as my observa-
tion extends I am of opinion that the latter system is the only method by which
the sewage of the Belleville Institution can be treated effectively and with the
])rospect of securing entire immunity from the bad effects of discharging the same
into the bay.
This institution was again inspected by me on the 9th of August, principally
f'lr the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the repairs and alteration in pro-
gress, prior to the reassembling of the pupils on the 10th September, 1890.
I found the work on the general repairs, plastering, painting, etc., in an
advanced state, but on account of the decayed condition of the woodwork in some
places a considerably larger sum will be expended than was first contemplated.
The near approach of the date when the pupils return will make it necessary to
expedite the placing in position of the new boiler for increased steam supply and
the engine for laundry and other work.
The most important of the alterations is the reconstruction and fitting up of
the kitchen with new utensils which work is well in hand and will no doubt be
ready before the term commences.
The appropriation for this expenditure will not be exceeded and this great
improv'ement will be eflfected at a very ordinary outlay.
I found all other matters in connection with the ordinary routine of the
Institution to be quite satisfactory, and apart from the alterations above referred
to I found nothing special to note on the occasion of this visit.
In company with Dr. P. H. Bryce, Secretary of the Provincial Board of
Health and Mr. Kivas Tully, Provincial Architect, I visited the Institution for
the Deaf and Dumb, Belleville, to determine as to the ability of the Conder
system of treating the sewage from the Institution.
Various tests were made, the result of which cannot be accurately deter-
mined and a definite decision as to the practical utility of the system must con-
sequently be delayed until the experiments and tests are completed. It does not
appear however, that the system can be adopted with advantage here as the
objection to the present mode of discharging the sewage into the bay of Quinte,
still continues. All that the system accoaiplijhes being any chemical action
upon the sewage that may take place before it is thus discharged.
After the tests applied are completed, however, the whole matter will be
more fully reported upon.
I found that the improvements referred to in my last minutes of inspection
were all completed, though some slight additions had to be made, thereto the
whole refitting has been accomplished in a very satisfactory manner. The engine
works nicely and smoothly, and the boiler furnishes one-third more steam capa-
city, affording ample power, and at the same time doing the heating and the
cooking in the kitchen with much better results than the ranges heretofore used
and much more economically.
The reassembling of the pupils had taken place, and the whole Institution
was being put in a thoroughly efficient working condition.
The teaching staff which will be augmented, and the existing vacancies
supplied will no doubt maintain for the Institution its high reputation as a
training and educational school.
11
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Report ox the Conder System of Treatino Sewage at the Ontario
Institute for the Deaf and Dumb Belleville.
To the Eon. the Min ister of Agriculture :
Your Commissioners Jis^ve to report that having visited the Institution on
September 16th, 1890, they in company with Mr. Kivas Tully, of the Public
Works Department, the Superintendent and Major Majme, who has charge of the
Conder system, examined carefully into the process as it is in operation there, and
found as follows :
1st. That a small tank two feet by one foot is placed in the closets of either
wing at a point such that it can discharge the Conder solution,, which consists of
four and one-half pounds of sulphate of iron daily, or nine pounds for the whole
Institution (being one pound per month for each inmate), together with a small
piece of meat (other organic matter as cheese may also be used), upon which
water trickles, and when the apparatus is in use this solution is allowed to trickle
into the soil pipe and thence go into the sewer.
2nd. We were informed that the water is turned on and the solution used
only in the evening, as the closets are but little used during the day.
3rd. Thence w'e visited the outside latrines and found them of such a size
(twenty-five feet by two feet fifteen inches), and so constructed that they can be
flushed several times if necessary during the day. They were well kept.
4th. The main sew^er at the East of the building receives all the house slops^
kitchen slops, etc., and at a point further south receives the sewage from the
west wing, superintendent's house, etc. This sewer was examined and found in
good working order, and discharging at the edge of the bay, south of the Insti-
tution, about a quarter of a mile distant. Regarding the usefulness of the pre-
cipitant as used, the following facts were noted :
(a). That it is used only during the night when very little sewage leaves
the buildings, and hence it is not applied to the great bulk of the sewage which
leaves the latrines, the kitchen and the laundry, as at their ordinary rate of
movement of tw^o feet per second the sewage would be in the bay in about ten
minutes.
(h). That assuming for the moment the precipitant to be useful, its use in so
partial a manner practically fails to do the work intended, viz., to disinfect and
disintegrate the most important part of the sewage, viz., the excreta.
(c). That therefore the cost of the sulphate of iron poured into the sewers at
night, amounting at three cents a pound, to twent^'^-seven cents a day, or $98.55
annually, is practically valueless for the purposes intended.
As it is of importance to know the character of the so-called Conder method,
your Commissioners took samples of sewage from 1st, the latrines ; 2nd, the
.sewer where receiving the house wastes ; •"hxl, at a point below the junction of
the west branch with the main sewer; 4th, at the outlet of the sewer in the bay.
A drop or tw(j of each was added to gelatine tubes and left with the Super-
intendent to ob.sei-ve results. In a few days all the tubes had undergone putre-
faction, and to use the Superintendent's words, " the contcuits of the tubes got
so offensive that we removed th(!ni to a i-ooin upstairs. The tubes from which
the gelatine tubes were inoculated were brought to Toi-onto, and they similarly
had become in a few days, notably 1st and 2n<l samples, extremely offensive.
12
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
A biological analynis of these samples has been carefully made, and the
following results were obtained :
Each of the four samples showed when examined biologically innumerable
bacteria of various forms. This indicates that the same conditions would exist
in the sewage when poured into the bay and in its progress down the stream.
As Major Mayne has stated to your Commissioners what he claims for the
Conder method of sewage disposal, it has appeared desirable that your Commis-
sioners should inquire more particularly into its merits. Major Mayne claims for
the method :
1st. That the sewage is not only displaced or clarified, Ijut that it is also
puritied.
2nd. That it requires no special work for its application,
3rd. That it creates no sludge, and consequently only a small settlino- tank
is required for the precipitant.
4th. That it not onl}^ arrests decomposition, but also the evolution of sewer
gas, and destroys bacterial life.
5th. That there is no sme'l below the part where it is applied.
Your Commissioners have to say in reply to these claims that if the method
was considered to be in operation at the time of their visit, then, as would appear
from the above experiments, the claims set forth are not maintained ; but if it be
said that the method was not in operation, then there is indicated a very o-rave
defect in the method of its application, and in the manner in which it is carried
out.
That the system is still believed in, may, however, Ije seen from the paixsr
read before ihe recent meeting of the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, at
Briofhton on Autjust 25th, 1890.
Major Conder there claimed for it in addition to the claims given above :
6th. That the effluent ma}- be discharged directly into any stream without
any injury to the water.
7th. That the silt is inoffensive, and has been shown to be a good manure.
He states the action to be that it takes hold of the urea, making the follow-
ing chemical changes :
Urea — Sulphate of Iron — Chi N20 + Fe S04 + 7H.2 0. (water of crystal-
ization) = (N.H.4 ) S.O4 + Fe C03 + 5H O. (Ammonia Sulphate), (iron
Carbonate) (water).
Allowing that the conversion of urea thus does take place, it would be absurd
to say that the great bulk of sev/age is made up of urea, or that sulphate of iron
is capable of so extended a chemical action as to cause the great bulk of the
organic matter of sewage to disappear in so simple a manner.
In the discussion which followed the reading of Major Condor's paper. Dr.
Alfred Caipenter, Croyden, one of the most prominent and scientific medical
health officers of Great Britain, is quoted in the report of the meetino- in the
Sanitary Record, as follows : — " Dr. Carpenter emphaticall}^ denied many of
Major Conder's statements with regard to the pollution of the soil of sewa^re
farms. The destruction of the material in human sewage is contrar\^, he said to
all political economy, and therefore he condemned these iron processes. Properly
13
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
constructed sewers breed no sewer gas, and if the sewage is placed upon the land
within, say three hours of discharge no harm can befall. Under very special
ciicumstances the use of sulphate of iron is proper, but over areas it is
mischievous.
Dr. Carpenter had used sulphate of iron in tanks, but has discontinued it on
account of the expense.
Mr. Richard F. Grantham, Mem. Institute, C. E., in another paper on the dis-
posal of London sewage on Maplin Sands, referred to the various soils and their
capacity tor absorbing or tiltering sewage, and spoke of the strong concensus of
opinion against any chemical treatment of sewage.
Without referring to the details of the use of iron salts for the purification of
sewage, it may be said that they have been used for many yeai^s at different
places, with lime, alum, etc., and have all had the same object in view of prevent-
ing rapid decomposition of the sewage, and of precipitating it either into tanks
or in water courses. As I believe, no person prior to Mr. Conder, has
urged that the iron solution destroys or eats up the sewage, and as he claims
that his process notably lessens sewage, we must ask what argument
the claim is based upon ^ Your Commissioners have been informed by Major
Mayne that the secret of the process is the presence of organic matter in the
solution, to prevent, as stated by him, the oxidization of the sulphate of iron
before it is applied to the sewage. How this is accomplished where a portion of
beef is placed in the solution, which, in so far as its juices contain albumen, is
likely to be attacked by the iron as a precipitant, and so have its available
activity for sewage lessened, your Commissioners cannot understand, and until
the matter is explained chemically they must assume that ordinary sulphate of
iron placed in the tanks would exert quite as much influence in precipitating-
sewage as does the sulphate solution plus a portion of fresh meat. In any case
the conclusion of the whole matter seems to be that the sewage when the iron
.salt is being used is in part being precipitated in its course to the bay, and that
there it forms a black ma.ss of sludge at the end of the pipe, the organic matter of"
which will undergo putrefaction, except such portions as may have become carbon-
ate of iron, which make up but a small poi'tion of the whole ; and that we have no-
evidence — in fact the contrary — that the bacteria of pathogenic disease if present
in the sewage will not be carried out into the bay, and perhaps by their free
multiplication in the bay water, affect the purity of the Belleville water supply.
Abundant examples might be given diowing that this is quite possible.
Your Commissioners, in view of the failure of such a scheme as the Conder
system to produce the desired result, have examined the ground with a view to
seeing whether a.u alternative nlan of di^)K)siiii>- of the sewap^e of the Institution
on land might not be adopted. 'J'here is an opportunity of having the sewage
distributed from the existing main drain upon a sewage farm at a very small
cost if the levels prove satisfactory. We are informed of a yet more desirable
piece of land to tlie north of the Institution, but until the levels are taken it was
thought best not to go into details regarding the preferable ground to be used.
The plan would mv(jlve the grading oi an area of ground to a h-vel, in the same
way as at London. Not more than an acre of ground would probably be needed
Proi»ably a certain amount of subsoil tile drainage would be found necessary ; but
all the necessary work in addition to the ])reparation of tiie field would be an
arrangement of tanks of such capacity ms would store tl)e sewage of, at the most,
twenty-four hours, and having automatic overflows arranged according to well
known piinciple-.
14
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Your OommissioniM-s would advise that they be appointed a committee, with
the Chief of the Department of Public Works, "to take the necessary steps for
working out the details of such a scheme, at as early a date as possible. This
seems all the more necessary as serious complaint has for two years been made by
the citizens of Belleville, regarding the danger caused to its public water supply
from the sewage of the Institution being, as it is now, poured into the Bay of
Quinte.
All of which is respectfully .submitted,
Signed,
Peter H. Bryce,^
> Commissioners.
R Christie, j
15
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ONTARIO INSTITUTION
FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.
Belleville, September 30th, 1890.
K. Christie, Esq.,
Inspectoi' As!/Jwis, Prisun.^, etc.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the twentieth annual report of this institution up
to 30th of September, 1890, and to report an increased number of pupils in attendance.
Our work during the past year has been encouraging, notwithstanding the serious
interruptions to which we were subjected on account of sickness of pupils, officers and
teachers. The pupils of every class at the close of the term gave evidence of having been
thoroughly and conscientiously taught. The e.xamination papers were sent to the
parents and they were satisfied with the progress made by their children. We have
several grades of intellect to deal with : bright, dull and stupid, but all were improved,
more or less, according to their individual capacity. We still work on the lines of the
Combined System, as being the most applicable and efficient for the greatest number.
The Object aimed at.
The deaf are deficient in language, and this is the first and most important question
to be considered in connection with their education. Ideas must precede words. We
crive a deaf child an idea, by presenting an object or describing an action, and then teach
ft how to express that idea in words. To vary the illustration — we try to impress a
i)icture on the child's mind, and then Lave it give a simple description of that picture.
The task is more or less difficult according to age and experience. With beginners, a few
words of monosyllabic form may suffice, while older and more advanced pupils will
employ sentences. All subjects taught in our classes are made subservient to the one
main object — an acquirement of language. Only those who have had some experience
know how difficult the task is. The means employed to accomplish this purpose are not
defined by any particular rules. It is true that experience has shown what systems have
resulted most satisfactory, but much depends on individual capacity and tact. Teachers
varv in their methods, but all aim at the same object — the development of thought and
use of words to express thoughts. A deaf child has no conception of sound, and cannot
rea.son from analogous principles. This accounts for the frequent " mutisms," so called,
that are met with in their compositions. When we consider the idiomatic character of
our language, and how many difficulties are encountered by the most favored students
who seek a knowledge of its forms, we can find an excuse for failures by the deaf. It
is really a wonder that they do not blunder more frequently and seriously than they do.
We also recognize the fact, that in future life our students must come in contract with,
and make use of, the varied business and social expressions that form so large a part of
our common vocabulary. To familiarize them with this kind of language is another and
important responsibility devolving upon teachers of the deaf. It is a responsibility quite
distinct from that of teaching a simple expression of thought. In order that it may be
well performed there should be facilities for demonstrating all that is taught. For
instance, the teacher should be provided with a large and varied assortment of articles
commonly employed in trade and business. It is sometimes necessary to turn the school
room into a store or shop, and have the actual transaction performed, in order to give the
pupils a correct idea of wliat is meant. In the absence of suitable aids teachers have to
resort to all kinds of devices in the form of language lessons. They present the facts in
skeleton forms and the pupils fill in what is omittcMl, to test their knowledge of the
transactions. We have recently added a selection of objects for the use of our Uiachers
and the walls of a iiuiiiber of tlie schoolrooms are adorned with pictorial repn^seutations
10
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8) A. 1891
of the tools, etc. employed in various trades ; of the domestic and wild animals and of
articles in every day use, many of whicij are unattainable in object forms. We hope to
increase this feature of our mode of imparting instruction from year to year until we
shall have a complete repository of everything that can be of any use to us in our work.
We feel that excellent results have been achiered by well-directed labor in the past, but
we are striving for even better results in the future. We feel proud of the greater pro-
portion of our pupils who have left us after a few years instruction, and of the creditable
records they are winning in the race of life. What they have accomplished and are now
accomplishing, in the performance of life's varied duties, attest the merits of our system
of instruction ; they are quite able to compete in the general struggle for supremacy
and succeed more often than they fail. When they attain such success as to stand on
their merits on the same plane as their more favored, because hearing competitors, the
object we have in view is accomplished, our expectations are realized, and we are inspired
with increased zeal for the work and bright hopes for the happiness and prosperity of our
-deaf children.
Not an Asylum.
I have heretofore mildly protested against the classification of this Institution. It
is, in every respect, a school, where a practical system of education is adopted, and where
the pupils are trained in scholastic and industrial pursuits. It is in no sense a charitible
institution, neither is it an asylum. Should it not, therefore, be placed where it properly
belongs — under the Educational Department of the government 1 We think we have
the same right to such a classification as the Agricultural College or Upper Canada
College. It is because we are sensitive of the inferior status accorded us by the present
arrangements, and the inconsistent interpretation placed upon our work and merits that
I suggest a change. We want to be recognized as a school, and not as a prison or chari-
table institution. Such a recognition would give us a higher and certainly a more
reasonable status among similar institutions of this and other countries.
Better Accommodation Needed.
For some time we have felt the need of more room and greater convenience for
teachers and pupils, and the increased attendance this session again directs special atten-
tion to the matter. A number of our class-rooms are too small, and the general arrange-
ments are such as to militate considerably against the efficiency of the work done or
attempted to be done. The accommodation at present is not inadequate to the require-
ments of the school, and I would earnestly recommend that provision be made as soon
as possible for the erection of a new and improved school building. It is c^uite probable
that the attendance of pupils will increase in the future, and as now circumstanced we
are unable to provide for their proper classification and instruction. We also need a
larger and better lighted chapel. The room now used for devotional and congregational
purposes is small, inconvenient and gloomy. There is no chance for platform displays,
and when the weather is unfavorable the light is altogether insufiicient for the purposes
of illustration and instruction. The deaf receive amusement and information through the
medium of sight only. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary that they should have every
facility for seeing plainly what the teacher or lecturer presents by signs or the manual
alphabet. Our dormitory accommodation is also limited, every room being crowded to
its utmost capacity ; in fact, they are too crowded for health.
The Toronto Convention.
The third bi-ennial meeting of the Ontario Deaf-Mute Association was held in the
Y. M. C. A. building, Toronto, on the 21st, 23rd and 24:th of last June. Appropriate
religious services were conducted on Sunday, the 22nd, which proved highly interesting
and beneficial to those who attended. This Association was organized six years a^o in
Toronto, with the expressed object of contributing by essays and discussions to the moral
social and intellectual advancement of deaf-mutes residing in Ontario. It was ascertained
2 (D.) 17
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
that graduates of the Institution, possessing a fair knowledge of life's duties, and a keen
interest in whatever pertains to their welfare generally, became discontented and retro-
graded in knowledge, owing to their unfavorable environments. Many of them were so
circumstanced that they found few associates capable of interesting thera in general con-
versation and this greatly retarded their material prosperity and happiness. It was,
therefore, resolved to dn something with a view of lesst-ning the danger of retrogression
in those qualities of head and heart that their schooling had developed. The regular
convention is now looked .forward to with much interest and demonstrations of
pleasure. It aftbrds an excellent opportunity for former class-mates and associates to
renew old friend-ships and brighten tlieir ideas by mutual interchange of thought and
feelin" The late convention was highly successful in every particular. About two
hundred deaf-mutes, many of them coming from remote sections of the province, were in
attendance. I was most favorably impressed by the appearance and general deportment
of the members. They were all intelligent looking, well-dressed, and seemed to be supplied
with a sutficiency of money for all necessary purposes. This fact was the best
recommendation of our system of education, as it demonstrated most effectively the
practical value of the instruction im))arted in our classes. These deaf persons, most
of them unable to articulate a ward, are so qualified that they can, in competition with
others more favored, find remunerative employment in the trades and pursuits of life. A
number of papers were read which evoked spirited and intelligent discussion. It was
decided to hold the next convention during the summer of 1893, and I hope the
government will accede to the generally expressed wish of the members that the meeting
be allowed to take place at the Institution.
The New York Convention.
The twelfth convention of American Instructors of the Deaf was held in the
institution New York City, August 23rd to 27th. The attendance exceeded four
hundred and the proceedings were highly interesting and instructive. A number of the
teachers and officers of our institution were present and greatly enjoyed the meetings.
With the most commendable liberality the authorities of the New York Institution
entertained all the delegates during the continuance of the convention. The oldest, ablest
and most experienced teachers of the deaf in the United States took part in the proceedings,
and we returned with enlarged ideas of the work in which we are engaged. Some forty
papers, covering as many different subjects of interest to the deaf and their teachers were
presented and discussed. Such a meeting and its results, must be convincing testimony
of the excellence of the system of deaf-mute instruction that finds favor on this continent.
This institution was honored by my selection as one of the Standing Executive Committee
of American Instructors of the Deaf.
Our Industries.
The shoe-shop is our best department for industrial training. Every year three or
four lads leave with a thorough knowledge of the trade and are able to make a comfort-
able living for themselves working for employers and quite a number of our old boys are
carrying on l)u.siness for themselves. The quality of the work turned out has been up to
the u.sual standard of excellence, no poor articles being allowed to leave the shop. The
boys in the carpenter shop learn to handle tools and do odd jobs in that line. The girls
get a "ood knowledge of tailoring, dressmaking, plain sewing, the use of sewing machines and
mendTng. We have made no advance for some years hi providing industrial training for
our advanced pupils. Improvements in this direction might be made with great advan-
tage to those placed under our charge.
Food Sui'I'lied to Pupils.
1 have been asked about the (piality and <|uantity of food supplied to our pupils.
Some persons are under the impression that we give them i)Oor-housc fare, but such i»
18
.')t Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
not the case. Our contracts call for well-fed beef and mutton, the best strong bakers
Hour and we purchase creamery butter. We have plenty of milk, especially for the
younger children. Every article bought is as good as can be had in the market —
unsuitable articles are not received. We make our own bread and the cooking is equal
to the Viest owing to our having approved steam appliances for doing it. Every child
gets all it wants to eat ; theie is no stinting. Many children come to us pinched, pale
and thin and in a short time they are plump, rosy, fat and hearty. Plain, substantial
food, regular hours and godd care tend to keep them in perfect healrii and the better
prepared to receive and profit by instruction. The foUovv-ing was our diet list for the
last week in September ; —
Monday.
Breakfast. — Porridge, milk, syrup, bread, butter and tea.
Dinner. — Roast beef and mutton, potatoes, turnips, gravy, bread. Milk for the
small children.
Tea. — Bread, butter, fresh scons, syrup, tea, milk.
Tuesday.
Breakfast. — Hash of potatoes and meat, bread, butter, tea, milk.
Dinner. — Pork and beans, potatoes, gravy, bread. Milk for little ones.
Tea. — Bread, butter, apples, tea, milk.
Wednesday.
Breakfast. — Porridge, milk, syrup, bread, butter, coffee.
Dinner. — Salmon, potatoes, beets, bread, rice pudding and milk.
Tea. — Honey, bath buns, bread, butter, tea, milk.
Thursday.
Breakfast. — Hash of meat and potatoes, bread butter, tea, milk.
Dinner. — Stew with crust, carrots, potatoes, bread.
Tea. — Bread, butter, apples, tea, milk.
Friday.
Breakfast. — Porridge, milk, syrup, bread, butter, coffee.
Dinner. — Fresh fish, potatoes, bread, butter, pium-pudding and sauce.
Tea. — Bread, fresh rusks, butter, prunes, tea, milk.
Saturday.
Breakfast. — Porridge, milk, syrup, bread, butter, tea.
Dinner. — Soup, roast beef and mutton, potatoes, cabbage, bread.
Tea. — Bread, butter, apples, tea, milk.
Suiiday.
Breakfast. — Hash of meat and potatoes, bread, butter, cofiee and milk.
Dinner. — Eoast beef and mutton, potatoes, squash, bread, gravy, corn-starch pud-
ding and milk.
Tea. — Bread, butter, preserves, ginger cakes, tea, milk.
The vegetables, fruit and puddings are varied as much as possible and accordin<y to
tlie season.
19
o4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
Cost per Year per Pupil ix Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb.
The following statement is made up from returns of Superintendents of Institutions
for the Deaf and Dumb in America to December 1st, 1889 :
Names of Institutions.
New York Institution
Pennsylvania " Philadelphia
Kentucky
Ohio
Virginia
Indiana
North Carolina
Illinois
Missouri
Wisconsin
Michigan
Iowa
Texas "
Alabama "
California "
Kansas "
St. Mary's "
Minnesota "
N. Y. Institution for Improved Instruction
Clark Institution, Binghamton
Maryland Institution
Nebraska "
St. Joseph's Institution, Fordham, N. Y
West Virginia School
Oregon Institution
Colorado Institution
Central New York Institution
Western Pennsylvania
Western New York
Northern New York
Tf'xac Institution for colored mutes
Belleville Institution for year ending September 30th, 1890.
20
Average
No. Pupils.
Cost
Per Capita.
312
436
lf)8
404
95
300
116
501
258
183
296
270
159
81
132
218
142
187
185
103
93
98
261
03
28
67
144
171
150
74
30
246
236 01
199 09
182 62
375 77
183 33
318 96
192 02
183 13
218 57
192 56
222 22
199 40
241 66
357 89
211 00
206 76
188 90
214 58
306 00
248 00
244 89
219 60
407 15
214 21
432 CI
271 11
187 25
237 50
2S2 79
31(i 6(5
165 66
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
It will be seen from the foregoing statement that the cost per pupil in our institu-
tion is less than in any of those mentioned. I do not think the fact of our being the
lowest is anything to our credit as the saving is in the fewer teachers employed in propor-
tion to the number of our scholars and lack of appliances and instructors for industrial
training, and in addition the low range of salaries paid to our teachers as compared with
the remuneration received by teachers in other institutions. To meet the popular
demand we ought to have one or two additional teachers of articulation, also a Kinder-
garten department and an instructor of calisthenics. Where there are 256 children it
is not, I submit, too much to expect that a properly trained hospital nurse be employed.
The rate is somewhat lower than it was last year partly on account of the increased
number of pupils. An expenditure of 6200.00 per pupil, per year, would place our
institution in the front rank of institutions in America.
Sickness during the Year.
During the year we passed through a most critical period in the history of the Insti
tution. Following an epidemic of measles, of which we had 97 cases, la grippe made its
appearance and claimed as victims 157 pupils, 12 teachers, several officers, and 12 domes-
tic servants. Counting all those who were ill of measles and la grippe in the institution
and on the grounds, the number totalled up to nearly 300 cases from the 1st of December,
1889, to February 1st, 1890. This state of affairs was a very unusual one for us, as the
members of our large family enjoyed good health for several years. For weeks and weeks
at a time there were no sick ones, and the hospitals were unoccupied for two sessions.
Teachers, officers and employees stood at their posts until compelled to leave them on
account of illness, and extra help in the domestic department only added to the number
of sick ones to be attended to. That all recovered except two, under the circumstances,
is cause for heartfelt thankfulness, and our regret is that even one should have died.
Mary Munro, 18 years of age, a pupil who had a weakly constitution, after an illness of
seven days, succumbed to cerebro menigitis, brought on by la grippe. Her friends were
notified, and her sister was with her to the last. If loving care or medical skill could
have saved Mary she would be with us yet, but it was otherwise ordained by a higher
power. She was always a good girl, and is no doubt in a happier place, for which she
was well prepared. Every person connected with the institution did his and her duty
faithfully. The physician was prompt and attentive ; the matron and the boys' super-
visor nearly wore themselves out in their efforts to alleviate distress. I cannot commend
too highly the services of the trained nurses kindly sent us by Miss HoUingsworth, the
lady superintendent of the Marine and General Hospital, St. Catharines. Miss Steers,
one week ; Miss Simpson, two weeks ; Miss Lowe and Miss Nichol, six weeks each,
devoted themselves entirely to their work of nursing, and gave entire satisfaction. For
18 hours out of the 24 in each day they were at the bed sides of the sick, ministering to
their every want. Without their aid we would have been ia a sad plight. We are also
under obligations to Miss Lake, of Belleville, for efficient services freely given prior to
our getting our hospital arrangements completed. In Api'il a little lad from Ottawa
named Hugh Tanner, was affected with a wasting constitutional disease, brought on by
la grippe, and notwithstanding the best of medical skill and careful nursing, succumbed to
the malady after a long illness of eleven weeks. His parents had our sincere sympathy
in their bereavement.
The institution sustained a severe loss by the death of Mr, Samuel T. Greene, one
of the first teachers employed at its opening, twenty years ago. He was injured in Feb-
ruary last by being thrown from an ice-boat, and only survived two weeks thereafter.
His death cast a gloom over every person connected with the Institution, as he was beloved
by young and old. Mr. Greene was a well educated and thoroughly conscientious teacher,
an accomplished sign-maker, and a true gentleman. Being a mute he sympathized with
those afflicted like himself, and did everything in his power to advance their interests. He
was loyal to the institution, and felt a pride in our success. His old pupils and friends
have contributed liberally for the erection of a monument to his memory in the Belleville
cemetery, and it will be unveiled in a few weeks. Peace to his ashes.
21
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8.
A. 1891
Xew Officers axd Teachers.
Miss I. Walker, assistant matron of the Kingston asylum, came to us when Mrs.
Craisr was transferred to Guelph in October last year. Miss Walker entered heartily
into her new work, and from the training she had in other institutions, has discharged
her duties in the most satisfactory manner.
In place of the late Mr. Greene, Mr. J. 0. Balis, B. A., a graduate of the National Deaf
Mute College, and a teacher of thirteen years' experience, has been engaged, and will enter
upon his duties in a few days. Mrs. Sylvia L. Balis, also an experienced teacher, came
to-day, and is to begin teaching to-morrow. Mr. and Mrs. Balis are earnest labourers
in a good cause, and, I feel assured, will be worthy associates for our present
excellent staff.
Newspapers Received.
Publishers of the newspapers hereunder named have very kindly sent their publications
to the reading room of the institntion free of charge, for which I, on their behalf return
thanks.
Name.
Wherk Published.
Evening Times Hamilton.
Economist Shelburne.
Express Colborne.
Daily Advertiser London.
Daily Free Press. Winnipeg.
Daily News Kingston.
Free Press. 1 Acton.
Guardian .' lUxbridge.
Mercury Renfrew.
Western Despatch iStrathroy.
Chronicle
Monitor .
IngersoU.
Brockville.
Weekly Mercury Guelph.
Examiner Peterboro'.
Gazette Almonte.
Obsen-er Pembroke.
Post ....[Thorold.
.Spectator j Hamrlton.
Niagara Review | Niagara.
Reporter jKingsville.
Banner Dundas.
Enterprise ;Collingwo()d.
Guide and News iPort Hope.
Independent Forester London.
Dominion Churchman Toronto.
Courier Trenton.
Ncrth HaslingH Review Madoc.
Trent Valley Advoc»t« iTrenton.
Name.
Where PuBLisHEn
Rural Canadian
Standard
Tribune
Telegraph
Herald
Leader
Echo
Northumberland Enterprise
Tribune
Norfolk Reformer
Enterprise .
Ensign
Courier
Advertiser ....
Chronicle
Sentinel Review j Woodstock.
Courier lEmbro.
Toronto.
Markdale.
Deseronto.
Palmerston.
Carleton Place.
Tara.
London.
Colborne.
Winnipeg and Man.
Simcoe.
Arthur.
Brightun.
Pirth.
Petrolia.
jBeeton.
Mirror . .
Monitor
Meaford.
Meaford.
Star . . Goderich.
Herald Campbellford.
Weekly Sentinel Port Artliur.
Mutes' Journal Omaha, Neb.
Deaf-Muto Mirror [Flint, Mich.
Goodson Gazette Stanton, Va.
Kentucky Deaf-Mute L)anvil]e, Ky.
Index Colorado Spr'gH, Cal.
Star 'Oiatha, Kan.
22
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A 1891
Newspapers Received, — Continued.
Name.
Where Published.
Name.
Where Published.
■Companion
Deaf -Mute Advance
Fairbault, Kan.
Jacksonville, 111.
Austin, Texas.
Delavan, Wis.
Columbus, Ohio.
Frederick City, Ind.
Romney, West Va.
Fulton, Mo.
Council Bluffs, la.
Optic
Little Rock, Ark.
Daily Paper for Our Little
People
Register
Deaf- Mute Ranger
Deaf-Mute Times
Rochester, N. Y.
Rome.
[Journal
New York.
|Silent World
Voice
The Sign
Philadelphia.
Maryland Bulletin
Tablet
Jackson, Miss.
Salem, Oregon.
Deaf-Mute Record
Silent Observer
Silent Worker
Knoxville, Tenn.
Trenton, New Jersey.
In addition to the regular religious exercises conducted by officers of the institution
the spiritual wants of the pupils have been looked after by the following reverend gentlemen
during the year at stated times : Rev. Canon Burke, Rev. Dr. George, Right Rev.
Monseigncr Farrelley, Father Connelley, Rev. Mr. Hodson and Rev. D. Mihell. Pupils
Jiave shown their knowledge of and interest in religious matters during the term, either
by the desire or consent of their parents, by joining the Episcopal, Roman Catholic and
Presbyterian communions, If there is one reverend gentleman more than another who
has evinced a. deep and abiding interest in the spiritual welfare of the children attached
to his church, for many years past, it is the Rev. Canon Burke. He has regular times
to visit us and we may be sure he will be here, rain or shine, at the time appointed if he
is at home ; if absent a note is forwarded explaining the cause of his detention. His
-conscientious ministrations have been the means of doing much good among the children.
Twenty-five prizes were awarded our gardener for fruits, flowers and plants at the
late Bay of Quinte show.
Our potato crop is short again this year owing to the unfavorable season. Of hay
and late root crops we have a better return than usual.
It is a pleasure to bear testimony to the zeal with which officers and teachers
discharged their duties last year. Where all did so well it would be invidious to
particularize.
The members of the drawing class are making satisfactory progress in that branch
of art. The fancy work class is very popular with the girls of all ages and the specimens
of fancy articles turned out are creditable to the pupils.
We are under renewed obligations to the Grand Trunk, Canadian Pacific and Central
-Ontario Railways for reduced fare tickets for our pupils going to and returning from
their homes during the vacation.
The statistical tables required are herewith annexed.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
R. MATHISOX,
Superintendent.
23
o-i Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
NATIONALITY OF PARENTS.
A. 1891
Name.
No.
Canada
Ireland
Scotland . . .
England . . .
154
31
29
32
Name.
No.
Italy j 1
Gei-niany I 12
Unknown 32
Total I 291
RELIGION OF PARENTS.
Name.
Presbyterians . . .
Methodists
Church of England
Roman Catholic . .
Baptist
Pibl3 Christian . . .
Lutheran
No.
Name.
09
75
60
51 i
19
3
3
Evangelical German,
Mennonites
United Brethren . .
Church of Christ . . .
Congregational
Unknown
T Jtal
No.
1
3
1
3-
1
2
291
OCCUPATION OF PARENTS.
(JCCUl'ATION.
AgentH .
Axemakern
BlackamithM . .
Bookkeeper!' .
Brewer
lintchers
BraHc Finisher.
No.
3
2
'•• I
I
2 I
1 I
I
2
1 i
Occupation.
Builder
Banker
Boardinghoufio Keeper.
Barber
Carpenters
Clerks
Conductors
No.
1
1
1
1
12
2
3-
24
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
OCCUPATION OF FARENT^.— Continued.
Occupation
Carters
Currier
Cheesemaker
Cooper
Charrwoman
Dressmaker
Druggist
Engineer
Expressman
Drayman
Farmers
Grucers
Harnessmaker
Gardener
Hotel-keeper
Lumberman
Laborer
Livery proprietor .
Mechanic
Machinist
Mason
No.
Occupation.
1
1
3
2
1
119
4
1
2
2
2
62
1
Housekeeper
Merchants ,
Moulder
Physician
Painter
Plasterer
Second-hand dealer.
Sailor
Shoemaker
Switchman
Tailor
Teacher
Watchmaker
Waggonmaker
Washerwoman
Watchman
Steamfitter
Plate-driller
Unknown
No.
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
291
AGE OF PUPILS.
Age.
No.
Age.
No.
Age.
No.
7
19
14
25
1
21
5
8
23
14
15
16
20
18
22
23
5
9
3
10
19
17
27
24
2
11
24
18
21
26
2
12
16
23
19
20
18
6
28
1
13
291
25
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
COUNTIES FROM WHICH PUPILS DURING THE YEAR CAME.
Counties.
No.
Counties.
No.
2
6
10
2
23
1
4
1
8 !
12
3
8
1
5
14 1
10
i
11
10
8
8
7 1
1
2
,4 1
Muskoka
Monck
4
1
Norfolk
8
Northumberland
6
Carleton .
Dufiferin
Ontario
Oxford
Peel
10
2
Elgin
Perth
0
Peterborough
2
Prescott and Russell
Grey
Prince Edward
2
Renfrew
7
Halton .
Simcoe
12
Hastings
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Victoria
9
«
Kent
Waterloo . .
(i
Welland
4
Wellington .
7
Wentworth
«)
York
19
Total
Middlesex
'2<»1
TOTAL NUMBER 3F PUPILS IN ATTENDANCE FOR THE SESSION 1889-90.
Males '^^^
Females 132
Total 291
2G
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers No. 8).
A. 1891
COUNTIES FROM WHICH THE PUPILS IN RESIDENCE ON SOth SEPT. 1890 WERE
ORIGINALLY RECEIVED.
COfNTIES.
Brant
Bruce
Cornwall
Carleton
Durham
Dufiferin
Elgin
Essex
Frontenac
Grey
Halton
Haldimand
Hastings
Huron
Kent
Lambton
Lanark
Leeds and Grenville
Lennox and Addington.
Lincoln
Monck
Middlesex
Male.
4
4
2
11
2
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
*J
4
5
4
4
6
1
Female.
Total.
1
5
3
7
2
7
18
2
4
1
3
6
6
9
1
3
6
8
4
5
2
6
15
5
9
6
11
4
8
4
8
1
7
6
7
1
1
1
1
1
3
Counties.
Male.
Norfolk
Northumberland
Ontario
Oxford
Peel
Perth
Peterborough
Prescott and Russell . . .
Prince Edward
Renfrew
Simcoe
Storm ont, Dundas and
Glengarry
Victoria
Waterloo
Welland
Wellington
Wentworth
York
Muskoka District
Algoma District .
6
2
3
6
1
3
1
6
2
3
4
7
2
1
1
2
6
10
2
1
Female.
141
114
Total.
7
4
6
10
2
.5
1
7
2
6
8
9
6
4
3
.5
9
16
4
1
255
27
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
NUMBER OF PUPILS IN ATTENDANCE EACH OFFICIAL YEAR SINCE THE OPENING
OF THE INSTITUTION.
From October 27th, 1870, to September 30th, 1871 .
1st, 1871,
1872,
1873,
1874,
1875,
1876,
1877,
1878,
1879,
1880,
1881,
1882,
1883,
1884,
1885,
1886,
1887,
1888,
1889,
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879 ....
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884 ...
1885 ....
1886 ....
1887
1888
1889
1890
Total.
100
149
193
221
238
256
271
277
2(>9-
281
296
303
293
286
284
273;
264-
265
274
291
COUNTIES FROM WHICH THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PUPILS WERE RECEIVED.
ConNTIES.
Algoma District
Bothwell
Brant
Bruce
Carleton
Duff<rin
Durham
KIgin
Male.
Female.
Total.
1
1
2
1
1
16
7
23
17
10
27
2(5
12
38
2
2
13
7
20
9
9
18 !
CotlNTIKS.
Kp8('.\
Frontenac .
Grey
Haldimand
Halton . . .
Hastinf^H .
Huron , . . .
Kent
1
Male.
Female.
7
1
1
14
21
16
(•
1
:<
s j
22
16
26
23
16
12
Total,
21
15
37
7
11
38
49
2K
2H
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
COUNTIES FROM WHICH THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PUPILS, Etc.— Continued.
Counties.
Lambton
Lanark
Leeds
Grenville
Lennox
Addington
Lincoln
Middlesex
Norfolk
Northumberland .
Monck
Ontario
Oxford
Peel
Perth
Peterborough . . .
Prescott
Russell
Male.
15
9
9
5
4
1
3
26
13
8
1
17
12
5
23
11
5
7
Female.
Total.
7
22
7
16
4
13
1
6
8
12
1
2
5
8
16
42
7
20
11
19
1
7
24
10
22
3
8
13
36
2 ,
13
1
6
4
11
Counties.
Prince Edward . . .
Renfrew
Simcoe
Stormont
Dundas
Glengarry
Victoria
Waterloo
Welland
Wellington
Wentworth
York
Muskoka District.
Nipissing "
Parry Sound "
New Brunswick . .
Total.
Male.
4
9
16
8
5
5
4
11
5
16
21
30
5
1
1
2
Female.
1
8
16
4
3
1
6
13
4
15
7
26
6
Total.
5
17
32
12
8
6
10
24
9
31
28
56
11
1
2
2
872
OCCUPATION OF PARENTS OF PUPILS ADMITTED SINCE THE OPENING OF THE
INSTITUTION.
Occupation.
Accountant
Agent
Axe-maker
Baggageman
Baker
Barrister
Blacksmith
Boarding-house keeper
Barber
No.
2
4
2
1
3
1
21
1
1
Occupation.
Boiler-maker
Book-keeper
Brakesman . .
Bricklayer . .
Butcher ....
Brick-maker
Brewer
Builder
Banker
No.
29
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
OCCUPATION OF PARENTS OF PUPILS ADMITTED, Etc.— Continued.
Occupation.
Brass finisher
Carter
Cabdriver
Cabinet-maker
Captain of schooner
Carder
Car inspector
Carpenter
Carriage-maker
Cheese maker
Civil Service
Clerk
Conductor, railway
Cigar-maker
Cooper
Currier
Charwoman
Dealer in hides
Drayman
Dress-maker
Doctor
Engineer
Engineer, railway
Farmer
Fire insurance inspector
Fisherman
'irocer
(iaoler
Gardener
(iunamith
HameHH-maker
HouHekeeper
Iron-maker
Kcj-\>*-r of park
Ijabdtet
No.
Occupation.
2
2
1
1
1
28
5
1
1
?,
3
1
4
5
1
1
4
3
2
3
3
386
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
165
Livery proprietor
Machinist
Lumberman
Malster
Marble-cutter
Mason
Manufacturer agricultural implements.
Mechanic
Merchant
Miller
Millwright
Miner
Minister
Moulder
Non-commissioned officer
Nurseryman
Painter
Pedler
Steam-litter
Shoe-maker
Stage-driver
SAvitchman
Tailor
Tavern-keeper
Teacher . .
Teamster
Trader
Weaver
Watchman
Watch-maker
Waggon-maker
Waslier-woman
Unknown
Total.
No.
»
5
1
2
5
2
2
15^
S^
2
1
1
2
1
1
9^
1
1
5
1
1
ti
9
8
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
82
872
30
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A, 1891
AGES OF PUPILS ADMITTED SINCE THE OPENING OF THE INSTITUTION.
Ages.
No.
Ages.
No.
Ages.
No.
4
1
24
14
42
54
23
24
R
G
15
5
112
109
16
17
35
36
25
26
6
8.;
5
9
95
18
33
27
3
10
58
19
24
30
1
11
(i7
20
15
36
1
12
56
51
21
22
9
11
Unknown
Total
13
13
872
CAUSES OF DEAFNESS.
Causes.
Abscess
Accident
Affection of the ears
Bronchitis
Burns
Catarrh
Canker
Cerebro spinal meningitis
Cholera
Cold
Congenital
Congestion of the brain .
Diphtheria
Dysentery
Falls
Fever, bilious ,
" brain
" intermittent
'■ scarlet
' ' spinal
No.
2
r,
3
1
1
2
1
20
1
36
342
7
3
1
17
4
24
2
65
19
CAUSES.
Fever, malarial
" typhus
" typhoid
" undefined
Fits
Gathering of the ears
" " head
Inflammation of the brain
" " ears
" lungs
" pulmonary organs
" spinal marrow ....
Measles
Mumps
Paralytic stroke
Rickets
Scabs
Scald
Scald head
Shocks
31
64 Victoria,
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
CAUSES OF DEArNESS.-Con«m«C(/.
Causks.
Sickness, undefined
Spinal disease
Swelling on the neck
Teething
Water on the brain
Whooping-cough
No.
25
42
1
11
6
10
Causes.
Worms .
Causes unknown or undefined
Sunstroke
Vaccination
Total....
No.
4
105
1
1
872
DATE OF DEAFNESS AFTER BIRTH.
No.
No
XTnder 1 year of ag'p
78
100
89
52
33
24
13
9
3
8
Between 10 and i\ years
11 " 12 "
5
2
" 2 "3 "
" 12 " 13 " .
2
" 3 '• 4 ••
" 13 " 14 "
4
" 4 "5 "
14 " 15 "
j Unknown at what age they lost their hear-
2
" 5 " 6 "
106
6 "7 "
Congenital
" 7 " 8 "
342
11 Q << n 41
Total
" 9 »' 10 "
872
RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS.
1st cfcusins
2nd "
3rd "
Distantly related .
Not related
Unknown
54
17
14
20
742
25
Total S72
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
COUNTIES FROM WHICH THE PUPILS IN RESIDENCE DURING THE YEAR UP TO
aOiH SEPTEMBER, 1890, WERE ORIGINALLY RECEIVED.
Counties.
Male.
Female .
2
4
9
2
4
6
1
6
4
5
6
5
1
6
1
2
1
Total.
Counties.
Male.
Female .
Total.
B' ant
B'uce
4
5
14
2
2
1
4
6
2
2
1
1
8
4
6
4
3
7
1
6
9
23
2
4
1
8
12
3
1
8
1
5
15 1
1
10
11
10
8
8
7
1
4
8
Northumberland
3
3
1
3
4
1
2
1
3
8
2
4
3
2
5
3
6
2
1
tj
1
Carleton ....
Ontario
Oxford
3
6
1
3
2
G
2
4
4
7
2
3
1
3
7
13
2
1
6
10
Durham
Dutterin
Peel
Perth
Peterborough
Prescott and Rvissell
Prince Edward
2
5
Elgin
Essex
2
2
Grey
Renfrew
12
Halton
Stormont, Dundas and
Glengarry
9
Hastings
6
Huron
Kent
Lambton
Lanark
Waterloo
Welland
Wellington
Wentworth
0
3
8
10
Leed.s and Grenviile
York
19
Lennox and Addington . .
Monck
Muskoka District . .
1 Algoma District
I
Total
4
Middlesex
•>
7
2
159
132
291
NUMBER OF DEAF-MUTE FAMILIES REPRESENTED
1 family contained 5 mutes
5 families
10 '•
707
Total.
20
30
110
707
872
o (D.)
33
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
UOVERNMKNT INSPECTOR
R. 0HRI8T1E.
Officers of the Institution.
R. Mathison K^uperinteiruhnt.
A. Livingstone Bursar.
J. B. Murphy, M.D Physician.
Miss Isabel Walker Mutron.
Teach krs :
D. R. Coleman, M. A Head Teacher.
P. L)ENYS.
J. B. Ashley.
James C. Balis, B.A.
I). J. McKlLLOP.
D. M. Beaton.
James Hadden. Monitor.
Mrs. J. G. Terril,
Miss S. Templeton.
Miss H. M. Ostrom.
Miss Mary Bull.
Miss Florence Maybee.
Mrs Sylvia L. Balis.
Miss Nathalie L'Hkrault, Munitv
Miss Annir Mathisox Teacher of Artirnlation.
Mih'8 Mary Bull Teacher of Fancy War/:.
Tames Hadden Teacher of Dravring.
1. G. Smith Clerk and )i>lor''krfper.
Wm. Douolams Sui>ei-m4ior of Boys.
.M iss A. Gallagher /nsfructress of Sevmuf.
J. Mii)DLi;mas Engineer.
M. 0'DoNO<;iiUK Master Cwrfenti>r.
Wm. Nurkk Maater Shoeriiaki'r.
M i< jiAKL O'.M KARA Farmer.
Thomas WiLr.s dnrdmer.
;}4
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No 8). A. 1891
List of Pupils in the Ontario Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb for
the year ending, September ."^Oth, 1890, with* the Post Office address.
Counties. P. 0. Address.
Algoma District —
Joiee, Robt. M Sault Ste. Marie.
Ward, Annie Rat Portage.
Brant —
McKenzie, Hobt. M jSTew Durham.
Pollard, Bertha M Burford.
Simmons, Marshal New Durham.
Smith. Archie V Brantford.
Thomas, Blanche M
Douglas, John A Onandaga.
Bruce —
Burr. Annetta Parkhead.
Barclay. Christie M Allenford.
Gregg, Wm. J. S Port Elgin.
Luddy, David, S Walkerton.
Morgan, Joseph E Kincardine.
McRitchie, Prudence Maple Hill.
Rowe, George Allenford.
Smith, Louisa Parkhead.
Yark, Gustave Cargill
Cornwall —
McDonald, Hugh Harrison's Corners.
McDonald. Ronald
Carhton —
Armstrong, Levi South March.
Baizana, Jean Ottawa.
Borthwiok, Margt "
Delaney, James "
Hunter, Willimenia "
Henault, Charles H "
Hodgins, Michael L ! Diamond.
Montgomery, Harriett Richmond.
O'Brien, Richard Lime Bank.
Lamothe, Clara Ottawa.
Skiffington, Margt "
McGillivray, Angus A Fitzroy Harbor.
Harold, Wm .... Panmuir.
Lett, Thos. B. A Carp.
Lett, Stephen "
Jamieson, Eva Ottawa.
Lemadeleine, Jose "
Tanner, Hugh J "
Holt, Gertrude "
Cyr, Thomas
Jobin, Edward "
McBride, Annie J Kinburn.
Patrick, John Carp.
35
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Counties.' P. O. Appress.
Dufferin —
Brown, Wilson Reading
Durham-
Ballagh, Winnie . Starkville.
Coolidge, Herbert Hampton.
Justus, Mary A Bethany.
McOulloch, John A Enfield
Elgin-
Blue, Duncan Button.
Dewar, Aggie St. Thomas.
Eames, Ina Fay
Henderson, Jonathan Talbot ville.
Hesner, Jacob Eagle.
McMillan, Flora Dutton.
Phillimore, Margt Ayliner.
Cornish, William Yarmouth Centre.
Essex-
Ball, Fanny Windsor.
Ball, Mabel
Ball, Eddie "
Bain, Wm
Campbell, Susan "
Jodoin, Noah ''
Kinsman, Dorothy Staples.
Lafferty, Matilda Windsor.
Robson, Joseph Leamington.
Sepner, Albert E Windsor.
Fairbairn, Georgina "
Munro, George R Walkerville.
Frontenac —
Clench, William H Kingston.
Roushorn, Geo. H Perth Road.
Spooner, Agnes E Glenburnie.
drey —
Andrews, Maud Owon Sound.
Calvert, Francis Horning Mills.
Carson, Hugh Meaford.
Coutts, Marg't Dnnkalk.
Moote, A. E Ow.^n Sound.
Skinner, Esther E North Keppell.
WilKon, Elizabeth Yeovil.
Df^war, Jessie Owen Sound.
Ilnldimand —
Armstrong, A. E .Iar\ is.
36
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Counties. ^ ^- Aodress.
Halton —
Cunningham. May A OakyiUe.
Gilleland, Annie
Gillam, Christopher Bronte.
Smith, Maggie Acton.
Smye, Agnes M Mountsburg.
Hastings —
Butler, Annie Sine.
Blackburn, Annie M Coe Hill Mines.
Beatty, Donella • Melrose.
Holton, Charles McK Belleville.
Irvine, Eva G
Irvine, Ethel
King, John Ne^^' Carlow.
King, Robert
Kavanagb, Matthew Bancroft.
Keiser, Benjamin A Belleville.
Robinson, Maggie
Swanson, Alexander
Wiley, Edith A Marmora.
Young, John W " Madoc.
Vance, James H Bancroft.
Huron —
Burtch, Francis Gorrie.
Black, Newton Dungannon.
Gumming, Lilly Melbuin.
Hayward, Mary Clinton.
Hoggard, Hepzabeth Londesborough,
Leigh, Martha Port Albert.
Pettypiece, Lovilla . . • • • Wmgham.
Smalldon, John Cranbrook.
Thompson, Mabel W Dungannon.
Wood, Nelson Exeter
Kent —
Oartier, Melvin Chatham.
Campbell, Marion
Crosby, Eliza Eberts.
Fisher, John F Chatham.
Henry Geo
Lynch, Martha
Thompson, William Thamesville.
Lequiile, Marie Chatham.
Simard, Emile Big Po»nt.
Ducedre, .lules
Giroux, Eliza
Lincoln —
Bracken, Sarah M St. Catharines.
37
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). \. 1891
Counties. P. O. Address
Lamhton —
Bloom, Duncan Petrolia.
( Tlass, Tot "
Lucas, Henrietta Mandaniin.
Mitchell. May B . . Sarnia.
McFarland, Aggie Forest.
Steel, Mabel Point Edward.
Steel, Edith
Summers. Thomas W Sarnia^
Turrill. David Florence.
Dudley, Elizabeth , . .• Inwood.
LaiKirIx —
Culligan, Maud Appleton.
< Tardinev, Agnes . Watson's Corners.
Lockhart, Alfred Almonte.
Thackaberry, Wm Caileton Place.
Noonan, Catharine M Harper.
Noonan, Emily W "
Noonan, Michael E "
Noonan, Maggie "
.Leeds and GrenviUe—
Crozier, Fred We.sport.
Beane, Ernest Prescott.
Crowder, Vasco "
Hunt, Francis Rockport.
31urray, Matthew North Augusta.
Newton, .Joseph Portland.
Newton, Agnes ''
Todd, Rich Smith's Falls.
Ijennox and Addington —
Bradshaw, Agnes Harlow.
Grooms. H. M Napanee.
Hill, Florence "
Sager, Mabel M "
Sager, Phifljp A "
Sager, Matilda "
Sager, Harriett "
Monck —
Swayze, Ethel Franconia.
^fiddlesex —
(iould, Will. H Ix)ndon.
Tv^-iithorn, liicliard "
Mclntyre, Eliza '"
Scott, Lizzie Moray.
38
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Counties. P. O. Addhkss.
Muskoka District —
Dickson, George Purbrook.
Hunter, George Burk's Falls.
Hares, Emily AUansville.
Morrison, Dolly Reay.
Norfolk —
Boulby, Culver Simcoe.
Harris, Frank E "
Hodgson, Mabel C "
Chambers, James Silver Hill. •
Kelly, George Glen Meyer.
Lewis, Levi Vannessa.
Mclsaac, John Delhi.
Woodward, Edward St. Williams.
Nortliumherland —
CuUen, A. E Cobourg,
White, Julia Bewdley.
Youngs, Mary Colborne.
Warner, Henry Oastleton.
Lyon, Arthur Campbellford.
Reynolds, Emma Warkworth.
Ontario —
Espin, Chas. E Shirley.
Gilbert, Margt Germania.
James, Eliza Oshawa.
Kirby, Albert ■! "
Munro, Jessie M Ashburn.
Ross, James Bracebridge.
Oxford —
Chantler, James Woodstock.
Chantler, J ohn
Chantler, Thomas •
Chantler, Fanny
Chute, Edwin
McKay, William
Perry, Albert E Innerkip.
Skillings, Ellen Kintore.
Elliott, Cora M IngersoU.
Yack, Lena Tavistock.
Peel—
Beattie, Samuel ^orval.
Knight, Noami Caledon.
Perth —
Kennedy, Margt Mitchell.
Leslie, Edward A Listowell.
Moore, Claudia Sebringville,
McLaren, Thos St. Marys.
Edwards, Stephen Mitchell.
3i)
o4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Counties. P. O. Address.
Pfi terborough —
Isbister, Jno. A Laketield.
Crough, John E Ennismore.
Prescott and Russell —
Herrington. Isa Russell.
Labelle, Noah . . . : "
(-'harbonneau, Leon Lefaivre.
McEwen. Jos. S Billing's Bridge.
Sicard, Moses The Brook.
Forgett, Joseph South Cassehnan.
Forgett, Harmudas "
Prbice Edward —
Davis, Chas Picton.
Minaker, Wm. P
Renfrew —
Brazier, Eunice A Oouibermere.
Frazer, Albert E Pembroke.
Lewis, Caroline "
Meilentz, Chas "
Mick, Jessie Micksburg.
Moore, Wm. H Deux Riviers.
McBride, Hamilton Westmeath.
4>inicoe —
Armstrong, Mary E Oollingwood.
Bass.ett, Sarah Tioga.
Avarell, Sarah Newton Robinson.
Oorbiere, Eli Barrie.
Crosbie, Agnes Lisle.
Johnston, Joseph N Barrie.
Lougheed, Wm. J. S Orillia.
Lennox, David Phelpston.
Morrison, Mary Oollingwood.
Munro, Mary Midhur^t.
O'Neil, Mary Oollingwood.
Wood, Albei ta M Wyevaie.
Storinont, Dundas and Glenyarry —
Benoit, Rosa Crysler.
Baker, Laura Woodlands.
Faubert, Joseph St. IsidoredePrescott
Hanson, Kobt Morrisburg.
Hence, Henry A Sunimerstown.
McDonald, Flora St. Raphael.
liivier. D J Cornwall.
Wright, Thoma.s Newcomb's Milk
Victurvi —
McPherson, Christia Ulenarui.
lleeves, George Lindsay.
Bobinson, Luella Bobcaygeon.
Garden, Elsie "
Wallace, Geo. R Col)oconk.
Klliott, Mabel Fenelon Falls.
40
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
Counties. 1'. O. Address,
Waterloo —
Gardiner, Florence Berlin.
Kahler, Louis Wellesley.
Nahagany, Louisa New Hamburg.
Schwartzentuber, C Petersburg.
Thompson, Albert E (ialt,
Siess, Albert Berlin.
Wetland —
Lentz, Henry Snyder.
Lentz, Catharine "
Young, Sarah Brookfield.
Wt'.llington —
Bridgeford, Geo Havriston.
Brown, Jessie M Mount Forest.
Farrell, Margt Salem.
Mallett, Jose Teviotdale.
Munro, A. G Palmerston.
Wall, Margaret Guelph.
Wall, AVilliam
Howitt, Felicia "
Wentioorth —
Braithwaite, Jno Carluke,
Bryce, William Hamilton.
Clark, Robert W
Goodbrand, James Ancaster.
Hackbusch, Ernest Hamilton.
Nolan, Elizabeth
McPhail, Annie "
Pettitt, Syrian Stoney Creek.
Stenebaugh, Wm Weir.
Warwick, Emily Hamilton.
Major, Edith
York—
Burk, Jennie Toronto.
Carr, Alexander Parkdale.
Clark, Arthur E Aurora.
Grey, William E Toronto.
Grey, William
Hill, Thomas
Hutchinson, Margt
Muckle, Grace '
Muckle, Lizzie
McGregor, Flora
McGillivray, Neil Purpleville.
McGillivray, Mary
O'Rourke, Wm Parkdale,
Riddle, Fred Box Grove.
Lawson, Ernest Toronto.
Speer, Eddie Dovercourt.
Bradshaw, Thomas Toronto.
Lightfoot, Wm
Wilson, Murville
4 (D.) 41
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8).
A. 1891
'aoi)oiu)8ui
p^AiaodJ 8Avq I'B^bj,
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S
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 8). A. 1891
REPORT OF THE PHYSICIAN OF THE INSTITUTION.
Belleville, October 1st, 1890.
R. CiiiusTiE, Esq.,
Inspector of Pri-iom aiui Public Charities.
Sir, — I regret that the past session of the institution has not been marked by the same
immunity from disease and death which characterized so many of its predecessors. In
view, however, of the visitation of the world-wide epidemic " la grippe " which raged
with such virulence and in so many cases proved fatal, we must congratulate ourselves
on the scarcity of deaths in proportion to the number attacked. Previous to the break-
ing out of this epidemic, however, measles made their appearance in December and
before this ailment spent itself, ninety-seven pupils were attacked and several of the
attendants as well. As might be expected, some of the cases were more severe than
others, several patients sutfering the most severe type, but all made a good recovery.
Before the disappeai'ance of the measles, " la grippe " came upon us and in a short time
more than two hundred cases were under treatment. A number of the pupils whose
constitutions had already been enfeebled by the various disorders wliicli produced deaf-
ness, fell easy victims to the influenza and complications which arose in several case&
caused us much anxiety. In all two deaths occurred, in the case of Mary Munro, the
first victim, the disease was complicated by the development of cerebro spinal miningitis
and in a few days terminated fatally. She liad always been a delicate child, but a great
fa^ orite with her companions who regretted the loss of one of the most ))0puJar amongst
them.
Hugh Tanner, the other pupil who succumbed, never fully rallied from the effects of
the influenza. Though his recovery was sufficient to permit of his mingling with his com-
panions and attending class, yet he complained of headache and loss of appetite and
f^radually became weaker until the 21st April, when he was forced to go to bed. A con-
dition of inanition or marasmus supervened and death ensued on the 6th July. The
little fellow was most tenderly cared for during his illness, his mother being with him the
areater part of the time, indeed the length of time through which he was kept alive
almost artitically bears testimony to the solicitude of those in whose charge he was
placed.
The institution as well as the deaf-mutes of the province suffered an almost irrepar-
able loss in the death of their esteemed professor, S. T. Greene, B. A., who died on
February 17th from the effects of an injury sustained on the 3rd ; when steering his ice
boat which was travelling at enormous speed, he was thrown with great violence striking on
his head and sustained a fracture of the base of the skull with extravasation of a con-
siherable quantity of blood on the surface of the brain, which in a short time produced
unconsciousness and paralysis which continued until his death. Dr. Grassett, of Toronto,
.saw him and agreed with me in the belief that operative interference was neither possible
nor justifiable. The pupils of the institution were sad indeed when they learned that
he who had been their model for so long had left them for ever ; and the teachers and
officers, to whom years of pleasant association served to endear him, mourned in his
decease the loss of a genial friend and companion.
My thanks are due to the superintendent for his uniform courtesy and kindness in
extending to me all the aid possible throughout the year and particularly during the
pervalence of the epidemics. The kindness and attention of the matron also, as well as
of Mr. Dougla.s, deserve a hearty acknowledgment, while tlie nurses in charge of the
patients by their carefulness and skill rendered me sul)Stautial assistance during a busy
time. In point of fact the deaf-mutes are to be congratulated upon the privilege enjoyed
in being most tenderly cared for from their entrance into the institution until their
departure.
I ha\ e the honor to be Sir,
Your olif'dient .servant,
.1. K MURPHY, M. i).,
P/iynician.
44
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 8.)
A. 1891
MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES.
The cost of maintaining the Institution cluring the year under lepoit and the
preceding year is shown.
Skrvice.
Medicine and medical comforts
Butchers' meat, fish, poultry
Flour, bread, etc
Butter
(i roceries
Fruit and vegetables
Bedding-, clothing and shoes
Fuel
Gas, oil, etc
Laundry, soap and cleaning
Furniture and furnishings
Farm, garden, feed and fodder
Repairs and alterations
Printing, postage, stationery, advertising.
Books and educational api^liances
Miscellaneous
Salaries and wages
.? c.
173 27
3,809 00
2,125 49
2,445 95
2,546 44
496 48
871 85
3,377 60
1,234 89
311 07
414 78
504 43
1,428 28
874 01
428 68
840 14
19,203 33
Totals.
41,085 69
c. m.
1.4
32.2
17.9
20.6
21.4
4.2
7.4
28.4
10.5
2.6
3.4
4.4
12.1
7.5
3 6
7.0
1.61.9
76
16 70
9 33
10 73
11 17
2 18
3 82
&= s
>; (D S
— ' ^ a
■g t^^
H
li
14 82 !
3.46.0
5 42 I
1 36
1 87
2 21
6 26
3 83
1 88
3 68
84 23
180 20
243 88
3,909 37
1,608 15
2.505 83
2,411 41
462 65
494 15
4,045 97
1,293 09
426 08
381 14
759 81
890 44
566 72
913 69
1,094 87
18,747 24 I 1
*43
c. m
1.9
30.6
12.6
19 6
18.9
3 6
3.9
31.6
10.1
3 3
2.9
5.9
7.1
4.4
7.1
8.5 I
.46.5
40,753 49 3.18.5
^-c
55 c.
99
15 89
6 53
10 18
9 80
1 88
2 00
16 44
5 26
1 73
1 55
3 08
3 66
2 30
3 71
4 45
76 21
165 66
246.
Average number of pupils for 18S9, 228 ; average number of pupils for 1890
45
-54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9).
A. 1891
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
UPOX THE
ONTARIO INSTITUTION
FOKTHE
EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION OF THE BLIND,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER, 1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO :
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 & 70 FRONT STREET WEST.
1891.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
Office of the
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, November, 1890.
Sir, — I beg to transmit herewith the iSfineteenth Annual Report upon the
Institution for the Instruction and Education of the Blind at Brantford, for the
year ending 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
The Honourable J. M. Gibson, M.P.P.,
Provincial Secretary.
ft4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
COiNTENTS.
PAGEr
Introduction 9^^
Minutes of Inspection 9-10
Principal's Report 11-19
Examiners :
Report on Literary Classes 20-23
Report on Musical Department 24
Physician's Report 25
Statistics 20-29
Maintenance Expenditure 30
5i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF
THE BLIND, BRANTFORD.
NINETEENTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
FOR THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, November, 1890.
To the Honourable Sir Alexander Campbell, K. C. M. G., Lieutenant-Governor
of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please your Honour: —
I have the honour to submit herewith the Nineteenth Annual Report upon
the Institution for the Education and Instruction of the Blind, Brantford, for
the year ending 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be,
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
6i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
PEOVINCE OF ONTARIO
INSTITUTION FOR THE
EDUCATION OF THE BLIND,
I regret that in submitting this the Annual Report upon the work done in
this Institution that I can not speak from personal knowledge. Owing to the late
date of my appointment as inspector, I have been unable to make the Institution
an official visit. I have, however, much pleasure in placing on record the report
of my colleague, Mr. Christie, together with the report of the Principal, officials
and examiners in which will be found detailed statements of the work done
during the past year. From the past history of this institution regarding its
organization, management and the educational training of its inmates, we are
assured that it has been attended with no small measure of success, which is a ofuar-
antee that the same good result will be maintained in the future, and we venture
to hope a still greater measure of success will crown the efforts put forth by the
Government for the relief of that class of our fellow-subjects who have been
deprived of the greatest of all blessings, sight. I may add in addition to the
report of Mr. Christie, that lately there has been additional improvemer-ts made
for the safety of the inmates and protection of the buildings by connecting the
city system of fire alarm and water works with the institution and the Govern-
ment have under consideration an improvement of the sewage system for
sanitary purposes, which when completed will make the Institution one of the
best in the Province. I beg, also, to submit a statement of maintenance expendi-
ture for the year ending September 30th, 1890, with corresponding cost for
previous years.
Inspections.
Copies of the minutes made by Mr. Christie after his various inspections are
appended :
I visited the institution for the Blind, on the 19th March, and found
it in its usual good order. The work of instruction and training was going on
satisfactorily in the several branches under the respective teachers and instruc-
tors.
There was a total of 148 pupils in attendance on the day of my visit, namely,
eighty-six males and sixty-two females. Thirty of the males were in the
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). ' A. 1891
willow shop, and the work completed showed care and neatness, due regard bcinor
had to durability and suitability for the purposes for which the wares %vero
intended.
The health of the pupils was found to be excellent, no sickness of any kind
being reported ; and it is pleasing to note that although 120 cases of " la grippe "
occurred in the institution during the prevalence of the epidemic all are now
restored to good health.
In company with the Provincial Architect, I again made an inspection of this
institution on the 23rd June, particularly with the view of conferring with the
cit}' authorities on the questions of a sufficient water supply for the institution
for firepurposes,and the forming a connection betweenthe sewage system of the city
and the institution. When the contemplated works are in a sufficiently advanced
state to admit of a definite estimate being made of the actual cost to the institu-
tion, as compared with the expenditure which would be involved in constructing
the sewage w^orks by applying the precipitant porous carbon system to the
drains now constructed at the institution, a selection of the best and most
economical plan will then be made.
By previous appointment, the mayor, Dr. Griffin, medical health officer, and
Alderman Heath, chairman of the drainage committee, and other members of the
council were met at the cit}^ hall. An ample water supply, with sufficient force
to make it thoroughly efficient for fire purposes is an important desideratum.
Although an approximate estimate had been made as to the outlay on the
part of the city for this service, the authorities could not give any definite state-
ment and consequently no conclusive arrangement was arrived at. It was,
therefore, proposed that the engineer of the water works should, in company with
the Principal, measure the distance and determine the actual amount of money
which the city would require for making the connection, they to supply all
necessary pipes, hydrants, etc., and all labour in excavating and fitting. They
were then to name a fixed or annual lump sum for the service, to include the
placing of four hydrants in the institution ground at $40 per hydrant as rental.
Inasmuch as no actual woi'k had been commenced on the sewage system of
the town it would have been premature to make a bargain in regard to that
branch of the service. Consequently the only course was to defer action in the
matter until at least some progress has been made with the works.
The session of the institution closed on the 11th June, and it is pleasing to
note that the examiners' report in regard to the literary, musical and industrial
departments gave evidence of good progress having been made generally during
the past session. The institution, in consequence of its untenanted condition,
had its usual depleted appearance, and ordinary repairs, cleaning, etc., were being
prosecuted vigoi-ously, and everything in connection with the internal ai-range-
inents will bi; put in as good condition as po.ssible before the 2)upils reassemble on
the 10th September, next.
10
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9) A. 1891
REPORT OF THE RRINCIPAL.
Robert Christie, Esq.,
Inspector, etc.
Sir, — I have the honour, as Principal of the Institution for the Blind, to submit my
report for the year ending September 30th, 1890.
Statistics op Attendance.
The enrolment of pupils for the session under review showed a total of 151, repre-
sented by 87 males and 64 females, the highest number recorded for several years past.
Of these 86 males and 63 females, 149 in all, remained upon the register at the close of
the session. Of the 149, 115 had returned to the Institution at the date of this report,
leaving 34 to be accounted for as follows : —
Graduates : Males.
In music, literary studies and industrial work . . 0
In literary studies 1
In literary studies and industrial work 0
In industrial work and well advanced in music . . 0
In literary studies and well advanced in music . 0
In piano tuning 3
In willow work 4
"Well advanced in music and proficient in industrial work. 0
Well advanced in industrial work 0
Well advanced in willow work 2
Excluded, being found to possess a fair degree of sight . . 4
Excluded, being imbecile 1
Excluded, being incapable of industrial training 2
Excluded for bad conduct , 1
Left for domestic reasons 1
Left, health being permanently impaired 0
Return temporarily deferred 2
21 13 34
To the 115 old pupils returned have to be added ten new pupils, six males and four
•females, also three former pupils (two males and one female) who, on application, have
been allowed to re-enter the Institution. The number of pupils received up to the 30th
of September was, consequently, 128, as follows : —
Males. Females. Total.
Old pupils of last session 65 50 115
New pupils admitted 6 4 10
Former pupils re-admitted 2 1 3
73 55 128
11
Females.
Totals.
2
2
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
0
4
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
4
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
5
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
Females.
Total,
0
0
0
1
0
0
u
1
1
1
The ages of the new pupils are as follows : —
Years. Males,
Ten 1
Eleven 1
Twelve 1
Thirteen 0
Fourteen 1
Fifteen 1
Seventeen 1
Twenty-six 0
Twenty-seven 0
Thirty-two 0
6 4 10
On the 30th September, 1889, the register showed an attendance of 135, the differ-
ence between the late and the previous session being seven in favour of 1888-9. It is
probable that the exceptionally high number reached in 1888-9 will not be fully
attained during the present session. But, adding to the pupil population on the 30th
September, 1890, three subsequent arrivals of new pupils, and the five old pupils whose
return is temporarily deferred, with some three or four applicants or prospective appli-
cations, the total registration during the current session may be expected to exceed 140^
even if it does not approximate even more closely to the figures of 1888-9.
Graduates and Retiring Pupils.
The list of graduates, thirteen in number, invites some special notice. The first two,,
mentioned as graduating in all three departments, were pupils of many years' standing,,
possessing excellent abilities, and most conscientious in all their relations to their work
and their teachers. Both have left us with ample materials for earning a livelihood if
that be their aim, and certainly of adding much to the pleasures and ha})piness of their
respective homes.
The youth next alluded to, as having graduated in literary studies, has, at the late
summer examinations, matriculated in arts at Trinity University. This is, I believe the
first occasion on which a person educated by blind methods has, in the history of Trinity,
gained such an honourable measure of success. I anticipate that both in the arts course
and in the examinations for a musical degree, pupils of this institution will, en some
future occasions be found competing.
The three female pupils who come next in order have all laid the foundation for
lives of profitable employment and usefulness.
The three piano tuners and the four willow workers are, I believe, successfully fol-
lowing their respective vocations. These seven young men have been saved from a life-long
dependence on others by the means which the institution has placed at their command.
Of the advanced pupils who left without attaining the full rank of graduates, the
retirement of the two female pupils had, under circumstances of which I was cognizant,
my full approval. They will both ])rove, I am sure, valuable helpers to those with whonv
their lot is cast, and do credit to the instruction obtained at this Institution. The with-
drawal of the two willow workers before the conclusion of their full term, is not to be
commended. iJoth were good pupils and had made excellent progress. But, although
able to turn out rjuite a variety of fairly marketable goods, and doubtless well satisfied
with their own attainments, they were not, according to their Instructor's standard, fully
prepared to enter into comj)etition with seeing workmen in the same trade. Young mei>
are sometimes, moreover, too ready to forget that an institution wliich, without charging
them one dollar, lifts them from a position of dependence to one of moderate competence,
has a claim on their regard and consideration, and that every pupil who leaves before he
is fully qualified injures the reputation of the Institution and the whole of the class of
workeis to which he belongs,
12
64 Victoria Sessional Papers' (No. 9). A. 1891
The Staff.
There have been no changes in the staff of the literary or industrial departments
during the past year. In the musical branch three vacancies have occurred by the retire-
ment of I\lr. H. F. Williams and Miss Callaghan, resident teachers, and of Mrs. Dr. How-
son, who had for several years given instruction in vocal music. These positions have
been respectively tilled by Mr. J. Edmund Jacques, who succeeds Mr. Williams, and has
special charge of the pipe organ and senior male piano pupils ; by Miss Charlotte Shep-
pard of the Toronto Conservatory of Music, who succeeds Miss Callaghan, and by Mr.
E. E. Gubb, who, in place of Mrs. Howson, trains the vocal classes. Both the gentlemen
above named biing with them well established reputations for professional efficiency, and
I have no doubt the musical interests of the Institution are quite safe in the hands of its
present officers, while very conscious of the ability and devotion to their work of those
who have recently left us.
For the very marked progress which characterized the work of the past session the
teaching staff of the Institution cannot receive too much credit.
The Literary Classes.
While firmly adhering to the cautionary remarks in my last report with regard to the
comparatively few instances in which literary attainments can be turned by a blind per-
son to account as a means of livelihood, and urging as strongly as ever the importance of
practical industrial training, I am equally prepared to maintain that a good literary
education is most essential to the blind youth's real success in life. Nay, seeing how
limited are his literary resources when he leaves the institution, he is, even more than the
sighted student, bound to lay up in his mind an ample store of intellectual treasures dur-
ing the time he spends at school. Especially does this remark apply to those who look
to music as a profession. The musician who aims at any high position must be able to
associate with the cultured and educated on equal terms. He can only do this if he, too,
is educated and cultured, has encouraged a literary taste, and in his conversation and
general knowledge, can hold his own in social intercourse.
In order to assist those pupils whose circumstances may enable them to indulge a
desire for the higher literary attainments, or whose tastes lie strongly in that direction, a
class embracing some of the leading subjects of the University matriculation course will
be maintained.
Our literature class this year will probably direct its attention to rather less diffuse
and more analytical methods of instruction. It will take up Shakespeare as an author,
with special reference to certain leading plays to which the attention of the pupils will be
particularly directed. The intluence of Shakespeare on the English language will also be
a subject of study.
An arrangement has been made for each of the four reading classes to receive in turn
a weekly lesson in elocution. Probably out of material thus developed a new advanced
elocution class may ultimately be formed. The senior geography class will use Stanley's
African explorations as its text-book for studying the interior of the " Dark Continent,"
aided by maps specially constructed for their use.
The Music Classes.
Probably in no year in the history of the Institution has more solid work been done
by our musical department than during the one under notice. This result was, among
many causes traceable to two in particular, first, that the teaching talent was of a high
order and aided by considerable experience in the special work of instructing the blind,
and, secondly, that a number of pupils had, by long and diligent study attained a position
which made the teacher's duty comparatively easy and the studies delightful. Of our
emale pupils, too, four were occupied for a portion of every day in the duty of teaching
juniors under the direction of a highly qualified member of the staif, who for the time
13
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
gave them her undivided attention. The retirement at the close of the late session of all
the four young women so occupied, has created a void in our arrangement which cannot
all at once be tilled up. Two of the pnpil-teachers referred to have already been noticed
as full graduates. Their stay in the Institution had been prolonged quite beyond ordi-
nary limits, and it was time they should turn their unquestioned talents into indepen-
dent channels. A third pupil-teacher had also been in attendance for a full term of
sessions, and was well able to contribute to the family income by her own exertions. A
fourth pupil-teacher had come to us under rather peculiar circumstances and with a view
to acquiring special instruction in two or three branches only. The upshot of these
changes is that we have, on the female side no pupils who have yet reached either of the
two higher grades in piano, and that the duty of instructing a large number of juniors
now devolves upon the regular staff. Such vicissitudes are however inseparable from
all schools and educational institutions. In our case I doubt not their effect will soon
cease to be felt and, jierhaps to the outer world might even pass unnoticed if an allusion
in this report to any important changes were not necessary.
On the male side, it so happens, that all the advanced piano and organ pupils have-
returned, and probably no new officer has ever entered upon his duties with a class more
anxious for improvement or better able to receive it than that which met our new music
master, Mr. Jacques, on his assuming the vacant position. The pipe organ class now
consists of five male and one femab pupil. Eight pupils, (males) are this year candi-
dates for instruction in Professor Baker's violin class, three more than last session. The
resignation of Mrs. Dr. Howson, on her removal to Toronto at Christmas, made a tem-
porary arrangement for the vocal classes necessary. Miss Callaghan, who had every
qualitication for the work, undertook this duty for the remainder of the session, and
satislied all requirements. Mr. Gubb's experience and methods are already beginning to
show good fruit in the progress of the vocal classes of the present session.
The Tuning Class.
The strength of the tuning class, the most popular branch of male industrial instruc-
tion, is fully maintained. The pianos appropriated to tuning practice are in excellent order
and sufficient in number and variety of construction. The reports from graduated pupils
of this department are very gratifying. The purchase of one new piano and the very
thorough repairing of all those instruments that needed it have placed us at the present
time in an exceptionally favourable position as I'espects pianos for both music and tuning
instruction and practice. But as the use of these instruments is continuous from early
morning to night the strain upon them is very severe.
The Willow Shop. •
I have much pleasure to testifying to the good work done in the willow shop during
the past session. The Instructor's report requires no comment.
Tkade Instructor's Beport.
Mr. a. II. Dymond,
r rincipal.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report upon the operations of the workshop-
during tiie year ending September 30th, 1890.
The session's work has been mark(;d by the usual features viz., industry and progress
with good conduct. Four of the twenty-seven pupils working in the shop graduated at
the clo.se of the session with outfits ; these four young men are now working at the rattan
and willow work at their own homes, one at Cornwall the others at llavenshoe, (York),
Cayuga, and Alexandria respectively. The graduate residing at the last named place
exhibited .samples of his rattan and willow work at the local fall fair, and received a
prize and the commendations of the public press for the (juality of his work. One pleasant
14
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A 1891
feature in connection with the work of our graduates is the fact that those graduates
living in districts where a ready sale is found for their work are in some cases, giving
employment to old fellow pupils not so favourably situated. A graduate whose lionie is a
long distance north of Pembroke, (in the woods) and who found dilliculty in disposing
of his goods is now working for another of our pupils at Plantagenet and receives a fair
compensation for his labour.
Vacation Supplies
The usual supply of willow and rattan were given to our workshop pupils, in order
that they might do a little work during their vacation. This liberal practice has proved a
great benetit to the workshop ])upils ; many of them have thus been enabled to earn suffi-
cient to clothe themselves and have a little pocket money, and in this way have helped
themselves, and relieved their friends from a considerable portion of the cost of their
support. But I regret to say in several cases this liberal practice has been caken advan-
tage of, several pupils receiving the loan of the tools and models having found a ready
sale for their vacation work have concluded to start out for themselves before complet-
ing their training at the Institution ; at the commencement of this session's work we
have two vacant benches which should be occupied by two young men who would have
graduated at the close of this session, but who have remained at home for the above
reason. At the present time there are twenty-three pupils in the willow workshop ; a few
of this number are not very bright mentally and by no means strong in body. These will
probably receive much benefit in bodily health and strength by the handling of the tools
and models, and the exercise thus given, but beyond this little can be expected. The
rest of the pupils are making fair progress.
Sales.
The following statement shows the amount of saleable work made by the pupils
during the session, but it gives no idea of the large amount of labour performed by pupils
in their first session's work to which no value can be attached : —
Sales by Trade Instructor $557 90
Yalue of work not sold, on hand 175 00
Total . $732 90
Pupils earned during their vacation : —
D. M 845 00
D. C 13 50
J. F 12 50
B. A. , 12 00
J. W 25 00
T. N no report.
N. B. ... , no report.
S. T 25 00
A. S 15 00
E. S 21 OO
E. H , 21 OO
Totul $190 00
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
Thos. Truss, Trade Instructor.
15
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
The Library.
Amonc: tbe additions to the pupil's library during the past year have been Thackeray's
'• English Humorists," Thackeray's " Four Georges," Ruskin's " Seven Lamps of
Architecture,'' Hawthorne's " Grandfather's Chair," Nicholl'.s " FiresiJe Science,"
Gage's *' Elements of Physics," Andersen's " Stories," Paul Bert s " First Steps
in Science," " Among the Lawmakers," "About Old Story Tellers," " Chapters on Animals,"
"Cresar (Latin text)," " Goldsmith," "3000 Word Speller," Bacon's Essays, Miss B.'s
' First Reader " and " Talks With CiBsar."
The publication in point print of text books, by the American Printing House for
the Blind, will be a great assistance in the general work of instruction.
Health.
In the medical officer's report are mentioned the most serious cases of illness that
have occurred among the ))upils during the past year. In that report neither the gravity
nor numbers of the cases of La Grippe are overst;ited. Of our total resident population
aggregating nearly 200 all told, more than 120 were attacked and three of the senior
officials were seriously, one of them dangerously ill.
It is cause, however, for congratulation and thankfulness, not only that no case
terminated fatally but also that all made a good and thorough recovery. The relief
given by the removal of two cases of typhoid, by which newly returned pupils were
affected, to our excellent local hospital was very great, while nothing can have
exceeded the care and kindness with which the invalids were treated at that
establishment. Its advantages, however, to us and to the public generally, would
be greatly enhanced if, to the present hospital were added accommodation for the treat-
ment of scarlet fever and diphtheria patients, whose presence in even our own well
situated sick ward is always a source of risk and anxiety. It is true that, by taking
extreme precautions, the above-named unwelcome visitants have been elTectually held in
check when they have made their appearance of late years, but the insidious means by
which they too often succeed in baffling every effort to restrain theiu, preclude over
confidence so long as they are actually among us.
In speaking of the health of the institution the absence or otherwise of actual sick-
ness is what is usually present to the mind. But there is a physical condition, short of
active disease, that may, and often does affect most seriously the work, usefulness and
happiness of life, and which only a healthful and invigorating regimen can efiectually
cope with. The blind as a rule are not a healthy class of persons. In a large percentage
of cases blindness is the direct result of inherited constitutional causes, attended often
with delicacy of the internal functions and general physical weakness. Again, when
blindness has been caused in early life by accident or sickness, the personal restraint it
imposes and the absence of robust exercise which it entails, arrest vigorous physical
development and impair bodily strength. Even to those who may have enjoyed sight
for several years blindness fetters the movement, limits terribly the enjoyment of pleasur-
able and health-giving sport and occupations and sd acts prejudicially on the system.
Blindness, moreover, in most cases is responsible for a more or less stooping gait, with a
contracted chest, slow movements, and the absence of that briskness and activity of limb
and muscle characteristic of the majority of our sighted youth. The conviction ha3
forced itsjlf on the mind of the educitors of thu IjJind in fact, that they may by turning
their attention in the first place to intellectual improvement, have b,;on beginning at the
wrong end and tliat the establishment as far as possible of healthy physicial conditions
should be the primary obj<!ct to be attained. Hence the strongly worded resolution
passed at the late conv<;ntion, hence the erection of a gymnasium in connection with
every well ordered institution, hence the conclusion of everyone whose experience is
worth anything that systematic physical training should take precedence of all other
efforts forthe aM)elioration of thi condition of the blind.
IG
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
Discipline.
The maintenance of a fair degree of discipline during the past year his been a
comparatively easy task as regards most of the pupils. The preservation of order in such
an institution demands of course the tirm exercise of authority and a vigilant suppression
of incipient tendencies to evil or misconduct in any form. As respects minor offences
our system of marks works well. The rule that any pupil receiving twenty or more bad
marks or demerits is Ipao facto disqualified from taking a prize in any department of
study, was enforced for the first time at the close of the late session. Some three or four
young folks came within the scope of its action and paid the penalty of a too careless or
reckless attitude, let us trust not only to their own ])ermanent benefit but also to that
of others. An incident connected with this part of my report occurred towards the close
of the session which, having been reported in the newspapers, may demand some notice
here. A citizen, and I regret to add alderman, of Brantford and formerly a licensed
saloon keeper, but now ostensibly a dealer in small wares, had been in the habit, accord-
ing to his own admission, of allowing our pupils to resort to a room on his premises
adjoining his store in order that they might there enjoy the privilege of smoking tobacco
which is, as this man knew, strictly prohibited by the rules of the institution and may,
if peisisted in, lead to expulsion.
Four of the senior jiupils who had been granted leave to visit the city having
returned one in a state of advanced intoxication and the others clearly under the
influence of liquor, had been seen to emerge from the place above-mentioned and had
attracted the attention of several persons by their disorderly conduct. As the young
men, who were separated immediately on their return to the institution, all gave similar
statements, to the effect that they had been served with liquor by the person above
referred to, and that they had resorted to the store in question to obtain it I felt it my
duty to place the matter at once in the hands of the Chief of Police, who laid an informa-
tion against the offender, which resulted in a conviction and fine of fifty dollars and only a
slight technical defect saved the unlicensed vendor from municipal disqualification. In
this connection it may be right for me to explain that under strict rules as to time and
limits our pupils are allowed to resort to the city as a privilege forfeitable if abused. It
is necessary that they should be trained in independent habits, and also enjoy all the
exercise possible. The confinement to even our extensive grounds and premises must be
very irksome to young men and growing youths, especially when they have once known
the blessings of sight. A large proportion of our pupils, I have reason to believe, are
conscientious, honourable and self-respecting. It is in my opinion better to run some
risk of a few forgetting what is due to themselves and the institution, rather than to do
an injustice and injury to those who are disposed to obey the rules, and while any city
may be disgraced by an unworthy citizen, I have every reason to feel grateful to the
people of Brantford generally, for the consideration shown at all times to my wishes and
representations, and their kindness to those under ray charge. Of the four young men
who so seriousl}' misbehaved the'nselves in the instance above-mentioned, it was deemed
necessary to exclude one, who had previously given trouble, from further attendance, the
others were readmitted on piobation.
The Bi-ennial Conventiox.
The Bi-ennial Convention of educators and instructors of the blind was held in
July last, at Jacksonville, Illinois, in the very fine institution at that place. The
unusual heat of the weather just at that period somewhat detracted from the enjoyment
of the trip and deterred a few from attending. The entertainment, however, afforded by
Superintendent and Mrs. Hall, who had only recently been appointed, was most generous
and hospitable, the accommodation for the guests more than ample, while State officials
and residents of Jacksonville did everything that courtesy could suggest to add to the
visitors pleasure. It is needless to say that on these occasions, as my aide predecessor
and myself can both testify, the representatives of the Ontario institution always receive
a most fraternal welcome from their American co-laborers in the work of instruction of the
2 (9) 17
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 0). A. 18^)1
Blind and with the sanction of the department I had the pleasure of extending to the
association a cordial invitation to hold the next meeting (1892) at Bruntford, which
proposal was unanimously and heartily accepted.
Tile discussions of the convention all took a very practical turn. In connection
witii one on the amusements and physical development of the blind, a strongly worded
resolution insisting on the necessity of systematic physical training such as a gymnasium
alone can artord and already referred to under another head, was adopted.
Dancing as a recreation and as affording opportunities for social intercourse has
been introduced into one or two institutions and found its advocatts, but the weight of
opinion in the convention was clearly against allowing any other association between
male and female pupils than in the class-rooms.
The Wokkroom and Knitting Classes.
The classes in female industrial work were well kept up during the past session and
are again of full strength and busily occupied. The progress of some pupils last year in
these branches was particularly noteworthy.
The Kindergarten.
The Kindergarten class has now become an all but universal institution in schools
for the blind on this continent. In our our own case it has been an unqualified success,
and the progress made, even by very young children, under this method of instruction,
has been most extraordinary. Several young Kindergarteners have already been pro-
moted to the regular classes, and show most plainly, in competition with others, how
admirable has been their earlier Kindergarten training.
Improvements.
While we have, from an unfailing spring, enjoyed at all times a most abundant
supply of the purest water for domestic use, and are well furnished with the means of
combatting internally an incipient fire, our external fire appliances have never been equal
to grave emergencies. The City of Brantford, now ])ossesses, however, an admirable
system of water works, and has also a well drilled and most etiicient salaried fire
brigade. By an arrangement with the city authorities, we shall, in the near
future, be protected by a six inch main with lour hydrants, each furnishing,
if required, two streams of water, and completely commanding the whole of the
buildings. The services of the city brigade will also be at our disposal on call.
Judging by personal observation in other cases, I should expect to see the force, whose
headquarters is over a mile distant, on the ground and ready for action within ten
minutes after giving the lire alarm signal. While sincerely hoping their services may
never be called into requisition, it is most reassuring to know that such facilities will
for a comparatively small outlay be so immediately at command.
The next local improvement in progress in Biantford is a complete system of sewer-
age, and 1 trust it may be found practicable for us to solve, once for all, the long stand-
ing difhculty in this respect, by connecting our drains with the city sewers.
The Gymnasium.
In connection with the question of health, 1 have alluded to the subject of .systematic
physical training, and liave also noticed the attitude of the late convention in relation to
the same sulij'cts. Knowing what 1 do of the necessity for a gymnasium, and what every
person competent by actual experience thiidcs aljout it, I may be excused for once more
repeating what af^peared in my last report as urgent reasons for an appropriation for this
objyct, and which w<;re as follows : —
1, That blind youths have no UKians of cultivating physical development eHectually
anleBM special apparatus is provided for then).
18
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
2. That by reason of delicacy of constitution the majority of blind youths need, even
more than the seeing, auch means of physical training and development.
3. That no institution for the blind is or can be complete without a well constructed
and properly furnished gymnasium.
4. That it is now a recognized fact that physical training is a primary necessity in
the education of the blind.
5. That the mental and industrial education of the blind is at every point thwarted
and obstructed by the want of systematic physical training.
6. That a gymnasium for the blind must be (1) a substantial well warmed building
(2) As nearly as possible a part of the main buildings, accessible without exposure to
weather or changes of temperature by all the classes, and by both male and female pupils
as part of the daily routine of school exercises. (3) Large enough to be used for general
exercise when the weather confines the male pupils within doors. When these simple
statements of facts are recognized and acted upon the first and last educational want of
the Ontario Institution for the Blind will have been supplied.
The Grounds.
Those who recollect the appearance of this estate at the time it first came into
possession of the government, and have not seen it of late years, will be almost incredulous
if told that, in the planted portions of the grounds vigorous tree pruning and even, in
some cases, thinning out to prevent injury to choice trees from overcrowding has
become a necessity. The growth of trees for the past year or two has been very rapid
with the results mentioned. The appearance of the grounds will be improved by the
work just accomplished. "While there are yet places in which a few ornamental trees
may be planted to advantage, I am not disposed to recommend any large expenditure in
the near future for this purpose. Cultivation and careful attention to the existing
planted stock will be what is most necessary for some time to come. The new land in
the rear of the institution is fairly well covered with deciduous trees and evergreens, and
will ultimately, I trust, become a favourite resort of the citizens who now use the grounds
freely for walking exercise, while not a few vehicles bring visitors and others to enjoy
the fine view of city, woods ani river, obtainable from our elevated position.
The Farm.
The year has on the whole been a favourable one for our limited farming and garden-
ing operations. With the exception of potatoes, which have fallen short in the yield,
all the crops have been heavy.
Acknowledgments.
My acknowledgments are again due for the many evidences of kindness and good
will extended to the institution by our city friends.
r have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. H. DYMOND,
Principal.
19
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
EXAMINEE'S REPOET.
To Robert Chiustie, Esq.,
Inspector of Public Institutions, etc.
Sir, — Tn obedience to your instructions we examined the literary classes in the
Ontario Institution for the !B>lind, situated at Brantford, and have tlic honour to submit
h rewith the results :
There is nothing of a novel or a special nature to report, except the fact that a
successful attempt has been made to establish classes in what maj' be called " Higher
Education.'" These classes are doing very good work, as may be seen by reference to the
results of the examination further on in this report. The work of the institution so far
as we had opportunities of seeing it, or were connected therewith, seemed to be conducted
with skill and the requisite energy, and the order in the classes and corridors
was all that could be desired. The grounds have grown very attractive, and the pupils
rambling through them or seated on forms in the shade of the trees, show a hearty enjoy-
ment of their privileges. It is surely a priceless boon to the blind children of this
province, and their parents, to have provided for them free, such an institution and such
advantages.
As heretofore we group the classes under the names of the several teachers in charge.
I. Mr. Wickens' Classes.
Class B. (a) Arithmetic. 19 pupils in this class. Limit, compound rules and
fractions. A very satisfactory knowledge of the subject was evinced. The theory had
evidently been taught with some care, and they were able to solve practical problems with
considerable readiness.
(b) Reading. Class A. 15 members. Nearly all the pupils read fluently and with
good emphasis and expression ; they also understand what they read.
(c) English Grammar. Class B. This class was examined in the fundamental
principles of grammar, and answered very well ; has acquired a fair knowledge of parsing
and analysis. The examination consisted of questions intended to test knowledge of the
construction of sentences an 1 ability to correct common errors in English. Did well as
a class.
(d) Writing. Class A. As a test of penmanship the class was asked to write in
proper form a bill of goods, the items of which were given them ; to write a letter to a
wholesale house, ordering a quantity of carpet of a certain description, and to draw a
negotiable note. The form of each was, on the whole, good, and the note (by most)
correctly drawn. Ihe writing is quite up to that of former years.
(e) Physiology and Hygiene. 10 boys in the class. Examined on the laws of health
and the functions of the difTerent organs of the body. The answering was generally very
good. The various bones of the skeleton when handed to the pupils were distinguished
and accurately described. The average attainments of the class creditable to the teacher.
(f) Geography. Class A. The British Empire in all its parts is the limit assigned
this class. They were required to name, locate and describe each dejiendency, until all
had been diwpo.sed of. They were rather minutely examined regarding the climate, pro-
ductions, races, form of government, and commerce, of each colony, and in nearly every
case gave correct answers. This class has always taken a very high stand. The present
class is perhaps a little behind that of last year, but made an average of 74%.
II. ^fiss Gillin's Classes.
(a) Class B. Geography. 15 pupiLs. Kxamin(!d minutely on the map.s of South
America and the United States ; the answering was prompt and accurate,
20
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
(b) Class D. Writing. 12 pupils. Write with considerable facility ; writing
legible ; letters, as a rule, well formed.
(c) EngUsh History: limits from William ILL to Victoria. 15 pupils. Exhibited a
pretty intimate acquaintance with the important historical facts and incidents of the
period, the constitutional changes, and the reforms effected in the interval ; but the class,
though good, is not quite up to that of former years.
(d) Literature. A class of 19. This has always been a favourite subject, and the
interest in it has not abated. The examination commenced with a review of the history
of French literature from a period antecedent to the times of the Trouvetes and Trouha-
dores and extended to the present. Saintsbury's is the book used. A pretty intimate
acquaintance was manifested with the authors of the different periods. Of course any-
thing like a critical knowledge is not to be expected from those unacquainted with the
French tongue. Of Italian literature also, they had learned something of the achieve-
ments of Dante, Petrarch, Bocaccio, Ariosto, Tasso, Bernardo de Vinci, Michel Angelo
and Raphael. In English literature they were more thoroughly examined, from Beda to
Tennyson. Special attention was paid to Shakespeare, especially to the play of Richard
III. Nearly all the striking passages have been memorized, not only in this drama, but
in Hamlet, and in the Merchant of Venice. And just herein consists the value of the
subject to the blind.
(e) Ancier.t History. A class of 4. The limits from the second Punic War to
Augustus in Roman, and the Persian and Peloponnesian wars in Greek history. This
<;lass did remarkably well, and had a very complete knowledge of the important events
of those times.
(f) Class C. Arithmetic. The class is smaller than that of last year, but about
*qual to it in attainments. The pupils were assigned twelve problems to test their
knowledge of the fundamental rules, and the tables of weights and measures. All the
<juestions were of a practical character and required thought. The senior division of the
class answered well. The average of the junior division was lowered by the comparative
iailure of a couple who are not well up. No question was missed by all. The enthusiasm
•of the class is very noticeable.
(g) Class D. Grammar. The subject of grammar is commenced in this class. The
pupils were examined very thoroughly as to their knowledge of the elements of grammar,
and particularly about the sentence and its parts. Three did not do very well, but these
are weak mentally ; the others showed an intelligent acquaintance with the subject, and
liave done a good year's work.
(h) Miss Gillin has a class of 4 in Algebra. One had gone to surds and the others
to multiplication. , A fair set of questions, covering the work gone over, was given to
€ach. The questions were dictated and the pupils wrote them in point print and then
proceeded to solve them. The senior pupil solved all correctly ; one of the juniors
obtained a little over 50% ; the others did not do very well.
(i) The same class in Euclid. One had studied the first three books, one the first
book, and the other two had gone over the first twenty propositions of the first book.
Two papers were given in same manner as that pursued in Algebra. As a test of their
knowledge of the first book of Euclid they were required to demonstrate the 16th prop-
position and all the propositions on which it depends. To the senior pupil there were
•given in addition, questions to test his knowledge of the second and third books. The
demonstrations and answers were done in point print. At the close of the examination
a pupil (not in the class) was asked to read the work of each pupil to the examiner. The
senior boy obtained 92 per cent., and a female pupil 78 per cent, of the marks. The
other two were much lower.
III. Mr. Alexander's Classes.
(a) Class D. Arithm,etic. A class of 22, in two sections ; doing elementary work.
Attainments unequal ; most, however, can solve correctly easy problems in the simple
rules.
21
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
(b) Grammar and Philology. 11 in the class. Their knowled;;e of analysis and
parsing was thoroughly tested. Several complex sentences were submitted to them which
were disposed of very satisfactorily. In Philology Earle's is the book used, and of sev-
eral of the chapters they evinced a fair knowledge.
(c) Class C. Rrndhiq. 17 pupils, in two sections. The reading of three very
good : of seven, good ; the rest, fair.
(d) C'lass B. Writing. Generally good.
(e) Il!Qh>'r Education. Latin. There are five doing the junior matriculation work
of Toronto University. They are fairly well up in the Latin grammar, but need more
drill on the irregular verbs; " Possum " floored them all. They construed a chapter of
the " Bellum Britannicum " admirably — much better than an average class in an ordinary
High School. One of them is also doing something in French and German.
(f ) Class C. (jeor/raplii/. The work assigned this class is the Dominion of Canada.
The pupils were found to have a very good knowledge of the locations of all the import-
ant cities and towns, and of the industries carried on in each. They were required to
tiiul on the raised maps the chief islands-, rivers, mountains, etc., and to describe them.
Their knowledge of the geograpny of Ontario is very good. Their teacher has made the
suV/ject both practical and interesting, and the examination showed that the class had
acquired a large amount of useful inlormation in a very methodical way. A raised map
of the Maritime Provinces is much needed.
(g) Canadian History. The main facts of the history of Canada from Cartier to
Confederation were taken in order, and their knowledge of each tested. Five pupils
obtained over 90 per cent, of the marks assigned. Four of these were girls. The girla
made an average of 74%, while the boys obtained but 40%.
lY. Miss Walsh's Classes.
(a) Class C. Grammar. 18 pupils. Know definitions ; can run verbs through the
indicative mood : analyse and parse simple and compound sentences. Five got 90% of
the marks assigned.
(b) Class D. Geography. 26 pupils. 10 do excellent work. Can find and name
the rivers and railways of Ontario ; pick out from the dissected map and describe the
counties, and locate the principal cities, towns and islands of the province.
(c) Ohject Lessons. 19 in this class— mostly small pupils. They were handed
samples of tea, coffee, sugar, pepper, mustard, cloves, cinnamon, ginger, sago, rice, etc,
and asked to describe them, tell where they came from, and how they were prepared.
This they did, for the most part, with much minuteness and accuracy. Of the seal, the
owl, the wildcat, the woodchuck, the turtle, etc., they evinced a competent knowledge.
They take great delight in handling those and describing their habits, habitat, etc.
(d) Class A, Aritlnnelic. There is no doubt that this class is a perfect product of
most perfect and laborious teaching. The questions were much the same as those
assigned to candidates for 3rd Class Certificates, and comprised mensuration of surfaces
and solids, j)ractical business problems including discount, percentage and interest, and
miscellaneous problems requiring careful analysis. How the successive steps are taken
and the various results held in mind is surprising; but careful (caching and honest study
liave made first-rate arithmeticians of the majority of those pupils.
(e) Class B. Heading. The desire to read well is evident at once. The examiner
is impressed with the determination of the pupils to do justice to the piece. They have
been taught correct haVjits of reading, and read with a good deal of animation. The
articulation is very distinct. They can distinguish accurately and quickly isolated words.
More proficient in spelling than the class of last year.
(f) Elocution Class. 5 in number. Much care must have b?en taken in training
this class, for their manner of reciting and their ability to regulatt; and control their
voices, and to give expression to passages requiring titste and discrimination, is very
creditable. They were first examined upon the th<;ory of elocution and reading, and
afterwards were required to recite passages, illustrating the various emotions, etc. The
class did well in both parts of tho examination.
22
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. D) A. 1891
V. Miss Johnson's Classes.
(a) Class E. Reading. 14 pupils, of various degrees of proficiency. One really
good reader in the class — which is composed of youngsters. As to fluency, expression,
■etc., they do pretty well.
(b) Kindergarten Class. 17 pupils. This class consists of a number of very young
<;hildren, for whom the kindergarten system seems admirably adapted. Their knowledge
of foim obtained through its teaching is remarkably correct. They were required to do
work in folding, weaviug and sewing, and executed each kind of work with speed and
accuracy. They were examined in the use of some of the gifts and were found to have
mastered the work they had been taught. Their singing is good, and the accompanying
movements are made as well as such things are done by seeing children in the primary
■classes. Here the laborious work of teaching the blind is evident. Seeing children
imitate each other and their teacher. With the blind each child has to be treated indi-
vidually. They were examined in numbers and reading, in both of which advancement
has been made. A young lady assistant is needed here, as the Directress has too many
under her care to do them all justice. The assistant could attend to the innumerable
wants of the little, and thus afford Miss Johnson more time for teaching.
The gymnastics are well taught by Mr. Conolly, the teacher in charge of that
department.
Respectfully submitted.
M. J, KELLY,
WM. WILKINSON,
Examiners.
Brantford, June, 1890.
2.3
5i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A. 1891
MUSICAL DEPARTMENT.
R. Christie, Esq.,
Sir, I be" to submit my report of the musical examination held by me in the
Brantford Blind Insticute, on Thursday and Friday, May 22nd and 23rd.
The results in marks of my examination having been han,-1ed to the Principal, there
remains little to do but to commeut generally on the work being done. Almost all the
pupils that came under my notice were familiar to me from previous acquaintance, and I
mav say that in every case good progress had been made. The senior pupils show an
amount of intelligent appreciation and thorough grasp of their subject that speaks volum?s
for their traininj;. It has always struck me that the teachers of the blind must have special
qualitications for their work, and keen sympathy with their pupils, and these seem to be
special features of the Brantford staff.
I would recommend that thn teaching library of tlie Institute be enlarged by the
selection of a good deal of new musi'; suitable for teaching purposes. To teach the same
music so often, to so many different pupils, is wearisome to the pupils, and excessively so
to the teachers. I should like particularly to see carried out Mr. Williams' idea to have
several courses or selections of organ music of graduated difficulty, so as to avoid the con-
tinual repetition, and to increase the range of knowledge of organ music which each pupil
can obtain Irom hearing the others play.
While being extremely gratified with the advance of the piano pupils, I was more
struck with improvement of those who are giving attention to the pipe orj^an. Their
playing is much steadier, and in some cases, distinctly artistic.
Since Mrs. Howson's resignation the vocal class has been under Miss Callaghans
care ; and considering the little time she has had them, the work done was excellent.
The advanced class, consisting solely of young ladies, did some delightful part singing, as
well as unison singing, of some songs, all sung with excellent taste, good tone and time.
The entire vocal class sang the bridal chorus from Gaul's " Ruth," with accompaniment
of organ and two pianos, and the effect was extremely tine. They also sang a few other
part songs with excellent effect.
The violin class, under the guidance of Mr. Baker, of Gait, seemed to me rather
smaller than before ; but all are advancing well, one especially showing great taste and
an excellent tone.
The counterpoint and harmony students did some very good exercises for me, some
of them being not only good exercises but good music as well.
Several students who are preparing themselves to earn a living by tuning, are doing
very well. Of the excellence of their work I made practical test last year by having one
of their ex-pupils tune some pianos in my house, and his work I found highly satisfactory.
While listening to the hearty singing at the morning devotional exercises, I was
struck by some young men's voices that I thought ought to be in the vocal class. It is
curious that the male pupils cannot be got to take as much interest in that class as the
girls. There are some voices that would develop wonderfully with the careful training
they would get in the class.
I examined the pianos throughout the Institution and found them in fair condition
considering it was just at the end of the year's work. A careful going over will put them
in good shape for another season.
Let me, before closing, take this opportunity of thanking the Principal and the entire
Btaff lor their uniform kindness to me during my brief visit.
Your.s faithfully,
J. K. r. ALDOUS, B.A.
24>
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 9). A 1891
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
Robert Ciiristik, Esq.,
rns2)ector of Charities, etc.
Sir, — At 3'our request I send you the Physician's Report of the Institution for the
•education of tlio Blind, at Brantford, for the year ending September 30, 1890. It has
been a year with much more than the usual amount of sickness, owing largely to the
spread of the epidemic la grippe. I am pleased, however, to inform you that we have
had no deaths to record during the year. About the 4th of November, 1889, a lad aged
eleven years was taken ill with typhoid fever, the germs of which he brought with him
from his home, where, we subsequently ascertained, several members of his family were
down with typhoid fever a short time before his return to the Institution. When satis-
fied that his fever was typhoid, he was at once removed, by order of the Principal, to the
John H. Stratford Hospital, where he made a good recovery. Every precaution having
been taken at the Institution by way of disinfection, etc., we had no more cases of it.
About the 11th of November, 1889, two pupils on the boys' side were almost simultane-
ously taken ill with sore throats, both aged about ten years. They were at once isolated,
and on the second day a rash appeared on them both, showing plainly the disease to be
scarlet fever. How this disease came into the Institution I am not prepared to say.
There were quite a number of cases in the city at the same time, and from that source
probably the disease was introduced in some way. Yery fortunately, however, we pre-
vented the disease from spreading. A special nurse was procured by the Principal, and
complete isolation and thorough disinfection maintained till all danger was passed. Both
boys made a good recovery. On the 8th day of January, 1890, the epidemic la grippe
made its appearance among the pupils of the Institution and spread rapidly, often ten
to fifteen being ill at the same time with it, till over one hundred were sickened by it.
Our plan of treatment proved very successful. Those who were ill enough to go to bed
were placed in warm, well ventilated rooms ; quinine in tonic doses given to them with
nitrate of potash enough to keep the secreting organs active. This, with careful feeding
with spoon food was all that was necessary in the large majority of cases. Some few
having lung complications or severe headaches, required special treatment. Care was
taken not to allow patients recovering from la grippe to expose themselves to draughts
or to go to work too soon. The very complete recovery made by all the pupils attacked by
this epidemic is largely due to the careful watchfulness of the officers in charge. My
observations during the past year but confirm what I said in my last report to you, that
is that the rules and discipline of this Institution tend to decidedly improve the health
and vigor of the pupils in attendance.
I have the honour to be,
Your obedient servant,
D. MARQUIS.
3 (•*) 25
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 9).
A. 1891
ONTARIO INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND.
Statistics for Year Ending 30th September, 1890.
I. — Attendance.
Mules.
Female?.
Ti.tal.
20
14
34
44
24
C8
1874
66
46
112
«« " " 1875
89
84
76
50
64
72
139
«« " »• 1876
148
1877
148
« " " 1878
91
100
84
100
175
" " " 1879
200
1880
105
98
203
« " • 1881
103
98
201
1882
94
73
167
«• " " 1883
88
71
86
72
69
74
160
«« " " 1884
140
1S85
160
, •« " " 1886
93
71
164
1887
93
62
155
1888
94
62
156
1889
99
68
167
1890
95
69
164
Six yeans . . . .
Seven years.
Eight
Nine
Ten
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen years
Fifte. n "
Sixteen "
Sevenfi on
II. — Age of Pupils.
No.
1
1
4
6
4
7
5
10
17
10
10
12
Eighteen years
Nineteen "
Twenty '*
Twenty-one "
Twenty-two"
Twenty-three years...
Twenty-four " ...
Twenty-five " . . .
Over twenty-five ycfira
Total
No.
8
8
6
5
8
7
7
6
23
164
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 9).
A. 1891
III — Nationality of Parents.
No.
3
60
44
25
9 1
3
No.
•
American
Norwegian
1
18
Canadian
Scotch
Englibh
Wendish
1
Irish
Total
French
German
164
IV. — Denomination of Parents.
Baptist
Congregational . .
Children of Peace
Episcopalian ....
Lutheran
V. — Occupation of Parents.
No.
Ne.
Actor
Agents
\
1
3
4
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
45
3
1
2
34
2
Marble-worker
Merchants ....
1
10
Baker
Miller
Book-keepers
Notary Public.
Blacksmiths
Painters
Butchers
Physician
Sailor
Carpenters
Carpet-cleaner
Sheriff
Carriage-builder
Soldier
Stone-mason . .
Clerk
Conductor
Shoe-makers
Contractor
Surveyors
Clergyman
Cabinet-makers
Tailor '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.
Tanner
Teacher
Drover
Engineers
Tinsmiths
Farmers
Tradesman
Gardeners
Veterinary surgeon
Harness-makers
Unknown
Hotel-keeper
Total
Laborers
164
Manufacturer
27
5t V^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 9).
A. 1891
VI. — Cities and Counties from which pupils were received during the official year ending
30th September, 1890.
County or City.
District of A'goma
City of Belleville
County of Brant
■City of Brantford
County of Bruce
" Carleton . . .
" Duffer in . . .
" Dundas . . .
" Durham...
" . Elgin
" Essex
" Frontenac . .
" Glengarry.
" Grenville. . .
Grey
-City of Guelph
•County of Haldimand .
" Halton
City of Hamilton
County of Hastings. . .
" Huron
-City of Kingston
County of Kent
" Lambton...
" Leeds
" Lanark . . . .
" Lenno.x . . .
" Lincoln
City of London
County of Middlesex. .
1
1
4
5
4
1
2
1
1
3
8
1
3
1
5
1
5
3
5
1
5
4
1
10
3
2
1
2
1
County or City.
District of IMuskoka
" Nipishiug
County of Norfolk
" Northumberland ,
" Ontario . .
City of Ottawa
County of Oxford
Peel
" J'erth
" Peterboro'
" Prince Edward .. ,
" Prescott ,
" Renfrew
" Russell
City of St. Catharines
" St. Thomas
" Stratford
County of Simcoe
" Stoi-mont
City of Toronto
County of Victoria
" Waterloo
Welland
" Wellington
" Wentworth
York
North-west Territory
Total.
95
G9
3
4
19
3
2
1
4
1
12
1G4
VII.
-Cities and Counties from which pupils were received from the opening of the
Institute till 30th September, 1890.
County ok City.
City of I'elleville
County of Brant
City of Brantford
County of Bruce
" Carleton
" Dufferin
" Dundas
" Durham
" Elgin
»• I^B.sex
" Frontenac
" Glengarry
" Grenville
'« Grey
City of Gnelph
County of Haldimand
" Halton
City of Hamilton
County of Hastings
" Huron
City of Kingston
County of Kent
•' Lambton
'* LeedM
" Lanark
•« Lennox
" Lincoln
City of London
j'hKtrict of NipiKHing
County of Middlewex
6
9
1
1
2
3
3
11
2
9
1
l>
10
2
2
4
4
r,
1
9
8
n
3
7
9
n
4
H
4
10
3
9
]
1
2
3
if
3
3
7
8
1
7
7
4
10
]4
14
3
2
4
5
6
18
7
r,
3
16
4
8
()
17
8
16
9
10
13
10
3
4
6
15
1
14
County ok City
City
District of Muskoka
County of Norfolk
" Northumberland
" Ontario
City of Ottawa
County of Oxftjrd
'' Peel
Perth
" Peterboro'
" Prince Edward. .
" Pre.'-cott
" Renfrew
' Russell
if St. Catharines
' St. Thomas
" Stratford
County of Simcoe
" Stormont
City of Toronto
County of Victoria
" Waterloo
Welland
" Wellington
" Wentworth
York
f-'rovince of Quebec
North-west Territory
Total
28
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 0).
A. 1891
VII. — Cities and Counties ic^.a wliicli pupils wi^re received who were in residence on
30th September, 1800.
County or Crrv.
r3
s
1
1
2
2
1
3
0
H
1
1
3
4
2
County or Chy.
' 1'
6
"1"
Total.
District of Alpoma
City of Belleville
County of Brant
City of Br mtford
County of Bruce ....
County of Middlesex . .
1
" Nipissing
County of Norfolk
■"2'
" Northumberland
" Carleton
" Ontario
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
......
1
4
" Dufferin
1
1
"i"
4
'"i"
3
" i"
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
"i"
2
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
4
1
3
2
6
1
5
3
1
9
2
2
1
1
City of Ottawa
3
" Dundas
County of Oxford
Peel
Terth
" Peterboro'
" Prince Edward
2
2
" Elgin
" Essex
1
1
" Frontenac
" Glengairy
" Grenville
2
" Renfrew
" Russell
City of St. Catharines
1
3
4
" Grey
City of Guelph
County of Haldimand
" Halton
"2"
2
" St. Thomas
" Stratford .
3
1
4
City of Hamilton
County of Simcoe
2
1
2
2
2
County of Hastings.
" Stormont
City of Toronto
2
14
1
3
" Huron
16
City of Kingston
County of Victoria.
3
County of Kent
" Lanibton
6
2
1
1
Welland
" Leeds
" Lanark
" Wellington
" Wentworth
York
1
■■■5 '
73
1
1
3
55
2
1
" Lennox
8
" Lincoln
Total
City of London
128
4(9)
29
34: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 9).
A. 1891
MAIljiTEXANCE EXPENDTURE.
For thp year ending 30th September, 1890, compared with preceding year.
Skbvick.
Year ending 30th September,
1889.
Medicine and medical comforts
Butchers' meat, fish, etc
Flour, bread and biscuits
Butter and lard
Groceries
Fruit and vegetables
Bedding, clothing and shoes
Fuel
Gas, oil, etc
Laundry, soap and cleaning
Furniture anii furnishings
Farm, garden, feed and fodder
Repairs and alterations
Printing, postagois, stationery, etc
Books, educational apparatus and ap
pliances
Miscellaneous
Salaries and wages
181 12
3,145 00
1,0-!G 38
1,175 39
2,049 72
2fiG 78
6 to 65
2,802 51
1,054 30
349 10
435 62
962 61
762 09
704 83
731 04
1,536 52
16,792 93
34,676 59
2.4
43.1
14.8
16.1
28.1
3.6
8.4
38.5
14.4
4.7
5.9
13.2
10.4
9.G
10.0
21.0
2.30.6
4.76.0
Year knoing SOtii September,
1890.
>.5
5 c.
1 29
22 46
7 76
8 39
14 64
1 90
4 58
20 02
7 53 (
2 49
3 11
6 87
5 44
5 03
5 22
10 97
119 95
247 69
X 2
251 01
3,124 96
1,075 23
1,236 77
2,044 75
352 59
828 25
3,017 39
1,098 04
281 43
497 49
784 84
673 64
604 96
980 35
1,094 85
16,767 80
c. m.
3.4
41.7
14.3
16.5
27.4
4.6
11.0
40.2
14.6
3.7
6.6
10.4
9.0
8.1
13.1
14.6
2.24.9
34,714 35
4.63.5
1 74
21 70
7 47
8 59
14 20
2 45
5 76
20 95
6 81
7 60
116 44
241 07
Average No. of pupils in 1889- -140.
A-verage No. of pupils in 1890—144.
30
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10;. A. 1891
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
luspector of prisons $i f uMic (Eluuitiefi
UPON THE
HOSPITALS
OF THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER,
1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLE.
^
TORONTO :
PRIXTKD BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 & 70 FRONT STREET WEST.
1891.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Office of the
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, December, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herewith, to be presented to His Honour
the Lieutenant-Governor, the Twenty-first Annual Report upon the Hospitals
of tl)e Province of Ontario, being for the official year ending on the 30th
September, 1890.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN.
Inspector.
The Honourable
J. M. Gibson, M.P.P.,
Secretary of the Province of Ontario,
Toronto.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
HOSPITALS.
TWENTY-FIRST
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
INSPFXTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLC CHARITIES
FOR THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, December, 1890.
To tfie Honourable Sir Alexander Campbell, K. C. M. G., Lieutenant-Governor
of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please your Honour: —
I beg to submit herewith the Twenty-Hrst Annual Report upon the-
Hospitals of Ontario, being for the otEcial year ending 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be,
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
CONTENTS.
PACrE.
Additions inude to'Ust of Hospitals aided by the Province 9
Estahlishment^of additional Hospitals spoken of 9
Sumniaiy of number of patients treated since 1878 9
Increase in patients treated in Hospital. , 9
Increase in number of patients general 9
Grants to Hospital, summary of , 10
Cost of maintaining Hospitals 10
Movements of patients in each Hospital, table shewing H
Sex, religious denominations and nationalities of patients, table shewing 12
Diseases, tabic of 13-15
Collective and average stay of patients, table shewing 16
Deductions to be made from aggregate stay of patients, table shewing 17
Revenue of Hospitals, table of 18
Grants earned by Hospitals, table of 19
Basis upon which Statutory Aid is granted 19
Maintenance expenditures, table of 20
Average cost per patient in each Hospital, 1882 to 1890 21
Proportion of maintenance of Hospitals paid by Government, table shewing. 22
Separate reports upon Hospitals 23-72
General Hospital, Toronto 23-26
Homttiopathic Hospital, Toronto 70-72
City Hospital, Hamilton 26-28
Hospital, Kingston 28-31
Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston 31-33
General Protestant Hospital, Ottawa 33-35
Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa 36-38
House of Mercy Lying-in Hospital, Ottawa 38-40
General Hospital , London 40-42
General and Marine Hospital, St. Catharines 42-44
General Hospital, Guelph 44-46
St. .Joseph's Hospital. Guelph 47-49
General Hospital, Pembroke 49-51
General Hospital, Mattawa 51-53
John H. Stratford Hospital, Brantford 53-55
St. Joseph's Hospital, Port Arthur 55-57
Belleville Hospital 57-59
St. Vincent De Paul Hospital, Brockville 59-61
The Brockville General Hospital, Brockville 62-64
General and Marine Hospital, Collingwood 64-66
The Nichol's Hospital, Peterborough 67-69
5i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
HOSPITALS.
The number of hospitals now receiving aid from the Province has been
increased to twenty-one, and steps are also being taken in different portions of
the Province to establish two or three additional institutions of this class, for
which no doubt application will be made for Government aid so soon as they
get into active operation.
The following comparative statement shews the numbers treated in all the
hospitals in each of the past thirteen years, with the increase or decrease in each
successive year as the case may be : —
Increase. Decrease.
1878 4,372 295
1879 4,612 .. 240
1880 5,302 690
1881 5,257 45
1882 6,032 : 775
1883 6,238 206
1884 6,:';69 131
1885 6,617 248
1886 7,035 418
18.^7 7,522 487
1888 8,292 770
1889 8,561 269
1890 9,187 626
It will be seen that during 1890, 626 more patients were treated in the
hospitals than in 1889, the total number being 9,187. The increase in the num-
ber of patients is not confined to one or two hospitals, as the returns shew that
the increase has been general.
Table No. IV. shews that the collective stay of the patients in 1890 was
equal to 274,758 days, as against 258,737 in 1889. The average stay per patient
increased from 30.21 days to 30.23 days.
Tables VI. and VII. shew the manner in which the amounts the Legislature
will be asked to vote as grants to the hospitals are made up. The following
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
statement is a summary of the totals of these tables, and shews the sums which
will be asked for each hospital, as well as the total ; —
General Hospital, Toronto.. S23,417 77
Homoepathic Hospital, Toronto 850 20
City Hospital, Hamilton 7,554 78
General Hospital, Kinuston 4,G61 99
Hotel Dieu, Kingston'. 2,673 54
General Protestant Hospital, Ottawa 3,922 11
Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa 5,710 88
House of Mercy Ljdng in Hospital, Ottawa 1,995 23
General Hospital, London 5,205 24
General and Marine Hospital, St. Catharines 1,761 22
General Hospital, Guelph .3,082 85
St. Joseph's Hospital, Guelph 2,722 22
•General Hospital, Pembroke 1,222 50
General Hospital, Mattawa 1,222 50
J. H. Stratford Hospital, Brantford 2,270 72
St. Joseph's Hospital, Port Arthur 1,078 41
Belleville Hospital, Belleville " 1,137 70
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville 870 69
The Brockville General Hospital, Brockville 1,184 71
General and Marine Hospital, Collingwood 321 00
Nichols' Hospital, Peterborough 857 70
Total $73723 96
The amount asked for in 1889 was .%8,556.46, or .^5,167.50 less than the
above.
In Tables VIII., IX. and X. will be found details of the cost of maintaining
the various hospitals. The daily cost per inmate in 1890 was 71.27 cents per
day.
The proportion of the Government grant to the total maintenance expen-
diture, as shewn in Table X., decreased from 39.03 per cent, in 1889 to 36.07 per
cent, in 1890.
The Tables numbered 1. to X. will be found in the following pages, and fol-
lowing them are the s(;parate reports upon each of the hospitals.
10
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
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Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
TABLE No. III.
Detailed Analysis of the Diseases or Ailments for which Patients received Treat-
ment, for the year ending 80th September, 1890.
DISEASE.
Ailrtuntary Canal.
Colic...
Constipation . ...
Dysentery
DiarrhcEa
1 )yspepsia
Enteritis
Fistula-in-ano
Gastrodynia
Gastritis ...
Hfemorrhoids
Hueraatemesis
Intestinal Worms
lEsophagus (diseases of)
Pharyngitis
Ptyalism
Peritonitis
Quinsy
Stomatitis
Tonsillitis
Typhlitis
Ulceration of Stomach
Brain and Nervous System.
Apoplexy .
Chorea
Catalepsy
Concussion of Brain
" Spine. . . .
•Compression of Brain . .
" Spine . .
Delirium Tremens
Epilepsy
Hemiplegia
Hysteria
Inflammation of Brain .
Isolation
Insomnia
I nsanit3'
Locomo*-.or Ataxia
Myelitis
Neuralgia
Neuroma
Paralysis (general)
Paraplegia
Paralysis (Agitans) . . . .
Softening of Brain
>pina Bifida
Sciatica
Spinal Curvature
Tubercular Meningitis.
Tetanus
Bones.
Total.
Anchylosis
•Caries I 19
Exostosis
Necrosis
Ostitis
Periostitis ,
Rickets
DISEASE.
Circulation.
Angina Pectoris
Aneurisms
Atheroma of Vessels
Cyanosis
Disease of Aortic Valves. . . . ^
Mitral " i
'■ Tricuspid " i
" Pulmonary Artery J
Endocarditis
Heart ( Oilation of)
" (Hyptertrophy)
" (Degeneration)
Nsevus
Pericarditis
Phlebitis
Phlegmasia Dolens
Varicose Veins
Dislocations.
Ankle
Bones of the Hand .
Foot..
Clavical
Ltlbow
Femur
Humerus
Knee
Lower Maxilla . . . .
Patella
Wrist
Ear.
Cophosis
Otorrhaea. . . .
Otitis Media.
Eye.
Amarosis . .
Amblyophia
Blepharospasmus
Cataract
Entropion .
Ectropion ...
Foreign body in the Eye
Glaucoma
Iritis
Keratitis
Leucoma
M.
F.
46
5
7
5
4
17
33
5
10
7
7
1
5
4
3
11
3
1
5
5
5
2
12
5
3
3
5
14
4
1
1
35
4
7
4
12
19
2
Ophthalmia '. 20
4
2
7
1
1
32
(Catarrhal)
(Purulent). . . .
(Granular . .
(GonorrhcBal)
Pterygium
Retinitis
Sclerotitis
Staphyloma
Strabismus
Trichiasis Ciliorum
2
4
2
4
10
1
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A 1891
TABLE No. III.— Continued.
DISEASE.
E]/e — Continued.
Ulcer of Cornea
Other diseases and injury of Eye
Fractures.
Bones of the Head and Face . .
Hand
Foot
" Pelvis
Clavical
Femur
Fibula
Humerus
Patella
Ribs
Radius
Scapula
Sternum
Tibia
Ulna
^'^e^tib^a
Ununited
Liver.
Abcess of Liver
Acute atrophy of liver
Cirrhosis
Fatty liver
Gall stones
Hepatitis
Hydatds of liver
Jaundice
Waxy liver
Carcinoma of liver
Nose and Face.
Catarrh . .
f^pulis . . .
Epintaxis.
Liiioma . .
Oz(tna . . .
Polypus ..
Poisom.
Ganes
Irritant
Lead jioisoning .
Narcotic ....
Narcoto-irritant
Reajjiratory Organs.
Aiithma
Bronchitis (acute). . .
" (chronic),
C roup
M.
33
15
19
7
13
3
9
19
18
23
6
30
10
4
42
5
"2
5
12
18
32
149
25
Emphysema of lung I 16
6
2
111
7
Empyema
Hydrolhorax
Pneumonia
" (pleuro) .
(typho) .
" (broncho)
F. I Total.
20
8
17
4
4
1
4
1
13
2
20
2
1
25
83
33
3
7
2
1
48
7
53
23
20
10
17
3
9
36
22
27
8
33
18
44
7
3
2
13
1
9
2
21
2
1
38
2
3
57
232
48
10
23
7
3
1.'59
14
14
DISEASE.
M.
Respirator 1/ Ori/ans — Continued
Pleurisy
Phthisis
Pleurodynia . . .
Tuberculosis ....
Hajmoptysis. . . .
Caven of larynx
Spleen .
Splenitis ....
Waxy spleen
Skin.
Acne
Boils
Burns and scalds . . .
Chilblains
Carbuncle
Corns and bunions .
Elephantiasi.<
Eczema
Erythema
Frost bites
Herpes
Impetigo
Intertrigo
Lupus
Lichen
Onychia
Pruritus
Pediculi
Pityriasis
Psoriasis
Roseola
Rupia
Ringworm
Scabies
Sycosis
Urticaria
Whitlow
Pamphygna
Urinary Organs.
Bright's disease (acute) . .
" (chronic)
Balanitis
Bubo
Cystitis
Condyloma
Diabetes mellitus
" insipidus
PInlarged prostrate
Epididymitis
Gonorrha-a
Gleet
Hydrocele
Hiematocele
Incontinence of urine . .
Pyelitis
I'Lyniosia
I'araiihyniosia
Retention of urine
Sujmrative nephritis....
Stricture
41
179
2
18
2
1
18
27
2
11
6
40
6
12
5
1
3
23
1
io'
1
27
10
1
9
25
2
8
14
5
36
1
14
10
1
5
2
20
3
46
26
69
3
22
3
4
24
1
4
6
23
3
2
15 42
3
15
2
1
18
14
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
TABLE No. III.— Continued.
DISEASE.
Urina ry O lyans — Continued .
Spermatorrhcea .
Urinary calculus .
Chanchoroid
Cancer of testicle
Nephsitis
Orchitis
Varicocele
M.
3
14
Women.
Amenorrhcea
Abortion
Dysmenorrhoea
Erosion of os uteri
Fistula (recto-vaginal) ....
" (vesico-vaginal). . . .
Metritis and Endometritis
Menorrhagia ,
Ovarian disease
Parturition
Premature labour
Uterus (anteversion of) ...
" (retroversion of) ..
" (anteflection of)
" (retrotlection of) ..
" (inversion of)
" (prolapsus of)
Womb (polypus of)
" (fribroid of)
" (cancer of)
Vaginitis
Tencorrhffia
Zymotic and Ocneral.
Anaemia
Anasarca
Chicken pox
Cholera (Asiatic)
" (morbus)
" (infantum)
Chlorsis
Diphtheria
Dropsy
Erysipelas
Fever (intermittent) . . . .
" (remittent)
" (scarlet) ,
" (pernicious)
" (typho-malarial)
(typhoid)
(typhus) . .
" (cerebro-spinal) .
" (pueperal)
" (continued)
11
9
1
87
10
35
22
6
18
13
239
18
7
24
17
6
1
46
17
49
318
18
7
7
1
1
2
7
1
16
19
10
1
102
4
2
6
13
152
9
21
9
5
34
15
186
Total.
14
15
6
5
9
5
18
7
24
17
6
1
46
17
49
318
18
7
7
1
1
2
7
1
16
19
10
1
113
13
1
5
8
13
239
19
56
31
11
52
28
525
1
2
14
DISEASE.
Zymotic and Ocneral.-
Continued .
Gout
Influenza
Leucocythemia
Measles
Mumps
Pysemia (septicaemia)
Purpura
Rheumatism (acute)
" (chronic)
" (gonorrhffal)
Smallpox
Scrofula
Syphilis, Primary
" Secondary
" Tertiary
" Hereditary
Vaccination
W hooping Cough
Miscellaneous, not otherwise
classed.
M.
4
250
16
5
12
152
55
9
32
16
5
Abscess, General
" Psoas
" of Breast
Alcoholism
Amputations
Cancer, Epithelial
Encephaloid
" Schirrus
" Melanotic
Contusions
Cancers
Cellulitis ...
Coxalgia
Debility
Goitre
Gangrene
Gunshot wounds
Hernia
Injuries not otherwise classed
Sprains
Tumors, Fibriod
Fatty...
" Cartilaginous
" Cystic
Other
Tetanus
Talipes
Ulcers . .
Opium Habit
Chloral "
Lumbago
Diseases and injuries notclassed
83
7
3
224
57
26
4
13
5
78
8
2
8
91
1
16
15
12
137
33
7
6
1
1
10
1
6
108
1
I
8
71
F.
193
1
17
1
8
1
71
23
4
6
21
17
14
3
27
"28'
22
19
9
"ii'
1
13
5
1
8
110
2
4
"3
42
19
6
5
3
2
21
i
78
2
3
37
16
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10.)
A. 1891
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
INSPECTION REPORTS.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
•official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment in all departments of the
Hospital, 1st October, 1889 - - - - 204
Admitted - - - ^,970
Births in the Hospital . - - - - - 174
Total number under treatment - - 3,168
Discharges, including infants - - _ - - 2,715
Died "^ -------- - 218
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - 235
3,168
' :30f the 3,168 patients treated during the year, 145 males and 67 females
•were inmates of the Andrew Mercer Eye and Ear Infirmary, and 381 in the
Burnside Lying-in branch. The latter number includes 97 male and 77 female
■children born in the institution.
Places received from.
FromtheCity of Toronto (including 174 infants born) - 2,502
From the Coupty of York _ - - - . 92
From other counties of the Province - - - - 564
From United States - - - - - - 9
From other countries, including immigrants - - 1
3,168
Sex.
Male - . - - - - - - - 1,847
Female - - ------ - 1,321
3,168
Nationalities.
Canadian ------- - - 1,536
English - - - - 759
Irish - - - - - 490
Scotch - - - 189
United States ------ - - 92
'Other countries ----- -- 102
3,168
23
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 189 1
The followins]^ table gives a summar}'' of certain diseases treated in the
Toronto General Hospital during the year : —
Typhoid Fever
Typhus
Puerpural "
Cerebro Spinal Fever
Diphtheria
Smallpox
No of cases treated.
- 224
2
- 32
Religious denominations.
Protestant ---.-_..
Roman Catholic - _ . ^ . .
Other religions, or not known - . _ _
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario _ _ . .
From the City of Toronto, in payment of patients'
maintenance ----._.
From the County of York, in payment of patients'
maintenance _.--._.
From other Municipalities of the Province
From paying patients themselves - . _ -
Income from property belonging to-Hospital Trust
Subscriptions, donations, and bequests of private
individuals -_-_-._
From all other sources not above enumerated -
Total -----..
- 2,.'
iOO
640
-
28
3,16»
$22,051
32
17,117
60
153
40
464
95
15,965
70
16,177
95
760
12
4,807
75
$76,998 79
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat $9,361 28
Butter ------- - 17G7 29
Eggs ------- - - 789
Flour, bread and meal - - . . . 2,595
Milk ------- - - 4191
Tea and coffee ------ - 988
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - - 2,075
Groceries and provisions not enumerated - - 2,772
Drugs and medicines - . - - . - 8,967
Medical and surgical appliances - - - 2,666
Surgical instruments _ . . . - . iso
Boer, wine and spirits - - - - - 770
liedrling, napery, and general house furnishing - 8,540
Brooms, Ijrushes, mops, soap, and cleaning appliances 408
P'uel - - - - - - - ' - - 4,f)58
Light — gas, oil, and candles _ - - - 1,628 44
Water supjdy ----- . . 410 00
Hay and straw ...... 47 05.
24
28
88
37
32
99
88
24
44
02
40
16
50
12
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Clothinn; for patients, including boots and shoes
.$341 02
Ice
605 >5
Salaries and wages - - - _ - -
14,37!) 10
Taxes and insurance _ . - .
200 56
Cofl&ns and funerals - - . - _ .
16 00
Contingencies ------
482 01
Repairs, ordinary - - - - - - -
3,916 45
Advertising, stationery, etc. . - -
64 85
Total ------
$63,074 50
Government Grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 77,513 days at 20 cents
$15,502 60
Supplementary allowance, 77,513 days at lU cents -
7,751 30
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment,
2,341 days at 7 cents -----
163 87
Total .--.--- $23,417 77
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed : —
I made an inspection of the General Hospital, Toronto, on the 29th May,
when there was a total of 204 patients under treatment, namely. 111 males and
69 females, in the general wards, 9 males and 4 females, in the Eye and Ear
Infirmary, and 11 females in the Burnside Lying-in branch. Five only of the
above number had been admitted prior to 1890, and these were all cases requir-
ing protracted surgical treatment from day to day ; 19 other patients were
admitted from the 1st January to the end of Februar}', and the remaining num-
ber have all been admitted within the past three months. At the Burnside branch
33 were admitted, and 33 births registered during the month of January.
My inspection extended to all the departments and wards of the institution,
and everything pertaining thereto was found to be in excellent order. Particular
attention continues to be paid to providing all necessary appliances for protection
from fire, and every building and flat has lately been well equipped with hose and
fire plugs, and a supply of the American automatic fire extinguishers. These are
so placed as to be readily available in case of necessity, and the nurses are taught
the use of these appliances — the use of coal-oil has also been dispensed with
throughout the institution, and gas substituted wherever required.
Progressiveness is noticeable in all departments of this institution on each
succeeding visit, and the routine work is being carried on with commendable
efiiciency.
Hardwood floors are being laid in the main halls wdiere the pine floors have
become worn A covered entrance is being constructed at the main doorway to
afford shelter for patients while being removed from the ambulance or other
vehicle in which they are brought to the hospital.
The grounds are in good order and show neatness and care in their cultivation,
and the vacant lot on Spruce street has been nicely graded and fenced with a
view to erecting tents or other temporary shelter that might be serviceable
in event of an epidemic occurring. Many other lesser improvements have been
made or are in progress, such as laundry fittings, disinfecting washing
machines, etc.
25
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Three wards and a private operating room have been fitted up in the west
for female patients only, and will no doubt be a great boon to those under treat-
ment. The windows of several of the private wards have been fitted with wire
guards which also enclose the gas jets, the latter being placed between the
windows and the guards, and thorough security is thus aflforded to delirious
patients.
The several rooms comprising the stores department were found to be neatly
kept, and the commodities appeared to be of good quality.
The employees are now attired in neat uniforms, and the nurses (150 in
number) also wear an appropriate unit'orm garb while performing their duties.
Infectious cases coming to the intsitution are now conveyed in an anbulance
kept specially for the purpose, and a general ambulance service is provided by
the Police Commissioners. A third ambulance is being constructed for the
special use of the west end of the city.
The regular and untiring interest of the trustees of the institution is evi-
denced by their attendance at the meetings connected with their duties.
Nearly 10,000 out-door cases have been treated and prescribed for by the
hospital start' during the past year and about 2,000 of that number were eye
and ear cases. In all the different departments pertaining to the work of the
institution system and energy appear to have characterized the action of the
authorities.
I visited the Toronto General Hospital on the 23rd September.
Of the population then under treatment a large number were cases of
typhoid ; also a number were surgical cases.
This hospital is exceedingly well conducted in all its departments, the whole
institution being: clean and neat to a decree.
The books were found to be properly kept and written up.
CITY HOSPITAL, HAMILTON.
The following summaries shew the operations uf this hospital during the
official year: —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 82
Admitted -------- - 597
Births in the Hospital ------ - 36
Total number under treatment . - _ . 715
Discharged -- -- .__ . (314
Died - - - 50
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 51
715
Places received from.
From the City of Hamilton, including births in Hos-
pital -----._ - C71
From the County of Wcntwoi-th - - - - 20
From other counties in the Province - - - 11
From United States ----- • G
from other c<mntries . - . _ _ . 1
26
715
-54 Vici.nia. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Sex.
Male --._-. ... 414
Female - . . . . - - 301
715
Nationalities.
Canadian - - _._.._ 331
English ------._ 195
Irish - - 108
Scotch - - - - - - . . 40
United States -------- 28
Other countries -------- 13
715
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --.__-_ . - 551
Roman Catholic ------ . 153
Other religions ------- - l
71.5
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the City-
Hospital, Hamilton, during the year :
Number of cases treated
Typhoid Fever ------ - 41
Typhus Fever -----
Puerpural Fever ------
Cerebro Spinal Fever - - - - t
Diphtheiia -- --_.- 4
Smallpox - - _ - . - _
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario - . - -
From the City of Hamilton . - - -
From other Municipalities in the Province
From paying patients themselves _ . _
Total -------
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat ._--__
Butter -- ------
Flour, bread and meal _ - - - _
Milk - - - - . . _ .
Tea and coffee -• - - . - _
Potatoes and other vegetables - - _ -
Groceries and other provisions not enumerated -
Dtugs and medicines - _ _ .
Surgical instruments - . . -
Beei-, wine and spirits - . . -
27
$7,894 17
11,176
92
100
30
1,398
36
$20,569
75
$2,739
21
666
30
798
47
1,018
56
331
35
333
93
1,206
89
1,426
05
172
66
247
95
54 Victoria. Sessional PaperG (No. 10) A. 1801
Bedding, etc - - - - . .
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ,-.-----
Liffht — gas, oil and candles -----
Water supply - -----
Hay and straw - -----
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes -
Ice .--- --
Salaries and wages - - . _
Taxes and insurance - - - -
Coffins and funerals - - - -
Contingencies - . . .
Repairs, ordinary - . _ - -
Total - - - -
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 24,561 days at 20 cents
Supplementary allowance, 24,561 days at 10 cents -
Allowance for improper cases for hospital treatment
2,664 days at 7 cents - - - - - ISG 4s
Total $7,554 78
Inspections.
A copy of my report to the Government upon this hospital is annexed : —
I visited the City Hospital, Hamilton, on the 16th October.
I suggested to the authorities the importance of having two fire escapes con-
structed, one from the upper story in each wing, on each side of the building.
The hospital generally was in very satisfactory order.
S958
69
235
77
1,821
47
740
77
300
00
24
11
10
75
349
80
4,882
63
750
00
18
00
770
93
408
91
$20,212
70
$4,912
20
2,456
10
GENERAL HOSPITAL, KINGSTON.
The following summaries show the operations of this hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 41
Admitted - . .5S6
Births in hospital -------- 39
Total number under treatment - - . - - 616
Discharged - . - . .537
Died - .*i8
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 41
616
28
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Places received from.
From the City of Kingston (including births) - - _ 332
From the County of Frontenac - - - - - 126
From other Counties of the Province - _ _ . 145
From the United States --.-_. 12
Fiom other countries - - - - - - - . . . .
— 616
bex.
Male ------.-_. 343
Female --.-__._. 273
616
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - - - -"- - - - -515
Koman Catholic -------- 101
616
Nationalities.
Canadian --_.-____ 353
English ... - 124
Irish ----- (JO
Scotch - - - - 48
United States ---------24
Other countries -------^ 7
616
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
General Hospital, Kingston, during the year.
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever --......is
Typhus Fever ---.-___
Puerpural Fever - - - - - - --
Cerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diphtheria -------__3i.
Smallpox -------__
Revenue.
From the Province - $4,054 20
From the Dominion Government - - _ 500 00
From the County of Frontenac - - . - 250 00
From the City of Kingston - - - . 7OO 00
From patients themselves, for maintenance and
treatment _.__-_ 2,015 61
From property belonging to the Hospital - - 868 38
From subscriptions, donations and bequests from
private individuals ----- 1,412 62
From all other sources, not enumerated - - - 717 45
$10,518 26
29
5-i Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891.
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat -------
Butter -------
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk -------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetaV)les - - - -
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated
Drugs and medicines -----
Surgical instruments ------
Beer, wine and spirits -----
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ------ ^ - -
Light — gas, oil and candles - - _ .
Water sujjply -------
Straw .-__.---
Clothing for patients . - - . -
Ice ' -
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance ------
Coffins and funerals ------
Contingencies ------
Repairs, ordinary ------
Total -------
$()33
19
435
05
424
92
4(52
82
201
84
184
91
985
40
3()0
09
187
J 2
47
00
563
28
91
65
1,038
71
592
64
124
28
8
00
2
50
18
00
2,555
85
177
65
IG
85
313
64
689
42;
,815 11
GovernTnent Grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 14,703 days, at 20
cents per day ------
Supplementary allowance, 14,703 days, at 10 cents
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment,
3,587 days, at 7 cents . - _ - -
Total
Inspections.
$2,940 60
1,470 30
251 09
S4,661 99
A copy of Mr, Christie's report to the Government upon this hospital is-
annexed : —
I inspected the General Hospital, Kingston, on the 15th of A])ril, and found
that there were 20 males, 21 females, and 4 children being treated and cared for
in the institution. I noted that some structural alterations have been made since
the date of my last visit. The theatre has been enlarged, and aecounnodation
jirovided for the class of female students now studying medicine at the Women's
Medical College. There are nine nurses in active employment at the hospital,
and this dcf)artment of the work appears to be in a satisfactory condition.
Large portions of the Hoor of the institution recpiire re-laying. When tlie lM)ai-d
of Directors can see their way to reiKJw the Hooring, it would be advisable to
substitute hardwood for j)ine, being more durable and in every way more suitable
for such a purp(j.se, in puljlie buildings especially.
30
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A lc'91
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this hosjntal.
A copy of his report is annexed : —
As directed by Mr. Christie, I maJe an inspection of the General Hospital,
Kingston, on the .5th September.
On that day there were 19 men, 13 women, and 3 infants in residence.
The M'ards were neatly kept, and the institution throughout was in very
good order. 'Die new wing in course of erection, in which it is intended to pro-
vide for the isolation of infectious diseases, is approaching completion.
HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL, KINGSTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment 1st October, 1889 - - - 36
Admitted --------- 398
Total number under treatment 434
Discharged ---__.-._ 373
Died - - - • _ 27
Under treatment 30th September, 1890 - ■ - - 34
434
Places received froTYi.
From the City of Kingston ------ 224
From the County of Frontenae ----- 123
From other Counties of the Province - _ _ 74
From United States ----__. 10
From other countries --_._-- 3
434
Sex.
Male ---------- 219
Female ----.---. 215
434
Nationalities.
Canadian ----_.-._ 273
English - 50
Irish - - - _ _ 78
Scotch ----..--._ 1
United States - - - - 31
Other countries -------- 1
434
Religious denominations.
Protestant --.__.___ 55
Koman Catholic -----___ 379
434
31
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
The follo\vin2[ table ji^ives a summary of certain diseases treated in the Hotel
Dieu Hospital, Kingston, during the year.
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever -------.5
Typhus Fever ----.-..
Puerpural Fever - - - - - - - - . .
Cerebro Spinal Fever -.-.-..
Diphtheria ---..-.__i
Smallpox ----.--__
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario .... $2,907 70
From municipalities ------ 100 00
From patients themselves, for maintenance and treat-
ment -------- 821 25
Income from investments - - - - - 136 02
Subscriptions, donations and bequests - - 986 40
From other sources not enumerated _ _ . 284 24
Total -------- $5,235 61
Expenditures.
Butchers' meat ..__--
Butter ........
Flour, bx'ead and meal -----
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee ------
Potatoes and other vegetables _ - _ -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines ------
Medical and surgical appliances - . -
Surgical instruments ------
Beer, wine and .spirits -----
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, moi)s, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles _ - . -
Water supply -------
Hay and straw ---.._
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice ------
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance -----
Coffins and funerals .-.--.
Contingencies _--_--
Repairs, ordinary ------
Postage, telegraphing, etc. . _ - .
Total - -
$987
43
395
04
641
33
267
86
20.5
21
179
26
726
53
365
20
30
00
20
00
78
75
371
87
150
70
384
04
53
67
54
60
33
37
90
16
15
00
200
00
80
00
17
00
132
23
57
15
53,.534 44
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
$1,
,997
20
581
98
94
36
GovevHTnent grant for 1891.
Allowance for hospital cases, 9,986 days, at 20 cents
per day ..-_--
Supplementary allowance equal to one-fourth of
hospital revenue _ _ _ _ .
Allowance for improper cases for hospital treatment
1,348 days, at 7 cents . _ _ _
Total -------- $2,673 54
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government upon this hospital is
annexed :
I made an inspection of the Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, on the 16th
April. There were 9 men and 14 women under treatment on that day, No
change worthy of note in connection with the work of the hospital had transpired
since the date of my last report.
About the same number of patients have been treated during the current
year to date as for a like period of last year.
I found the records properly and neatly written up ; and the hospital
building throughout was in its usual excellent condition.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this hos-
pital. A copy of his report is annexed :
In accordance with Mr. Christie's instructions,! visited the Hotel Dieu Hospital
Kingston, on the 5th September. There were in residence on that day 11 males
and 11 females. The wards of the institution presented a very neat and orderly
appearance, and the comfort of the patients were evidently well looked after by
the sisters in charge.
The register was found to be w ell kept.
COUNTY OF CARLETON GENERAL PROTESTANT HOSPITAL,
OTTAWA.
The following summaries show the operalions of this Hospital during the
•official year :
Movements of 'patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - 43
Admitted .__----_ 339
Births in the Hospital - - - - - - —
Total number under ti-eatir.ent . _ . 332
Discharged ...----- 298
Died .-------- 44
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - 40
382
.3 (H ) 3:^
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Places admitted from.
From the City of Ottawa _ _ . . . 224
From the Comity of Carleton - - - - 82
From other Counties in the Province _ . . 77
Other countries ------- 41)
Sex.
.\[ale .....---. 24:5
Female .---.._- k;9
382
382
Nationalities.
Canadian -------- 203
English -------- 73
Irish _ - - 54,
Scotch .---_-.- 28
United States ------- 24
Other countries
Religious denoviinations.
Protestant - - - - - - , - - 331
Roman Catholic _.--._ 27
Other reliijions, or not known _ - . . 24
382
382
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
General Protestant Hospital, Ottawa, during the year :
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid fever -------- 30
Typhus " -------..
Puerpural " - - - - - - - -...
Cerebro Spinal fever
Diphtheria --------- 19
Small Pox ._-------
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario - - - _ $3,540 94
From the City of Ottawa 800 00
From the County of Carleton - - - _ 50O 00
From other ^Municipalities - _ . . 150 00
From patients themselves for maintenance and
treatment - - - - - - 1,105 10
Income from endowments - - - - -
Subscriptions, donations and betjucsts of private
individuals .-.---- 5,12(5 58
From other sources not enumerated - - - 414 30
Total - - Sll.G'JU 92
34
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1^91
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat ___--__
Butter _._-----
Flour, bread, meal -------
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated -
Drugs and medicines - - - . -
Beer, wine and spirits -__-__
Bedding, napery and general house furnishing
Brooms, brushes, mo[)S, soap and cleaning apphances -
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles . . - - -
Water supply -------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients ------
Ice ----------
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance -------
Coffins and funerals - . - . -
Contingencies --------
Repairs, ordinary -------
Printing, postage and stationery - . - .
Total --------
Government grant for 189 1.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 12,184 days at 20 cents -
Supplementary allowance, 12,184 days at 10 cents
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment
3,813 days at 7 cents - - . - _
$718
38
306
82
439
93
596
80
127
26
82
50
390
99
724
2«
226
36
370
44
2
85
716
15
66
81
134
51
25
00
10
00
3,217
60
89
70
130
00
459
75
2,849
88
Total
$11,681 01
$,2436 80
1,218 40
266 91
$3,922 11
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Grovernment upon this Hospital is^
annexed :—
I made an inspection of the Protestant Hospital, Ottawa, on the 30th April,
when I found under treatment 23 men and 17 women. From the records it
appears that there is a slight increase in the number of patients treated during the
current year as compared with a like period of last year. No matter of note in
connection with the ordinary routine working of this institution has occurred
since the date of my last report. I found the books correctly kept and the Hos-
pital very neat and clean throughout, and in this respect a credit to the management.
There is one thing however in connection with the work of this institution
which I wish to call attention to, namely : The want of proper provision for the
care and treatment of maternity cases. It would add to the usefulness of the hos-
pital if the management could see their way to make such provision by appropri-
ating a detached ward for this purpose.
I visited the Protestant Hospital, Ottawa, on the l7th Sept., and found it \^
the best of order in all respects. The patients also appeared to be well cared fQj.
It is evidently a well managed institution.
35
5 1: Victuria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 18&1
GENERAL ROMAN CATHOLIC HOSPITAL, OTTAWA.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - - 44
Admitted __.-.-.-- 687
Total number under treatment . _ - _ 731
Discharged ._- 628
Died ----------- 62
Under treatment, SOth September, 1890 - - - - 41
731
Places received from.
From the City of Ottawa ------- 589
From the County of Carleton - - - - - - 82
From other Counties in the Province ----- 30
From the United States ------- 13
From other countries --------17
731
Sex.
Male - 301
Female ---------- 370
731
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 507
English ---------- 32
Irish ----------- 94
Scotch ---------- 11
United States -------.-7
Other Countries -------- 20
731
Religious denominations.
Protestants ----------19
Roman Catholics -------- 691
Other religions --------- 21
731
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the General
Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa, during the year . —
No. of civaes treated.
T^'phoid Fever ...-.--- 20
Typhus «'_----..-
Pui-rpuial " ..------..
(Jerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diplitheria ---------- 80
Sinallj)0X ---------
30
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario -----
From the City of Ottawa - . . . .
From the County of Carleton - - - . -
From paying patients ------
From income from investments -----
From subscriptions, bequests and donations of private
individuals -------
From other sources, not enumerated - - - -
Total --------
15,169
42
800
00
2.35
00
2,Pi:3
{]6
120
00
1,444
72
1,134
58
.1,817 88.
Expenditures.
Butcher's meat - - - -
Butter --_--_-.
Flour, bread and meal . _ - - _
Milk -----.--.
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables- - - - .
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated -
Drugs and medicines ------
Medical and surgical appliances - - - -
Surgical instruments ------
Beer, wine and spirits - - -
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel --.-----.
Light — gas, oil and candles _ - - -
Water supply -_.___.
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice ---------
Salaries and wages -------
Taxes and insurance ------
Coffins and funerals -_-.-.
Contingencies -------
Repairs, ordinary ..----.
Total --------
$1,587
61
736
56
610
30
615
40
175
00
406
00
805
24
619
28
75
00
250
48
459
35
116
00
860
50
275
14
156
00
4]
19
25
00
80
50
1,176
00
433
18
270
58
1,774 31.
Government grant for 189 J.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 19,850 days at 20 cents -
Supplementary allowance, equal to one-fourth of Hos-
pital revenue -----_
Allowance for improper Hospital cases, 1,127 days at
/ cents
Total
$3,970 00
1,661 99
78 89
$5,710 88
37
54 Vcitoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 181^1
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed : —
I visited the General Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa, on the 1st May, and
saw the patients then under treatment in the wards, numbering 25 males and
28 females. The premises were found to be strictly clean and well kept, and
apparently everything was being done with due regard to the benefit of the
patients.
The annexes to the building, which have been under construction for some-
time, are finished and add much to the comfort and general economy of the hos-
pital Dining-room accommodation eapeeially has been much needed, and this
want is now properly supplied.
There were many evidences of the interest and care exercised in carrying
out the work of the institution generally. The books were examined and found
to be correctly kept.
I visited the Roman Catholic Hospital, Ottawa, on the l7th September.
There were not many patients under treatment on that day.
The institution in all its parts was neat and clean and in excellent order.
The books of record were properly kept.
HOUSE OF MERCY LYING-IN HOSPITAL, OTTAWA.
The following summaries shew the operations of this hospital during the
oflScial year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - - 27
Admitted ._-_.---- 165
Births in the hospital - - - - - - - -145
Total number under treatment 337
Discharged .-_..-.-- 273
Died - - - - - 28
Under treatment 30th September, 1890 - - - - 36
337
Places received from.
From the City of Ottawa- ------ 184
From the Count}- of Carleton ------ 3
From other counties in the Province - . . - 124<
From the United States ------- 6
From other countries ..-.--- 20
— 337
Sex
Males .-...-.--- 8(5
Females - - - - 251
337
38
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10)
A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian - - - - - - - - - -127
Enrrlish - - 71
Irish - - - 105
Scotch ---------- 26
Other countries ---------8
Protestants
Roman Catholics
Religious denominations.
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario -
From paying patients themselves
Income from investments -
from subscriptions and donations
rom other sources - - -
Total - - - -
•JO/
- 107
230
337
$1,029 10
1,741 22
158 40
2,377 73
2,578 08
5,784
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat -------
Butter -- - - - --
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee .-.--__
Potatoes and other vegetables - - . .
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated -
Drugs and medicines ------
Surgical instruments --.-..
Beer, wine and spirits - -
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings -
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap, and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles -----
Water ---------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice - - - - . - - -
Salaries and wages -------
Taxes and insurance ------
Coffins and funerals -_-.--
Contingencies -------
Repairs, ordinary -------
Total expenditure for maintenance - . -
For addition to buildinsfs - - . -
1,221
85
260
22
345
85
384
30
32
17
168
72
457
10
58
76
46
23
431
82
73
51
293
30
48
60
125
01
351
27
184
87
20
00
576
30
124
20
27
00
1
25
86
45
$5,318
78
3,278
13
Tutal
1596 91
39
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Government grant for 1S91
Allowance for Hospital cases, 5,468 days, at 20 cents 81,093 60
Supplementary allowance, 5,468 days, at 10 cents 546 80
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment,
ment, 5,069 days at 7 cents - - - - 35 4 83
Total - Sl,995 23
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christies' report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed • —
I made an inspection of the House of Mercy Lying-in Hospital, Ottawa, on
the 1st May, and saw all the inmates in residence, namely, 31 women and 7
infants. Six of the women had passed their maternity. Since the commence-
ment of the year 115 have been received into the institution, including 27 who
were in residence at the commencement of the official year. I found the hos-
pital well kept and thoroughly clean throughout, and the strictest atteijtion is
evidently paid to the comfort and care of those in charge. The books were full}-
entered up.
I visited the House of Mercy Lying-in Hospital on the 17th September, and
found it in an excellent condition of cleanliness and order.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, LONDON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 51
Admitte(l ....----- 404
Births in the Ho.spital - - - - - - - ^^ ^
Total number under treatment . . - - 476
Discharged _.-.----- 402
Died - - - 32
Under treatment. 30th September, 1890 - - - - 42
Places recrirt'il fru'ii.
From the City of London - 311
From the County of Middlesex ----- 93
From other counties in the Province - - - - 72
476
47a
Sex.
Male --^3
Female ..-.----- 223
476
4 )
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 248
English ._------- Ill
Irish ...--- . - - - 70
Scotch ---------- 31
United States --------- 9
Other countries -------- 7
476
Religious denomiinations.
Protestant _.------- 401
Roman Catholics -------- 72
Other relififions -------- 3
476
S4,828
44
9,318
53
2,824
47
.3,016
58
454 74
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the Gen-
eral Hospital, London, during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever - - - - - - - - 17
Typhus " - ------
Puerpural "- -------
Cerebro Spinal Fever ------
Diphtheria --------
Smallpox --------
Revenue.
From the Pi-ovince of Ontario - - - - -
From the City of London -----
From the County of Middlesex in payment for patients
From paying patients themselves - - - -
From income from property or investments
Total -------- $20,442 76
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat ------
Butter --------
Flour, bread and meal - - - - -
Milk --------
Tea and coffee ------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - _ -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated -
Drugs and medicines ------
Surgical instrument -----
Medical and surgical appliances - - - -
Beer, wine and spirits -----
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles - _ - -
41
1,453
08
654
69
5 46
82
911
59
274
42
191
36
1,343
96
1,176
71
139
35
2.30
50
597
81
150
87
1,593
56
554
30
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Water . . SlOO 00
Hay and straw - - - - - - - 101 8
Clothing for patients ------ 58 50
Ice ---.----- 47 00
Salarirs and wages - - - - - - 4,668 25
Taxes and insurance ------ 47 80
Coffins and funerals ------ 9 50
Contingencies - - - - - - - 617 93
Repairs, ordinary -.-_-. 1,283 58
Total $16,667 76
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for hospital cases, 16,886 days at 20 cents $3,377 20
Supplementary allowance, 16,886 days at 10 cents - 1,688 60
Allowance, improper cases for hospital treatment,
.1,992 days at 7 cents ----- 139 44
Total $5,205 24
Inspections.
A copy of my report to the Government upon this Hospital is annexed : —
I visited the General Hospital, London, on the 17th September.
The institution was found to be in very good order generally, and the woi'k
appeared to be carried on satisfactorily.
An examination of the books showed them to be properly kept.
GENERAL AND MARINE HOSPITAL, ST. CATHARINES.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - - 23
Admitted ---.-__-. 164
Births in Hospital -------- 8
Total number under treatment _ . _ . 195
Discharged - - - - - - - - -168
Died ---------- 16
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 11
Places admitted from.
From the City of St. Catharines 76
From the County of Lincoln ------ 51
From other counties in the Province, and sailors - - - 55
From tlie United States ------- 12
Frcnn other countries -------1
42
195
195
M Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Sex.
Male 130
Female ---------- 55
195
195
Nationalities.
Canadian --------- 95
Enii^lisli ----------33
Irish ----- 33
Scotch 10
United States -------- 10
Other countries ---------5
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - - - - - - - - -128
Roman Catholic ---------67
195
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
<General and Marine Hospital, St, Catharines, during the year : —
No, of cases treated*
Typhoid Fever - - - - - - -11
Typhus " -------
Puerpural " __•_--_-
Gerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diphtheria -..._-_--
Smallpox _-.------
Rtvenue.
From the Province of Ontario - - - - $2,117 48
From the Dominion Government - - - - 311 40
From the City of St. Catharines - - - - 600 00
From endowments, investments, etc - - - 31 50
From patients themselves, for maintenance and treatment 480 1 9
From subscriptions, bequests and donations of private
persons ' - - - - - - - 752 94
Total ------- $4,293.51
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat ------- $360 46
Butter -------- 140 04
Flour, bread and meal .-.--- 222 85
Milk .-..---- 294 60
Tea and coffee ------- 56 92
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - - 135 11
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated - - 282 73
Drugs and medicines ------ 450 55
43
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Medical ami surgical appliances . _ . .
Surgical instruments _ . _ . _
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings -
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel -
Liofht — jras, oil and candles -----
Water supply -------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients - - . . .
Ice - - -
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance --_.-_
Contingencies -------
Stationery and advertising - _ - . .
Repairs, ordinary
Total - - - $5,1 oG 15
Government Grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 5938 days at 20 cents $1,187 60
Supplementar}^ allowance of one fourth of Hospital
revenue .-_____ 544, 01
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment,
423 days at 7 cents . . . - . 20 61
SI 59
08
•204
43
170
25
252
15
51
07
351
40
102
82
19
65
5
25
46
38
18
00
1692
00
22
50
G6
05
51
86
Total - - $1,761 22
Inspections.
A copy of Dr. O'Reilly's report to the Government upon this Hospital is-
annexed : —
I made an inspection of the General and Marine Hospital, St. Catherines, on
the 23rd June.
There were 12 patients in the hospital on that day, namely.: 10 males and 2
females. The institution was found to be in its usual condition of good order in
all respects.
GENERAL HOSPITAL. GUELPH.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of Patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - 37
Admitted . ^ ..... . 386
Births in the Hospital ------ D
Total number under treatment - - - 429
Di.scharged ...__.-- 37.5
Died 26
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - 28
429
44
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Places received from.
City of Guelph -------- 255
County of Wellington .---.. 132
Other counties in the Province ----- 42
429
Sex.
Male --------- 220
Female 209
429
Nationalities.
Canadian --------- 285
English ---.-.-. 73
Irish --------- 18,
Scotch -----_-- 31
United States -------- IQ
Other countries ------- 12
— 429
Religious Denominations.
Protestant -------- 400
Roman Catholic --__--_ 29
429
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
<jeneral Hospital, Guelph, during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever -------- 18
Typhus Fever -_---_-
Puerpural Fever .___-.-
Cerebro Spinal Fever .-__-.
Diptheria --------- 42
Smallpox --------
Revenue.
Eeceived from the Province ot Ontario
From the City of Guelph _ - - .
From the County of Wellington - - - -
From paying patients -----
Subscriptions, donations, etc. - - - _
From sources not enumerated - - _
T.-tal -------- $8,300 08
45
$3,097
25
1,000
00
1,000
00
2.869
30
90
00
243
53
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
$756
G3
206
85
250
60
61
15
157
89
97
53
1,057
89
443
92
5
25
202
24
256
61
81
40
950
37
186
81
50
00
97
64
10
00
2,029
14
415
04
794
35
39o
86
Eupenditure.
Butcher's meat _-_--.
Butter --.-----
Flour, bread and meal -----
Milk . - -
Tea and coffee ------
Potatoes and other ■vegetables - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs an<l medicines . . - . .
Surtjical instruments -----
Beer, wine and spirits - _ . - .
Bedding, napery and general house f'urnisliiugs
Brooms, brushes, mops, etc - - - .
Fuel --------
Lioht — gas, oil and candles . - - -
Water supiJy -------
Hay and straw - - - - - - .
Clothing __-_.--
Ice __-_-.--.
Salaries and wages - _ _ . -
Taxes and insurance and rent . . _ -
Contingencies ------
Repairs, ordinary
Total ------- $8,505 IT
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 10,072 days at 20 cents $2,014 40
Supplementary allowance, 10,072 days at 10 cents - 1,007 20
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment
875 days at 7 cents ----- 61 25
Total -------- $3,082 85
Inspections.
Mr. Christie instiucted Mr. Mann to make an inspection of this Hospital-
A CO[)y of his report is annexed : —
According to instructions received from you I made an inspection of the
Geneial Hospital, Guelph, on 9th September. On this date there were 23 patients
undergoing treatment, 12 males and 11 females. There is in connection with this
Hospital a tiaining school for nurses which hns been in active opc^iation for two
years, duiing wliicli time six nurses have graduated. Some improvements in the
way of painting and refurnishing have been done since the last inspection, and the
sy.stem of |)rotection against fire has been made more efiieient by the addition of
a ho.se reel and a number of buckets. The building and grounds, which aie
located in a very arlvantageous position, arc kept in a thorough stale of cleanli-
ness and order. The books were also properly kept and entered up to date.
46
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL, GUELPH.
The following sumniaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
oflEicial year : —
Move'ifYients of 'patients.
Number under treatment 1st October, 1889 - - - ^5
Admitted ------.-. 354
Total number under treatment - - . . . 379
Discharged --------- 344
Died .......... 7
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 28
37 9
Places admitted from.
City of Guelph - - - - - - - -143
County of Wellington ------- 74
Other counties -.____.. J47
Other countries - - - - - - - - 1,5
37P
Sex.
Male ------.--. 145
Female -------_. 234
37U
Nationalities.
Canadian - ------___ 22G
English ---------- 17
Irish - - - - - - - - - - 121
Scotch ----------
United States --------- g
Other countries ----._-_ 9
879
Religious denominations.
Protestant ---------27
Roman Catholic -------- 352
379
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the St.
Joseph Hospital, Guelph, during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever --------- g
Typhus " ----____
Puerpural "-
Cerebro Spinal Fever - - - - - -
Diphtheria - - - - - - ■ - - 13
Smallpox - - - - - --
47
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
5?2,75o
94
100
00
800
00
422 70
.SOO
00
471
09
217
47
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario
From the City of Guelph
From the County of WelUngton
From pa3-ing patients
Income from property
Subscriptions, donations, etc. -
Other sources - - -
Total - - - -
$5,067 20
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat - - ■ -
Butter ---------
Flour, bread and meal -----
Milk ---------
Tea and cotfee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - - -
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated -
Druos and medicines .-_---
Beer, wine and spirits - . - - -
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brocms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel _.-------
Liofht — £as, oil and candles - - . _
Hay and straw _--_---
Clothing for patients ------
Ice ---------
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance _.----
Contingencies -------
Repaiis, ordinary -------
Total -------
S54I) 95
148 24
275 40
108 00
100 00
175 00
799 (J9
399 50
129 22
337 88
170 00
398 52
50 33
115 90
58 20
11 30
293 15
20 00
340 69
198 33
$4,739 30
Government grant for 1S91.
Allowance for Hospital cases 10,638 days at 20 cents - $2,127 60
Supplementary allowance of one-fourth of Hospital
revenue -------- 577 82
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment
240 days, at 7 cents 16 80
Total - $2,722 22
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government is annexed : —
The St. Joseph's Hospital, Guelph, was inspected by me on the 4tli
wlien the patients numl)ered 23, namely 11 males and 12 females.
48
Jul
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
The condition of the hospital throug-hoiit, in respect to cleanliness and order,
was very satisfactory. The wards have been newly floored with oak, and fire-
escapes are in course of erection.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann to make a second inspection of this
hospital. His report is annexed :
Acting under your instructions, I made an inspection of the St. Joseph's
Hospital, Guelph,on the 9th September, on which occasion there were 21 patients
in residence, viz., 5 males and 16 females. This building is still badly oft for an
efficient s^'stem of heating and water supply, but in other respects I found the
hospital in its usual excellent condition.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, PEMBROKE.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year :
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 14
Admitted --------- 127
Total number under treatment 141
Discharged - - - - - - - - -118
Died ---------- 13
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 13
141
Places received from.
From the Town of Pembroke ------ 45
From the County of Renfrew ----- (Jl
Other counties - - - - - - - -....
United States - _--_-_ 19
Other countries - - - - - - - - 16
141
Sex.
Male -.--.--.- - 79
Female . - 62
141
Nationalities.
Canadian --..-----79
English - 10
Irish ---------- 35
Scotch ---------- 6
United States ---_-_---i
Other countries -------- 10
141
Religious denominations.
Protestant -_----_.- 18
Roman Catholic --..--.- ]23
4 (H.) 49
141
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
General Hospital.. Pembroke, during the year :
J No. of cases treated..
T3'phoid .--------- 5
Typhus _------->--
Puerpural ----------
Cerebro spinal ---------
Diphtheria ----------
Smallpox ---------
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario ----- $1,201 56
From the Counties of Renfrew and Pontiac - - 34-0 00
From paying patients themselves - ■> - - 4-5 1 00
From subscriptions, bequests and donations of private
individuals ------- 848 79
Total -------- $2,841 85
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat ------
Butter --------
Flour, bread and meal -----
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee - - - - - -
Potatoes and other vegetables -----
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated -
Drugs and medicines ------
Beer, wine and spirits _ - - -
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings-
Brooms, brashes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Li<rht — gas oil and candles - - _ _
Water ---------
Hay and straw ------
Clothes for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice --------
Salaries and wages -_-._.
Taxes and insurance - - - _ .
Coffins and funerals ------
Contingencies _-.--.
Repairs, ordinary -------
Total
Government (jrant for 1801.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 4,075 <lays at 20 cents
Su})pleni<'ntary allowance, 4,075 at 10 cents per day
Total
$375
95
145
35
172
40
14
00
97
25
105
00
192
95
122
80
37
75
255
30
57
00
208
70
45
85
20
45
108
60
48
Go
12
00
2G0
00
6
60
32
50
255
05
02
95
12,727
10
$815
oa
407
50
$1,222
50
50
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Inspection.
A copy of my report to the Government upon this Hospital is annexed :
I visited the Pembroke Hospital on the 19th September.
The institution is Well kept in all respects. There were only two or three
cases under treatment on the day I called, and their diseases were not of" a
serious nature.
The books were found to be properly entered up.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, MATTAWA.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year :
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 12
Admitted --------- ig^
Total number under treatment 210
Discharged --------- 191
Died ---------- 10
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - y
210
Places received from.
From the village of Mattawa ------ 30
From the County of Renfrew _ _ _ _ _ 155
From other counties in the Province - - - - 13
United States and other countries ----- 12
210
8ex.
Male ---------- 180
Female ----__-__ 30
Nationalities.
210
Canadian ---------- I50
English 19
Irish - - - _ 31
Scotch - 3
United States --------- 2
Other countries ----_--_ 5
210
Religious denominatio ns.
Protestant -----.-. _2tj
Roman Catholic -------_ 184
Other religions ---_--._
210
51
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the
General Hospital, Mattawa, during the year :
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever - - - - - - - - 12
Typhus " -.----_-
Puerpural ----------
Cerebro Spinal Fever ._.----
Diphtheria ---------
Smallpox
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario ----- $1,231 3(»
From patients for maintenance and treatment - - 1,150 50
From subscriptions, bequests and donations of private
individuals ------- 962 49
Total - $3,344 29
Expenditures.
Butcher's meat -------
Butler ..--.--
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk - -
Tea, and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines -----
Beer, wine and spirits . _ . - .
Bedding, napery and general house furnishing -
Brooms, brushes, etc. ------
Fuel - - - .
Light — gas, oil and candles - -
Water supply ------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients -----.
Ice ---------
Salaries and wages .---..
Taxes and insuiance ------
Cortins and funerals .-..-.
Repairs, ordinary ------
Contingencies .-..---
Total
$475
50
175
50
350
60
20
75
70
15
100
25
175
00
74
27
50
25
200
00
15
00
500
00
60
00
100
00
80
00
75
00
15
00
350
00
9
00
100
uo
70
20
S3,266
47
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 4,075 days at 20 cents - |S15 00
.Sujjplementary alllowance, of 10 cents per day - - 407 50
Total $1,222 50
52
54 Vcitnria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Instructions.
Mr. Totten inspected the Mattawa general hospital at the request of Mr.
Christie on the 12th August, he reported as follows : —
I have the honour to report that on the 12th ult. I inspected the Mattawa
Hospital and found every part thereof scrupulously neat, clean and orderly The
hospital is a large three story brick building, situate on a commanding height on
the north side of the Mattawa River overlooking the village. At the time of my
visit there were but two inmates and these were convalescent.
I examined each department including tli^ male and female paying wards
as well as the non-paying wards, the bath house and culinary department and
all outbuildings, and found everything in good order.
My visit being wholly unexpected I was afforded an oppoi'tunity of examin-
ing the ordinary daily routine and management of the institution, and I can
report of the manner in which it seems to be conducted in language of commenda-
tion only.
THE JOHN H. STRATFORD HOSPITAL, BRANTFORD.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 25
Admitted --------- 245
Births in the Hospital ------- 7
Total number under treatment - - - _ 277
Discharged --------- 207
Died - - . - 36
Under treatment, 30th September. 1890 - - - . - 34
277
Places admitted from..
From the City of Brantford 239
From the County of Brant ------ 33
Other counties -------- .5
Sex.
Male ----...-.. 162
Female --------- 115
Nationalities.
Canadian --._.-. - _ 174,
English --------- 5(5
Irish ---------- 16
Scotch - - 17
United States - 7
Other countries -------- 7
277
277
277
53
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
Religious (hnominations.
Protestant -.---.--- 23S
Roman Catholic .-------- .39
Other religions, or not known -
277
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the John
H. Stratford Hospital, Brantford, during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever - . 48
Typhus "
Puerpural " ..-..--.
Cerebro Spinal Fever ..-..-- 1
Diplitheria ------.--
Smallpox .._.__---
Reven ue.
From the Province of Ontario . - . .
From the City of Brantford _ _ . . .
From the County of Brant -----
From patients for maintenance and treatment
From subscriptions, donations and bequests from private
individuals -------
Total --------
Exjjenditure.
Butchers' meat -------
Butter ---_--..-
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk - - - -
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicine - -
Medical and surgical appliances . - - .
■Surgical instruments ..-.--
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, napery and general house furnishing -
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles . . - -
Water supply --------
Hay an<i straw _---.-.
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice ....-----
Salaries and wages -------
Taxes and insurance ------
Coffins and funerals ......
Contingencies -....--
Repairs, ordinary .......
S2,534 40
1,500 00
500 00
1,344 25
1,010 60
$6,s89 25
$455
74
211
51
182
89
284
15
33
60
64
30
359
00
283
07
78
80
5G0
52
44
30
449
61
(58
00
33
50
1,280
91
10
30
51
00
22U
9:^
19(i
()G
Total
$4,880 .S5
54
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 18&1
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 7,388 days at 20 cents $1,477 60
Supplementary allowance, 7,388 days at 10 cents - 738 80
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment,
776 days at 7 cents ------ 54 32
Total ------- $2,?70 72
Inspections.
A copy of Dr. O'Rielly's report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed : —
I visited the John H. Stratford Hospital on the 24th June, when the patients
numbered 16, namely: 8 males, 5 females and 3 children.
The institution was in its usual condition of good order, and everything con-
nected with its management going on satisfactorily.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL, PORT ARTHUR.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - - 11
Admitted ----.-.. us
Total number under treatment _ - - 129
Discharged --------- 106
Died ----.-.-- 7
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - - 16
Places adrfiitted from.
Trom the town of Port Arthur ----- 66
From the Canadian Pacific Railway _ . . _ 24
From other parts of the Province ----- 28
From other countries ------- H
129
— 129
Sex.
Male ---------- 92
Female --.---__- 37
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------69
English --__-..-- 21
Irish ---------- 10
Scotch _--_----. 6
United States ---..... 1
Other countries --_--..- 22
55
129
129
54 \'ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
Religious denominations.
Protestant - ^ ■
Roman Catholic -
Other denominations
6o
64
129
The followinsjf table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the St.
Joseph's Hospital, Port Arthur during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Tvphoid Fever - 14
Typhus " --------
Puerpural " --------
Cerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diphtheria " -
Smallpox " -------
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario -
From the town of Port Arthur
From other municipalities in the Province
From paying patients themselves
From subscriptions, donations, etc. -
Total
Expenditures.
Batchers' meat ------
Butter --------
Flour, bread and meal - . - - -
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables . - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines ------
Surgical instruments - - - - -
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, etc. -------
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel --------
Light — gas, oil and candles . - - -
Water supply -------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance ------
Coffins and funerals ------
Contingencies -------
Kepairs, ordinary ...-.-
Total
Sl,286 24
400 00
410 00
575 00
$2,671 24
$ 249
00'
127
50
174
00
- 71
50
69
00
82
50
124
50
■ 154
50
15
50
7<S
25
45
00
- 89
50
192
00
47
00
- 44
50
21
00
- 19
75
338
00
- 45
00
:'.(')
/;>
- 1 4S
00
159
00
$2,281 75
5U
54 Victoria. Sessional^ Papers (No. 10), A. 1891
Governvient grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases 3,574 days at 20 cents - $714 80
Supplementaiy allowance, one-fourth Hospital revenue 346 25
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital tieatment,
248 days at 7 cents - - - - - 17 36
Total ---.... 81,078 41
BELLEVILLE HOSPITAL.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889 - - 6
Admitted ----_--. 131
Births in Hospital - - - - - - - ....
Total number under treatment - - 137
Discharged - - - - - - - - - 114
Died ---------- 13
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890 - - . - - 10
137
Places admitted from.
From the City of Belleville -_..-- 97
From the County of Hastings ----- 34
Other counties --------- Q
137
Sex.
Male -------._. 85
Female --------- 52
137
Nationalities.
Canadian -----._.. .5.;,
English ----------27
Irish ---------. 29
Scotch -----...._ 13
United States .---.-._ g
Other countries -------- 7
137
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --------- 92
Roman Catholic -----.--45
Other religions or not known - - - - - - . . . .
137
57
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers^No. 10). A. 1891
1,041
12
384 00
45
25
882
80
1,455
53
122
13
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the Belle-
ville Hospital during the year.
No of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever . . . _ . - _ 7
Typhus "------..
Puerpural " __-_-__-
Cerebro Spinal Fever - - - - - - - -..
Diphtheria .__--_---
Smallpox - - - - - - - - - -..
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontai'io - - - - -
From the City of Belleville -----
From the County of Hastings - - - - -
From patients for maintenance and treatment
From subscriptions, donations and bequests from private
individuals -_-..-
From other sources -------
Total ..._-.- $.3,930 83
ExpenditHyVes.
Butchers' meat -------
Butter ---------
Flour, bread and meal . _ _ - -
Milk ---------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - _ - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines - - - -
Medical and surgical appliances - - - -
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings -
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliance
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles - - - _
Water ---------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients ------
Ice su[)ply -...-..
•Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance ------
Contingencies -------
r\)frnis and funerals ------
Jl(.'pairs, oi-dinary -------
'i'otal -------
58
^271
51
103
83
128
22
180
83
72
36
- 30
53
188
33
2G4
23
74
54
- 30
70
251
78
51
48
38G
60
44
29
'7
66
- 12
15
17
15
086
50
22
50
- 140
92
fi9
90
$3,335
30
C54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases 3,762 clays at 20 cents - $752 40
Supplementary allowance 8,762 days at 10 cents - - 376 20
Allowance for improper cases for hospital treatment -
180 days at 7 cents ----- 9 10
Total ------- $1,137 70
Inspections.
A report made by Mr. Christie upon this Hospital is annexed :
I made an inspection of the Belleville Hospital on the 21st February, and
saw the 14 patients then under treatment, 11 males and 3 females.
The hosidtal was in excellent order, scrupulously clean and neat, and there
was every evidence of strict attention on the part of the Superintendent and her
assistants.
The books weie found to be properly kept, and the routine work of the
institution was being carried on most satisfactorily.
It is a matter of regret that Miss Linke who for the past three ami a half
years lias been so successful in systematizing and managing the operations of
the institution, has felt it desirable to tender her resignation of the position she
held as Superintendent.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make a second inspection of this
Hospital, a copy of his report is annexed :
I beg to report that as instructed by you I made an inspection of the Belle-
ville Hospital on the 17th September. There were seven patients under treat-
ment on that day, namely, six males and one female. The records show that 131
patients have been under treatment from the 1st October last to the date of my
visit.
The premises were thoroughly clean and neat, and gave evidence of care and
good management.
The books also were found to be properly written up.
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL HOSPITAL, BROCKVILLE.
The operations of this Hospital during the period under report are indicated
in the following summar}^ : —
Remaining under treatment 1st October, 1889 - - - 9
Admitted -----..-_ 84
Number of births in the Hospital
Total number under treatment - - - - 93
59
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Discharged --------- 75
Died - - . - 12
Under treatment on.SOth September, 1890 _ - _ 6
9a
Places admitted from.
From the Town of Brockville ------ 44
From the County of Leeds ------ 24
From other counties in the Province ----- 25
93:
Sex.
m
93
jMales ---------- 50
Females --------- 43
Nationalities.
Canadian -----.----53
English ----_---- 9
Irish --.----.-- 24
Scotch ---------
United States ---------
Other countries -------- 7
Religious Denominations.
Protestants --------- 43
Roman Catholics -------- 50
93
The following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the St.
Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville, during the year : —
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid Fever - - - - - - - - 12
Typhus " --------
Puerpural " -__--..-..
Cerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diphtheria --------- 3
Smallpox ---------
The two annexed statements shew the revenue and expenditure respectively
of the Hospital during the year : —
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontai'io . - - -
From paying patients themselves . _ . -
From all sources not enumerated - - - -
S2G8
2G
550
73
.SO 4
85
$1,183 84
GO
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat -------
Butter -------__
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk - - - .
Tea and coffee ------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines and medical appliances
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings -
Brooms, brushes, mops, sjap and cleaning appliances
Fuel -------..
Light — gas, oil and candles -----
Water ---------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice supply --------
Salaries and wages -------
Coffins and funerals ------
Contingencies --------
Repairs, ordinary ------
Total expenditure for maintenance - - - S905 94
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance of 20 cents per day on 8,209 days' treatment
of patients - - - - - - - - $641 80
Supplementary allowance of one-fourth of Hospital
revenue -------- 228 89
$230 22
35
40
73
46
74 07
oQ
54
18
42
120
00
111
12
21
18
48
74
9
30
38
20
9
25
27
08
8
99
10
00
1
70
12
27
$870 69
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed : —
I inspected the St. Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville, on the 16th April,
and the eight patients then under treatment — four males and four females — all
•of whom were proper subjects for curative treatment. The patients were being
well cared for in every respect, and the institution was in good order throughout.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this Hospital.
A copy of his i-eport is annexed : —
As instructed by you, I made an inspection of the St. Vincent de Paul
Hospital, Brockville, on the 4th September. There were then nine patients
'being cared for — live males and four females. The condition of the institution
-as regards cleanliness and order api)eared to be very satisfactory.
The present accommodation for patients is limited to twelve beds, but the
ananagement have in contemplation the erection of a new building next year.
61
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. n91
THE BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL.
The following summaries shew the operations of tliis Hospital during the
official year : —
Number under treatment on the 30th September, 1889 - 14
Number admitted -------- 96
Number of births -------- 4
Total number under treatment _ - - 1 [4
Discharged ---------88
Died - - 11
Remaining under treatment on the .SOth September, 1890 - 15
114
Places admitted from.
From the Town of Brockville - - - - - - 66
Fron*the Counties of Leeds and Grenville _ - _ 43
From other counties in the Province ----- 5
From the United States _.----
Other countries --------
114
Sex.
Males - - - - 70
Females --------- 44
114
Nationalities.
Canadian ----------69
English --------- 9
Irish ---------- 14
Scotch --------- 12
United States --------- 7
Other countries -------- 3
114
Religious Denominations.
Protestants - - - - - - - - -108
Roman Catholics -------- G
114
Tlie following table gives a summary of certain diseases treated in the.-
Brockville General Hospital during thejyear : —
No. of caHes treated.
Typhoid Fever - - - - - - - - 17
'I'yjdius " ---..-.-
Pu<rpural " ----_.__
Cerebro Spinal Fever -------
Diplitlieria ----.-.-. 13
Smallpox ---..--.-
• G2
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
Revenue.
From the Province of Ontario -----
From the Counties of Leeds and Grenville
From payino- patients ----._.
From subscriptions bequests, and donations of private
individuals -------_
From other sources, not enumerated - - - -
Expenditure.
Butchers' meat ----.__
Butter -----___
Flour, bread and meal ----._
Milk -..._._.
Tea and coffee - - i _ _ . _
Potatoes and other vegetables' - - - -
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated
Drugs and medicines - - . . .
Medical and surgical appliances - -
Beer, wine and spirits - - - - .
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel -------..
Light — gas, oil and candles - - - .
Water supply ---_.._
Hay and straw ---.__
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes -
Ice supply ----...
Salaries and wages ----..
Taxes and insurance - - - - .
Coffins and funerals ----..
Contingencies -----_.
Eepairs, ordinary ---._.
$391 20
300 00
805 74
2,0 i8 48
784 10
Total
$4,229
52
$329
76
113
29
146
42
159
00
55
60
165
00
291
41
138
08
o
70
48
00
lOO
00
14
00
7(J5
08
10(1
00
45
00
2
00
804
51>
760
UO
129
40
$4,060
Government grant fur 1891.
Allowance for 3,883 days' treatment of patients, at 20
cents per day ----... . 177(3 q^
Supplementary allowance, 3,883 days at 10 cents - 388 30
Allowance for improper cases for Hospital treatment, 283
at 7 cents per day - - - - _ . . 19 81
Total
$1,K"^4 71
Inspections.
A copy of Mr. Christie's report to the Government upon this Hospital is
annexed : — ^
I inspected the General Hospital, Bruckyille, on the 16th April, when I
found its routine work being carried on in a very satisfactory manner.
63
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
The patients numbered 13, 7 males and 6 females, all of whom appeared to
be receiving; proper care and attention. Since my former visit two mofe of the
private wards have been furnished by different societies or associations, and the
appointments of each are excellent. The hospital is in a well ke[)t condition,
and is well equipped with all modern appliances.
The books were examined and found to be in good order.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make an inspection of this hospital.
A cop}'^ of his report is annexed : —
I have the honor to report that I made an inspection of the Brockville
General Hospital, on the 4th September, when there were 12 patients in resi-
dence, 5 males and 7 females.
The condition of the wards, rooms and premises generally was most satisfac-
tory, commendable order and neatness being observed throughout.
The building is heated and ventilated by the " Smead " system, and lighted by
jelectric liirht.
GENERAL AND MARINE HOSPITAL, COLLINGWOOD.
The following summaries show the operations of this hospital during the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889
Admitted --------- 38
Total number under treatment . - - 38
Discharged ---------34
Died ----------
Under treatment, 30th October, 1890 - - - - 4
Places received fronn.
38
From the Town of Collingwood ------ 16
From the County of Simcoe ------ 12
From other counties in the Province - - - - 10
Sex.
Male - - 10
Female --------- 22
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------17
English --------- 11
Irish ----- 5
Scotch ....----- 4
United States -------- 1
Other countries --------
64
38
38
38
54: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A 1891
Religious denominations.
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Other reiio-ions
32
6
88
The following table gives a summary of certain cases treated in the General
and Marine Hospital, Collingwood, during the year :
No. of cases treated.
Typhoid fever
Typhus
Puerpural "
Cerebro Spinal fever
Diphtheria
Smallpox
Revenue.
From paying patients themselves
From subscriptions, donations, etc.
Total
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat _.--_.
Butter - - . - - .
Flour, bread and meal - - - _ .
Milk --------
Tea and coffee _---_.
Potatoes and other vegetables - - -
Groceries and other provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines - . _ . .
Fuel -----. - -
Light — gas, oil and candles . - - .
Salaries and wages -----
Contingencies - . - _ _ .
Total
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital case, 1,070 days at 20 cents
Supplementary allowance, 1,070 days at 10 cents
Total
Inspections.
1
$786 68
347 34
$1,084 02
$397 9^
113
26
132
00
15
41
385
70
37
50
$1,084
02
$214
00
107
00
$321 00
Copies of Dr. O'Reilly's reports to the Government upon this Hospital are
annexed : —
The managers of the General and Marine Hospital, Collingwood, having
presented a petition to His Honour the Lieutenaiit-Govei'nor, the prayer of
which was tliat their hospital might be placed upou the list for assistance iiiuler
the Charity Aid Act, and such petition having been referred to me, I visited
5 (H.) «5
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Collino-wood on Monday, 24tli ult., for the purpose of inspecting the hospital, with
a view to reporting the ^ame to His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor in Council.
This hospital is a brick building of suitable construction, and contains two
wards of six beds each, one for males and for females, and in addition there are
three private wards of one bed each, making a total of 15 beds.
Of course in a hospital of this size, and with only one general ward for each
sex there is no opportunity for the classification of patients; but the board of raan-
ao-eis have in contemplation the erection of an extension to the building as soon
as their funds will permit.
So far as this hospital goes it is very complete in all its parts. It is situated
in the outskirts of the town of Collingwood on as favourable a site perhaps as
there is in the neighbourhood. Just at present the water supply is taken from
a well on the grounds, but town water works are being erected and it is expected
that in a very few weeks a full supply of water from that source will be had in
the hospital.
The building is heated by a combination of hot air and hot water.
The weather was very mild on the day I was at the hospit'el, but I am told the
heating is fairly efficient
There being no sewers in the part of the town in which the hospital is
situated, the sewage is conducted into a pit at some distance from the building.
It remains to be seen whether tliis plan of sewage will be found efficient.
The plumbing is not done according to modern ideas, and some mistakes have
already been discovered which it is said have been remedied, and I am inclined
to think that, in respect to its sanitation, an overhauling of the building will
eventually be necessary.
The staff of the hospital consists of a matron, who has undergone an efficient
training, a trained nurse, a cook and a little girl, and a man who is occasionally
in attendance to look after the furnace and assist when required in heavy work.
This man does not live on the premises. This staff has been f()uud quite sufficient
for the present working of the institution.
Indigent patients are admitted to this hospital free. Patients able to pay are
charged 82.80 j)er week for accommodation in the ordinary wards, and those in
private wards ai e charged at the rate of $5.00 and $0.00 per v.'-eek.
The building has been erected and will be maintained entirely by private
effi)rt, with such assitance as may be granted by the county and other municipali-
ties and the Dominion Government, which gives a grant of 90 cents per day for
sailors only, and the money that will be earned and paid under the provision of
the Charity Aid Act of Ontario.
The hospital was formally opened on the 24th October, lS8f), and the first
patient received on the 2nd November, 1889. Since that time there have been
".iO patients admitted, seven males and 13 females. Theaggregatestayofthe.se
patients has been up to date of inspection, 3tJ9 days.
I have much pleasure in saying that [ consider this hospital, as yet in its
infancy, one which, in present condition reflects much credit upon the ladies and
gentlemen who have been instrumental in its establishment.
I have the honour, therefoi-e, to reconunend that an Order in Council he
passed placing the General and Marine Hi)spital, of Collingwooil, on the list for
aid under R. S. O., Cap. 248, entitled " An Act. to regulate public aid to Charit-
able Institutions."
I again inspected the (icmcral ai»d Nhirine Hospital, Collingwood, on the .'h-d
Jtdy, when there were 5 patients under treatment, namely, 2 males and :i females.
I foind the Institution in good older, and evtuything connected with its mana^e-
wout going on satisfactorily.
66
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. Ih91
THE NICHOLS HOSPITAL, PETERBOROUGH,
The following summaries show the operations of this Hospital during the
official year : —
Movevients of patients.
Number under treatment, 1st October, 1889
Admitted --____
Births in hospital _ - _ .
Total number under treatment -
Discharged - - _ _ _
Died ---....
Under treatment, 30th September, 1890
Places received from.
From the Town of Peterborough
From the County of Peterborough
From other Counties of the Province
From the United States - - - .
From oiher countries - - - -
Sex.
Male -
Female
Protestant -
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Iribh -
Scotch
United States
Other countries
Religious denomination.
Nationalities.
7
86
— 93
84
5
4
— 93
65
17
9
1
1
— 93
48
45
— 93
88
5
— 93
47
28
9
8
1
— 93
The following table gives a summary of certain cases treated in the Nichols
Hospital, Peterborough, during the year.
Typhoid Fever
Typhus Fever
Puerpural Fever
Cerebro Spiuai Fever
Diphtheria
Smallpox
No. of cases treated.
- 6
67
51 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Revenue.
From the Province. - - - - - - - S 679 20
From the Town of f*eterborough - - - - ,S,710 52
From patients themselves, for maintenance and treat-
ment --- 07.S 05
From property belonging to .the Hospital - - - 1)00 00
From subscriptions, donations and bequests from pri-
vate individuals _-_.-- 5 00
$5,967 77
Expenditure.
Butcher's meat _--.---
Butter --------
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk --------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - -
Groceries and provisions, not enumerated
Drugs and medicines - - - _ -
Surgical instruments ------
Beer, win3 and spirits _ - - - -
Bedding, napery and general house furnishings
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap and cleaning appliances
Fuel ---------
Light — gas, oil and candles - - - -
Water supply -------
Clothing for patients _ - - - -
Ice ---------
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance ------
Ooffins and funerals ------
Contingencies -.---.
Repairs, ordinary ------
Total -------- $0,261 83
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 2,859 days at 20 cents per
day - - S571 80
Supple uientary allowance, 2,859 days, at 10 cents - 285 i)0
'i'otal ---.-.. $857 70
Insi'kctions.
A report made by Mr. Christie upon this Hospital is annexed: —
According to instructions I hog to report that 1 visited thu Nichol's Hospital,
Peterborougli, on the 12th March, an<l found that new buihlings spuciall / erected
for the inatitution had been completed and taken possession ol in January last.
6«
$ 246
61
45
96
110
14
91
48
40
00
100
58
500
08
404
35
77
59
40
00
60
00
883
47
33
20
359.
80
145
37
62
11
31
85
2,236
58
107
:^0
3!il
49
343
67
\ Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10.) A. 1891
The hospital was established under the authority of Vie. 49, cap. 87 (1886),
but active operations were commenced previous to its incorporation, namely, in
June, 188-5, and have been carried on successfully ever since.
By the liberal donations of Mrs. Nichol's the hospital trusfc has been enabled
to erect the present commodious structure at a cost of about S80,U00.00, and the
subsequent liberal grants from the same lady for the endowment of the institu-
tion aftbrd material assistance in its maintenance.
I found the buildings, from a structural point of view, well adapted for
hospital work, and, arcliitecturally, pleasing in appearance. The site chosen is an
excellent one, and the internal fittings are all well adapted for the accommodation
of patients under treatment.
In the arrangement of the heating, ventilation, light, the comfort of the
patients has been kept well in view, and the appliances are of the most modern
description. In fact, the institution authorities are to be congratulated upon the
complete and appropriate provision made throughout for carrying on the curative
work of the hospital.
There were six patients in residence under treatment at the time of my
visit, and the accommodation at present furnished is ample for, say, fiftj'' patients.
When the attic or upper story is required it will atford room for from twenty
to twenty-five more patients.
The number of patients under treatment from the 30th Sept., 1888, to the
1st October, 1889, was 76, and their total stay was equal to 2,264 days during
that year, which, if the institution had been receiving aid under ihe provisions
of the Charity Aid Act, would have entitled this hospital to receive the sum of
$679.20.
In view, therefore, of the length of time during which the hospital has been
in aetiv^e operation, and the extent of its work anterior to this date, I would
respectfully recommend, provided the Government approve that an Order in
Council be passed, ordering that the Nichol's Hospital, Peterborough, be taken
as named in Scheedule "A" of the Charity Aid Act, and that it receive aid in
accordance with the provisions of that Act, from the 1st October, 1889, and that
the above named sum (.$679.20), for work done during the previous year be pro-
vided for in the supplementary estimates during the present session of the
legislature.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr Mann to make an inspection of this hospital. A
copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you I made the second inspection for the year 1890 of the
Nichol's Hospital, Peterborough, on the loth August.
There were only three patients in residence undergoing treatment, and these
were all women, who appeared to be on a fair wa}'' to recovery, at least, so they
expressed themselves, and stated that they were quite satisfied with the treat-
ment they were receiving. This hospital would be a credit to ai,ny town much
larger than Peterborough, and it is quite evident that great foresight has been
exercised both in the erection and the location of the building, and under the
management of those in charge is evidently doiug a good work.
The first floors laid down are found to be defective on account of the poor
qualit}^ of the lumber used, they have, however, been torn up and replaced by
hardwood in all of the wards with the exception of the lower one, and it is cont-nn-
plated that this one will also be replaced by hardwood so soon as the carpenter
has completed some minor repairs which are being made in other portions of the
building. The books were examined and found to be entered up and ])roi)erlv
kept.
69
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
HOMCEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this hospital durinfj the
official year : —
Movements of patients.
Number under treatment in the hospital 1st October, 1889 -
Admitted ---------
Births in the hospital- _.-._-.
Total number under treatment - ' -
Discharges, including infants ------
Died ----------
Under treatment, 30th September, 1891-
Places received from.
From the City of Toronto ------
From the Couuty of York ------
From other counties of the Province -----
From United States -------
From other countries, including immigrants
Sex.
Male
Female
86
7
68
5
20
79
3
10
1
39
54
93
93
93
— 93
Nationalities.
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch
United States
Other countries
Roligious denomi/nations.
Protestant - - -
Roman Catholic -
Other religions, or not known^
31
29
19
9
3
2
— 93
72
14
7
— 93
The following lahle ^ives a summary of certain cases trcuteil in the
Homoeopathic Hospital, Toronto during ihe year : —
Typhoid Fever, number of cases treated
Typhus
Pueipiaal " " "
(Jerebral Spinal Fever "
Diphtlieria
Smallpox
70
of caBL'H treated.
5
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 10).
A. 1891
Revenue.
From the City of Toronto, in pa3'ment of patients'
maintenance __..._
From paying patients themselves - - - -
Subscriptions, donations and bequests of private
individuals ._---_
From all other sources not above enumerated
Total
Expenditure.
Butchers meat -------
Butter - - - - - - - - -
Eggs - - - -----
Flour, bread and meal ------
Milk- --------
Tea and coffee -------
Potatoes and other vegetables - - - -
Groceries and provisions not enumerated
Drugs and medicines ------
Medical and surgical appliances - - - -
Siii-gical instruments ------
Beer, wine and spirits ------
Bedding, napery, and general house furnishing
Brooms, brushes, mops, soap, and cleaning appliances
Fuel - --------
Light — gas, oil, ana cadles -----
Water supply --------
Hay and straw -------
Clothing for patients, including boots and shoes
Ice - -------
Salaries and wages ------
Taxes and insurance ------
Contingencies -------
Repairs, ordinary ------
Advertising, stationery, etc - - - - -
Government grant for 1891.
Allowance for Hospital cases, 2,834 days at 20 cents.
Supplementary allowance 2,834 days at 10 cents -
$526 00
111 30
3,782 .50
248 89
$4,6G8 69
$183 29
Total
51 75
116 39
65 70
358 60
83 72
890 58
100 90
55 41
479 91
31 00
407 39
52,824 64
5566 80
283 40
5850 20
Inspections.
Mr. Christie's reportsupon this hospital to the Government are annexed :
In accordance with instructions I visited the Homoeopathic Hospital on
Richmond Street in this city on the 20th February and made an inspection ol"
the institution throughout.
71
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 10). A. 1891
Although for some time past a free Dispensary has been established under
the supervision of the gentlemen practicing this 83'stem or" medicine and relief by
this means has been atioi-ded to over 1,000 oiit-door patients during the past
year. Yet the institution as at present organized for the treatment of indoor
patients has only been in active operations since January last in the present
premises.
After due enquiry I found the object of the promoters to be the establish-
ment of an hospital for the general treatment of patients under tlie hooeopathic
system, and the institution is now incorporated under the "Benevolent and
Provident Socities, Act (R. S. 0. Cap. 172.)
A copy of the Constitution, rules and regulations for the government of the
institution are hereto appended. They have been compiled with due regard to
the extended experience of similar institutions in Great Britain and elsewhere,
for the purpose of perfecting as far as possible the internal routine and working
of the hospital, and are sufficient for the purposes of the organization.
On the day of my visit I found eight patients under treatment, all of whom
were evidently well cared for and their surroundings were comfortable and in
proper order. The above number of patients occupied the room at present at
the di.sposal of the management ; but as set forth in the petition the board are
contemplating the leasing of the adjoining premises which will considerably
enlarge the accommodation for indoor patients.
The authorities have up to the present time been relying upon voluntary
contributions for the maintenance of the institution — with the exception of the
sums of ..^200 -end S250 granted by the city council for the years 1888 and 1889,
respectively ; and in this commendable effort has been made to place the hospital
upon satisfactory basis. From the well-known reputation of the president, the
vice-president, and board of management the thorough establishment and per-
manency of the institution may be looked upon as guaranteed. I would there-
fore recommend that the prayer of thepetition]begranted, and an order in council
be pas.sed ordering that the Homoiopathic Hospital, Toronto, be taken as named
in schedule A, of the Charity Aid Act, and that it receive aid in accordance with
the provisions of that Act since the date of its opening, namely, 1st January,
1890.
I made an inspection of the Homoeopathic Hospital, Toronto, on the 14th
OctoVjer, and on that occasion met several piominent parties, interested in the
success of the institution, who gave me all rccpiired information regarding its new
location, etc. Since my Idrmer inspection much superior acconmiodation has
been secured for the hospital by the purchase of the premises now occupied, at
201 Jarvis street, at a cost of nearly $14,000, and the acquirement of this pro-
perty h IS been effected after considerable effort on the part of the patrons of the
institution.
There were twenty patients under treatment on the day of my visit, namely,
twelve males and eight females ; and the total number of beds 29 — to be in-
creased to 'AH. The organization of nurses and attendants was on a very satis-
factory Vjasis, and the liospital was in excellent order in all respects.
Further improvements an; coiitemplated in the n»;ar future, the principal of
which is the refitting and furnisliing of the biilMing immediately in the rear of
the premi.seH for use as isolated wards for the treatment ot" infectious and con-
tagious di>eases. Wjien this is accomplished tlie hospital will be well adapted
for the treatment of all classes of disease, and its thorough e(|uipnient, according
K) its capacity, will insure the piojjcr care and treatment of patients.
72
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLIC CHARITIES
UPON THE
HOUSES OF REFUGE
ORPHAN AND MAGDALEN ASYLUMS
AIDED BY THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO,
BEING FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER, 1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO:
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 AND 70 FRONT STREET WEST,
1891.
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11) A. 1891
Office of the
Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, December, 1890.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit here with, to be presented to His Honour
the Lieutenant-Governor, the Twenty-first Annual Report upon the Houses of
Eefuge and Orphan and Magdalen Asylums aided by the Province, being for the
year ending 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be. Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
T. r. CHAMBERLAIN.
Inspector.
The Honourable
J. M. Gibson, M.P.P.,
Secretary for the Province of Ontario,
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
HOUSES OF REFUGE AND ORPHAN AND MAGDALEN ASYLUMS.
TWENTY-FIRST
AN N UAL REPORT
OP THE
INSPECTOR OF PRISONS AND PUBLC CHARITIES
FOR THE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.
Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, October 1890.
To the Honourable Sir Alexander Campbell, K. C. M. G.,
Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario.
May it Please your Honour: —
Herewith I beg to submit the Twenty-first Annual Eeport upon the
Houses of Refuge and the Orphan and Magdalen Asylums aided by the Province
of Ontario, being for the official year ending on the 30th September, 1890.
I have the honour to be,
Your Honour's most obedient servant,
T. F. CHAMBERLAIN,
Inspector.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
CONTENTS.
Page.
Hou.SES OF Refuge 1.42
Number of Refuges aided by the Province 1
Table shelving names and operations of Refuges 1
Sexes of inmates _ ^ 2
Religious denominations of inmates 2
Nationalities of inmates 2
Previous residence of inmates 2
Aggregate and average stay of inmates 3
Grants to Refuges for 1890, table shewing 4
Table of amounts expended ior maintenance 5
Separate Reports upon Refuges 6.42
House of Industry, Toronto , tj.i^
House of Providence, Toronto 7.9
Home for Incurables, Toronto 9-11
Aged Women's Home, Toronto 1 1-12
St. John's Hospital, Toronto 12-1 3
Convalescent H»me, Toronto 13-15
The Church Home, Toronto 1.5-16
House of Refuge, Hamilton . . 10-17
Home for Aged Women, Hamilton 18
House of Industry, Kingston 19-20
House of Providence, Kingston 20-22
Protestant Home for A ged and Friendless, London 22-23
Roman Catholic House of Refuge, London 23-24
Home for Aged Women, London '25-26
St. Patrick's Refuge, Ottawa 20-27
St. Charles' Hospice, Ottawa 27-28
Home for the Aged, Ottawa 29-30
Refuge Branch, Orphan's Home Ottawa ;)0-31
House of Providence, Guelph 31-32
Protestant Home, St. Catherines 33
The Thomas Williams' Home, St. Thomas 34-35
House of Providence, Dundas 35-36
Home for the Friendless, Chatham 36-38
The Widows' Home, Brantford 38-39
The Home for the Friendless, Belleville 39-40
The Protestant Home, Peterborough 41-42
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Page.
Orphan AsYLtMs 43-74
Increase in number of lumates 43
Sex, religious denominations, etc., of the children 43
Total numbei' maintained 43
Grants to Orphan Asylums for 1890, table of 45
Cost of maintaining Asylums, table of 46
Aggregate stay of Inm:ites 46
Separate Report.s upon Orphan Asylum.s 47-74
Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Toronto 47-48
Protestant Orphans' Home, Toronto 48-49
Girls' Home, Toronto 49-50
Boys' Home, Toronto 50-51
Newsboys' Lodgings, Toronto 51-52
Infants' Home, Toronto . . 52-53
St. Nicholas Home, Toronto 54
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 55-56
The Haven 56-57
St. INIary's Orphan Asylum, Hamilton 57-58
Protestant Orphan Asylum, Hamilton 58-59
Boys' Home, Hamilton 59-60
Girls' Home, Hamilton 60
Home for the Friendless, Hamilton 61
Orphans' Home, Kingston 62-63
House of Providence Orphanage, Kingston 63-64
Hotel Dieu Orphanage, Kingston 64-65
Ori)hans' Home, Ottawa 65-66
St. Patrick's Orphan's Asylum, Ottawa 66-67
St. .Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Ottawa 67-68
Roman Catholic Orphans' Home, London 68-69
Protestant Orphans' Home, London 69-70
Women's Refuge and Infants' Home, London 70-71
Protestant Home (r)rphanage Branch) St. Catharines 71-72
St. Agatha Orphanage Asylum 72-73
Orphans' Home, Fort William 73-74
MAf;i>Ai,KX Asylums 75-79
Table shewing muvements of inmates 76
Religious denominations, etc., of inmates 75
Government grants, table of 76
Maintenance, cost of 76
Skpakate Rei'ofsts 77-79
Industrial Refuge, Torc^nto 77
(i()<)<\ Shejilierd'H Refuge for Fallen Women, Toronto 78
Good Shepherd Magdalen Asylum, Ottawa 79
Xlll.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
HOUSES OF REFUGE
No change has taken place in the number of Refuges aided by Government
since the writing of the last report, there being twenty-one of this class of Insti-
tutions on the list. There was a small increase, however, in the number of
inmates as compared with the previous year, The amount of aid will therefore
be somewhat increased also. See table.
The first table gives a summary of the operations of each institution during
the 3'ear. The totals of a similar table included in the repoit for 1889 are also
added, so that comparison can be made.
NAME OF REFUGES.
House of Industry
House of Providence
Home for Incurables
Aged Women's Home .,
St. John's Hospital
Convalescent Home ....
The Church Home
House of Refuge
Home for Aged Women
House of Industry
House of Providence
Protestant Home for Aged and Friendless
Roman Catholic House of Refuge
Home for Aged Women
St. Patrick's Refuge
St. Charles' Hospice . .,
Home for the Aged .
Orphans' Home (Refuge Branch)
House of Providence
Protestant Home (Refuge Branch)
The Thomas Williams Home
House of Providence ,
Home for the Friendless
The Widows' Home
The Home for the Friendless
The Protestant Home
Locations.
Toronto.
Totals, 1890
Totals, 1889
"1 (R.)
Hamilton ,
Kingston
London. . .
Ottawa .
Guelph
St. Catharines .
St. Thomas
Dundas
Chatham
Brantford
Belleville
Peterborough . .
a> J.
•SO
c-S
O r-l
P-o .
VM , o:
O SS «)
i^J
/5
72
' 309
' 94
16
21
11
12
101
23
43
71
2
.52
15
110
75
23
14
41
3
17
82
16
9
9
17
1,258
1,211
P3 $
s.s
75
230
51
6
172
231
5
124
100
78
35
15
129
28
20
9
56
13
65
6
8
5
8
1,470
1,374
j:i bo
■g « OJ
147
.539
145
22
193
242
17
225
24
143
149
2
87
30
239
103
43
23
97
3
30
147
22
17
14
25
55
172
13
'2
178
213
5
110
"84
49
1
26
9
87
21
8
5
62
12
58
6
6
4
4
2,728 1,192
2,585 1,125
197
20O
0! 00
K 0) 1-1
c bo
O 3 tT
=> teg-
c ao
7^
85
322
104
19
10
27
12
106
23
53
76
50
19
137
72
29
15
28
1
13
82
14
11
10
21
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
The usual information obtained from each Eefuge in respect of sex, religious
denominations, nationalities, and previous residences of the inmates, has been
summarized as under :
Sex.
Male -
Female
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch
United States
Other Countries
Religious Denoviinations.
Nationalities.
1,220
1,2U4
1,338
1,091
-2,424,
-2,424.
C77
.535
969
148
49
56
!,424
Previous Residence.
Received from Cities or Towns in which the Refuges are
located ..____.-
Received irom Counties in which the Refuges are located
Received from other Counties in the Province
Emigrants and Foreigners - - - -
1,577
297
400
90
-2,424^
-t Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
The next table shews the aojf,'regate stay of the inmates, upon which the
amount of aid to he granted by the Government to each Refuge is ba^^ed. The
average stay per inmate is also given : —
NAMES OF REFUGES.
Location.
House of Industry
House of Providence
Home for Incurables
Aged Women's Home ....'.
St. John's Hospital
Cunvalescent Home
The Church Home
House of Refuge
Home for Aged Women
H ouse of Industry
House of Providence
Protestant Home fv)r Aged and Friendless
Roman Catholic House of Refuge
Home for Aged Women
St. Patrick's Refuge
St. Charles' Hospice
Home for the Aged
Orphans' Home (Refuge Branch)
House of Providence
Protestant Home (Refuge Branch)
The Thomas Williams' Home
House of Providence
Home for the Friendless
The Widow's Home
The Home for the Friendless
The Protestant Home
Totals, 1890
Totals, 1889
Toronto
do
do
do
do
do
do
Hamilton
^ do
Kingston
do
London
do
do
Ottav/a
do
do
do
Guelph
St. Catharines.
St. Thomas . . . .
Dundas
Chatham
Brantford ... .
Belleville
Peterborough. .
2,728
2,585
147
539
145
22 I
193
242
17
225
24
143
W)
2
87
30
239
103
43
23
97
3
30
147
22
17
14
31,402
11(5,975
S6,30G
7, 69 J
6,184
6,626
4,065
38,167
8,564
19,541
34,088
582
19,707
5,666
46,126
27,103
9,392
5,417
11,797
800
5,619
32,157
6,506
3,611
3,.S44
6,955
49 i, 394
477,845
be (S
213
217
250
349
32
27
239
169
357
136
228
291
226
188
193
263
218
235
121
266
187
218
295
212
239
278
181
185
The next table shews the amounts which will be submitted to the Legislature
for approval, as the grants to the institutions named. These amounts are based
on the aggregate stay of the inmates in each refuge. The sum recommended for
1891 is greater than that voted in 1890, the refuges having done more work, as
is shown by the increased stay.
5-1: V^ictoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11)
A. 18M
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Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
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5
H H
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
SEPARATE EE POETS.
147
— 147
147
147
HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, TORONTO.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries.
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - - 72
Admitted ----------75
Total number of inmates -----
Discharged ----------55
Died ---------- 7
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 85
Places Admitted From.
From the Cit}'' of Toronto _.---_ 136
From the County of York and other counties - - - 7
Emifi^rants and foreifjners ------ 4
Sex.
Males ......--- 109
Females - _____-. 38
Nationalities.
Canadian --------- 5
English __-_----- 74
Irish ---------- 49
Scotch ----------15
United States ------- 2
< )ther countries _.-.---- 2
Religious Denominations.
Protestant 131
Roman Catholic -------- 16
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario . . - - $2,217 .S2
From the City of Toronto . . _ - - 8,000 00
From inmates 370 80
Jneoinc from ])ro[icrty belonging to the House - - 1,151 00
Siibscriptions an<l donations of private individuals - 2,158 51
I'roin oilier sources .__.-- 2,213 58
$16,111 21
G
147
147
64 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds .__---
Clothing, furniture and furnishings - - -
Fuel, light and cleaning . _ . _ -
Salaries and wages ------
Other expenditures _ _ _ . .
Govern7nent Aid for 1S91.
Allowance for 31,402 days at 5 cents
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day
Total -----
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is an-
nexed : —
I made an inspection of the House of Industry. Toronto, on the 11th April.
There were on that date 93 inmates — 65 males and 28 females. The routine
-vrork of the institution was apparently being carried on in a satisfactory raan-
nsr. The wood cutting arrangement, whereby applicants for casual relief are
required to do so much work for their board and lodging, has been continued
daring the past winter and has proved very satisfactory as a means of employ-
nent for the tramp class.
I found the House in good condition and the books in proper order.
$6,775
80
695
52
5,549
30
924
44
1,779
06
$15,724 12
81,570
10
628
04
$2,198
14
HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE, TORONTO.
Full particulars of the operations of this Institution will be found in the
annexed summaries.
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889' ----- 309
Admitted ------- - - 230 ^
Total number of inmates . - - 539
Discharged - - - - - - - - -172
Died ---------- 45
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 322
;39
Places Adnriitted From.
City of Toronto -------- 397
County of York, and other counties of Ontario - - 139
Emigrants and foreigners ------- 3
539
54 Vcitoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Sex.
Male ----.---.- 198
Female ------._. 341
53a
Nationalities.
Canadian ---.-_._. 137
Enijlish - - .- - - - - - - - 33
Irish ------.... 352
Scotch - - . _ ..... 8
Other countries ----._.. 9
— — 539
Religious Denominations.
Protestant ....--...22
Roman Catholics - - - - - - - -517
, Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario .... $10,251 21
From the City of Toronto - . . . . 1,400 00
From inmates, in payment of board - - - 3,220 20
Subscriptions, donations, and bequests of private indi-
viduals - - - - - - - 7,268 57
From other sources .-....- 7,010 44
539
$29,150 42
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds --.._- $11,94532
Clothing, furniture and furnishings - - - 2,467 54
Fuel, light and cleaning - . . . . 2,317 80
Wa^'es - - ' - - - - - - 206 00
Ordinary repairs .-.-.. 426 33
Additions to buildings ----.- 8,495 00
Other expenditures - - - - - - 3,111 94
$28,970 02:
Government Aid for 1891.
Alhjwance for 90,489 days, at 5 cents - - - $4,524 4.5
Supplementary aid, 2 cents per day - - - 1,809 78
$6,334 23
Incurable Branch.
Allowances for 20,486 days, at 15 cents - - - 3,972 DO
Total $10,307 13
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by I\Ir. Christie to the Government is an-
nexed : —
I made an inspection of the House of Providence, Toronto, on the 26th May.
The register showed that there were in residence on that day 460 persons — 120
men, 206 women, and 134 youths under 12 yeai'S. Of the above 72 were registered
and properly certified as incurable, 31 being males and 41 females.
I found the institution in its usual condition of good order throughout ;
although a noticeable feature in this connection is the crowded state of that portion
of the building, set apart for the old and feeble men ; and I regretted to learn that
no immediate relief may be looked for by the erection of the new addition which
has been spoken of for some time. I was informed, however, that building
operations to extend the accommodation at " Sunnyside " Orphanage are in pro-
gress, and when completed the girls now in residence in this institution will be
removed This change will greatly benefit the children, and at the same time
make the old people much more comfortable.
HOME FOR INCURABLES, TORONTO.
Full particulai's of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - - 94
Admitted --------- 51
Total number of inmates ------ 145
Discharged ---------13
Died ---------- 28
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 104
145
Place achnitfed from.
From City of Toronto - - - - - - -117
From the County of York and other counties - - 28
145
Sex.
Male ----------75
Female --------- 70
Nationalities.
Canadian -- -------- 38
English ---------- 54
Irish ---------- 31
Scotch ---------- 12
United States ....-.--. Q
Other countries -------- 4
145
145
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. ISM
Religious Denominations.
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Other reliiTions
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario
From the City of Toronto
From other municipalities
Payments from inmates
Subscriptions and donations
Other sources
- 138
-
3
-
4
—
—
145
$4,90 1
70
1,500
00
3,863
96
6,457
21
1,612
09
Expenditure.
$18,334 96
Food of all kinds $5,420 97
Clothing and furnishings ----- ;344 73
Fuel, light and cleaning ------ 2,029 56
Salaries and wages ------ 3,294 90
Kepairs --------- 1,175 58
Other expenses ------- 3,192 06
Government Aid for 1S91.
$15,457 SO
Allowance for 36,306 days, at 10 cents per day - - $3,630 60
Supplementary grant, 5 cents per day - - - 1,815 30
Total -------- $5,445 90
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I made my first inspection for the current year of the Home for Incurables*
Toronto, on the 3rd of June, and saw all the inmates in residence on that day ;
namely, 51 males and 51 females. Cleanliness and order prcvaildl throughout
the institution, and the welfare and comfort of the inmates appcnred to bo pro-
vided for with thoughtful care on the part of the officials. No change in ordinary
routine has taken place since the date of my last visit,
A nurnl>er of fire extinguishers of modern construction have been placed in
the ditfcrcnt wards, where they will be readily available in event of a tire. This
percaiition on the part of the management is commendable ; and the extinguishers
would no doubt be most serviceaVjle should an occasion for their use arise.
The books and records were found to be in proper order and neatly kept.
A copy of a report mad(! by me to the Oovcrnment upon this llefuge is
annexed ; —
TIkj Home for Incurables, Toronto, was visited by me on the 23nl .-^cptem-
Ijcr. I found the institution very coinphite in all its (l(!|)artments, and all in the
best of onlcr. The inmates were neat and tidy in their appearance, and they were
10
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
well provided with every necessary requirement. They looked happy and con-
tented, and many of them expressed to me their thankfulness for the icind care
and attention bestowed upon them by the officers and the board of management.
The books were examined and found to be neatly and properly kept.
The ladies who devote so much of their time and means ia providing such a
comfortable home for these vuifortunates, not only deserve the gratitude so freely
expressed by the inmates, but also the hearty co-operation and financial assist-
ance of all who take an interest in the welfare of their fellow-creatures who are
without homes, or friends, or health.
AGED WOMEN'S HOME, TORONTO.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 _ . _ _ _ 16
Admitted ---__-._- 6
Total number of inmates 22
Discharged --------- 2
Died ----- 1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - . _ 19
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - _ _ - 22
22
22
Nationalities.
Canadian ___ __-.- 9
English - -_._7
Irish ---------- 6
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto -------- 20
County of York -._--.- 2
22
22
The x-eceipts and expenditures of this Home are included with those of the
Industrial Refuge.
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 7,694 days at 5 cents - - - S3S4 70
.Supplementary aid at 2 cents per day - - - - 153 88
Total - $d-3S 68
11
64 Victoria.
Sessional T^ijDerc (No. 11),
A. isot
Inspection.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed: —
I inspected the Aged Women's Home, Toronto, on tlie 12th April, on which
day 19 women were receiving its benefits. Quite a number of them were very old
and feeble, and they all appeared to be receiving good care and attention. The
number now sheltered is all that the present building will accommodate. The
Home was in its usual good order.
ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, TORONTO.
Full particulars of the operations of this Institutioti will be found in the-
annexed summaries :—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889
Admitted . _ . ,
Total number of inmates
21
172
19:>
Discharged . - - .
Died -----
In residence, .SOth September, 1890
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto . _ -
County of York and other Counties
Other places • _ - -
Male
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Sex.
Religious De nominations.
Nationalities.
178
5
10
19.*?
120
39
14
19.'?
l!j;5
19^
179^
14
193
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch
Other countries
110
.52
12
8
11
193
12
'^'i Victoria. Sessional Papers (No, 11). A. 1891
Receipts.
From the Government of Ontario - - - . .$698 40
" City of Toronto - - . _ . 955 qq
Inmates ------. 3^49 45
" Subscriptionis - - - _ _ 1,739 18
Expenditures.
$7,134 03
Food of all kinds ------ $1 972 57
Clothino-, furnishings, etc. ----- 752 28
Fuel .-.-..... 674 86
Salaries and wages ---_._ j QgQ gg
Ordinary repairs ------- 42 90
Other expenses - 2,860 37
Government Aid for 1S91.
),899 37
Allowance for 6,184 da3^s, at 10 cent per day - - $618 40
Supplementary Grant at 5 cents - - - - 309 20
Inspections.
$927 60
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed :
I made an inspection of the St. John's 3;ospital, Toronto, on the 21st of
March.
On that day there were 20 fem lie patients under treatment, all of whom I
sivv. Tney were neirly alUurgical casjs, and the records showed that out of
the whole number recived in the institution since the commencement of the
current year— 103 — the treatment had been very successful. Good work is uq-
doubtedly being done, and the whole routine order of the institution is carried on
in a very satisfactory manner, and having due regard to the well-being of the
patients. All the apartments were strictly clean and orderly, and many evi-
dences were noted of th^ constant care and juigment exercised in conductino-
the affiirsof the institution generally.
the;^ convalescent home, Toronto.
Full particulars of the oj)erations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movemeida of InnuUes.
In residence, 1st October, 18S9 - - - - _ \\
Admitted ---... . . 231
Total number of inmates - - - - . 242
13
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 18^;!
Discharged - - - -
Died - - - - -
la residence, 30th September, 1890
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto
County of York
Other places
Male
Female
Sex.
Religio us Denominat ions.
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Other denominations
Canadian
I'^nglish
Irish
Scotcli
Other countries
Nationuliiies.
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario
From the City of Toronto
Payment from inmates
Su'b.scriptions and donations
Expenditures.
213
2
27
242.
237
4
1
110
132
24i
242
217
25
242
116
32
20
17
242
$817 50
1,773 15
53{) ^^0
1,N1H 41
S4,97S 86
Food of all kinds . - - -
Clothing, furniture and furnisliings
Fuel - - - - - -
Salaries and wages - - - -
Repairs, ordinary - - - -
Other expenses, including rent and taxes
$1,444
29
512
87
370
74
072
91
98
05
185
49'
;?3,284
35
14-
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1801
Government Aid for 189 1.
Allowance for 6,626 days, at 10 cents - - - $662 60
Supplementary allowance at 5 cents - . _ 2'Sl 30
$993 90
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the government is annexed :
I made an inspection of the Convalescent Home, Toronto, on the 13th Sept.,
when there were eleven persons being cared for, namely, six males, four female?
and one youth.
For the past portion of the year the admissions, including those in residence
at the beginning of the official year numbered 219.
I found the premises and all the apartments thoroughly neat and clean, and
in every respect creditable to the management. It would iDea great benetit to
this institution if the management could see their way to get their water supply
from the city service. The number of beds is thirty, and thfe accommodation in
this regard .ippears to be all that is required.
CHURCH HOME FOR THE AGED.
Full particulars of the operations of this Institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 12
Admitted -------__ 5
'J'otal number of inmates ---___ yj
Discharged -----.-__ 5
Died -
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - [2
Places Admitted From.
17
City of Toronto - - - - - - - _ 14
Other counties of Ontario ---.__ ••
Sex.
17
Male -----_--._ 5
Female ----...._ -^2
Religious Denominatioas.
Protestant - - - - - - - - -17
Nationalities.
17
17
Canadian --------_ ^
English ------.-. 5
Irish --------__
Scotch ---------_
15
4-
17
o4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Receipts.
From the City of Toronto
From payments made by inmates
Subscriptions, donations, etc -
Expenditvbres.
Food of all kinds -
Clothing and furnishings
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc
Salaries and wages
Repairs
Other expenses -
SloO
00
460
00
1,140
24
$1,750
24
S;^o
iJU
37
09
IGS
62
178
92
43
•U
927
71
$1,741
84
S20.3
25
81
80
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 4,065 days, at 5 cents per day -
Supplementary grant at 2 cents - - - -
Total -------- $284 55
Inspections.
A copy of a report made by Mr. Christie is annexed :—
I made an inspection of the Church Home, Toronto, on the 21st March.
There were on the register on that date the names of 12 inmates, 3 of whom
were absent during the time of riiy visit.
The home I found to be in good order and properly kept.
The books also were fully entered up.
HOUSE OF REFUGE, HAMILTON.
Full particulars of the operations of tliis institution will be tound in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - - 101
Admitted --------- i :i4
T.;tal number of inmates 225
Discharged Jl<>
Died •'
In residence, ;30th September, 1890 106
225
16
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Places Admitted From.
City of Hamilton - 212
County of Wentworth and other counties . - . 3
Other places - - - - - - -*- - 10
225
Sex.
Male -----.--.. 153
Female --.-..-.. 72
225
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --.-__--_ 145
Roman Catholic -------- 80
225
Nationalities.
Canadian ---.--__- 2I
English ----_-__- 48
Irish - . - - 112
Scotch ---------- 21
Other countries -----..-23
225
Receipts.
From the Government of Ontario - - - - $2,711 04
City of Hamilton . . _ - 4,784 52
Municipalities - - - - - 127 00
Inmates ------ 213 18
$7,835 74
Expenditures,
Food of all kinds ------- $4,434 93
Clothing, furnishings, etc ----- 627 36
Fuel - - - - - - - - - . 619 45
Salaries and wages ------ 1,049 41
Ordinary repairs 260 31
. Other expenses ------- 844 28
$7,885 74
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 38,167 days, at 5 cents - - - $1,908 35
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day - ' - 763 34
Total -------- $2,671 69
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by me to the Government is annexed : —
I visited the House of Refuge, Hamilton, on the 16th Oct., and found the
work of the institution going on satisfactorily. The books also were properly
kept.
2 (R.) 17
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
HOME FOR AGED WOMEN, HAMILTON.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : — '
Movements of Inmates
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 23
Admitted -.------.-i
Total number of inmates - . _ _ _ 24
Number of deaths -.._.-_.i
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 23
24
Places Admitted From.
City of Hamilton .-.-__-_ 24
24
Jleligious Denomination.
Protestant ---_-_-._ 24
24
Nationalities,
Canadian ---------.3
English ---------- 8
Irish . - - 7
Scotch ---------- 6
24
The receipts and expenditures of this institution are included with those of
the Protestant Orphan's Home, Hamilton, and therefore details cannot be given
here.
Government aid for 1891.
Allowance for 8,564 days, at 5 cents - - - - .S428 20
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents - . _ . - 171 28
Total $599 48
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Rielly is
annexed : —
I made an inspection of tlie Home for Apfed Women, Hamilton, on the 29th
May. There were on that day 23 old ladies being cared for.
I found the Home in its usual condition of excellent order, aiul I was glad
to note that tlie plumbing had been improved. My remarks in a former report
still apply aw to tlio impracticability of the tire-escape on this building .should
the (occasion ever arise for the old people to resort to this means of exit. This
should be improved without furtlier delay.
18
54 Victoria
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, KINGSTON.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence. 1st October, 188.9
Admitted - - _ -
Total number of inmates
43
100
143
Discharged - - - - -
Died
In residence, 30th September, 1890
Places Admitted From.
City of Kingston
County of Frontenac
Other Counties of Ontario -
Other Places
Male
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch -
Other countries
Sex.
Religious Denominations.
Nationalities.
Receipts.
84
6
53
14.:
72
9
54
8
143
109
34
143
102
41
29
36
61
13
4
143
143
From the Province of Ontai'io
From the City of Kingston
Payment from inmates
Subscriptions and donations
SI, 300 52
750 00
592 00
1,228 77
13,871 29
10
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds . - - -
Clothing, furniture and furnishinors
Fuel - - - - .' -
Salaries and wages . . _ -
Repairs, ordinary _ . . .
Other expenses, including rent and taxes
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 19,541 days, at 5 cents
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day
Inspections.
$1,717
44
264
39
377
18
4:^0
00
34
42
264
56
S3,077 99
S977
05
390
82
$1,367 87
A copy of the report made to the Government by Mr: Christie is annexed —
I inspected the House of Industry, Kingston, on the 16th April. There were
on that day 49 inmates — 33 males and 16 females — and I saw many evidences of
the kindness and attention which are bestowed upon them by the authorities
having them in charge. The records show that there have only been 45 deaths
in the institution during the past fourteen years — or about three for each year —
which is one of the evidences of the beneticial effect upon the old people of the
comforts they enjoy. The average population of the Home is about 50, and this
record of longevity, when the class provided for is taken into account, speaks
well for the management. I found the books and all matters pertaining to the
establishment, in satisfactoiy order.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholf?on to make a second inspection of this
Refuge. A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you, I made an inspection of the House of Industry, King-
ston, on the 5th September.
The inmates then numbered 36 males and 19 females, a total of 55,
The institution was as clean and orderly as such a place could well be.
The books were examined and found to be properly entered up. There have
been 94 persons admitted since the 1st of October, 1889.
HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE, KINGSTON,
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of luDiatcs.
In residence, Lst October, 1889 71
Admitted - 78
Toial number of inmates - - - - - - — 149
Discharged .-.--.--. 49
Died 24
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 73
— 149
liO
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers {No. 11). A. 1891
Places admitted from.
City of Kingston --------30
County of Frontenac -_-_._. 23
Other counties and places ------- 96
Sex.
Male ----..---. 81
Female _--_--_--- 68
Religions Denominations.
Protestant _-.-_---- 7
Roman Catholic - - - - - - - - -142
Nationalities.
Canadian ___-___-- 29
English 18
Irish -.-.-.---- 73
Scotch - - - -"- - - - - -16
Other countries - - - - - - - - 13
149
149
149
— 14S
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario
From Municipalities
Income from property
Payment from inmates
Subscriptions and donations
Other sources
Expenditure.
Food of all kinds . _ . -
Clothing and furnishing
Salaries and wages - - - .
Fuel, light and cleaning
Repairs, ordinary and extraordinary
Other expenses - - . -
$2,541
28
75
00
49
50
413
12
3,614
46
1,250
04
$7,943 40
13,253
IS
1,112
22
696
78
3,800
68
554
78
),417 59
Government aid for 1S91.
Allowance for 34,088 days, at 5 cents - - - $1,704 40
Supplementary aid at 2 cents per day - - - 681 76
Total ------- . $2,386 16
21
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the House of Providence, Kingston, on the 16th
April, on which day there were 40 men and 34 women in residence. Since my last
visit the improvements foj'merly noted have been extended so as to admit of a
classification of the inmates on the female side which will no doubt be much to
the advantage of both classes.
The feeble minded are separated from those who require less care and atten-
tion, and the economy in effort thus secured will no doubt be for the general good
of the inmates. The house was in excellent order throughout.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make a second inspection of this
Refuge, a copy of his report is appended : —
As instructed by you I made an inspection of the House of Providence,
Kingston, on the 5th September.
The register, which is very well kept, shewed the names of So men and .34
women as being in residence. Some of the dormitories in the upper part of the
building were in a state of disorder in consequence of a fire having occurred
there lately, and the necessary repairs and renovation were being made, other-
wise the institution was in the best of order.
PROTESTANT HOME FOR THE AGED AND FRIENDLESS, LONDON.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 2
Admitted -._-_-__.
Total number of inmates - - - - - - — 2
Discharged --------- 1
Died ----------- 1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 -
— 2
Places admitted from.
City of London .----.--- 2
— 2
Sex.
Male
Female ---------- 2
— 2
Religious Denominations.
Protestant -..-.---- 2
Roman Catholic - - - - - - - -..
— 2
22
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian __-----_.
English --_- .-.__-i
Scotch --------_- 1
— 2
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario - - - - - $158 62
From the City of London - - - - -
From inmates in part payment of board - - ■ 764 25
Income from property - - - - - - 966 00
Subscriptions, donations, etc. ----- 1,726 55
From other sources ------ 1,634 13
$5,249 55
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds ------- $1,534 90
Salaries and wages -_-_-_ 894 11
Dther expenses ----.._ 2,735 36
$5,164 37
There is an orphanage connected with this Home, and the accounts of both
are included in these statements.
Government aid for 1891.
Allowance for 582 days, at 5 cents . . - - $29 10
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day - - - 11 64
Total - - - $40 74
Inspections.
I visited the Protestant Home for the Aged and Friendless, London, on the
]7th October. The inmates appeared to be well cared for, and the house was in
"vsry satisfactory order.
ROMAN CATHOLIC HOUSE OF REFUGE, LONDON.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
ainexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ----- 52
Admitted --------- 35
Total number of inmates ----- 87
Discharged -----...- 26
Died - -----__- 11
In residence, 1st September, 1890 - ^ - - - 50
87
23
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Places Admitted from.
City of London --.-_._ 41
County of Middlesex ------ 5
Other counties of Ontario ------ 41
Expenditures.
Sex.
Male --------- 35
Female -.--..-_ 52
Religious Denom.inations.
Protestant ----_._. 1
Roman Catholic ------- gg
Nationalities.
Canadian --------- 19
English -----.-- 3
Irish ----.--.. 60
Other countries ------- 5
Receipts.
From the Province ot Ontario - - . - $1,880 68
From the City of London - - - -
Payment from Inmates - . - . _ 2,009 26
Subscriptions and donations - - . - 14,001 41
$17,891 35
Food of all kinds ------ $7,236 76
Clothing, furniture and furnishings - - 2,083 54
Fuel ------'.-. 878 05
Salaries and wages ------ 215 92
Piepairs, ordinary ------ 3,454 82
Other expenses, including rent and taxes - - 3,855 73
Government Aid for 1891.
$17,724 82
Allowance for 19,707 days at 5 cents - - - $985 35
Supplementary aid at 2 cents per day - - - 394 14
87
S7
87
87
Total - - $1379 49
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed:—
I made an inspection of the Roman Catholic Rouse of Refuge, Loudon, on
the 2nd June. It contained 53 people on that day, namely, 1!) males and 34
females. The house was found to l)e in good condition and well kept.
24
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A, 1891
HOME FOR AGED WOMEN, LONDON.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Mov&nients of Inmates.
In residence 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 15
Admitted --------- 15
Total number of inmates 80
Discharged --------- 9
Died ---------- 2
In residence, 30th September, 1890 . - _ - 19
30
Places admitted from.
City of London --.- _-.-24
County of Middlesex -------
Other counties in Ontario -_---. g
30
Sex.
Male -----
Female --.---.-. 30
Religious denominations,
Protestant ---------30
Roman Catholic --------
30
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 2
English ---------- 24
Irish --.------. 3
Other countries -------- 1
30
Receipts.
From the Government of Ontario - - . - $371 98
City of London ----- 424 66
From payments made by inmates - - - . 470 00
Subscriptions, donations, etc - - - - 534 44
$1,801 08
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds ---_--. $854 9P
Clothing and furnishings 223 26
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc. - - - - - - 158 83
Salaries and wages ------ 335 50
Repairs, ordinary and extraordinary - - - 119 70
Other expenses - - 416 97
$2,109 25
25
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
Governmient Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 5,660 days at 5 cents per day-
Supplementary grant at 2 cents
Total
$283 30
113 32
$396 62
Inspection.
A copy of the report made to the Goverment by Dr. O'Reilly is an-
nexed:—
I made an inspection of the Home for Aged Women, London, on the 2nd
June when there were twelve old persons in residence.
The comfort of the inmates appeared to be well looked after.
The building generally was in good order except for the disarrangement oc-
casioned by house cleaning.
ST. PATRICK'S REFUGE, OTTAWA.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution are shown in the an-
nexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 110
Admitted _ . . - 129
Total number of inmates _ . _ _ . 239
Discharged _-- ._-_. 87
Died - - 15
In residence, 30th September, 1890 .... 137
239
Sex.
Male - - 105
Female - - 134
239
Reliqious Denominations.
Protestant .--..---- 5
Roman Catholic -------- 234
239
Nationalities.
(Canadian _.-.----- 52
English _ . - 40
Irish 142
Scotch 4
Other countries ..---.-- 1
— 239
26
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Places admitted from.
City of Ottawa - 148
County of Carleton and other counties - - - - 80
Emigrants - - - - - - - - - 11
239
The receipts and expenditures of this charity are included with those of the
Orphanage branch.
Government aid for 1891.
Allowance for 46,126 days, at 5 cents - - - $2,S06 30
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day - - - 922 52
Total $3,228 82
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Refuge is annexed : —
My first visit to the St. Patrick's Refuge, Ottawa, for the current year, was
made on the 1st May. There were 56 men and 72 women being cared for, many
of whom were very old and infirm. They were as comfortably situated and
provided for as was possible under the circumstances. Light domestic work was
being performed by some of those who were able to move about and help them-
selves.
The Home was in good order, and the books correctly kept.
ST. CHARLES' HOSPICE, OTTAWA.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movem^ents of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 75
Admitted --------- 28
Total number of inmates 103
Discharged --------- 21
Died - 10
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 72
— 103
Sex.
Male ----------- 42
Female ---------- 61
— 103
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - - - - - - - - - -..
Roman Catholic ------»- 103
— 103
27
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian - - - - - - - - - - 92
Irish ---------- 0
Other countries .-.----.2
Places admitted from.
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds - - - -
Clothing and furnishings - - -
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc
Salaries and wages - - - -
Repairs, ordinary and exrraordinary
Other expenses _ . - _
Government aid for 1891.
— 103
City of Ottawa -.------ 61
County of Carleton ------- 25
Other counties - - - - - - - - 10
Emiorrants, foreigners, etc ------ 7
Receipts.
From the Government of Ontario - . _ $1,900 72
From the County of Carleton - - - -
Income - - - - - - -. -
From payments made by inmates - - - - 1,076 60
Subscriptions, donations, etc - * - - - - 1,660 98
103
$4,638 30
$1,983 02
222
30
443
79
254
62
131
24
682
29
5,717 26
Allowance for 27,103 days, at 5 cents per day - - $1,355 15
Supplementary grant, at 2 cents . . . . 542 06
Total -...--. $1,897 21
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Home is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the St. Charles' Hospice, Ottawa, on the :'>Oth April,
when there were 75 old people legistcred as inmates, 26 males and 49 females,
nearly all of whom I saw. I found the Ijooks in proper order and every evidence
of their correctness.
The general management of the institution continues satisfactory.
28
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
HOME FOR THE AGED, OTTAWA.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 23
Admitted ----.-... 20
Total number of inmates - - . _ _ 43
Discharged -----____ 3
Died - - - 6
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 29
43
Sex.
Male - - - . _ 43
Female - - - - - - - - - ....
43
Religious Denominations.
Protestant _..__.___ 43
43
Nationalities.
Canadian ----____. 4
English _-_ _ 14
Irish ------.._•. 16
Scotch - - - 9
43
Places Admitted From.
City of Ottawa - - 28
County of Carleton ------- 13
Other counties -------_ 2
43
Receipts.
From the Government of Ontario - - - - $577 35
From the County of Carleton - . - _ 200 00
Incume - - - - - - - -
From payments made by inmates - - - 339 90
Subscriptions, donations, etc - . . _ 4,149 75
$5,267 01
Expenditure.
Food of all kinds - $838 15
Clothing and furnishings ----- 27 78
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc - . - - _ 132 34
Salaries and wages - - - - - - 660 03
Repairs, ordinary and extraordinary - - - 3,318 20
Other expenses ..-.-- 274 22
$5,250 72
29
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (I^o. 11). A. 1891
Government Aid for the year 1891.
Allowance for 9,392 days at 5 cents per day - - S469 GO
Supplementary aid at 2 cents - - - - 187 84
Total -------- S657 44
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Protestant Home for the Aged, Ottawa, on the
1st May. I found that this charity had lately removed to new premises, a
considerable distance from the place originally tenanted. The present location
is an excellent one, and the building chosen is large and commodious, and well
adapted in every respect for the purpose to which it is now appropriated. There
were in residence on the day of m}' visit 26 old people, but there is ample room
for 40 or 50, and if occasion should ever arise for accommodating such an
increased number the expense of fitting up the dormitories would be all that it
would involve. I found the home in excellent condition and well kept in every
respect. The management are to be congratulated upon the success that has
attended their efforts in establishins: and carrviner on this deservinir institution.
REFUGE BRANCH, ORPHANS' HOME, OTTAWA.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the-
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ----- 14
Admitted -..-----. 9
Total number of inmates - _ _ - 23
Discharged ......... o
Died ---------- 3
In residence, 1st September, 1890 - - - - - 15
Places Admitted From.
City of Ottawa 14
County of Carleton ....... 5
Other counties of Ontario ...... 3
23
23
Sex.
Female - - - - - - - - - - 23
Religious Denominations.
23
Protestant - - 23
23
30
54: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian ______ __5
English .-._- •_._ 1
Irish ---------- 13
Other countries ---_-_-_ 4
23
The receipts and expenditures of this charity are shown in the report upon
the Orphans' Home, Ottawa.
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 5,417 days, at 5 cents _ - - $270 85
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day - - 108 34?
Total ------- S379 19
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I visited the Refuge Branch of the Orphan's Home, Ottawa, on the 1st May,
and found that there were 17 old wo wen being cared for. The apartments were
clean and tidy, and the wants of the inmates appeared to be well attended to.
HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE, GUELPH.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found m the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence 1st, October, 1889 ----- 41
Admitted ------•._- 55
Total number of inmates 97
Discharged --------- 62
Died ---------- 7
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - £8
9
Places admitted from.
From the City of Guelpli -_--.. 34
From the County of Wellington and other counties - - 60
Foreigners, etc. -------- 3
Sex.
Male -------_. 45
Female --.---.. 52
97
97
31
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 11). A. 1891
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Religious Denominations.
Nationalities.
Canadian . _ . .
English - . _ _
Irish . - . _ -
Other countries
Receipts.
Province of Ontario - - _
Municipalities . - . - .
From inmates in part payment for board
Income from property - - -
From all other sources . - .
Expenditure.
Food of all kinds -
Clothinij and furnishings
Fuel, light and cleaning
Salaries and wages
Ordinary repairs
Other expenses
Government Aid for the year 1891.
Inspections.
-
6
-
91
30
-
2
60
-
o
$1,015
91
136
00
247
00
300
00
83 cS
43
97
97
5,537 34
1,399
80
567
08
385
05
57
50
59
45
597
53
;,066 41
Allowance for 11,797 days at 5 cents per day - - $589 85
Supplementary aid at 2 cents - - . . 235 94
$825 79
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Maun to make an inspection of this refuge. A
copy of his report is annexed: —
In accordance with instructions received from you [ visited the House of
Providence, Onoljjh on thu 9th September being the 2nd inspection for the year
1890, Tiiei ij were 30 old people in residence at the time, ail of whom I saw, and
all appeared to be comfortably housed, and as happy as could be expected under
the circumstances. The building which is situated close to St. Joseph's Hospital
is in every respect adapted for tiie use that it isoccu|)ieil for with the exceptions
that neithcjr proper heating nor water suj)|)ly has been introduced. Everything
was in excellent order.
32
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers ^^o. 11) A. 1891
PROTESTANT HOME, ST. CATHARINES (REFUGE BRANCH.)
Full particulars of the operations of the Refuge Branch of this Institution
will be found in the annexed summaries : —
Movevients of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ---_.. 3
Admitted -----..__
Total number of iumates ---.__ 3
Discharged ----■-____ 2
In residence 30th September, 1890 - . _ _ 1
3
Places admitted from.
City of St. Catharines --__-__ 3
Sex.
Male - --------_2
Female -----__.. \
o
3
Religious Denominat ions.
Protestant ----__..._ 3
Nationalities.
Canadian ---.---.-. i
Irish ---------- 2
3
The receipts and expenditures of this branch of the charity are included in
the accounts of the Orphanage.
Govtrnment Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 800 days at 5 cents per day - - - $40 00
Supplementary aid at 2 cents . _ - _ 16 00
Total --------- 56 00
The report upon the ins|)ection of this Home will be found in that portion
of the report relating to Orphanages.
3 (u.) 33
54 Victoria,
Sessional Papers (No. 11)
A. 1891
THE THOMAS WILLIAMS HOME.
Full particulars of the operations of tliis institution will
annexed summaries : —
Moiemenis of Inmates.
In residence, Ibt October, 1889 -----
Admitted --------
Total number of inmates _ - _ _
Discharged _-..----
Died ---------
In residence, ?.Oth September, 1890 - - - -
City of St. Thomas
Places admitted from.
Sex.
Male
Fen) ale
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Canadian
Enpjlish
Irish
Other countries
Religious Deno/ni aations.
Nationalities.
be found in the
17
11
10
5
I o
28
— 28
10
18
— 28
21
7
— 28
9
10
7
•)
— 28
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario
From the City of St. Thomas
From payments by inmates
From other sources
Kxfenditures.
Fooil of all kimls
C'lothiii;; iukI fuiiii.shin;^s
Fuel, li;,dit, cloanirij^', etc.
Salaries and wages
Other oxpenseM
S489
92
6nl
07
182
25
:}4r)
38
Si,6(i8
02
m)ii
90'
.M5
52
111
18
8:^G
SO
192
38
SI 282
28
34
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 18M
Government aid for 1891.
Allowance for 5,619 days' stay at 5 cents per day - $280 9i
Supplementary aid, at 2 cunts _ . _ _ 112 38
Inspection.
$393 33
A copy of the report made by Mr. Mann to the Government is annexed : —
As instructed by you I made an inspection of the Thomas Williams-
Home, St. Thomas, on the 12th September, being the second inspection for the
year 1890. There were on this occasion 14 inmates, ten men and four women.
This charity, from appearance, is very well conducted and is doing good work
among the helpless and infirm claiss of the surrounding community and its situ-
ation for healthfulness could not be excelled.
I noticed that the bath was not in working order. It had been provided
with a tap for cold water but no provision had been made for hot water, which
it is highly necessary should be also provided. The books were written up to
date and the building was in a good state of order and cleanliness.
HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE, DUN DAS.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the-
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 82
Admitted ------___ 65
Total number of inmates - - - - - — 147
Discharged ----_-._- 5<s
Died .----..--- 7
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ... - 82
— 147
Places admitted from.
City of Hamilton - - ------ 82
County of VVentworth and other counties . _ . 33
Other places _--.--__- 27
Sex.
— 147
Male -_.------- 55
Female ---------- 92
Religious Denominations.
Protestant -_.-.--.. 7
Roman Catholic - - - - - - - -140
147
147
35
1)4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1S91
Kationalities.
Canadian - .- 49
English ..-.-----. Q
Irish ---------- 79
Scotch _---------()
Other countries .-_----- 7
147
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario ----- S2,292 IG
From the City of Hamilton - - - - -
From the County of Wentworth
From other municipalities . - - - -
From inmates -------
Income _ . - _ . - -
Subscriptions and donations of private individuals
Other sources _-__---
Expenditures
Food of all kinds - . - -
Clothing, furnituse and furnishings
Fuel, light and cleaning - - -
Other expenditures - _ - .
300
00
36
GO
1,436
00
576
00
1 ,87 o
00
IM'2
83
$8,057
99
$3,764
69
589
47
697
80
3,262
77
Government aid for 1891.
i,314 73
Allowance for 32,157 days' stay, at 5 cents - - Sl,607 85
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents per day - - - 643 14
Total -------- $2,250 99
THE HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS. CHATHAM.
Full particulars of tiie operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed sununaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - -. - - - 10
Adniittt'd ---------- 6
'J'olal injinbcr (jf iiini.itfs - - - - - - — 22
36
54 Vcitoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Discharired ---------- 6
Died ' ~ - - 2
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 14
Places Admitted from.
Town of Chatham ___---_. 18
County of Kent -------- 4
Emigrants, foreigners, etc ------
99
— 22
Sex.
Male - - 14
Female ----------8
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - - - - - - - - - 19
Roman Catholics ---------3
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 3
English ----------8
Irish ---------- 3
Scotch - 2
Other countries _-._-_-. 6
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario ----- $378 49
From the Town of Chatham ----- 2,000 00
From inmates themselves ------ 574 00
From other sources ------ 1,522 95
22
22.
Expenditures.
SO 50
24
108
55
262
52
385
54
1,537
79
S2,944
64
$325
30
130
12
22
K475 44
Food of all kinds
Clothing and furnishings
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc
Salaries and wages
Other expenses
Government Aid for 1S91.
Allowance for 6,506 days' stay, at 5 cents per day
Supplementary aid, at 2 cents - - - -
Total - $455 42
37
54 Victorica Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the Government b}^ Mr. Mann is annexed : —
In accordance with instructions received from you I paid a visit to the Home
for the Frien.lless, Chatham, on the lOtli September. There were 14 old people
in residence at this date, 9 males and 5 females. I saw all of the inmates and
they seemed to be quite as comfortable as their advanced age and ailments
would allow.
This charity was in excellent order, and while I was there material was
being brought in for the erection of a new furnace for heating purposes, which
when completed, considerable comfort no doubt will be derived therefrom. The
books were examined and found to be correctly kept and entered up to date.
THE WIDOWS' HOME, BRANTFORD.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 _ _ _ . . 9
Admitted ------.--.^
Total number of inmates - - - - - — 17
Discharged -------- .g
Died •--------._..
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 11
17
Places Admitted From.
City of Brantford
Province of Ontario
Sex.
Female
Protestant
Religious Denominations
Nationalities.
17
—
17
17
17
17
17
Canadian ----...---2
English ---...-.-. 5
Irish 2
Otiier countries -------.-8
— 17
38
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 11), A. 1891
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario ----- $314 72
From inmates - - - - - - - -136 00
From other sources ------- 508 13
Expenditures.
)58 85
Food of all kinds
•Clothing and furnishings
Fuel, light, cleaning, etc
Salaries and wages
Other expenses
S326
94
2ii
59
79
21
191
85
40
92
S662 51
Government Aid for 1891.
Allowance for 3,611 days' stay, at 5 cents per day - $180 55
Supplementary aid at 2 cents - - - - - 72 22
152 77
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Widows' Home, Brantford, on the 24th June.
There were 12 women in the building on that day. The Home was in good
order throughout. I was glad to learn that it was the intention of the manage-
ment to adopt a more satisfactory method of heating the institution at an early
dav.
THE HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS, BELLEVILLE.
Full particulars of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed summaries : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 9
Admitted ___.----- 5
Total number of inmates - - - - - - — 14
Discharged ._.---.-- 4
Died --.-.-----..
In residence 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 10
^ Places admitted from.
From the City of Belleville ------ 13
From the County of Hastings and other counties - - 1
39
14
14
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Male
Female
Pi'otestant -
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish -
Sex.
Religious Denominations.
Natumalities.
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario
From the City of Belleville
From inmates
Subscriptions and donations
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds
Clothing and furnishings
Fuel, liglit and cleaning
Salaries and wacjes
Other expenses
Government did for ISO] .
2
-
12
—
14
10
4
14
6
-
2
6
14
$2S3
78
100
00
52
00
115
32
v551 10
$324 86
29
16
82
89
33
15
14
00
S484 06
Allowance for 3,.'U4 days at 5 cents per day - - - $167 20
Supplementary aid, 2 cents - . _ - . ()(; 88
Total ......._ $234 08
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by me to the fJovcnnncnt iipou tins charity is
annexed : —
I made an inspection of tlic Home fov tlio Friendless, BuileviHc, on the 17th
September when tliere were nine inmates — two males and seven females — all of
whom a|»pcared to be comfortably domiciled and worr thoroughly satisfied with
the treatm(;nt received at the iiands of tlie management. 1 found the records
properly entered up,
40
64 Victoria,, Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
THE PROTESTANT HOME, PETERBOROUGH.
Fiall -pafftieulars ^of the operations of this institution will be found in the
annexed straDftmaries : —
Movenent of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 --_-__ 17
Admiti,ed -_.- 3
Total number of inmates - - - - - - — 25
Discharged - - - - - -- - - 4>
Died - - - ..
la residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 21
Places admitted from.
From the Town of Peterborough - - - - - 17
From the County of Peterborough and other counties - 8
— 25
Sex.
Male ----------12
Female ----------13
— 25
Religious Dtnominations.
Protestant -- --25
— 25
Nationalities.
Canadian ----------14
English -----___.. 2
Irish ---------__i
Scotch --------__ 2
Other countries - - - - - - - - -6
— 25
Receipts.
From the Province of Ontario - - . . _ $470 82
From municipalities for board of inmates -
From inmates ----.__. 459 12
Subscriptions and donations - - _ _ . 072 26
$1,603 20
Expenditures.
Food of all kinds ---.._. ^731 33
Clothing and furnishings - - - - - - 135 57
Fuel, light and cleaning ----._ 205 05
Salaries and wages - - - - - - - 199 25
Other expenses - - - - - - . -23110
$1,502 35
41
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1?91
Government aid for 1891.
Allowance for 6,955. days at 5 cents per day - . - §347 75
Supplementary aid at 2 cents ----- 139 IQ
Total .-.-.--. $486 85
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
charity is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Pi-otestant Homo, Peterborongh, on the 12th
March. There were 19 inmates receiving the benefit of the institution on that
date, viz : 9 adult males, 6 adult females and 4 youths under twelve years.
The home I found to be in good order and the apartments both on the male
and female side clean and neat. The books were properly entered up.
As instructed by Mr. Christie a second inspection of this home was made by
Mr. Mann.
As instructed by you I made the second inspection for the year 1890 of the
Protestant Home, Peterborough, on the loth August, on which occasion there
were 19 inmates in residence, 10 males and 9 females. Although rather late at
night w^hen my visit was made, and most of the inmates had retired, it was
evident that everything was in very good order, and that this home was being
conducted in a very satisfactory manner. The young lady in charge infoimed
me that not a single death had occurred within a year, a fact which speaks well
or the healthful condition of this charity, whose inmates are all old people. Care
is taken in keeping the books and records as they should b6, and from what I
could observe there appears to be a very useful work carried on here.
42
54 Victorica. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
ORPHAN ASYLUMS.
During 1890, as compared with 1889, there was in increase of 384 in the
number maintained in the Oiphanages, while the deaths increased from 88 to 112.
The statistics relating to tlie sex, religious denominations and nationalities
vof the inmates are given in the following summary : —
Sex.
Male ---------_ 1,995
Female - - - ' _ 2,185
4,130
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --------- 2,021
Roman Catholic _ . _ _ . _ 1,940
Other religions not, given - - - - - - 169
4,130
Nationalities.
Canadian - - . - . . _ _ _ _ 2,707
English -------__ 428
Irish --------._ 239
Scotch --------- ^6
United States -------- ]01
Other countries and unknown ----- 589
4,130
Previous Residence.
Received from cities in which orphanages are located - 3,192
Received from counties in which orphanages are located 287
Received from other counties in the Province - - 376
Emigrants and foreigners and unknown - - _ 275
4,130
The following tables shew the aggregate stay of the inmates of the
•orphanages, the fixed allowances in respect thereof under the Charity Aid Act,
the receipts of the institutions on maintenance account, the amount of the
supplementary allowance, together with the total amount which will be recom-
mended as the grant to be voted by the ligislature during the session of 1891,
together with table shewing the cost of maintaining the orphanages, and then
•comes the separate reports upon each home.
43
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (Xo II).
A. HOT
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Sessional Papers (No. 11)
A. 1801
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
SEPARATE REPORTS.
ROMAN CATHOLIC ORPHAN ASYLUM, TORONTO. .
The following summaries shew the operations of this Orphanage during the
year :-
Movements of Ijimates.
In residence 1st October, 1889
Admitted ....
Total number of inmates
263
2.50
513
Discharged ....
Died
In residence, 80th September, 1890
Male .
Female
Protestant .
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish
United States
Other countries
Sex.
Religious Denominations.
Nationalities.
225
16
272
276
237
12
501
513
513
.513
4;'.o
20
36
14
13
513
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto
County of York
Other parts of Ontario
Other countries
404.
20
78.
11
513
The receipts of the institution during the year, including the GoveinmenV
grant of .?,2088.00, were $11,278.55, and the expenditures were $11,234.95.
The collective stay of the inmates was 98,028 days, entitling the institution^
to receive the sum of $1,960.56 as Government aid for the year 1891.
47
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy of the report made b}' Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Home is annexed : —
I visited the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Toronto, on the 3rd June.
There were 134- youths in residence on that date, 124 of them were eitjoy-
ino^ mid-day meal at the time of my visit ; the othei's were reported temporarily
absent at the House of Providence. They were all said to be in good heakh.
The books were found to be properly written up.
PROTESTANT ORPHANS' HOME, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this institution during the
past year : —
Movetnents of Inmates
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 153
Admitted - • - 92
Total number of inmates - - . . 245
Discharged --------- 8.'-)
Died --.-----. 2
In residence, 30th September, 1890 160
Stx.
245
Male ---------- 144
Female --------- 101
245
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --------- 242
Other rcli'dons -------- 8
— 245
Nationalities.
Canadian _--_----- 201
En'di.sh --------- 44
24
Places Admitted From.
City of Toronto 20t)
County of York _.-_--- ;j
Other parts of Ontario ------- 2.S
Other countries ...----- 5
245
The receipts of this iuNtitiition during the year, including tlie governiueut
grant of SI, 174.00, were $8,004.22, and the expenditures W(U'e $8,850 20.
The collective stay of tlie inmates was 61,538 days, entitling the instituCiuti
to receive the sum of SI, 230.70 as government aid for tiic year 1891.
48
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy ot the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Orphans' Home, Toronto, on the 3rd June, and
«aw the 172 youths then being cared for, namely, 97 boj^s and 75 girls. The
system of apprenticeship is adopted by the authorities of this institution,
apparently with good results. The cliild)en so placed are reported to be giving
satisfaction in their new homes, atid the persons having them in charge are known
to be respectable and trustworthy.
I found the children in the home in excellent health ; although during the
autumn and winter an epidemic of measles prevailed, no lingering bad effects
have been experienced. During the morning of my visit anangements were
being made in happy anticipation of the annual meeting which was to be held
that day.
I was informed that owing to the increased duties devolving upon the
matron an assistant matron is to be appointed. This will admit of all the clerical
work being done within the institution which will be a desirable change, as
where the secretary resides at a distance the records are not always accessible to
the inspector, and the entries are not always made with due regularit}'.
The home was found to be in excellent order, and care and consideration
for those under charge was evident on every hand.
GIRLS' HOME, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Home during the
year:—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 84
Adujitted ---------- 'j'j
Total number of inmates - . _ _ _ 2(j2
Discharged ------.__ 53
Died -----.--.- 2
In i-esidence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 9G
Sex.
161
Male
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish
United States
Other countries
Religious Denominationf
Nationalities.
4 (R.) 49
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto -------- 157
Other parts of Ontario - - - - - - - 4
161
Including the Government grant of S")74.50, the revenue of the Asylum
during the year amounted to §6,141.09, and the expenditure to $5,900.42.
The collective stay of the inmates was 83,139 days, entitling the Asylum to-
receive a sum of 8662.77 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections:
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this-
Home is annexed :
I visited the Girls' Home, Toronto, on the 28th May, when there were 92
children under charge. All of them were in excellent health and neat and clean
in appeai-auce, showing that they were receiving excellent care and good treat-
ment. The school accommodation has for some time past been felt to be inade-
quate, and I am glad to know that a room is to be built during the present
season specially for the purpose. On the day of my visit there were 64 girls in.
the room now used as a school-room, which is a much larger number than sliould
be assembled in it.
The institution was in very good order, and there were many indications-
of thoroughness on the part of the management in conducting its atiairs.
BOYS' HOME, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of the Home during the
year : —
Movemeiits of InnuUes.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 81
Admitted --------- 92
Total number of inmates _ - _ - 17.'l
Discharged --------- 84
Died ----..
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - . - - 89
17:3
Reliyiuus De noviinatioiis.
Protestant
Roman Catholic
17a
60
5-t Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
JS^ationalities.
Canadian __-----_. loi
English .------.- 18
Irish ..-------. 5
Other countries -------- 49
173
Places admitted from.
City (,f Toronto -------- 178
— — 173
The receipts of the Home during the year, including the Government grant
of $651.30, amounted to $7,373.40, and the expenditures were $7,470.16.
The collective stay of the institution was equal to 32,634 days, entitling the
institution to receive the sum of $652.68 as Government aid for the year 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed: —
I visited the Boys' Home, Toronto, on the 28th May, when there were 91
boys under charge. I found the premises in good order, and the routine work
of the institution was being carried on in a satisfactory manner. The new
building to be used for the isolation of inmates, in 'the event of the appearance
of an epidemic disease, has been completed and to some extent occupied since
the 15th December last. The scalp disease, of which there have been several
cases, has not yet been entirely eradicated, and the building just mentioned has
been used by those affected. The books were examined and found to be in
proper order and neatly kept.
^^EWSBOYS' LODGINGS, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of the home during the
year :—
Moveinients of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 _ _ _ _
Admitted ---------
Total number of inmates - - - - -
Discharged --------
Died ----------
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - -
Beligious Denominations.
Protestant
Roman Catholic
18
127
145
133
12
145
112
33
145
51
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1^91
Nationalities.
Canadain ---------- 120
Eno-lisli ---------- 20
Irish - - -^- - - - - - - -..
Other countries -------- 5
■ 145
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto - - - - - - - -14o
145
The receipts of the Home during the year, including the Government grant
of 8149.82, amounted to s2,G55.92, and the expenditures were 552,450.09
Tlie collective stay of the institution was equal to 6,110 days, entitling the
institution to receive the sum of 8122.20 as Government aid for the ^^ear 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is
annexed : —
I made a statutory inspection of the Newsboys' Lodgings, Toronto, on the
27th March, on which occasion there were the names of 17 youths on the register.
Compared with the thi-ee previous months the number of inmates is not much
reduced, which, as I was informed, is accounted for by the milder weather of
spring enabling many of the youths who found a home in the institution during
tlie winter to dispense W'ith its shelter now. This, however, is not to be taken
as an indication that the institution is any less popular witli the class for whom
it is specially provided than formerly ; the benefits it bestows having been largely
taken advantage of and appreciated, and the interests taken in securing per-
manent homes, and employment for a number of the boys from time to time is
evidently producing good results.
Encouraging reports have been received from inany of them indicating that
both the employers and the employed are satistied with the arrangements.
I found the institution in a good state of order and cleanliness. Since the
recent improvements and additions were made the accommodation has been
ample. 48 beds were in readiness for occupiition when required, and all the
arranfements for the accommodation of the lads appeared to be satisfactory and
well looked after.
THE INFANTS' HOME, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Hume during the past
year : —
Movements of Inmates.
InfaiitH. Mothers. Totals.
In residence, 1st October. 1880 - - - 58 2(J 84
Admitted - 10;; 49 1.'.2
Total nuniboi- uf inniatos - - - 101 75 2.S(j
Discharged 52 51 10;J
Die<l - - - 58 . . 58
In residence, :JOth September, 1890 - - 51 24 75
161 75 2,*}(i
52
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
The statistical information regarding the infants is as follows, viz : —
Sex.
Male ---------- 97
Female -..--.... 139
236
Religious Denomin ations.
Protestant ----_--.. 227
Roman Catholic -------- 8
Other religions ---------1
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 231
English
Irish ---------- 2
Scotland ---------
Other countries ------ - 3
236
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto ----_-._ 225
Province of Ontario ------- 5
Other countries -_.--_--5
236
236
The receipts of the Home during the year were S7,373.44, and the expendi-
tures were 86,188.58.
The collective stay of the children equalled 20,840 days. The Home will
be entitled in re>^pect of them to $416.80.
The collective stay of the mother nurses, for whom 10 cents a day is allowed
was 9,049 days. The Home will therefore be entitled to 8904.90.
The collective days' stay of the other women, for whom 7 cents per day is
allowed, was 728 days, for which the sum of S50.96 will be allowed.
The total grant, therefore, to the Home for 1891,includincr the grrant of S200
for the Infirmary work, will amount to $1,572.66.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Home is annexed :
I visited the Infants' Home, Toronto, on the 11th April, when the inmates
numbered 57 infants and 27 mother nurses. Since the be2;innincr of the current
year, 36 infants have been received in the infirmary branch, of whom 18 have
died. During the same period 79 have been received in the main building, 15 of
whom have died. Those received in the infirmary branch were mostly in a dying
condition, hence the greater mortality among them. Whooping-cough has been
prevalent for several weeks past, and the authorities have wisely refrained from
granting admissions to the institution, except in cases where relief could not
otherwise be had.
I found the Home in excellent order, and the treatment of the inmates, both old
and young, characterized by good judgment. The books of record were in proper
order.
53
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
ST. NICHOLAS HOME, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of the Home during the official
year : —
Moveifnents of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ...... G4
Admitted 125
Total number of inmates ...... 189
Discharged ......... 130
Died
In residence, 30th September, 1890 59
Sex.
Male . 189
Religious Denominations.
Protestant ......... 25
Roman Catholic . . . . . . . .164
189
189
189
Nationalities.
Canadian .......... 150
English 14
Irish 17
Other countries ......... 8
189
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto 121
Other Places H8
189
The revenue of the Home during the year, including the Government grant
of 84-11. .'>0, was .S6,053.21. and the expenditure was .*(J,073.8G.
The collective stay of the boys was 22,325 days, (entitling the institution to
receive the sum of $446.49 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made Ijy Mr. Christie to the Government is auncx^id: —
[ made an inspection of the St. Nicholas Home, Torontp, on the 27th March,
when there were 62 names on the register. The number- of youths achnitted
during the cunent year up to date is 112, and the nuuil)ei' for the corn>sponding
periofl last year was 95, showing an increase of 17 for the pn^sent y<'ar.
I found the bof)ks properly writLi;n up. House cleaning was in progress at
tlie time of my visit.
54
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. ISOI
HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN.
The following summaries shew the operations of this institution during the
year : —
Movements of inmates.
Under treatment, 1st October, 1889 ... .26
Admitted 166
Total number of inmates ...... 202
Discharged . . . . . . ^ . . . . 159
Died . ' 8
Under treatment 30th September, 1890 .... 35
202
Sex.
Male . . . • 103
Female 99
202
Religious Denom^inations.
Protestant 170
Roman Catholic . . . . - . . . . . 19
Other reli<jfions ........ 13
202
Nationalities.
Canadian 202
Places admitted from.
City of Toronto 130
County of York ......... 2
Other counties and countries ...... 70
202
202
In the Convalescent Home on the Island, 28 children were admitted during
the summer season, but the majority of these were patients transferred from the
Hospital.
The income of the Hospital during the year amounted to $30,409.38, and the
expenditure to S71, 291. 56.
The collective stay of the inmates, including those in the Island Home, who
required active medical or surgical treatment, was equal to 14,485 days, entitling
the institution to aid to the extent of $2,162.75.
The collective stay of the ciiildren admitted to the Island Home as convales-
cents was 733 days. The Hospital will he entitled in respect of them to
an allowance of 7 cents per day, equal to $51.31, making a total of $2,224.06 as
^Government aid for the year 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I visited the Ho=^pital for Sick Children, Toronto, on the 27th March, and
•saw all the patients then under charge, na-nely, 17 males and 19 females.
55
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
The records .showed that their treatment had been attended with very good
results, notwithstanding the rather unfavourable location of the institution, the-
premises on the corner of Jarvis and Lombard streets still being occupit'' pend-
ing the completion of the new buildings, which will be the permanent honie of
the hospital, and which are expected to be ready for occupation in the course of
a few months.
The new buildings will accommodate IGO patients, and as far as their struc-
tural arrangements can be judged of at present, the facilities to be afforded, and
the internal arrangement and accommodation will be of the best description.
The location, too, will be equally favourable to the successful treatment of the-
patients.
I found the present premises neat and clean, and in excellent order ; and
ample evidence of the care and attention bestowed upon the juvenile patients.
The books are properly and neatly kept.
THE HAVEN, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Asylum during the
year : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 . . . . - 158
Admitted --..---- 377
Total number of inmates ,535
Discharged __-.---- 483
Deaths - -------- 5
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 47
535.
Sex.
Female - - - - 535
— 535^
Religious Denominations.
Roman Catholic -------- 330
Protestant - - - 147
Other religions or not known ----- 58
535-
Nationalities.
Canadian .---.---- 190
English - - 120
Other countries -------- 225
53
Places admitted from..
City of Toronto - '^■'^7
Other cities and counties ------ 178
535
The income of the Haven during the year amounted to $4,103.93 and the
exjtonditure to ?4,147.:U.
The collective stay of the inmates was equal to 20,153 days, thus entitling
the institution to receive the sum of $408.05 as Government aid for 1.S91.
56
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891"
Inspections.
Copies of reports made to the Government by Mr, Christie are annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Haven, Toronto, on the 12th April.
There t\^ere 64 inmates on that day, namely, 42 adult females and 22 child-
ren. The adults are divided into two classes, the more degraded and shameless
ones being kept in the old building, and the others iu the new building. The
former class numbered 28.
The work undertaken by this Charity is no doubt of great importance, and
the influences it brings to bear upon this destitute, needy, and in many respects
forsaken class should be attended with good results.
I found the books in proper order.
I visited the Haven, Toronto, on the 22nd August. There were 54 inmates
being cared for on that day, viz: 38 adults and 16 children.
I found the new part of the institution in good order and well kept ; but the
old house is in a delapidated state and will require either extensive repairs or re-
moval as soon as the board can see their way to make the expenditure. The Are
ei-cape recently erected on the west side of the new building, and connected with
the wooden balconies of the building, is a substantial structure ; but it would
have been better if the wooden balconies had been removed and iron ones substi-
tuted, thus making the escape more indestructible than at present:
ST. MARY'S ORPHAN ASYLUM, HAMILTON,
The following summaries shew the operations of this Asylum during the
year :—
Movements of Inmates.
. In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - 151
Admitted ----._.. 60
Total number of inmates - _ _ . _ 211
Discharged -------- (54
Died ---------- 2
In residence, 30th September, 1890 . . - - 145
Sex.
Male ---------- 118
Female --------- 93
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --------- 12
Roman Catholic ------- 199
211
211
211
Nationalities.
Canadian ..---.-.-. 207
English --------- 4,
Irish - - - - - - - - - -
57
211
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Places admitted from.
City of Hamilton : - - ----- 138
County of Went worth --_.__ 3.3
Other counties and countries - - - - - - 41
211
Includintr the Government grant of $1,095. 2G the revenue of the Asyhim
durinor the year amounted to $6,595.60 and the expenditure to $6,595.60.
The collective stay of the inmates was 54,232 days entitling the Asylum to
receive a sum of $1,084.64 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Dr. O'Reilly to the Government is annexed : —
I visited the St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Hamilton, on the 26th April
There were on that day 64 orphans in residence. I found everything about the
place in its usual good order. This institution which is doing excellent work in
caring for and educating the little ones, is sadly in need of better accommodation.
The buildings are old and not suited to their purpo.se, and it is greatly to be
desired that better provision should be made in this regard.
PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM, HAMILTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this asylum during the
year :—
Movements of Inm^ates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 _ - . .
Admitted ---------
Total number of inmates - - _ .
Discharged ._--._--
In residence, 30th September, 1890 . - _ .
&ex.
Male
Female
Proteistant
Canadian
Enirlish
Religious Denominations.
Nationalities.
25
9
34
11
23
34
25
9
34
34
34
34
34
68
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No ^1). A. 1891
Places Admitted From.
City of Hamilton --------34
34
The receipts of the asylum during the year were $4,500.15, and the expendi-
tures were $4,457.90. The receipts and expenditures of the Aged Women's
Refuge are incUidei in these amounts.
The collective stay of the children was 8,090 days, entitling the institution
to receive the sum of $161.80 as government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I visited the Protestant Orphan Asylum, Hamilton, on the 29th May, when
the register showed the names of 21 children in residence. The premises were
in good order as usual.
BOYS' HOME, HAMILTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this home during the year : —
Movements of Inrtiates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ----- 81
Admitted --------- 32
Total number of inmates 113
Discharged --.------28
Died - - - 1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 84
— 113
Religious Denom^inations.
Protestant --------- 113
Roman Catholic - - - - - - - - ....
Other reliocions - - - - - - - -....
113
Places Admitted From.
Hamilton - - - - - - - - - 113
113
Nationalities.
Canadian -.--.--_- 63
English --------- 14
Irish ---------- 6
Scotch ..--.- - . 7
Other countries _-__---- 23
113
The receipts of the home during the year were $3,786.07 and the expendi-
tures wei-e $4,002.43.
The collective stay of the inmates was 21,953 days, entitling the home to
receive the sum of $439.00 as government aid for 1891.
59
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the government by Dr. O'Reill}' is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Boys' Home, Hamilton, on the 29th May. On
that day there were the names of 90 boys on the register.
Everything about the home was, as u.-^ual, in the best of order.
A properly equipped laundry would be a desirable improvement in tlii&
institution.
85
GIRLS' HOME, HAMILTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this home during the year : —
Movements of Tivmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1890 ------ 46
Admitted - - - - ^^ ,
Total number of inmates _ . . _ . 85
Discharged -.-.-----23
In residence, 30th September, 1890 ----- 62
85
Sex.
Male - - - - - - - - - - . . . .
Female - - - - - - - - - ••••
Religious DenomiTiations.
Protestant - - -- - - - - - 83
Other religions (or not known) ----- 2
Nationalities.
Canadian _--_-. .--79
English ..------- 3
Irish - - - - - - - - - -....
Other countries -------- 3
Places Admitted From.
City of Hamilton ..------ 85
Other parts of the Province of Ontario - - - - ....
85
The revenue of the home during the year was $3 776.30, and the expendi-
ture was 83,472.99.
The collective stay of the chiklren was 19,444 days, entitling the home to
receive a sum of $388.88 as government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I visited the Girls' Home, Hamilton, on the 28th May, thcie being then 54
girls in the institution.
I was pleased to find a general improvement in the appearance of the home.
New hardwood lioors had been laid and some general repairs made since the dat©
of my last inspection.
(iO
85
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (INo. 11).
A. 1891
HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS, HAMILTON.
Tlie following summaries shew the operation of this home during the
year
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889
Admitted _ _ _ -
Total number inmates
Discharged _ - _ -
Died . - - . ,
In residence oOth September, 1890
41
34
24
7
44
75
75
Male (infants)
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch
United States
OCX.
Religious Denoml "ations.
Nationalities.
39
36
— 75
74
1
68
3
75
Places admitted from.
City of Hamilton
Other places and counties
74
1
75
The revenue of the home, exclusive of the government grant of $586.41,
was $3,688.55, and the expenditure $4,307.56.
The collective stay of the children equalled 15,330 days. The home, there-
fore, will be entitled in respect of them to $306.60.
The collective stay of mother nurses, for whom 10 cents a day is allowed
was 2,066 days. The home in respect of these will be entitled to $206.60.
The collective days' stay to those mothers for whom 7 cents per day is
allowed was 2,63 i days, for which they are entitled to receive $184.17.
The total grant to the home, therefore, for 1891, will amount to $697.37.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the government by Dr. O'Reilly is annexed : —
I inspected the Home for the Friendless, Hamilton, on the 28th May, when
I found therein 12 adult females and 47 children.
An epidemic of measles visited the institution since my last inspection. No
less than 39 of the children being ill, but fortunately no deaths resulted. How-
ever, four of the inmates succumbed to " la grippe."
The house was found to be in excellent condition as to cleanliness and
order. Fire escapes should be provided.
61
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
ORPHANS' HOME, KINGSTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of the institution during the
year : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ----- 54
Admitted --------- 4-4
Total number of inmates - ■ . - - — 9g
Discharged .--------36
Died ----- 1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 61
— 96^
Sex.
Male ---------- 62
Female --------- .36
Religious Dmoininat ions.
Protestant --------- 97
Roman Catholic -------*- 1
Nationalities.
Canadian --------- 83
English --------- 15
Other countries --------
98
98.
— 98
Places adm^itted from.
City of Kingston - • ------ 67
County of Frontenac ------- 9
Other counties in Ontario ------ 22
— 98
The revenue of the home during the year was $3,717.86, including the
government grant of §387.20, and the expenditure was .^4,432.23.
Tlie collective stay of the children was 21,461 days, entitling the institution
to receive a sum of .S429.21 as government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of tlie report made by Mr. Christie to the government upon this
home is annexed : —
I visited the Orphans' Home, Kingston, on the 15-th April. On thut;day
there were 41 hoys and 22 girls being cared for.and with one exception tliey were
all in go(»d health. I found the books projierly kept, and the work of the home
generally in a .satisfactory condition. Spring hou.se-cleaning was in progress.
62
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make the second inspection of this
Orphanage. A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you, I made an inspection of the Orphans' Home, King-
ston, on the 5th September.
There were then 35 boys, 21 girls and 1 adult female in the home.
These children were all seen and they appeared to be .well cared for and
enjoying good health. There was not a case of sickness among them. Neat
uniforms for the boys and girls have been adopted this year.
'J"he institution was found to be in excellent order. The walls of the lower
part of the building have been painted this season. This improvement should
be extended to the other parts. The floors also require repainting. The books
uf record were properly kept.
ORPHANAGE OF THE HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE, KINGSTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Orphanage during the
year: —
Movemeiits of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889- - . . - - 19
Admitted - - - - - - - - - - 127
Total number of inmates . . - - 146
Discharged --------- 101
Died - - - _--.-.- 1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - - 44
Sex.
Male - - - - 80
Female --------- 60
Religious Denominations.
Protestant --------- 2
Roman Catholic -------- 144
146
146
14C
Nationalities.
Canadian ---------- 26
English --------- 106
Irish ---------- 10
Other countries -------- 4
146.
Places admitted from.
City of Kingston- --------13
County of Frontenac -------- 7
Other counties - - - - - - - -126
146
The receipts and expenditures of the Orphanage are included with those of
the House of Providence, and cannot be shewn separately.
The collective stay of the children was 13,108 days, entitling the Orphanage
to receive the sum of $262.16 as Government aid for 1891.
63
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Inspection.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I visited the House of Providence Orphanage, Kingston, on the 16th April,
and saw the 14 children then under charge. They were all in the class-room at
the time of my visit, and appeared to be provided with all modern appliances for
their proper instruction. The children were evidently well and properly cared
for.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Nicholson to make a second inspection of this
institution. A copy of his report is annexed : —
As instructed by you I made an inspection of the Orphanage Branch of the
House of Providence, Kingston, on the 5th September.
There were 13 children being cared for for whom isolated quarters are pro-
vided, the condition of the rooms, beds, and the premises generally were excellent.
HOTEL DIEU ORPHAN ASYLUM, KINGSTON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Asylum during the
year :—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - - 31
Admitted --------- ,52
Total number of inmates - . . - . 83
Discharged ......... 4.{j
Deaths ----------
In residence, 30th September, I8i)0 - - - -
Sex.
Male -
Female
lloman Catholic
J'rotestant
Canadian
English
(Jlher countries
Religious Denominations.
Nationalit les.
37
83
2
M
83
82
1
83
■ ()7
14
2
83
CA
iSJr Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. U). A. 1891
Places admitted frorni.
City of Kinj^ston- - - - - - - - -68
(Jounty of Fi-ontenac ----_._ 9
Other counties and countries - - - - - -11
83
The income of the Asylum during the year amounted to S391.40, and the
expenditure to S751.00
The collective stay of the inmates was equal to 13,358 days, thus entitling
the institution to receive the sum of $2G7. 16 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
I^r. Christie instructed Mr, Nicholson to make an inspection of this Orphan-
age, a copy of his report is appended : —
As directed by you, I made an inspection of the Hotel Dieu Orphanage,
Kingston, on 5th September, when the inmates numbered 38, namely, 31 children
under twelve years, 6 adult females, and i boy. I saw the children all of whom
had a clean and neat appearance.
As has been pointed out in a former report, " the position of the Orphanao-e
in the upper flat of the hospital building must somewhat restrict the exercise and
airinof of the children."
ORPHANS' HOME, OTTAWA.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Home duiing the
year :—
Movements of Inmatei^.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 48
Admitted ------.._ 39
Total number of inmates ---___ 87
Discharged - - - - - - - - - 8I'
Died ---------.-...
In resilience, 30th September, 1890 - - _ - 56
87
Male
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Sex.
Religious Denomination'^
44
43
87
87
87
5 (R.) 65
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian --..-_. ..74
Enijlish .■---.--__ 10
Other countries -----._. 3
87
Places admitted jrom.
City of Ottawa --------73
County of Carleton --_.__. (j
Other countries - - - - - - - - 8
87
The revenue of the Home was $4,280.69, and the expenditures were $4,5S5.5.*i..
The collective stay of the children was equal to 19,524 days, thus entitling
the institution to receive the sum of $390.48 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Orphanage is annexed : —
I visited the Protestant Orphans' Home, Ottawa, on the 1st May. The-
names of 52 children were on the register, all of whom 1 saw ; 33 were in the
class-room. They all had a comfortable and well cared for appearance. From
the records, I note that the population of this institution during the past winter
has been much higher than the average ; but as the accommodation is there can-
not have becH any inconvenience caused by the increased number.
Owing to defect being fouud in the plumbing the entire renewal of the system
throughout the building has been necessary', and a considerable expense entailed
in C'lnsetpience. It is to be hoped, however, that the new fittings will prove to
be permanent, and will require no further outlay necessary for a long time to
come.
Other impi'ovements are about being CDinmenced, and the whole building is
to be tlioroughly renovated, the funds for which are now in hand through a
liberal bequest from the estate of a prominent citizen, lately deceased. 1 wa*
informed that tlie institution is now free from debt.
ST. PATRICK'S ORPHAN ASYLUM, OTTAWA.
The following sunnnaries shew the opi-ration.s of this Asylum during the
year .—
Movements of hnaates.
In i-csidence, l.st October, 18«9 50
Admitted --------- 73 ,
Total nuuibcr of inmat(.'s ----- 123
Discharged __.--..- 52
Died --.--..
Ill i-esidence, 30tli Septt-iniMT, IMH)
123
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891:
Male
Female
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Canadian
English
Irish
Scotch
United States
Sex.
Religious Denominations
Nationalities.
59
64
Places admitted from.
1
1Z,J
122
123
100
6
11
5
1
123
104
]9
ii)^
City of Ottawa
Other parts of the Province -
The income of this Orphanage was $11,073.4S, inclusive of the Government
grant, and the expenditure $11,141.05.
The collective stay of the children was equal to 20,846 days, entitling the
institution to receive the sum of $416.92 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Home is annexed : —
I inspected the St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, Ottawa, on the 1st May,
The register shewed that there were 60 inmates in the House, and S3 of
them were under the charge of the teacher in the class-room at the time of my
visit. They all appeared to be very well cared for.
year
ST. JOSEPH'S ORPHAN ASYLUM, OTTAWA.
The following su!nni;iries siievv the operations cf this Charity during the
Movements of patients.
In residence, 1st October, 1889
Admitted _ . - .
Total numoer of inmates
Discharged _ - _ _
Died -----
In residence, 30th September, 1890
67
130
120
250
148
102
230
r>4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
Sex
Male
Female
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Canadian
Irish
Other countries
Religious Denominations.
Nationalities
Places admitted from.
102
148
248
250
250
22.S
27
250
City of Ottawa
Count}" of Carleton
Other counties and places
228
21
1
250
The leceipts of the institution were $5,320.09, and the expenditures
35,323.31.
The collective stay of children was 43,672 days, entitling the Asylum to
receive the sum of 8873.44 as the Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government upon this
Home is annexed : —
I made an inspection of the St. Joseph's Orphanage, Ottawa, on the 1st
May, and saw the children then under charge, namely, 45 boys and 64 girls.
They were all well and bright and clean in appearance, and apparently were
receiving proper care and attention. The books and other things pertaining to
the institution were found fco be in proper order.
ROMAN CATHOLIC ORPHANS' HOME, LONDON.
The following summaries show tlie operations of this Orphanage during
the year : —
Moveynctds of Juiuaics.
In resi<lence, 1st October, 1889 -
Admitted - * -
Total nurnbei" ol inniat{!s
Discharged - - - - -
Died
In residence, 30tli September, 1890
68
98
67
165
^^
SI
I(i5
64 Victoria
Sessional Papers" (No. 11).
A. 1891
Sex.
. Male ---------- 87
Female .-.-__-__ 78
165
Religious Dcnomiv ations.
Roman Catholic - - - - - - - -164
Protestant --------- 1
— 165
J)[ationalities.
Canadian ---------- 161
Irish - . - - 2
United States - - - - 2
165
Places admitted from.
City of London -------- 78
Other parts of Ontario - - - - - - - 92
165
The receipts and expenditures of this Home are included with those of the
House of Refuge.
The collective stay of these children was S6,341 days, entitling the Asylum-
to receive the sum of $726.81 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspection.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is
annexed : —
I made an inspection of the Roman Catholic Orphan's Home, London, on the
2nd June. There were the names of 1(;3 children on the register on that day.
This orphanage is in every respect in the best of order.
PROTESTANT ORPHANS' HOME, LONDON.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Orphanage during
the year : —
Movements of Immates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889
Admitted - - _ -
Total number of inmates
50
18
68
Discharged - - - -
Died - - - -
In residence, September, 1890
10
1
57
6S
69
-54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
Sex.
:^raie - - - 47 .
Female ..-_-.--- 21
68
Religious Denominations.
Protestant -_.------ 68
68
Nationalities.
Canadian ......... QQ
Irish ---------- 5
Other countries _._^---- 3
68
Places admitted fronts.
City of London -------- 68
Other parts of Ontario
68
The receipts and expenditures of this Home are included with those of the
House of Refuge.
The collective stay of these children was 18,560 days, entitling the Asylum
to receive the sum of $371.20 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspection.
A copy of the report made to the Government by me is annexed : —
On the 17th October I visited the Protestant Ocphans' Home, London, and
found it well managed and provided for. l^he premises were clean and in good
order.
WOMEN'S REFUGE AND INFANTS' HOME, LONDON.
Tlie following summaries shew the operations of this charity during the
year :—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 - - - - - - 11
Admitted --------- 66
Tfjtal numljer of inmates 77
Discharged --------- ,58
Died - - - 5
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - . - - 14
— — 77
Sex.
Male (infants) - - - - - - - - - 17
Female --...----GO
77
70
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1."^!)!
Religious Denominations.
Protestant - - - - - - - - - 61
Roman Catholic -------- 15
Other relioions -------- 1
77
Places admitted from.
City of London -------- 70
Counties in Ontario -------- .'^
Other countries -------- 4
77
The receipts during the year, exclusive of the G )vernment grant of $246.91,
were $617.34, and the expenditures $1,240.65.
The C()llective stay of the children equalled •"^,258 day-. The home will,
therefore, be entitled in respect of them to $65.16. The collective stay of
mother nurses, for whom 10 cents a day is allowe', was 1,367 days. The home,
in respect of these will be entitled to $136.70.
The collective days' stay of those mothers for whom 7 cents per day is
allowed, was 893 days, for which they are entitled to receive $62.51.
The total grant to the Home therefore, for 1891, will amov'nt to $264 37.
Inspection.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is appended : —
I visited the Women's Refuge and Infants' Home, London, on the 2nd June-
There were 7 adult females and 9 children in residence on that day. The Home
was found to be in very satisfactory order.
PROTESTANT HOME (ORPHANAGE BRANCH), ST. CATHARI.>ES.
The following summaries show the operations of this charity during the
year : —
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 17
Admitted - - - - .3
Total number of Inmates -----. 20
Discharged --------- 3
Died ----------..
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - . - _ 17
20
Sex.
Male - - - . . 14
Female -------,.. 6
Religious Denominations.
Protestant -.----.-_ 20
71
20
20
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Nationalities.
Canadian ._.--.--_- 18
English -_-.-_-_-- 2
Irish ----------
Other countries
20
Places admitted from.
City of St. Catharines - 16
County of Lincoln -------- 4
20
The revenue and expenditure of the Home during the year amounted to
82,127.76 and $2,088.32 respectively The receipts and expenses connected with
the Refuge Branch of the Home are also included in these sums.
The collective stay of the children was 5,829 days, entitling the Institution
to receive the sum of $116.57 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made to the Government by Dr. O'Reilly is appended :
I made an inspection of the Protestant Home, St. Catharines, on the 2.*)rd
June. There were 20 inmates, namely, 1 adult male, 1 adult female, and 18
children. I found everything about the Home in very satisfactory order. No
efficient fire escape has been provided for the Institution. This should be
attended to.
ST. AGATHA ORPHAN ASYLUiVT, ST. AGATHA.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Asylum during the
year :—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ------ 35
Admitted --------- H
Total number of inmates . . . . - 46
Discharged --------- 9
Died -----
In residence, 30th September, 1890 . . - . ,"7
^ex.
Male 39
Female ---------- 14
46
46
72
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Religious Denominations.
Roman Catholic . _ . _ _
Nationality.
Canadian -------
Places admitted from.
Village of St. Agatha
County of Waterloo
Other counties -
46
46
46
46
1
44
1
46
The revenue of the Asylum was $l,.b81.14 including the Government grant
of $281.58, and the expenditures were $1,584.01.
The collective stay of the children was 12,758 days, entitling the Asylum to
receive the sum of $255.16 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspection.
Mr. Christie instructed Mr. Mann, to make an inspection of this Orphanage.
A copy of his report is annexed :
On the 27th August, as instructed by you, I visited the Orphan's Home, St.
Agatha, for the purpose of inspection. On this occasion, there were 37 children
in residence, 25 boys and 12 girls. All of the children I saw, and they presented
a very healthy and prosperous appearance. Considerable improvements have
been made in the way of accommodation. Since my last visit to the charity,
additions have been made to the school room, a new dining-room has been built,
also a new dormitorj^ and wash-room.
These additions greatly facilitate the carrying on of the work, and all of the
apartments present a bright and wholesome appearance.
I examined the books which were entered up to date and properly kept.
ORPHANS' HOME, FORT WILLIAM.
The following summaries show the operations of this Charity during the
year :
Movemients of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 .31
Admitted -----__-. jq
Total number of inmates - . . _ . 50
Discharged ------._. 17
Died - . .^
In residence, :30th September, 1890 - - - _ 30
50
73
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
Sex.
Male - - . 20
Female - - -•>- - - - - - - 30
50
Religious Denominations.
Roman Catholic .._-.-._ 45
Protestant --------- 5
50
Nationality.
jCanadian ----------50
Place achnitted from.
Town of Port Arthur ------- 15
" Fort William ------ 21
Other counties of the Province ----- 14
50
The revenue of the Home was SI, 682.24, and the expenditure $1,819..50.
The collective stay of the children was 10,895 days, entitling the Home to
receive the sum of S217.89, as Government aid for 1891.
74
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 11).
A. Ib91
MAGDALEN ASYLUMS.
The institutions included in this portion of the report have been doing their
work quietly and well. I have to report no changes in regard to them, except
■such minor oues as may be mentioned in the separate reports. The usual statis-
tical tables are appended : —
s
o
o
a
1-
g
S
bo
■a
o
i
•
m
(0
be
h
o
CO
NAMES OF MAGDALEN HOSPITALS.
Location.
a
3
"a
^3
a .
13
I.
bo
'S
3
T3
a
2
o3
^3
3"r
o
1
•Si
ti
c 5f)
•^
>-?o
JO
<15_-
a
<Di-l
-^9
Boo
-as
o
o
ti
Dr-.
Si-H
■g-o
d
d
3^
2
2
H
^
;^
2
Toronto
do ....
15
46
40
57
55
103
30
57
1
2
24
Good Shepherd Refuge for Fallen Women
44
Good Shepherd Magdalen Asylum
Ottawa
103
71
174
68
1
105
Totals, 1890 . .
1G4
169
168
152
332
321
155
149
4
8
173
" 1889
164
The statistics for each Asylum, in respect of sex, religious denominations,
nationalities and previous residences of the inmates, have been summarized
as under: —
Sex.
Male - - - -
Female ---------
332
Protestant
Roman Catholics
Religi'oits Denominations.
nationalities.
}32
Canadian
English ----_.-._
Irish -----.--..
Scotch ..--_._._
United States ------__
Other Countries ..-__-_
Previous Residences.
Received from city or town in which institutions are located
Received from counties in which institutions are located
Received from other countries in the Province -
Emifjrants and for«io-ners -____.
75
49
283
332
165
42
102
8
11
4
332
288
16
38
40
382
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papors (ISo. 11).
A. 1891
The next two tables exhibit respectively the aggregate stay of the inmates
and the amounts which will be recommended as the grants to be voted in 1891
and the cost of maintaining the rarious asylums : —
stay of
from
sr than
1
NAMES OF MAGDALEN ASYLUMS.
Location,
T3
* X
C3 00 *^
a; m IJ
£: o g
C X 3>
Jilt
bcc
bo— ■
P >
o— o
111!
<;
<
E=
? c.
$ c.
Industrial Refuge
Toronto ....
8,387
4.369 92
167 74
Good Shepherd Refuge for Fallen Women
1G,232
10,318 57
324 64
Good Shepherd Magdalen Asylum
Ottawa
37,357
6,705 43
747 14
Totals, 1890
61,976
21,393 92
1,239 52
" 1889
62,173
18,681 92
1,243 46
NAMES OF MAGDALEN ASYLUMS.
Location.
Aggregate day's stay of inmates.
Total exppnditurtf for mainten
ance during the year.
Aggregate cost per inmate per
day.
Induntrial Refuge
Toronto
do ....
Ottawa ....
8,387
16,232
37,357
$ c.
*4,915 67
10,667 71
9,1.38 90
Cents.
65.72
(Jood Shepherd Magdalen Asylum
24.46
Totali for 1890.
61,976
24,722 28
TotalB for 1889
62.173
23,845 14
'Expenditure of Ag«d Woaen's Home is included in this amount.
7G
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
SEPARATE REPORTS.
INDUSTRIAL REFUGE, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this institution during the
year :
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ----- 15
Admitted --------- '^^.^
Total number of inmates 5o
Discharged --------- 30 .
Died
1
In residence, 30th September, 1890 - - - - 24
Religious denominations.
Protestant ----42
Roman Catholic -------- 13
Nationalities.
•Canadian ----------14
English ..------- 17
Irish ---------- 17
Scotch :"■"■'""" I
Other countries - "
Places admitted from..
City of Toronto -------- 55
55
00
00
/"''^;fThe revenue of the Asylum, exclusive of the Government grant of §157.38,
amounted to $4,369.92, and the expenditures to $4,915.67.
3The collective stay of the inmates was 8,387 days, entitling the institution
to receive the sum of $167.74 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspection.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : — •
The Industrial Refuge, Toronto, was inspected by me on the 12th April.
The inmates numbered 27, all of whom I saw, and they appeared to be of that
class requiring the oversight of such an institution. They were provided with
employment suitable to their ability and circumstances.
The institution was found to be in good order throughout.
77
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 11). A. 1891
GOOD SHEPHERD REFUGE FOR FALLEN WOMEN, TORONTO.
The following summaries shew the operations of this Refuge during the
year :—
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889 ' t^
Admitted 57
Total number of inmates 103
lOS
Discharged --------- 57
Died ---------- '1
In residence, 30th September, 1.^90 - - - - 44
103
Religious Denom,inations.
Protestant --------- 6
Roman Catholic -------- 97
103
Nationalities, x,
Canadian --------- 47
English --------- 18
Irish - - - - - 31
Other countries -------- 7
Placc-i nd III Ittcd froni.
City of Toronto -------- 83
County of York -------- 3
Other counties and countries 17
103
The income of this Charit}', exclusive ol the CiovL-rnment grant of $349.14,
was S10,318.o7, and the expenditure 5lO,()ti7.7l.
The collective stay of the inmates was 16,232 days, entitling the institution
to receive the sum of !?324.64 as Government aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Government is annexed : —
I inspected the Good Shepherd Refuge for Fallen Women, Toronto, on the
3rd June. The re;;ister contained the names of 44 inmates, all of whom I saw
engaged in their usual avjjcations.
The v/oi k of the institution was being carried on pioperly and vvitli due care
for the well l»t;ing of tin; inmates.
The premi.'^t;s WHre in g(jod order.
78
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 11).
A. 1891
year
GOOD SHEPHERD MAGDALEN ASYLUM, OTTAWA.
The followino- summaries shew the operations of this Refuge during the
Movements of Inmates.
In residence, 1st October, 1889
Admitted - _ - . _
Total number of inmates -
Discharged . _ _ _
Died '-----
In residence, 30th September, 1890
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Religious denom^inations.
Nationalities.
103
71
17?
174
68
1
105
174
174
Canadian
English
Irish
Other CO an tries
Places admitted from.
City of Ottawa
County of Carleton
Other counties and countries
104
7
54
9
174
100
13
61
174
The income of this Charity, exclusive of the Government grant of $736.94r
was $6,705.43, and the expenditure S9, 138.90.
The collective stay of the iumatt s vas 37,357 days, entitling the institution
to receive the sum of $7+7.14 as Govern uient aid for 1891.
Inspections.
A copy of the report made by Mr. Christie to the Governmenl is annexed : —
I inspected the Good Shepherd Magdalen Asylum, Ottawa, on the 30th
April. On that day there were 107 persons in charge, namely, 95 adults and 12
girls under twelve years of age. The institution was in its usual condition of
good order and its work being carried on in regular form.
The extensive building operations which were commenced last autumn are
still in progress, and when completed the work-room and durmitoiy accommo-
dation will be much enlarged and improved.
The records were found to be correctly and neatly kept.
79
A. M. SMITH,
President of tlie Fruit Growern' AHHoL-iation of Oiitiirio fur tliii yuar 18!)0.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF TUE
FRUIT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION
OF ONTARIO.
1890.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO :
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, 68 & 70 FRONT STREET WEST.
1891.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12).
1 01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page.
Letter of Transmittal v.
Officers for 1^S91 vi.
'ihe Annual Meeting vi.
Treasurer's Report vii.
President's Annual Address vii.
Committees appointed at Annual Meet-
ing xiv.
Report on New Fruits xv.
The Winter Meeting 1
Vine Culture and Wine making in Epsex. 12
Experimental Farms: Wm. Saunders,
Ottawa 13
Fruit Rooms and Storage of Fruits : T.
T. Lyon, President Michigan Hor-
ticultural Society 22
Peach Growing for Profit : J. F. Taylor,
Douglas, Michigan 25
Experience in Pear Culture : J. K. Mc-
Michael, Waterford 32
Page.
How to Prune a Commercial Orchard :
A. McNeil, Windsor 37
A simple Way to make pure Grape Wine
for Home LTse : E. Gerardot,
Windsor 39
Fruit as Food : L. Woolverton, Grimsby 46
Peach Growing in the Niagara District :
L. Woolverton, Grimsby 56
Suitability of Ornamental Trees : D.
Nichol, Cataraqui 60
Humbugs in Horticulture : T. H. Race,
Mitchell 63
The Curculio : Mr. Billings, Niagara. . . 72
Pear Blight : J. K. McMichael, Water-
ford 75
How to Make the best of Ten Acres of
Land : E. Morden, Niagara Falls
Souta 78
The Ontario Fruit List 82
INDEX
Ammoniacal Carbonate of Copper 55
Apple Packing 76
Apple Scab 49, 54
Apples, Carbonate of Soda for 54
Apples for Stock 47
Apples, New —
Beresinskoe xvii.
Golden White xvi.
Haliburton xv.
Russian varieties imported, 1890 . . xix.
Apples. Seedling —
Henderson's xvii.
McMillan's xvi.
Renaud's xvi.
Wilson's XV.
A shes for Gooseberry Mildew 51
Bassett's American plum 43
Ben Davis apple 7
Birch, Cut-leaved Weeping 61
Bradshaw plum 41, 42
Canadian Horticultui-ist, benefit of ... . ix.
Carbonate of Copper lor Apple Scab ... 54
Carrying companies 71
Cherry. Clarke's September xviii
Coal ashes as a fertilizer 37
Curculio 52, 72
" Paris Green for 53
Dry House 18
Essex, apples for 9
" Vine culture in 12
" As a Fruit section 16
Evaporated Fruit, galvanized trays for. 20
" Growth and importance of the in-
dustry 16
" Zinc in 21
Exhibitors, sho"ld they be owners 9
Experimental Farm 14
Experimental Grounds 1
Fameuse apple 5
Fertilizers for Orchards ;i5
Fruit as Food 46
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12)
A. 1891
Page.
Fruit carriage xii.
Fruit Growers' Association, History of. . viii.
Fruit Growing in Michigau . . U
" u Niagara Peninsula . . 5L>
Fruit Rooms, and Fruit Storage 22
Fruit Varieties and Improvements xiii.
Glass Seedling plum 42
Golden Kusset apple 5
Gooseberrj' Mildew 49
Gooseberry, Sutherland's xviii
Grand Duke plum 43
Grape Vine, pruning of 37
Grape Wiiie for Home Use 39
Greening apple 4
Grime s Golden apple 0
Handl ng Fruit x.
Hedges for Southern Ontaiio 45
Horticulture in Schools 13
Hudson River Purple Egg plum 41
Humbugs in Horticulture 63
Hyposulphite of Soda 54
Imperial Gage plum 42
Japan Plums 43
Judging Fruit at Fairs 22
Kijig apple 2
Lombard plum 41, 43
Mann applt 5
Marketing Fruits 08
Marketing Grapes 38
Mice aud Rabbits, Prevention of 34
Mildew and other Fungi 30
McLaughlin plum 42
New Fruits .^v.
N<jrtliorn Sj^y apple 3
Obituary Notices xix.
.John Croil xii.
Charles Gibb xii.
W. H. Mills xii.
One-Judge System at Fairs 22
Ontario Fruit List 1 , 82, 84
Omninental Trees, Suit>i>)ility «f 60
Packages f'>r Fruit 70
Paring Machines 19
Page.
Peach Growing for Profit 25
Peach Growing in the Niagara District . . 56
Peach Tree Borer 30
Peaches, Ashes for 29
" New varieties of 26
' ' Six best for Essex Co 30
" Six best for Niagara District. ... 31
" Yellows in 27
Pear Blight 33, 75
Pear Culture, Experience iu 32, 81
Peter's Yellow Gage plum 41
Pilfering Fruit . . 71
Planting Ornamental Trees 60
Planting unsuitable Trees 62
Plants for Testing xi.
Plums —
" Culture of 41
" Six best 41
" Three best for Home Use 43
Points in Peach Growing 56
Princess Louise apple 4
Pruning Grapes 37
Pruning Norway Spru e 63
Railway Freights 44
Red Canada apple 7
Reine Claude plum 42
Russian Apricot 44
Salome Apple iJ, 44
Saunders. Wni. , Address of .... 13
Seedling Fruits 44
Selling Fruit by Auction 69
Shiawassee Beauty apple 6
Silver Poplar condenuied 61
Single Specimens of Ornamental Trees . 60
Spitzenberg apj)le 5
Spraying Trees in Bloom 34
" Mixture for 60
" Time for 35
Stark apple 4
Storage of Fruit 23
Strawberry, Tlie William.s xvii.
Ton Acres in Fruit, to make tlie best of. 7b
Wild Black Cherry .
Williams' Strawberry
Wine, ])uro
WiLcli Hazel
(>7
39
IV,
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
ONTARIO FRUIT GROWEiJS' ASSOCIATION
To THE Hon, John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture :
Sir — I have the honor of submitting for j'Our approval the twenty-second Annual
Report of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario.
In doing so, I beg that you will notice the efforts which are being made by our
Association toward (1) the preparation of a complete list of fruits adapted to Canada
with values of a perfect specimen of each variety attached, which it is hoped may form a
basis for greater uniformity and fairness in judging fruits at fairs ; and (2) the prepara
tion of district fruit lists, which may serve as a useful guide to intending planters, by
showing what varieties may be successfully grown in the various localities.
I have the honor to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
LINUS WOOLVERTON,
Secretary.
Grimsby, October, 1890.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
OFFICERS FOR 1891.
President :
J. A. Morton Wingliam
Vice-President :
A. H. Pettit Grimsby
Secretary-Treasurer and Editor :
Linus Woolverton, M. A Grimsby.
Directors :
Division No. 1 W. S. Turner, Cornwall.
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
Div
sion No. 2 John Oraij;, Experimental Farm, Ottawa.
sion No. 3 D. Nichol, Cataraqui.
sion No. 4 P. C. Dempsey, Trenton.
sion No. 5 Thomas BealJ, Lindsay.
sion No. 0 W. E. Wellington, Toronto.
sion No. 7 M. Pettit, Winona.
sion No. 8 ..A.M. Smith, St. Catharines.
sion No. 9 J. K. McMichael, Wateiford.
sion No. 10 A. McD. Allan, Goderich.
sion No. 11 T. H. Race, Mitchell.
sion No. 12 N.J. Clinton, Windsor.
sion No. 1.3 G. C. Oaston, Craighurst.
Auditors :
James Goldie Guelph.
J. M. Denton London.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
THE ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, was held in the
City Hall, Hamilton, on Tuesday evening, the 16th December. 1890.
The President, Mr. A. M. Smith, of St. Catharines, took the chair at 8 o'clock p.m.,
and introduced Mr. D. McLellan, mayor of the city, whose remarks are here reportep
in brief, owing to the absence of the official reporter.
The mayor said that when he received a letter from the secretary of the Associa
tion, asking for the use of the council chamber for this meeting, he had at once placed it
■ before the city council, and it had received the hearty sanction of that body. He
regretted that there was not that evening a larger local attendance of the citizens of
Hamilton to show the interest they take in the progress of horticulture and agriculture
in our country. He thought that the Association had done a wise thing in choosing the
city of Hamilton as their place of meeting, because this city was situated in the very
heart of the best fruit region of Ontario, and near to the Niagara district, which is so
well and so favorably known on account of its great adaptability to the culture of our
finest varieties of fruits. By such meetings as these, and through the interesting and valu-
able reports of them which were scattered so widely by the Department of Agriculture,
the Association was advertising the capabilities of this province throughout the whole
world. The agricultural delegates of the British farmers who had recently visited this
country, had carried away with them the most favorable impressions of the agricultural
and horticultural resources of this province. He was aware that no very lengthened
address was expected of him at this time, and he would therefore simply extend to the
Association a most hearty welcome on behalf of the citizens of Hamilton.
The President replied on behalf of this Association, thanking his worship the
mayor, and through him the citizens of Hamilton generally, for the kind welcome,
which had just been extended to them. On coming to this city the society felt that
they were in a sense only coming home again, for it was its birthplace, and for this
reason, as well as because of the general interest always manifested here in their work,
the members felt more at home than in any other city in the province. The' president
closed his remarks with some complimentary expressions regarding the ^beauty of the
hall which the city had so freely placed at the disposal of the association.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12)
A. 1891
THE TREASURER'S REPORT.
After the minutes of the last annual msetiug were reil the Treasurer's report was
presented as follows :
Receipts.
i]xl*ENI)ITUHK.
Balance on hand last audit
S c.
231 86
2,012 35
1,800 00
296 87
43 18
1 17
! Plant distributicm
c.
291 86
Mtmbe.s' fees
(Canadian Horticulturist
1,598 01
Government grant
Cliromo lithographs
Electrotypes
Directors' expenses
Express and duty
Printing and stationery
Postage and telegrams
Commissions
Care of rooms at meetings
Stenographer
233 00
Advertisements
Back numbers and bound volumes of
the Canadian Horticulturist
Petty receipts
73 78
464 36
230 45
70 38
85 01
85 08
12 00
128 15
14 05
Exchanges
Advertising meetings
Salary Secretary -Treasurer, Editor and
otfice clerk
4 60
3 00
1,000 00
84 50
4,385 43
4,385 43
To the Pretidcnt and Uirectors of the Fruit Growers Association :
Gentlemen,— We, the undersigned, appointed to audit the receipts and disbursements of the Secre-
tary-Treasurer for the year ending December, 1890, beg to present the following report :
We have examined the vouchers, compared them with the items of expenditure, and find them
correct, showing a balance deposited in the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Hamilton, of $81 50.
Your auditors wish to bear testimony to the careful manner in which the books of the Association
■ire kept.
J AS. GOLDIE, \ A„^:f„™
J. M. DENTON, l'*-""""'^^-
Hamilton, December 10th, 1890.
Upon motion the trea.su rer'a statement and the audit thereof were duly adopted.
THE PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL ADDRESS.
Gbntlemen, — In pursuance of a time-honored custom it becomes my duty to review
tlie labors of another year, or in other words to give an account of our stewardship, and
to present some thoughts upon horticultural topics that may be of interest. Although
the origin and advancement of our association has frequently been alluded to in the
annual addresses of my predecessors in office, I feel that it would not be out of place in
again meeting here in the birthplace of our sosiety, to glance a little farther back than
over the year which has just passed, to the time when our existence began and note
the progress and advancement we have made.
Nearly thirty-two years ago, or, on the 19tli of January, 1859, in the board room of
the Mechanic's Hall in this rity, was organized what was then called the Fru t Growers*
AHS':)ciation for Ujtper Canada ; which name was afterwards changed to the Fruit
Growers' Association of Ontario. The late Judge Oampbell of Niagara was its first
PrcKidt^nt He dicid within a y<'J»r and tlicrf; was no re-election of olliccirs till the lOth of
V ii.
51 \^ictoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
January, 1861, though there was a meeting for show of fruit and discussion of fruit
topics in October previous, at which time my connection with this association began. I
think I have only been absent from two of its annual and five or six of its other meet-
ings since that time. There were seventeen members at this meeting, quite a show of
fruit, and a good display of enthusiasm, be.sides some rambling discussion, and it was
decided to hold a meeting for the election of officers on the 16th of January following,
vv hich was accordingly held. At this meeting the late Judge Logic, of Hamilton, was
elected president, which office he held till the year 1867, when he was succeeded by the
late Wm. H. Mills, of this city. During this period meetings were held two or three
times a year, at various places, for show of fruits and discussions upon topics connected
with fruit culture, which brought out a great amount of useful information and no doubt
helped to lay the foundation of success in fruit culture which followed, though the meet-
ings were often but poorly attended, and the membership of the society had only in-
creased to thirty members. Fruit growing for profit was little thought of in Canada at
that time, except by a few persons in the Niagara district, and a few other favored
localities. In fact it was a question in many parts of the country, where fruit is now
grown largely for market, whether it could be grown at all or not. Many had planted
different varieties in many localities on the recommendation of traveling agents which
were not adapted to the country and their failure had discouraged them and others from
planting. During the year 1868, through the efforts of Mr. Mills an his co-laborers,
the society was incorporated under the Society and Arts Act, and became entitled to
receive from the public funds a yearly grant of ^350. This enabled us to collate, pub-
lish and distribute the information gathered in our society and also adopt a system of
sending out plants and trees to the different members in various parts of the province
for trial, and this has been productive of a vast amount of good in showing what varieties
are and what are not adapted to different localities. From that time forward, our labors
have been a continual success. We have held our meetings in nearly every part of the
])rovince, thus arousing local interest in the work, and encouraging farmers and others
to plant fruit. The Government, seeing our good works, have from time to time
increased our grant to enable us to carry out special plans for the advancement of this
interest ; notably our exhibits of fruit at the Centennial Exhibit on in Philadelphia and
the Colonial in England, which did more to attract attention to Canadian fruits aud
place them in the position they now occupy, in the front rank of the best markets of the
world, than all other causes combined. In thus attracting attention to Canada as a fruit
country it would naturally be suggested that a climate adapted to fruit growing would be
a desirable one to live in and thus I have not the least doubt that we have been instru-
mental in bringing many settlers from other countries to Canada.
Another scheme, which our Government grant has enabled us to carry out, has been
the publishing of our Canadian Horticulturist, a medium through which a vast fund of
useful information is conveyed to our inembers aud many of the general pu\)lic besides,
and under the management of its present efficient editor it is constantly growing better
and its usefulness is extending. I need not say this to the members, who all receive it,
but to those here who are not members I would say join our association, if for no other
reason than in order that you may have the Canadian Horticulturist.
ix.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Our memhership has increased from the little group of 30, in 1868, to over 2,000,
and we have the proud satisfaction of being the largest horticultural society in America
if not in the whole world ; while the culture of fruit throui^hout the country has made
corresponding advancement. Our towns and cities which were formerly largely supplied
from the neighboring republic are now abundantly stocked with fruits of our own grow-
ing;, and many sections of our country to which apples were sent from the States and
Niagara district thirty years ago, are now exporting thousands of barrels annually to the
old c untrv, and even to the United States, and that of a quality, too, which can not be
excelled or even equalled in the whole world. And by careful hybridizing and judicious
selections, varieties have been found that will succeed in many sections where it was
thought fruit could not be grown, and, if experiments and plans which are now under
way succeed, and I have every confidence that they will, the day is not far distant when
every inhabitant of Ontario, if not of the Dominion, who has land capable of being tilled,
if he cannot sit " under his own vine and fig tree " may at least, if he choose, raise enough
of some kinds of fruit to supply his own table.
Great improvements have been made also in the methods of handling fruits and in
packages. Thirty years ago, when I used to attend the Hamilton market, berries of all
kinds were brought in in pans and pails, and dipped out with the hand or with ladles
into measures, often in a condition ready for jam. Apples, pears and sometimes peaches
if not too soft were marketed in grain or meal bags, which had frequently not been very
well shaken — the bags T mean — the fruit had plenty in being got off the trees and over
the rouc'h roads in lumber wagons — there were no express ofiices between St. Catharines
and Hamilton, or that place and Toronto, I think ; but now we have attractive baskets
and ))ackages for every kind of fruit and it is carefully conveyed in spring wagons to
the railway station where express agents are ready to receive and forward it to its desti-
nation. But, notwithstanding the progress of fruit culture there have been many dis-
ouragements and hindrances to contend with. Blight, fungus, mildew, yellows, black-
knot, frost and insects of various kinds, often step in and cut off our crops and blast the
hopes of fruit growers, and they have to be ever on the alert to protect themselves from
these enemies. The methods and experiments in combatting these evils, brought out in
discussions at our various meetings and communicated to the public and others, through
our IL rticullurisl and Annual Report, have been of incalculable benefit. There has not
only been a great advance in fruit growing during the last thirty years but also a great
advance along all other horticultural lines, particularly in the rural districts. There is
more taste displayed in laying out and beautifying grounds, in planting trees, shrubs and
flowers ; in making homes attractive, than previously, and we believe that the Fruit
Growers' Association of Ontario has done much in the development of this taste and in
bringing about these excellent results. The year that has just passed, has been a very
discouraging one to many of us, particularly to growers of apples. Although the spring
opened with an abundance of bloom and there was every indication of a bountiful crop,
then; came a cold east storm which blasted the fruit and entirely destroyed it through
thf; mid'iie and southern portions of Ontario, except in a few sheltered and favored loca-
tions. The counties of Huron, Bruce, Grey and a portion of Simcoe were the only ones
which had any apples of any account to export. The .same storm nearly dcistroyed the
X.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
peach crop also, and in many sections the plum and cherry. Pears have been a medium
crop, and the grape crop simply enormous, yielding five to six tons to the acre and some
varieties even as high as eight to ten tons. Small fruits have been a fair crop and all
kinds of fruit have brought good prices. On the whole, fruit growers have been as suc-
cessful as any other class of agriculturists. I think, however, that this season will
demonstrate the fact that it is not wise for those whose only income is from fruit, to
depend altogether upon one kind. " Don't put all of your eggs in one basket." Many
an orchardist, who has depended solely upon his apples or peaches this past year, finds
himself in a bad position, while those who have had an assottment of fruits have had some-
thing to fall back upon.
Now a word about our labors for the past year. Besides the issuing of our llorti-
■cuUurist and annual report, we have arranged a list of the varieties of apples adapted
to Ontario, showing their relative values, hardiness, productiveness, quality etc., estab-
lishing a scale of points for judging fruit at fairs, which we think will be of great value ;
we have held two meetings for. the show of fruits and discussions a full account
of which will appear in our next annual report. These meetings have been well attended
by our own members and their friends, besides we have had several prominent horticul-
turists from the United States to give us the benefit of their experience, so that, alto-
gether, the report of 1890 may be looked for as one of great value. We have distributed
over 2,000 trees, vines, and plants to our members for trial, and let me here emphasize
that word trial, for I fear too many of our members think these trees and plants are given
just as an inducement for them to become members, or as a gift, and as they cost them
nothing they do not give them the care and attention they should. This is not the
object for which they are given ; they are given you for trial. They are generally new
and untried varieties and we wish to have them tested in different sections of the country
and upon different soils and locations and careful reports made upon them for the good
of the country at large. So, if they are valuable, others can plant them and if they are
not suited to one section, let it be known, so that others in that section will avoid plant-
ing them. We consider that you get your dollar's worth from the Horticulturist and
report and that you should do this testing for the good of others.
Another work which many of the prominent members of the association have been
engaged in and which 1 think will be productive of much good, has been the visiting of
farmers' institutes throughout the province and taking part in the discussions upon
horticultural subjects, imparting what information they could in relation to fruit grow-
ing. During the year we have had a Dominion convention ot fruit growers which many
of our members attended, and at which many questions of intei^sst were discussed.
Perhaps the most important was that of shipping and marketing. Agents of differ-
ent transportation companies met us and listened to our grievances and suggestions,
and they manifested a desire to furnish us better facilities and greater dispatch in ship-
ping our fruits. I believe, as a result, there has been an imnrovement in this respect
during the year, though I think we have just cause to complain yet of the way our fruit
is handled by some of the express companies, and their want of proper accommodation
in their ca'-s, which are generally destitute of shelves for storing fruit. Slight baskets
xi.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
are piled one upon the other in such a way that frequently when it comes off the car it
is in better condition for pigs than for placing upon the market. Tiiore is another griev-
ance in connection with the express companies which I think it the duty of thts Asso-
ciation to look into and try to have remedied. I refer to the petty pilfering of fruit
from baskets and packages while in transit. I presume there is not a shipper who does
not receive complaints every year from his customers of weight or measure beiiig short,
or baskets being broken open and fruit abstracted. The loss is generally so small that if
he is very busy he does not take the trouble to report it, and if he does he seldom gets
any satisfaction. The large shippers do not often notice it, but it comes especially severe
on the small dealers in country towns and private individuals who are getting a few
baskets for their own consumption. As a case in point, I was stopping a few weeks in
the little town of Brussels last fall during the grape season, and a loidow womanlivin.^^
there who made her living by selling fruit and confectionery wanted me to order her up
some grapes for retailing, 100 pounds or so at a time. I did so and when the first lot
came up she reported them five or six pounds short. Thinking there might possibly be
a mistake on the part of my shippers I deducted it from her bill and let it pass. On the
arrival of the next shipment I happened to be in her store when they were delivered and
noticed that some of the baskets had been broken open. I took one and weighed it and
found that there had been stolen over three pounds by actual weight. I showed it to the
agent and he reported it to the superintendent of the company, and that is the last I have
heard about it. There was from 20 to 30 cents' worth on each shipment taken from
this poor woman's hard earnings which would in two or three weeks amount to several
dollars and she had no means of redress. If there had been that amount taken from a
money or from any other package of value there would have been an investigation and
restitution, and the guilty parties punished. Why should not property in fruit be
respected as well as in any other commodity 1 I trust there will be a committee
appointed to look into and remedy this evil.
While we congratulate ourselves upon the achievements of the past we must not
forget the duties of the present. There are many evils to remedy, wrongs to be righted,
fMTors to be corrected, in the horticultural line as well as in others, and while we have
made advancement in the past we must not forget that we are far from what we ought
to be considering our advantages. There is not a country in the civilised world that has
a better soil and climate for growing apples, pears, plums, cherries and many varieties of
grapes in perfection than we have, to say nothing of small fruits, yet there is not one
farmer in ten, take Ontario through, that grows half of these fruits required for his own
use even. I have travelled through some of the best fruit sections of the province during
the past year, been upon the farms of some of our most prosperous farmers and enjoyed
the hospitality of their homes, and I was surprised at their want . horticultural taste
and knowledge. Even where every other surrounding was all that could be desired, as
good buildings and fences, good horses and catth;, good roots and grain, well tilled fields,
yet when you looked tor the orchard, the fruit or th«! flower garden or the lawn, they
were either wanting or in a very neglected condition ; and while their tables were well
8up|ilied with the HubBtintial and luxuries of other kinds, there was ;i noticeable absence
xii.
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (Ko. 12). A. 1891
of what, to me, is an indispensable diet — fruit. I may be wrong in my ideas about food
but I have often thought that if farmers would eat less fat pork and more fruit they
would be healthier and happier if not better looking than they are. This would certainly
be the case if there is truth in the adage that " like begets like." But about the heaith-
fulness of fruit, there can be no doubt about the elevating influence of horticultural pur-
suits, and I believe it to be the duty of every member of this Association to do all he can
to interest and instruct his neighbors in these pursuits both by precept and example.
Show them your own well-kept grounds stocked with the best trees, shrubs and plants
that your means will afford, give them a taste of your best fruits, ask them to attend our
meetings, show them The Canadian Horticulturist and annual report, and persuade them
to become members of our Association. I believe if our farmers could be induced to
take more interest in these things, and surround their homes with these attractions, we
should hear less complaints about their sons and daughters leaving the farm to engage in
other pursuits. Perhaps I am taxing your patience, still I would like to say a word in
regard to varieties of fruits and their improvement.
If we look over the thirty years of the past we can recollect a great many varieties,
particularly of grapes and small fruits, that have been introduced to us with a " great
flourish of trumpets" by their friends or persons interested in the sale of the plants,
which have been received and cared for at great expense, and we have found that a ma-
jority of them, like some of the human species, have not improved on acquaintance, and
we have been obliged to discard them, while a comparative few have come to stay, and
are_^an improvement on the older varieties. These have amply repaid us for the time
and money bestowed upon them, still we can but feel that this continual testing of new
varieties is a constant strain upon our time and purse, and as testing new fruits is a work
that benefits the whole country I do not see why our government should not assist us in
this work. But it may be said by some that we have agricultural and experimental
farms already for doing this work, at Guelph and Ottawa. I would ask what can be
done at either of these places in testing tender varieties of apples, pears, plums or
cherries, much less grapes, peaches, apricots, nectrines, etc. 1 I know that Professor
Saunders and his staft are doing a great work in bringing out varieties adapted to the
colder parts of the province, and his experiments in hybridizing strawberries, raspberries,
gooseberries, currants, etc., will undoubtedly be of great benefit to us here. I had the
pleasure, during the raspberry season, of visiting the experimental farm at Ottawa and
seeing some of the marvellous results of his labors and testing. Of the hundreds of
varieties of this delicious fruit which he has produced by hybridizing and the careful
selection of varieties, and I have no hesitation in saying that many will prove superior
in many respects to anything that we now have in cultivation, and I think the same will
prove true in many other of his fruits. I sincerely believe that the results he has already
achieved will more than pay the country for all the expenses incurred in the horticultural
department of the experimental farm, and his work has but just began. I believe if we
had an experimental gi'ound carefully conducted somewhere in Southern Ontario, where
our tender fruit trees, shrubs and plants could be grown and tested, and where only
varieties that were worthy of cultivation would be recommended, it would be a great
xiii.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 1*2). A. 1891
boon to the country, and in 30 years more we would make jniuch more rapid advances in
tbe improvement of varieties than we have in the past. I hope that a committee will be
appointed by this Association to interview the Government upon this subject.
It gives me much pleasure to meet my co-laborers here in the city of Hamilton
a^ain, and although I do not see many faces that I met here thirty years ago, it reminds
me of them and of the many pleasant meetings we have had here. It reminds me too
that many of them have passed away. Only a few of the original founders of this
society are left ; their places have been tilled by other workers, and some of them have
been called also. During the past year we have lost one from our board of Directors
whose genial, kindly face will be missed by all ; ever active in the discharge of duty,
cheerful, jovial and true as a friend, the name of John Croil will ever be revered by the
members of this Association. We have sustained another yreat loss in the death of Wm.
H. Mills of this city. It was largely through his efforts that we became incorporated
and received the Government grant, and although since his retirement from office he has
not taken an active part in our meetings, he has had a deep interest in our success, labors
and welfare as evinced in his generous donation of his entire stock of his hybrid grape,
the Mills, which will be distributed to the members of the Association next spring. Not
only this Association but the horticultural world has met with a'great loss in the death
of Charles Gibb, of Abbotsford, Quebec, whose whole life was devoted to this 'pursuit, and
whose labors and researches have done more to secure fruits adapted to the colder parts
of our country than those of any other man. Another prominent horticulturist across
the line, to whom we are much indebted and whom many of us knew, and whom to know
was to respect and love, and who has done as much probably for this cause as any man
in the United States, has gone. I refer to Patrick Barry af Rochester, X.Y., who has
long been the honored president of the Western New York Horticultural Society. We
mourn with them his loss. Thus one after another of our workers pass away, but the
fruits of their labors live after them — more enduring monuments than those of marble
or granite — to perpetuate their memory. May their mantle fall on us, and when our
work here is finished may those who are left behind point to some rich results of our
labors.
On motion it was resolved that this Association hereby express its appreciation of
the excellent address just given by the President, and refer the points touched upon to
the consideration of a committee hereafter to be appointed.
COMMITTEES.
A nominating comuiittee was appointed to nominate tlie officers for the coming year,
conhisting of MfssrH. M. Pettit and I). Nichol appointed by the chair, and Messrs. P. C.
Dempsey, W. E. Wellinglon and J. K. Leslie appointed by th(^ niceting. This com-
mittee reported as follows : —
Prctt'Unl — -]. A. Morton. VicfPrrtidrnl— A.. H. I'ettit. Dirrclars \, W. S. Twnmr ; 2, .lohii Craitf ;
•\ \) Nichol ; 4, I'. C. Dpiripney ; U, TIioh. licall ; ti, W. K. Wcllinxton ; 7, M. Pettit: «, A. M. Smith ;
•.)' J. K. .Mc.Niichael : 10, A. McD Allan; 11, T. H. Race ; 12, N. J. (Minton ; 1.'5, (1. C. CaHtoii. Amtilors -
j'^g_ Goldie and .J. M. I^cnton. After tlicHe nameH liad been votfl iipnn neri<ilim tin- reiw)rt was aili)i>t<'(i.
xiv.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
At a meeting of the directors held subsequent to the election, L. Woolverton, of
Grimsby, was re-appointed secretary-treasurer and editor of the Canadian Horticulturist.
The following committees were appointed by the chair, viz :
Fruit Exhibit. — A. McD Allan, John Craig and A. Alexander. Legislation. —T. Beall, P. E. Bucke
and G. C. Gaston. Nciv Fruits. — W. E. Wellington, M. Pettit and A. M. Smith. _ Special.— F. C.
Dempsey, Jas. Goldie and the secretary.
Communications were read from Prof. Saunders, regretting that he could not arrange
to be present, from the Hon. J. M. Gibson and the Minister of Agriculture and others
expressing their intention of being j)resent.
The Secretary stated that he had received a letter also from the Department of
Agriculture, to the effect that it was the intention of the department to bind in cloth a
sufficient number of copies of the report to supply all actual members of the association,
This statement was received with great satisfaction.
KEPORT ON NEW FRUITS.
The following paper on new fruits, that have been brought under his notice, was
read by the Secretary :
It will be gratifying to the board of directors, and others interested, to know that
some work is being done each year by our association in recording the origination of new
and promising varieties of Canadian fruits, as well as in testing the suitability of highly
commended varieties of foreign origin.
In apples particularly, there have been quite a number of very promising varieties
sent in to me for my opinion, some of which I have forwarded on to the other members
of the Committee, and others I have noticed in the Canadian Horticidturist without
that precaution. I will now give you a list of these, in order that a record of them may
be kept in our report, pending farther test of their merits.
Wilson's Seedling. — A magnificent fall apple of very larije size and fine color
found growing by the kitchen Joor in Mr. B. Willson's yard in Wingham, and sent in
by Mr. J. A, Morton. The tree grows vigorously, and has a rather compact, bushy
head.
Description. — Size, very large ; form, conical ; skin, yellowish, spattered and shaded
with very bright red on the sunny side ; stem, set in a moderately deep, even basin •
Hesh, yellowish white, somewhat inclined to water core, tender and of a pleasant flavor.
A good cooking apple. Season, October.
The Haliburton. — This apple was sent me by Messrs. Cavers Bros., of Gait, for
an opinion. It appears to be a local apple grown for some years in the township of
Haliburton, under that name, and possesses sufficient beauty of appearance to merit
notice. The description of the apple given below was prepared by Prof. Saunders.
Grown north of Peterboro', size medium or under, 2| x 2|^, form oblate color pale
yellow, nearly obscured on the side exposed to the sun by carmine red, marked with
splashes and streaks of a deeper hue. Stalk short and moderately stout, set in a small
but rather deep cavity, calyx open with a very shallow smooth basin. Flesh fine ^rained
creamy white and more or less tinged with pink, rather soft in texture, austere and with
an acid taste, with very little flavor, a pretty apple, but of poor quality. Ripe latter end
of September.
Green Fameuse. — An apple sent me by Mr. R. W. Shepherd, jr.. of Montreal. He
says the original tree is some twenty-five years of age, and is growing on his farm at
Oomo. The fruit is larger than the Fameuse proper, and he describes it as being a heavy
bearer, and very little, if, any given to spotting. In other respects it seems to have ail
the qualities of the Fameuse as generally known, with the exception of color. This
seems to be its chief lack to make it very desirable.
XV.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 1-).
A. 1^91
Rkn'aud-s Seedling. — A winter apple of great promise, sent in by Mr. llobeit
Hamilton, of Grrenville, P.Q. It is a chance seedling, found growing on the farm of
j\[rs. lienaud, Grenville, and is now about eighteen or twenty years old, a fact which
points out its undeniable hardiness, for Grenville is about north latitude 45^^, on a line
with the Parry Sound district. We have for this latitude plenty of good fall apples,
but a real tirst-class winter apple is the disideratum. Possibly in this seedling the want
may be supplied. ihe apple appeared to me to possess four important points of excel-
lence, viz : — size, beauty, productiveness and hardiness. 1 have therefore made -i draw-
ing of a section of it to give some idea of its exact size and shape.
Skc'TION of Renaud's Skkdling.
Description. — Size, large ; form, roundish, with three or four more or less prominent
ribs ; skin, green, almost completely striped and splashed with bright red ; stem, medium,
in a small snug cavity ; calyx closed, in a smooth regular basin of moderate size ; tlesh
creamy white, tirm, of a pleasant vinous tlavor ; quality, good ; season, March to July.
McMillan's Seedling. — This apple, sent me by Mr. J. P. Cockburn, Gravenhiirst,
originated in the county of Stormont, latitude nearly -IG, and is the product of a seedling
tree twenty years planted. It evidently has the merit of hardiness, and it is for a list of
hardy apples that we can commend that we are at present looking. It is a line looking
fall apple, and would be an ornament to any table for the dessert dish. One great point
iu its favor, for these days, is that it does not appear to have the least tendency to spot,
a <'rievou3 fault with u/any of our otherwise excellent dessert apples.
JJetfCiijdion. — Size, medium ; form, oblong ; skin, y(;llowish white, almost completely
blotched and dashed with bright red, much deeper on the sunny side ; stem, slender, three-
quarters of an inch in lengih, set in a deep, narrow cavity ; calyx closed in a very small
wrinkled basin ; core Oj)en and seeds free; fhsh, white ting(!d with pink, prominently
marked toward the apex, tender, mellow, tine graiiu-d, not very juicy, with a good Uavor,
soiu'-what of the Faineuse character ; season, October. Promising.
Thi£ Goldkn White. —I have received from R. Brodit;, Montreal, two fine samples
of the Golden White, one of the most promising Uussian apples. It compares favoral)ly
in Vjeauty with the Oucliess of 01denl>urgh, ripens later in the season, about the first of
October, is rather large in size and would sell at top prices in our markets. Surely if our
friends in the northern sections can grow such apples as Yellow Transparent, JJuch ss
of Oldenburgh, (Jolden White, La line, Wi-althy and Renaud's Seedling they have as
good pnjbpects for success in a)ip!(' itulttire as we who liv(r in more favored sections.
XVL
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Professor Saunders, director of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, describes this apple as
follows: — Golden White, from Montreal, said to be of Enssian origin. Size large, 3| x
3^, form nearly round, unevenly ribbed, color reddish yellow out almost concealed by pale
red with numerous splashes and streaks of deeper red in which are many pale dots, stalks
short and fairly robust, cavity small but deep, calyx of medium size, partly open in a
i-ather strongly ribbed basin ; highly perfumed ; fresh creamy white with a slight tinge
of pink, rather soft and a little coarse in the grain, crisp and moderately juicy, mildly
acid and highly flavored ; quality good ; core of medium size. A pleasant apple to eat
and would no doubt cook well. Ripe latter end of September.
Henderson's Seedling. — Mr. G. G. Henderson, of Hamilton, sent in to me a very
pretty apple, which he says is a splendid keeper. It certainly is an apple possessed of
excellent flavor and if it averages on the tree anything like the sample sent in to me it
is worthy of a place among our winter dessert apples. I have drawn a section of it to
accompany this paper.
Section op Henderson's Seedling.
Description, — Size medium, form oblate, regular, except that it is obscurely ribbed
skin a beautiful creamy white, ground striped and splashed with pink, shading into a deep
red on the sunny half ; calyx closed, setina medium sized, somewhat rugged basin ; stem
very short, in a broad shallow cavity; flesh snow white, tender, juicy, with delicate aromatic
flavor ; quality very good. A winter apple, exact season not determined. A sample of
this apple shown at our winter meeting was much inferior to the one first sent me
from which the above description was prepared.
Russian Apple Beresinskob. — Distributed in 1885. Mr. F. W. Coate,. of Cape
Elizabeth, Rosseau, sent me this apple saying with the following note: — "In 1885 I
selected from the Fruit Growers' Associations's list of premium plants a Russian apple
tree, Beresinskoe. I received and planted the little tree on the 13th May. This year it
has borne for the first time 17 apples. I send you by mail six of them that you may
judge if the beauty and quality of the fruit is worth notice in The HorticAilticrist. This
apple is described by Prof. Saunders as follows : — Beresinskoe (?) probably Berezinskoe:=
Beresina. Size medium, 2| x 2^, form nearly oblong, color pale greenish yellow, with a
bright red shading on tha part exposed to the sun, and a few dots and streaks of deeper
red. Stem long and rather slender and set in a moderately deep cavity, calyx nearly
closed, in a shallow, strongly ribbed basin. Flesh yellowish white, more or less water-
cored, of moderately fine texture, a mild, nearly sweet character, with an agreeable but
2* (f.G.) xvii.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
not high flavor. Oore large. The specimens are too ripe to admit of accurate judgment
as to quality, bat it would probably be entitled to rank as good. A pretty apple, would
make a nice dessert fruit and would probably cook well.
Clark's September Cherry. — Mr. E. D. Arnaud, of Annapolis, N. S., sent me a
box containing some samples of this singular cherry in excellent condition, considering
their long jouniey. There is but a single tree and it is growing at Lower Granville, near
Annapolis. The fruit is about the size and shape of the Kentish and when fully ripe of
a dark red color. The flesh is Arm and of a sweet and very agreeable flavor. It might
be a very valuable shipping cherry.
The William's Strawberry. — In small fruits there is little to report. One
strawberry of considerable apparent merit has come to the front under the name of the
Williams. Samples of this berry were sent me by Mr. David Grey, of Canesville, and
after vvards some were shown at our meeting at Niagara by Mr. Lee, of Virgil. It was
raised by a Mr. Williams, of Burford and among strawberry growers in Brant county it
has by all accounts become very popular. It is said to have been raised from the Crescent
seedling, fertilized with Sharpless. It is said to be an enormous bearer of vei'y large
berries which must be allowed to ripen well before gathering or it will show some traces
of the white tips of its male parent. Compared with Sharpless it is claimed that it will
bear four times as heavily ; it is also stated by Brantford growers that the berries are as
large as those of the Jessie, and that the plant is much hardier. Certainly from the
samples sent me and those shown at our meeting this berry has considerable merit, and,
in order that it may be further tested it has been placed on our list for distribution in the
spring of 1891.
Sutherland's Seedling Gooseberry. — Samples of this" gooseberry were sent me by
the originator, Mr. George Sutherland, of Meaford. It is a seedling probably of the
Downin". It has borne four crops and so far has proved itself to be an enormous cropper
and free from any sign of mildew. The bush is a strong, upright grower and the berries
are large and light green in color. I was not very favorably impressed with its quality,
still it might be a profitable berry to grow for market where fruits so often sell more by
appearance than by quality.
Our Russian Importation. — Not the least important of our labors during the past
year in the introduction of promising new fruits is our Russian excliange. Through our
Russian friend and correspondent Mr. Jaroslav Niemetz, of Rovno, Wolinia, Russia, who,
I may add, has himself become a member of our association, I have succeeded in obtain-
in" a large box of scions of the best varieties of Prussian aiiples, pears, apricots, etc. In
order that we may make an independent test of their value the greater part of these
importations I have placed in charge of the Central Experiment Farm for propagation
and testing on condition of our receiving a reasonable share for distribution.
I am just in receipt of a communication from Mr. John Craig, horticulturist of that
farm in which he gives a full list of the varieties I have sent him and the uuml)er of
grafts of each kind he has succeeded in raising. I subjoin this list in full from which it
will be seen that tliere are some three hundred and sixty young apple trees growing, sixty
eight pear and fifteen plum trees.
• Among the apples Mr. Niemetz has especially called our attention in the CatunUan
Horticulturist to the Antonovkas and the Syiiap.s. He also sends an apricot which he
re"ards as the most hardy that is known in Itusaia. It is called the Aiijustin's apricot
ami has be* n fully treated of in our journal, where he shows that more hardiness may be
expected to characterize it than does the Russian varieties that were brought over by the
Mennouites. There were also a lot of 50 small cherry tnjes of a variety called Koslov
MoreUo, which have also been described in i>ur journal. Forty of the.se also have been
pasat^dovor to the Central Experimental Farm for propagation and testing. Should they
prove valiiablo for nortliern Ontario steps will l)e taken to .secure a sullicient Jiumber in
the courMJ of time for distribution to our members.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
List of one year old grafts from scions imported from Russia by the Fruit Growers'
Association of Ontario, spring of 1890 and propagated bj Mr. John Oraig, of the Goutral
Experimental farm, Ottawa. —
Stone AatonoTka Gov't Tchernigov 3a
Koslov ■ 1
White " " 7
AntonoTka Grell 2
" Ansjustin 10
" ISA 4
" 15B ;;; »
Aport Solovieff , . 7
• " Grell .'*' 20
Arkad " 55
" Soloviefi 17
Bieloi nalir Grell , ' " ' . 25
'■ " Solovieff [ 21
Naliv Ansjustin ' ' ' 10
Korobov Solovieff Ig
Skrisch apple Grell 14
Miron " ' 17
Skrut " 18
Lebedka ' ' 62
Koritchnevoe gg
Miron Solovieff " 43
Gul pembe Niemet* 20
Golden Stone " 25
Borodovka " I3
Dvinnop Solovieff 23
Putim 37 B gov't of Tchernigov * 12
" 3(5 A " " '.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 6
Putim Koslov [[[\ 2
Lapouche " ] 15
Pana Niemetz. ... [ 3
Paperovka' H
Russian Tyrol 3q
Stekhanka I3
Zolotoreff 12
Chelibi Niemeta ' " ' 15
Sommitelnoe Grell 45
Plodovitka Koslov 95
Plodovitka , Solovieff [\[ I9
Anis Grell '.. 0
Naliv Ansjustin 10
Gruschevka Solovieff [ . ' * ig
Kara— Synap A Niemetz 32
Kara — Synap B " ' ' 63
Sari — Synap " ' 92
Skrosnina Grell ] y
Sklanka 24
Vargulek 3
Plikanoff gj
Titovka Koslov 99
Titovka Solovieff 9
Without name " 19
Name lost ' ' (j
Gremuck Niemets I7
Borovinka g
JPeur. — Ukraine Bergamotte g
Hamburg " and Ogust excell (mixed) \ q
Krasorka ; . . . . : a
Ilinka _ 1
Gleck ' 23
Salviate Ansjustin 24
JPlitm. — Niemetz I5
REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE.
The following report was handed in by the Special Committee :
Whereas, during the past year, the horticultural interests of our country have sustained a seriouH Iosh
in the de.i.th of three prominent Canadian horticulturists, namely, Mr. Charles (Jibb, of Abbotsford, Que.
a scientific student and experimenter, vylio by his travels and researclies has already very much enriclied
our Canadian literature and whose death in tlie prime of life occurred at Caiio, in Egypt l:i*it Slardi •
Mr. W. H. Mills of Hamilton, a former president of our Association, whose labors^ as a hybridist, have
xix.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
rendered his name ^^'idely known ; and Mr. .Tohn Croil, of Aultsvil e, who has been a true and faithful
^Irpr-^y^nfmirTssociation for many years; also of one of the leading American horticultunsts, Mr. P.
larrTofR^he^ter p S New York Horticultural Society. He has been long a
mer^ber of^r Associilion and has ever shown himself ready to give us the beneht of his extended know-
ledge of pomology. , . . • r ^ ^ ■ j • »«
Therefore resolved that we, the members of the Fruit Growey-s' AHs,,c.ation of Ontario, desire to
record the S esteem in which these gentlemen have been held by us, the deep and unfeigned sorrow
SwS we received the sad news of their removal from our midst and the great disappointment with
which we regard the loss which our favorite industry has thereby sustained.
XX
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
THE WINTER MEETING.
The Winter Meeting was held in the Music Hall, Windsor, on Wednesday and Thurs-
day, December 11th and 12th, 1889.
The President, A. M. Smith, Esq., took the chair at 2 p.m., and opened the meet
ing by a few remarks expressive of his pleasure at seeing such a large audience, and
especially at seeing among them a number of friends from the American side, among
whom he noticed with much satisfaction President Lyon, of the Michigan Horticultural
Society.
THE ONTARIO FRUIT LIST.
There being no questions awaiting answers, the discussion of the Ontario Fruit List,
presented by a Committee of the Association was proceeded with.*
Mr. Bball (representing the Committee). — The Fruit List which is about to be
discussed is a matter that has been under consideration to some extent for a number of
years, but it is only of late that it has assumed a practical form. The Committee has
been at a great deal of pains in getting at the matter, and have spent much time upon
it, but up to the present they have only succeeded in classifying apples alone, so that
the report this Committee proposes presenting may be looked upon as a report of
progress rather than a full report. It is hardly to be expected that the list we are
about to present will meet with the approval of everyone, as great difierences of opinion
exist in regard to the relative value of apples for different purposes, but those present
will have an opportunity of making changes if desired. We have done away with many
of the old style headings. We have only four, the first of which is the season, in regard
to which there has been in the past great difference of opinion. The second heading is
the quality of the apple, which is subdivided into dessert and cooking, which we believe
will embody all that is necessary to be known respecting the quality' of an apple. The
•other two headings are value for home market and value for foreign market. I do not
think it is necessary for me to read over the whole list, but as it is arranged alphabeti-
cally I will take the first, the Alexander apple. You will understand that the numeri-
cal values, which range from 0 to 10, are under four heads, dessert, cooking, home
market and foreign market. We consider the Alexander wholly worthless as a dessert
apple, so that if it were exhibited with a lot of fruit for dessert purposes it would count
0. For cooking purposes we have rated it at 9. For the home market we call it 9. It
is the business of this Association to endeavor to show which is the most profitable for
*For the Repori see Appendix, pp. 82-6.
1 (F.G.)
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
a man to grow. Now, here is one of the lowest, the Cornish Gilly-flower. The Gilly-
flower for dessert purposes is rated 1. If it were put in as a dessert apple it would be
worth more than the Alexander, but for cooking purposes it is worth 0, for. the home
market 1, and for the foreign market 2 ; so its total value is only 4. If we take the Nor-
thern Spy we give it 10 under each head ; so it would be worth 40. You would need
to have a great many apples on the table of the Cornish Gilly-flower's qualities to compete
with one only of the Northern Spy.
KING OF TOMPKINS COUNTY.
Mr. Wilkinson. — How have you rated the King of Tompkins County ?
Mr. Beall. — The rating is under the four headings respectively, 8, 8, 10 and 10.
The Secretaky. — I should be almost inclined to place that at 10 for cooking ; it is
one of the best.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I have always thought the King of Tompkins County one of the
best that could be raised.
Mr. Dempsey. — Some feel like putting it at 10 for dessert. For my part I think 8
is high enough ; when you compare the King of Tompkins with the Pomme Grise or
Cox's Orange Pippin the King of Tompkins is very imperfect, and if you are going to
give it 10 for cooking purposes I think it should be reduced in some other way, so that
it will not count any more in the aggregate than it does now.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I think the King of Tompkins is rather inferior as a dessert
apple.
The Secretary. — I move that the King of Tompkins be raised to 1 0 for cooking
purposes.
The President. — It is moved and seconded that the King of Tompkins be raised
to 10 for cooking purposes. Carried.
Mr. Dempsey. — I move that the King of Tompkins County be given 6 as a dessert
apple. A perfect apple in every particular will only receive 40 points, and as it is left
at present the King of Tompkins gets 38 points, and it is not worthy of it. We should
reduce it as a dessert apple as much as we have raised it for cooking purposes.
The Secretary.— I agree with Mr. Dempsey : it is too high for a dessert apple
at 8.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — We considered in making this list what was the popular
opinion, to some extent. We know that the King of Tompkins County in a strict
ruling is not a dessert apple, Vmt I have some doubt whether the time has yet come
wlien we should fix the rating by the strictest rules. We have followed the popular
sentiment to some extent, and hence we have given this ai)ple a rating higher than we
could in strictness.
Mr, Elliott. — I raise a good many King of Tompkins, b>it I know most of my
boys when they go down the cellar for an apple bring up a Northern Spy. Now, the
Northern Spy is only good as a dessert apple for a certain season of the year, whereas
the King of Tomjikins is good as soon as it is ripe.
Prof. SAUNr;EUS. — I am enough of a boy myself to prefer the King of Tompkins to
almost any otlier apple, and I hardly like to see it put as low as G for dessert ])urj)08es ;
I would rather take off somewhere else. I believe something should bo taken of] on
account of its tendency to blow off the trees in stormy weather, but I do not like the
idea of taking that much ott it as a dessert apple because it would show unfairly when
compared with other api)l('s of perhaps inferior quality from your standpoint. I think
the King of Tompkins County is one of the best apples that one can get to eat — one
2
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
of the highest flavors. I do not object to it on account of its size, for if I cannot eat
the whole of one myself I have never any difficulty in finding some person who is quite
willing to take a share in it.
The Secretary. — It seems to me that a good way of getting rid of this difficulty
would be to have a column for productiveness, and in that way we would put the King
of Tompkins down 3 or 4, and out of 50, which would be the maxim, it would have
only 40 or 42.
Several Members. — That is a good suggestion.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I suppose the idea of this list is to guide those who wish to plant-
out an orchard, that they can refer to it and pick out those that have the highest value
attached.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — That is not the idea of this list ; there is a separate list for
that. In this list we have the particulars that judges at exhibitions want. The diffi-
culty in having a column for productiveness is this, that a great many of these apples
are local, and while an apple might be very productive in one neighborhood under a
certain set of circumstances, in another and under different conditions it might not be
productive at all.
A Member. — I do not think we need be afraid to let the King of Tompkins stand
at 40.
Mr. Rice. — It has no rival ; I do not think there is any danger in letting it stand
10 all through.
Mr. Dempsey. — What is the object of our trying to produce new fruits if we have
already arrived at perfection.
The President. — The question is before you ; shall we reduce the King of Tomp-
kins Couuty to 6 points as a dessert apple 1 Lost.
THE NOKTHERN SPY.
The Presidnet. — The Northern Spy is now before your consideration.
Mr. Beall. — The Committee thought it better to put the Northern Spy at four lOs,
Prof. Saunders, — I would move that it be not ranked higher than the King of
Tompkins County.
The Secretary. — I second that ; it is inclined to spot sometimes in localities, and
to be imperfect.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I think it is rated too high as a cooking apple ; it is very insipid.
Mr. Wilson (Chatham). — It is not a good enough keeper to rank as high as 10.
Mr. Allan. — There are several points you are forgetting. The list is constructed
upon the understanding that we have perfect specimens ; and for the purpose of aiding
judges when it is expected that perfect specimens are found on the exhibition table. In
regard to a perfect Northern Spy, I am willing to stand by the rating given. I know
that, even for the home market, the Northern Spy, for its own season, still stands at
the top of the list, and in the foreign market it will do so every time. Of course we
find many of them spotted, but that does not touch the question at all ; we do not want
these spotted apples, but perfect fruit in every instance.
The President. — The question is whether we shall reduce it, as has been moved
and seconded. Lost.
The Secretary. — I am inclined to attack it on another point, that is for the foreign
market. It is placed as high as the King, and certainly the King sells for higher prices
in the foreign market than the Northern Spy.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — There, again, as far as the market is concerned, the stand-
ard is taken on the apple itself You will make more out of the Northern Spy than
the King ; its productiveness does it. You will make more out of a perfect crop of
Northern Spies than out of a perfect crop of Kings. I think you will make more out of
the Baldwin than the King, but it does not rank with the King.
Mr. Elliott. — If a man who is a grandfather plants the Northern Spy in our part
of the country his boys may get some of the fruit, but I have had some that have be»n
planted thirteen years, and I have never got a crop yet.
3
54: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. Rice. — My friend here (Mr. Allan) says he can sell Baldwins quicker than tho
King. I had a hundred Baldwins in a tine location and 1 have not yet got a good
xirop.
The President. — This apple has been passed upon, let us take something else.
THE GREENING AND LOUISE.
A Member. — Let us have the Greeninsj.
Mt. Beall. — We have rated that at 8 for dessert, 10 for cooking, 8 for home market
And 8 for foreign market.
A Member. — What About the Princess Louise 1
Mr. Beall. — We have it 8 for dessert, 7 for cooking, 7 for home market, 8 for
foreign market.
The Secretary. — I do not think it is ranked high enough as a dessert apple, neither
is it ranked highly enough as a market apple for the home market, for at Christmas time
it takes on such a beautiful color that I think perfect samples should stand higher than
the tigure given. I think it should be 10 for dessert purposes.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — The trouble is the Princess Louise is a new variety, not
usually cultivated, and I have always gone on the principle of being very suspicious of
anvthing new. 1 prefer to see it tested thoroughly tirst. I have a very high opinion
of the Princess Louise, but upon that generiil principle I purposely rated it lower than
I would otherwise have done on account of its newness, and its not being suthciently
tested.
The President. — As it is an apple not very generally known I think it is best to
leave it alone.
THE GOLDEN RUSSET.
The President. — A member calls for the Golden Russet.
President Lyon. — Which Golden Russet 1 Is it the English Golden Russet ?
The ^Iember. — I mean the English Golden Russet. I claim there is an English
and an American Golden Russet, The American is a deeper Russet and a larger apple,
find never gets the beautiful yellow color the English variety gets.
Mr. Dempsey. — I think we know a little about Russet apples, and I may say 1
have never seen an American Ru.sset yet. What is called the American Golden Russet
was originated in England by Dr. Hogg, and he called it the Russett ; there is some
other name he had for it, which does not matter however. There are more than twenty
varieties of the English Russet and twenty sizes.
President Lyon. — There is no such thing as the English Golden Russet described.
The Golden Russet of western New York is the English Golden Russet, but the book
does not recognise it as entitled io the name English, though there is an American
Golden Russet entirely distinct from it. The tree is an upright grower, and very
unprofitable; here it is sometimes called the Sheep-nose. It is quite distinct from the
apple we have been talking about, and I think it is very desirable we should thoroughly
understand these things and understand each other.
Mr. Beall. — We rnay as well proceed to the question. Someone has asked the
rating of the Golden Russet. The a{)ple in question is tho one that Downing simply
calls the Golden Rusfiet, but supposed to be of English origin ; we have no authority
from Downing that it actually is, but he says it is supposed to be. Wo have it down at
7 for dessert, 8 for cooking, 7 for home market and 1) for foreign market, [liating not
object«id to.]
THE STARK.
Mr. Bkall. — 1 \\mit lo say there are three apples hero that we liavo not on tlie list
(referring to exhibit of apples). Wo havo plenty of room, and shall bo glad to put on
any apple you may name, provided you give us the ratings hero. Someone has inen-
tion*;d the Stark ; we will insert that if he will give us its proper rating.
4
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. Wilson. — I called for the Stark ; I found it here on the fruit table and I think
it is remarkably good. It is spoken highly of by those who grow it, but beyond that I
do not know anything about it.
Mr. Clifford. — i have raised the Stark from nursery stock. The trees are bearing^
well, and it is fully as early as the Greening in this country, or the Baldwin, and a little
larger than the latter apple. One man put out an orchard from my nursery a few years
ago, and he told me this fall that the packers put up five and a half barrels from one
tree, and the tree had been out eleven years. The apples are not first class quality^
being a little thick in the skin, but they bear handling and shipping well. They are not
as high colored as the Baldwin. The tree is very thrifty to grow in the nursery. I
would not rate it as a first rate dessert apple, and it is hardly sharp enough to bo a
really good cooking apple. For its keeping qualities and prolificness I think it would
rate high.
Mr. Beall. — Can you give us any authority that this is the true name of the apple,
Mr. Clifford. — Only that it is mentioned in all nurserymen's catalogues as the
Stark. I think it was originated in central New York.
President Lyon. — The Stark apple originated in Ohio. It will be found described
in the list of the Ohio Pomological Society, in their report. It ranks quite low, except-
as to its keeping qualities for the market.
Mr. Beall. — What would you consider is the proper season of the apple.
Mr. Lyon. — It is a winter apple.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — My recollection of the Stark is that it was particularly
coarse — a heavy, coarse grained apple, and almost flavorless.
Mr. Clifford. — What time did you test it.
Mr. Allan. — In the fall.
Mr. Clifford. — About the Ist of April is the time it becomes eatable.
THE FAMEUSE.
The President. — The Snow apple is called for.
Mr. Beall. — That i.s one of the disputed apples — its season is disputed. We have-
rated it as an autumn apple. Por dessert we have marked it 8 with a good many qualms-
of conscience, for cooking 2, for home market 9, and for foreign market 8.
A Member. — I think the rating for cooking is altogether too low ; it melts right
down with a little sugar.
Mr. 0 ASTON. — I agree with that ; I think there is only one better cooker than the
Snow, and that is the I)uchess.
Mr. Wilson. — I move that it be raised to 9 points as a dessert apple.
Mr. Wilkinson. — As a dessert apple I think it has no superior. As a cooker it is
a little inferior, but for dessert purposes I think it is entitled to the maximum rating.
Mr. Beall. — We do not recognize the name Snow at all : we call it the Fameuse.
Mr. Wilkinson. — Of course I referred to the Fameuse though I said the Snow.
The President. — It is moved that the Fameuse be raised one point as a dessert
apple. Carried.
Prof. Saunders. — I move that it be raised five points as a cooking apple. Carried.
THE MANN AND SPITZENBERG.
A Member. — Give us the rating of the Mann apple ?
Mr. Beall. — 4 for dessert, 7 for cooking, 7 for home market and 8 for foreign-
market. Approved. ^ >'-:• ■>
A Member. — The Spitzenberg? , ~"
Mr. Beall. — 9 for dessert, 9 for cooking, 9 for home market and 10 for foreign
market.
Mr. Elliott. — For cooking I think it is rated too high, unless it is put in the oven
early in the morning and cooked all day ; then we might give it 10.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I suggest raising it for dessert to 10.
5
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. A. McD. Allax. — I have no objection to agreeing with Mr. Wilkinson. As to
its qualities as a dessert apple, it deserves to be hoisted up a point ; it is certainly a
magnificent dessert apple.
Prof. Saunders. — I think it should stand where it is. It is a tough apple to eat ;
it is not a favorite with people who have not good teeth, and they have to be con-
sidered.
The President. — That is generally the fault of the grower or the person using it.
When kept in a proper temperature it is all right ; but it must not be kept in too dry a
cellar or storage.
Mr. Dempsey. — The Spitzenberg has been largely grown in our section, but I think
the last tree is now dead, and I for one am not sorry. I am surprised at any one sug-
o;estiug that it be raised for dessert purposes.
The President. — Well, shall we raise it one point as a dessert apple 1 Lost.
SHIAWASSEE BEAUTY.
A Member. — Let us hear the rating of the Shiawassee Beauty 1
Mr. Beall. — We have rated it -i for dessert, G for cooking, C for home market and
■9 for foreign market.
Prof. Saunders. — I think that is too low for dessert. I move it be raised one point
as a dessert apple. Carried.
The President. — We are asked for the rating of the Yellow Transparent.
Mr. Beall. — For dessert 5, for cooking 7, for home market 4 and for foreign
market 0.
Mr. Mitchell (Leamington). — I have had it three or four seasons. It is a splendid
bearer and as a dessert apple cannot be beaten ; I would rank it higher than the Early
Harve.st. It does not spot, and is very even in size.
Mr. Wilson (Chatham). — People have been misled as to the time of its ripening. I
find throughout the country that it does not ripen nearly so early as is represented, and
t is not a very early apple at all.
Mr. Mitchell (Leamington). — It will stay much longer on the tree than any other.
The Secretary. — How soon can you use it ?
Mr. Mitchell. — Much the same as the Early Harvest, perhaps a few days later,
but it gets better in quality as it remains on the tree. So far as I am acquainted with
it it is superior to the Summer Harvest. It does not spot, and it is very uniform in size.
The President. — It has been moved and seconded that this apple be raised to G for
dessert purposes ? Carried.
SALOME.
The President. — Can you give a rating for the Salome 1
Mr. Caston. — I think it is new in this Province.
President Lyon. — In 1881, at the meeting of the Mississippi Valley Society at New
•Jrleans, it was shown for the first time by a gentleman who originated it, or at least was
introducing it in westrn Illinois. It was specially hardy and very promising for that
reason, but only third or fourth rate in quality, and not particularly attractive either in
appearance or size. It is a little below medium size. I do not think it has taken very
strong hold upon the west. It does not reach into noithern Iowa or Wisconsin at all,
md i do not think that for Michigan or Ontario it would be well adapted.
Mr. WiLso.v. — I know it would not stand the northern climate at all.
GIUMES' GOLDEN.
Tho Pkesidrnt. — The rating for tJritne.s' (Jolden is called for.
Mr. Beall. — For dessert 9, for cooking 2, for home market 5, and for foreign
.fliarket 7.
6
54: Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Prof. Saunders. — I would like to see it raised a little for the home market as I
think it is om:5 of the finest apples for dessert. I move that it be raised at least one
point for the home market, and I shall be very glad if anyone will tell me just now
where I can get some.
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — I am willing to acquiesce in that, but it is difficult under
other than exceptional circumstances to get a demand for it. There is no demand for it
in the home or foreign marke*^. I have tried it both here, in Britain and in the States.
I got the best prices for it in New York, but it had been pretty well written up there at
the time. I afterwards shipped some there and got very little for them.
Mr. Dempsey. — It is an apple that looks so much like a young seedling in every
way that unless a pex-son knows it he will not buy ; but anyone who knows the apple will
pay the highest price for it as a dessert apple. I think we have no better, but for the
home market or foreign market it is certainly not sufficiently attractive to the eye.
Prof. Saunders. — I think that is a reason why the committee should adopt my sug-
.«[estiou ; it is our duty to show that we appreciate a really good apple, despite its ill
looks.
Mr. BucKE. — The reason it is so low is that its color is very much against it. You
cannot tell Grimes' Golden in a barrel until it gets ripe, and gets its color.
President Lyon. — It is one of those very rare varieties that grow down as far as
Virginia, and yet it seems to hold its full quality with us, and even farther north
than here.
Mr. Elliott. — Here it colors up nicely on the tree — it does with me — a rich, golden
yellow. I have shown it under two or three heads, and it has almost always taken
a prize.
RED CANADA.
A Member. — Give us the rating of Red Canada ?
Mr. Beall.— It is 2 for dessert, 6 for cooking, 7 for home market, and 8 for foreign
miarket.
Mr. Elliott. — It is superior to Ben Davis and I would recommend that it be raised
to 6 for a dessert apple. Motion carried.
President Lyon. — The Pied Canada often passes for a Baldwin, but among buyers it
is sometimes rated much higher as a dessert apple than as a culinary fruit. It is con-
siderably sought after, and sold in the same market for much higher prices than the
Baldwin, which is our next popular apple.
Mr. Wiglb (Kingsville). — We find it far ahead of the Baldwin.
Mr. Wilson. — I find the exporters are snapping at all the red apples they do not
know the name of, and any apple they do not know the name of and which is red in
oolor, they name "Canada Red." I do not think we can judge by the way it sells in the
auarket whether it is a good apple or not.
BEN DAVIS.
A Member. — What is the rating of Ben Davis 1
Mr. Beall. — 3 for dessert, 1 for cooking, 8 for home market and 9 for foreign
xnarket.
The Secretary. — 1 is enough for dessert, is it not 1
Mr. Wilson. — I move that Ben Davis be rated 0 for dessert, 1 for cooking, and 9
for foreign market.
Mr. Dempsey. — Anything that is worth growing at all is worth growing well, and
when we talk about the home market or the foreign market we mean. What is going to
give us the most money t Now, I can make more money out of one tree of Ben Davis
than I can off fifty trees of King of Tompkins County. We have a lot of trees of King
of Tompkins County twelve years planted, and we have never realised twelve barrels
off them, and we have got as much as twelve barrels off a single tree of Ben Davis.
When we look at the quotations in the English market we find that Ben Davis is sold as
.high as 32 shillings per barrel.
7
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12), A. 1891
Mr. Elliott. — No doubt Ben Davis sells well, but I think a man who charges hi&
neighbor tvro dollars for a barrel of thera robs him of ^1.75. It is a good apple for hotel
keepers : a barrel of Een Davis will last a first class liotel as a dessert apple about three
months, whereas a really good variety would not last a week. If you send a boy into the
cellar to gst an apple to eat he never brings up a Ben Davis, and if your wife goes down
for the purpose of putting you in a good liumor by making an apple dumpling she does-
not take Ben Davis.
Mr. A. ]McD. All.^n. — I quite agree with all that has been said. Although good
prices arfe now paid in England for Ben Davis, the consumers in England when
better acquainted with it will not pay the prices that have been realised for it ; it is going
to come down in value, and tliat, too, before very lonw The fact of the matter is that
they are seeing into the qualities of apples quicker in that market than are the consumers
in our own markets. The Baldwin, for instance, is coming down, and at the same time
the Rhode Island Greening is coming up to its proper place. Ben Davis is bound to
go down.
A Member. — I think it should be lowered for the home market. "We cast a
reflection upon the judgment of the consumers when we say this apple is worth only 1 for
dessert, 1 for cooking, and yet that it is worth 8 for the home market, the consumers of
this country. I think you must lower it for the home market.
^Ir. Allan. — Why should we, as long as the consumers are willing to pay the price T
Mr. Castox (Craighurst). — I think it ought to go up a point for cooking ; in our
section it is not as bad as some people here make it out to be.
The Secretary. — Do you flavor it with lemons 1 (Laughter).
Mr. Castox. — No, nothing but sugar.
No change made for home market ; motion carried.
BEST SELECTION OF APPLES FOE THE COUNTY OF ESSEX.
The President announced that Mr. Alansox Elliott, President of the South Epsex
Farmers' Institute, would read a paper on the subject of the best selection of apples for
the county of Essex — three summer, three fall, and six winter varieties.
Mr. Elliott. — There seems to be some misunderstanding ; I have no paper to read
on this subject, though in a meeting of this description I do like to do a little skirmishing.
You are now, gentlemen, in one of the most wonderful counties of the Dominion, and
anything that would not suit us here would surely not suit people in distant parts. I
would not form any judgment as to the three best summer apples, because I do not think
we have any good summer apple at all. Take the Early Harvest, for instance. It used
to bo a good apple, but it is now a failui-e ; it is very rarely you see a good specimen of
the Earl}' Harvest nowadays. Then as to the Ped Astrachan ; I have never bought any
of them myself, but judging by what I hear from those who have had experience with it,
it is not valuaVjle. As to the Duchess of Oldenburg, I tiike no stock in it. We have^
nf'ver had a market for summer apples. I do not know anything of the Urayenstein or
B'jnoni ; in fact I do not know anything aI)out summer or fall apples.
The President. — What about winter apples ?
]\Ir. Elliott. — I know the Baldwin is a good apple after our trees come into bearing,
and we can better ail'ord to raise the Baldwin for a dollar a barrel than we can the King
for two dollars a barrel. Then I put the Greening as another.
The I'l'.ESiDEST. — Wliat is the tliird ?
Mr. Elliott. — Well, J left home with the impression that I liked the Mann apple.
The President. — Would you put that as one of the six best 1
Mr. Elliott. — Yes, if you make it six J will. Then I think a good deal of the
Stork : I think it is the coming iipple. I would put that as one of the six. I cannot
Kpeak from experience of the Spy, neither would 1 advise anyone to raise the King ;
ihere in not much money in it, it is not n good yieldcr, but th(^ great trouble witli it is
that fhe afiples fall. The Canada Jled is a good apple and a good yiehh-r, and 1 put it as
one of my Hix. I'here is another apple that I havo not heard mentioned hi-re to-day»
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Peck's Pleasant, which is a good bearer and a good apple. I think there is more money
in Baldwins and Greenings than in any other apples we raise. We have a
dozen different kinds of Russets ; but I would not advise anyone here to
grow Russetts, as they become deformed. The Spitzenberg used to be a good
apple some years ago, but this fall a gentleman asked me to get him a barrel, and I could
not get a barrel of good' ones in the whole county of Essex. The Talman Sweet is a good
apple ; it is not an extra fine dessert apple, but I never saw its equal as a baking apple.
The Northern Spy is a good apple, but I think it is less suited to our light soil than to a
heavier land. I am a great admirer of the Fall Pippin, but there is not much money
made in growing it. Seek-no-further bears very well with us. St. Lawrence is a good
apple when it is ripe, but you want to get there the night before or it will be rotten next
morning. The Ribston Pippin, though a good apple, is not an extra bearer with us, and
the Fall Pippin is a shy bearer. The Duchess is I think a kind of first cousin to the
St. Lawrence. It is a good cooking apple before it gets ripe. Another very good fall
apple, that will stand shipping, is the Sherwood ; it is a long striped apple, and is an
extra apple to yield with us. Then there is the Maiden's Blush, we get about as perfect
apples off it as from any tree that grows.
THE QUESTION DRAWER.
The following questions were discussed from the Question Drawer :
SHOULD EXHIBITORS OF FRUIT BE THE OWNERS OF IT ?
Q. — Should fruit exhibited be the bona fide property of the exhibitor?
The President. — I do not think anyone here will say otherwise.
President Lyo^, — We have for several years in Michigan given premiums for
collections of fruit which may be gathered within a certain district, not exacting rigidly
that they shall be of the exhibitor's own growth, but it is only in the case of those col-
lections that exhibitors are allowed to cull from others. I think this plan has added
greatly to the interest of the exhibition, because it shows the capabilities of the district
from within which the fruit is drawn.
The President. — Are your people in Michigan all perfectly honest ? We have a
similar plan here in some of our fairs, and I have heard it more than hinted that when
these people are making their collections of fruit they, at the same time, get a little to
be exhibited as of their own growth.
President Lyox. — We endeavor to draw the line very rigidly, and if any complaint
is made it is always examined closely by the proper authorities.
The President — I have heard it said that the man who won the medal at the last
Toronto Exhibition collected almost all his exhibit, and raised only a verj' small propor-
tion. I know that it is done in local fairs right alonrr, and I think it is a very unfair
thing and one with which this Society ought to deal if possible.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I have been connected with fairs in this district for thirty or
forty years, and have filled almost every office, and I do not think it is fair to allow any
but bona fide producers. There have actually been cases where a bona fide exhibitor
has been beaten by fruit of his own growth exhibited by some one who has collected
fruit to show. The only excuse is that a finer display may be made by getting together a
fine collection.
The Secretary. — The only thing that can be done to remedy it that I can see is to
pass a resolution in this way, that in the opinion of this Association every exhibitor of
fruits at any fairs should be required to sign a written certificate that the fruit he
exhibits is of his own growth, and that there should be some forfeit in case it is shown
that such exhibit is not as represented.
Mr. Wilkinson. — That he should forfeit all prizes, and be debarred from again
exhibiting for two years.
9
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
Mr. Dempsey. — I think the best and only way to meet that ditiiculty, which is a
very serious one, is for all honest exhibitors to keep their fruit at home. I gave notice
to a ccuple of our Associations this year that, though I won piizes liberally, I would not
take the trouble to pick my fruit and place it on exhibition against persons whom I
know did not grow the fruit shown by them.
Mr. MoKTOX (Wingham). — Our rule is that fruit shall be the property of the
exhibitor, grown upon his farm or holding ; and I think we have a rule that any
exhibitor may be required to make a statutory declaration to that effect. Of course if a
man comes along and makes a false declaration we cannot stop him, though he would, of
course, make himself liable to the penalty for perjury. I think we have only had
occasion to demand that declaration two or three times. Twice we stopped the man, and
in the third case the declaration was taken, and I do not doubt the man's claim was
bona Jide, and that our suspicions were unfounded.
Mr. Wilkinson. — I quite agree with that ; our rules are somewhat similar.
The Secuetaky. — Mr. President, I have a motion to make with reference to this
matter. It appears to me that it would be better that all exhibitors should sign a
declaration or certificate, because if you only ask cne whom }ou suspect, you feel rather
delicate about it, it being as much as to say that you suspect him of being dishonest.
But if you retjuire all to sign such a declaration it becouies a matter of course, and 1
think if the rule were generally known that very few exhibitors would seek to evade it.
I, therefore, move this resolution, which is seconded by Professor Saunders :
That in the opinion of thia Association exhibitors of fruit at fairs should be required to sign a certifi-
cate that the fruit shown is of their own growth, and that in case of any trickery being proved, forfeiture of
prizes is to follow.
Mr. Mdrtox. — The difficulty is that you cannot make a certificate of that kind that
will hold water, because, if he makes a false declaration, it is only punishable if false
with regard to the facts, and the declaration must be made after the exhibit is made.
Professor Saundeks. — I think in the usual form of certificate the exhibitor declares
that the article .shown is of his own production, growth or manufacture, and it seems to
me that it is not sufficiently definite for fruit exhibitors. I think the certificate for fruit
exhibitors should be to worded that there would be no evading it. Let the forfeiture be
clearly shown that would follow any infraction of the rule, and I think it would have
some effect. People get behind that general certificate and say they did not understand
it. It should be made so clear that there can be no misunderstanding it, and if the
directors then do their duty and withhold the prizes in any case where complaint is made
or suspicion exist?, until full inquiry is made and sufiicient evidence brought forward, I
think it would help very much in regulating the matter.
Mr. A. McD. Allax. — I have often judged fruit at fairs when I knew that the
fruit of certain exhibitors was not of their own growth, but then I had nothing to do
with that. As has been said here, one thing that is to a great extent responsible for
this trouble is the practice of offijring prizes for large collections. It does not pay any
one grower to grow thirty or forty varieties, and I think ten or a dozen would be (juito
sufiicient for almost any section where apples are grown. Where it is desired to have
large collections shown at fairs, I think they should bo collected by the Society, but I
would not allow any individual to exhibit them or receive a prize for such a collection.
The fact of the matter is that the offer of such a prize is a strong inducement for some
man to go and steal the fruit.
Mr. iJLf;KE. — This may be all very well at local fairs, but how can you find out who
grew the fruit at Toronto Exhibition, or some of the other larger exhibitions ? You can-
not follow it up- -it is impossible.
Mr. Gaston. — I think any man wlio is perfectly honest in making his exhibit need
not be backward in making the refjuired affidavit, ami will not object to it at all. There
Ih one diiliculty in regard to fairs at which it is a rule, if you susj^ect a man of not being
honest in his exhibit that you must protest, dt^positing a dollar at the time of making
the protest. Then, if you fail to prove tlie allegation you forfeit the dollar. It is not
oxactly the lohs of the dollar, but you get intrt bad odor if you make a coujplaint which
10
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
turns out to he unfounded, though there may have been suspicious circumstances
justifying the protest. I have known very bad feeUng to be engendered in some cases of
this kind. Now, if everyone was required to make the affidavit, it would get over that
difficulty better than anything else, I think.
Mr. Elliott. — None of these certificates or declarations will do any good unless the
persons who ai'e aware that crooked practices are going on will make that fact known,
and they will not do it. At a fair at which 1 was a judge recently a man said to me, "I
want to see which of the Ben Davis' got the prize." I showed him the ones, and he
said, " Why, he (meaning the exhibitor) got that out of my orchard." Now, if men like
that would tell the secretary and put in a protest, that kind o": thing would soon dis-
appear. If people will stand by silently and see prizes carried off by fruit which they
know well the exhibitor has never grown, all the declarations and affidavits will not do
any good.
The Secretary. — I think we could have a printed form of affidavit to be taken by
every exhibitor, as Mr. Caston says, and, in case of any trickery being shown, forfeiture
of the prizes won at the exhibition should follow.
The motion was then put and carried.
ADDRESSES AT THE EVENING SESSION.
At the opening of the evening session the President announced that there were a
mumber of local gentlemen, and gentlemen from the American side in the hall, upon
whom he would call for short addresses. He then called upon the Mayor of Windsor.
WELCOME TO WINDSOR.
Mayor Twomey, who was i-eceived with applause, expressed the great satisfaction he
felt in seeing the officers and so many members of the Association in the town of
Windsor, and he was also much gratified by the presence of the gentlemen from
Michigan. To all of them, on behalf of the citizens of \yindsor, he had much pleasure in
extending a most hearty welcome to that town and the county of Essex, where the
importance of the aims and work of the Fruit Growers' Associalion were Avell known
:and appreciated. He had always regarded the county of Essex as the garden of the
Dominion, and he felt sure the chairman knew well the many advantages that county
enjoyed as a centre of fruit cultivation. Still, he believed the fruit industry was but in
•its infancy at present, and had no doubt that a great stimulus would be imparted to it
by the visit of the Association, which he hoped to see repeated at no very distant date.
The President replied fittingly to the Mayor's remarks, and then called upon
^President Lyon, of the Michigan Horticultural Society, for a few remarks.
FRUIT GROWING IN MICHIGAN.
Mr. Dyon said, speaking for the Michigan Horticultural Society, that they were
'trying to do their part in elevating horticultural and pomological interests in the State of
Michigan. Pomology was occupying the attention of a great ma«y in that state, in the
eastern part more especially, while in western Michigan peach growing was becoming a
leading industry. Their society had existed since 1870, and they felt that its existence
had been the cause of improvement and advancement in fruit culture generally, and that
they had been instrumental in bringing order out of confusion. He then described the
manner in which it had become necessary to have local societies to ascertain the fruits
suitable to be grown within limited districts, instead of having a general list of American
fruits, some of which, though grown successfully in one part, were quite unsuitable for
others. This dividing up into smaller districts had been going on since 1848, when an
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
assembly of fruit growers had met in Buffalo to prepare a fruit list for the United States.
Although this was a Canadian Association, he felt that the members of all Fruit
Growers' Associations were brothers in a grtat and good work, and he hoped they would
always work together harmoniously for the promotion of the common weal.
Mr. Taylor, of Michigan, was then called upon bj' the President. lie said that
the predominating interest among the fruit growers of western Michigan at the present-
time was peach culture, tliough grapes, pears and small fruit were grown to some extent.
The district from which he came was about six miles wide and forty miles long. In
every part of the state, where the prospect seemed at all hopeful, peach orchards were
being planted, but, in the district he had referred to, peach culture was almost the staple
occupation, the peach orchards being almost continuous from farm to farm for long
stretches. "When the trees were in bloom the sight was a most beautiful and inspiring
one. The crop during the summer of 1889 had been the smallest they had had sinc&
1875, but some years the crop was larger than they had railway facilities for getting to a
market in time to realise upon them. At the nearest lake port to this district, where
steamers for Chicago and Milwaukee called, it had been the regular thing a year ago to
load three boats each evening for those markets, each boat carrying from five to fifteen
thousand baskets. Two miles south two other vessels were loaded, and ten miles east
ten or fifteen cars per day. On one day, when the wind was so boisterous as to prevent
the boats sailing, he had driven to the railway at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and before
reaching it he found teams strung out for half a mile on the highway, waiting their turn
to load fruit on the cars. These facts would give some idei of the quantity of fruit
grown in that district. Their earliest peaches ripened about the middle of July, and
shipments began about that time, increasing until about the middle of August, when
shipments became very heavy, and continuing so until about the 15th of October. The
speaker concluded his remarks by expressing his pleasure at meeting with his Canadian
brethren, and his conviction that by united eflorts much would be accomplished for fruit
culture both here and in his own countrv.
VINE CULTURE AND WINE MAKING IN ESSEX.
After the audience had been favored with a piano solo by Miss Werrett, the Presi-
dent called upon Mr. Solomon White, of Windsor.
Mr. White said he desired to endorse everything that had been said by the worthy
Mayor of Windsor in welcoming the members of th^ Association to the town of Windsor
and county of Essex ; he only regretted that their visit had iiot been made at a time
when they could have had ocular demonstration by a visit to some of their orchards, full
of trees loaded down with delicious fruit, of the capacity of E.seex as a fruit producing:
county. He hira.self had done something in fruit growing, principally in vine culture and
wine making, and he might say that he had to-day in his cellar wines made almost
twenty years ago, and yet sound and good. The great secret of making wine that would
keep was to bring the fruit to what would be called its normal condition. The grapes
grown in the county of Essex were to a large extent normal ; but where he had had
experience elsewhere, near Toronto, they were not, and required the addition of a little
fiugar and water to bring them to that condition. These were facts he had learned long
ago, and since then he had succeeded pretty well. Some ministers were very anxious-
for a non-fermented wine, but he really did not know where they would find it, for it
must ferment until the alcohol was all converted and all foreign matter thrown out and^
dono away with. When the normal condition of which he had spoken of was reached,
thf wine, if t-trong enough, would keep. Vino culture and wine making was a great
industry in the county, and thoiigh the numlter engaged in it was constantly increasing^
the demand was greater than they were al)le to meet. JIo would recommend them to go
and H'-e his old friend Major Wagstaff, who had some as fine wine, in his cellar as could
l>e found, and who could show them what was to be made in the county. Coming t»
applefl, he claimed for the county of Essex that in it couhl be raised the finest apples-
to be found anywhere, and especially along the lake shore, lie felt great pleasure in.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
being present at these meetings, -where so much could be learned useful to the fruit
grower, and he trusted the present visit of the Association to the town of Windsor would
not be its last, but that they might on some future occasion return at a time when they
<;ould be shown to more advantage the beauties of the county.
HORTICULTURE IN THE PURLIC SCHOOLS.
Mr. 0. W. Garfield, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, was then called upon, and after
making a few remarks on the similarity of fruit growing conditions in Michigan and
western Ontario, and of the feeling of brotherly love which should exist between the
Michigan horticulturists and those of Ontario, expressed his desire to say a few words on
the subject of horticulture in the public schools, for if he felt more earnestly on any one
subject than another it was upon the question how the younger portion of the communitv
should be instructed and encouraged in horticulture. The only way he could see of
doing this was by enlisting the sympathies of the teachers. It was not often that
children could be got together in such a meeting as the present one, but it was possible
to form little coteries in which a number of neighbors, their wives and children, might
get together and discuss such questions, and thus instil an interest in the subject into
them. They wanted to bring to this some of the enthusiasm which carried them along
in their horticultural life. He felt great pleasure in joining in discussions on horti-
cultural subjects, not only those connected with the question of how much money could
be got out of it, but those which related to horticulture in its highest and best form.
Mr. A. McNeill, science master of the Windsor high school, followed. He said
he was heartily in accord with the previous speaker, who had said very truly that it was
not possible for a public school teacher who himself knew nothing of horticulture to
impart an interest in it to the children under his charge. He had been a senior teacher
for some years, and he was sorry to have to say that he knew very few of his fellow
teachers who were at all interested in that line. In his own botany classes he had found
no difficulty in getting up an interest in the subject ; he found that he could interest his
pupils from one end of the session to the other ; the interest they showed was really sur-
prising. He referred to the difficulty of getting young people now-a-days to stick to the
farm, and said he had no doubt that as soon as intelligence could be brought to bear
upon farm life there would be no more difficulty in that respect ; the young people
flocked to other callings because more intelligence was apparently called for in them, and
so, when by the application of intelligence agricultural and horticultural pursuits assumed
their proper dignity, young people would flock to them, instead of deserting them for
other occupations.
After a duet by Messrs. Pepper and McLaughlin had been sung, Mr. Edwin Reid,
Secretary of the Michigan Horticultural Society, was called upon.
Mr. Reid, while acknowledging the honor of being asked to address the meeting,
said he did not think it necessary for him to add anything to what had been said by his
fellow-countrymen, President Lyon and Mr. Gartield.
PROF. SAUNDERS ON HORTICULTURE.
The President then called upon Prof, Saunders, of the Dominion Experimental
Farm, Ottawa.
Prof. Saunders. — I am highly delighted this evening to meet with our friends from
the other side, and I am sure their visit will do both them and us good. I have had
personal experience of the very hospitable manner in which they are in the habit of
treating Canadians, and I trust they will carry away as favorable impressions of us as t
and others, who have been fortunate enough to spend a short time among them, did of
their kindness. I must next congratulate the people of this district and the coimty of
Essex on the splendid country they possess, of which I believe the half has not yet been
told. About fifteen years ago, when a director of the Fruit Growers' Association, I with
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1801
three others was deputed to inspect and report upon the character of the hike shore
district I'rcm St. Thomas to Amherstburg. We started out with the expectation that we
would be able to complete the task in two or three days, and we had vehicles to take us
along, but we found so much to interest us that our time was consumed before we
reached Chatham. "We found so many evidences of the advantages of the district for
the growth not only of apples, pears and plums, but also of peaches, that the committer
■were quite astonished and reported most favorably of the district, hoping the next year
to take up the remainder of the district, including this, your favorite county. I believe^
however, that this was not done, and the work has never been completed. I make the-
suggestion, and think it would not be a bad idea, for the Association to send a deputa-
tion up hei'e, to report upon the advantages possessed by this district for the growth of
the finer fruits. I am sure they can be produced here in great abundance. In connec-
tion with my duties as director of the Experimental Farm, it is my business to travel
from Halifax to Vancouver, and I try to find out all I can about that little stretch of
country — only about four thousand miles ! But it takes some time to get over it and
get acquainted with it and the differences of climate, soil and other characteristics con-
nected with it. 1 have seen and examined the most favored districts of British Colum-
bia, and some of them are certainly very promising for fruit growing ; but I am free tO'
say that I am not acquainted with any part of the Dominion in which fruit>growing can
be carried on with greater promise of success than in the county of Essex. The display
we have upon the table before us, most of which, I understand, comes from this vicinity,
and has been produced here, should be suilicient to satisfy anyone that it is indeed a
great fruit district which can grow such apples as these, keeping until this time in such
condition as we see them. I would advise you, one and all, to cultivate more fruit ; and
I may say here that I believe in the aesthetic aspect of the question which has been
advanced by my friend Mr. Garfield. You will seldom find a man actively and enthu-
siastically engaged in any department of horticulture who is a bad man. I suppose I
ought to say something to you about the px-esent and future of experimental farm work,
as it bears upon fruit culture in Canada. In the organization of the work of the Experi-
mental Farm, as the name implies, all departments of agriculture are expected to be
covered ; everything, in fact, with which a farmer is concerned — corn growing, stock
raising and all the other important features of farm work. Such experimental work,
taken up from time to time, will be most beneficial to the provinces in which these farms-
are situated. That is all I propose saying about the farm work generally. But in the
depaitment of horticulture 1 must say a few words more, as there are many very import-
ant aspects of this work to be considered, when we take into account the population of
the Dominion and its needs. I firmly believe that it is the best policy and the only
practical solution of some existing difliculties, that in districts like this, which are very
favorably situated for fruit growing, it should be gone into on a large scale. I am
equally as strong in my belief of the importance of having fruit at every man's door if it
is possible to have it, in every part of this Dominion, but while there are few sections of
the country where small fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries and cur-
rants cannot be grown, there are very many indeed where a beautiful apple, pear, plum,
or peach, such as you can grow in Essex, cannot be grown at all ; where the trees will
not endure the severity of the climate. Either the cold of winter or the drouth of sum-
mer is sure to destroy them. The work of the Experimental Farm is to introduce from
other countries having similar climates, and to originate in our own country varieties
specially adapted to those districts not so favorably situated as yours is, so that we may
eventually bo able to pro<luce apples, pears and plums which will prove hardy even in
the mo«t rigorous climates. We have in the Dominion to furnish to the settler the
varietif s he can grow to advantage, and if they are not up to tin; first quality, I know
they will appreciate in the districts J. hav(! si)oken of even second and third class, if they
tan grow tht-m. In connectioa with the Experimental Farm work, a farm has been
selected in Nova Scotia, at a village called Napan, where, though there are good facili-
ties for fruit growing, the people have not paid much attention to it ; partly, as they
will tell you il you ask them, that they can buy apples grown in the famous Annapolis
Yalloy cheaper than they can grow them. They are beginning, however, to realise that
14
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
it is better to grow fruit themselves, and orchards are being planted by them now, owing'
more or less, to the advice and example given them by us, which served as an interesting
object lesson to them. I have no doubt that fruit growing will become very general
there within the next ten or twelve years. In the North-west one farm is located in one
of the great wheat belts of Manitoba, and the other on the verge of the prairie district
in the territory, where the climate is a continuation of the great American desert, and
the rainfall is lacking which they get further east, in Manitoba. In those districts we
are endeavoring to test such varieties as can be obtained in Russia, Silesia and different
other European countries — the apples, pears and plums that are found to grow in similar
districts there. We are also trying to get from our neighbors in Minnesota such fruits
as they have adapted to the North-west. I have no doubt that in a few years we shall
be able to establish a degree of reciprocity with them in that line, whether a reciprocity^
treaty be negotiated or not. I made an attempt in that direction recently, when in
Washington, and succeeded so well that the Secretary there has placed us on the list of
Experimental Stations which receive samples of the seeds and products the United
States receives from abroad, and we shall send them any we may introduce as soon as we
possibly can. I think this reciprocal interchange among our fruit growers and those of
the United States will do good, and our neighbors across the line are so good-natured
that it is pleasant to get among them to negotiate with them these little trifles of bar-
gains. Of course we generally try to get a little the better of them ; it would not do for
us to lose the reputation we have gained in that respect. The United States have done
a great deal in this direction, in the introduction of new trees from Russia for testing in
the colder climates of this continent, and none of them so much as Iowa. Professor
Budd has been associated with our own Mr. Gibb, of Abbotsford, P.Q. They travelled
together through Russia, and secured and introduced into this country many tiew varie-
ties of fruits, giving promise of being adapted to the requirements and climate of the
country. A few weeks ago, while at Indian Head, I went very carefully over the
Russian apples sent up a year ago last spring, which have stood two summers and one
winter, and I must say the success attending their growth was very gratifying, although
the season has been unusually trying, the rainfall being little more than five inches
between April and September, and the trees manifested a degree of hardihood and vigor
that I think augurs well for the future. Not only apples, but some cherries also, pro-
mised very well ; and through the energy of our excellent secretary, we are now on the
eve of getting from another part of Russia a consignment of trees of a very promising
sort, which I trust will prove another very valuable addition to the list we are trying to
grow at the present time. Apart from these introductions we are trying to originate
new fruit. I will give you one experiment now in progress, from which you will have
an idea of the work we are trying to do in this respect. The town of Riga, in Russia,
is, I suppose, about a thousand miles north of the latitude of Winnipeg, and around that
district a great many varieties of fruit are grown, and even north of that in Russia,
where the climate is very cold, and they have dry winds something like those in our
own prairie district. Through the kindness of a seedsman in that town I have been able
to secure a considerable quantity of seed of apples, pears and cherries which have been
ripened and sold in the markets in towns north of that place. From these seeds — I
think I am within the mark — fifteen hundred trees have been grown ; seedling trees,
which will be planted out in orchards ir. Ottawa and at the North-west farm, and it is
expected that by thus multiplying the chances of success almost ad libitum, we shall, in
a very short time, get some varieties to manifest that degree of hardiness to make them
meet the great want of our people all over the country. In addition to growing seed-
lings in the way I have outlined, we are endeavoring, by cross-fertilization with the
hardiest fruits we have, to produce new varieties. You must not think all our labors
are devoted to the interests of the North-west, or the colder sections of the country
however. We are endeavoring to help the dwellers in such situations as yours in Essex,
and other favored parts of the country, by introducing and testing new varieties as they
come out. We hope by testing these new varieties, some of which are so highly lauded
and little deserving of it, co be able to save many a farmer a very large expenditure, to
■which he has been hitherto subject, in having to test these thicgs for himself. These
15
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
new varieties will be tested once for all in an authoritative manner, and their value
determined in such a way as to inspire contidence among the fruit throwers of thia
country. And a great saving of both time and money may be thus ejected, wJiile actu-
ally useful varieties will be placed before the fruit growers in a way which could not be
done under any other system. 1 am very glad to be present with you here, and to have
had an opportunity of making these few remarks, with which I hope I have not occupied
too much of your time.
ESSEX AS A FRUIT-GROWING COUNTY.
After the audience had been favored by a solo given by Mr. Patterson, of Windsor,
the Chairman called upon ^Ir. Cleary, of Windsor.
Mr. Cleary expressed his thanks for the compliment paid him in being asked to
speak at the meeting, and said it afforded him great satisfaction that the meeting of the
Fruit Growers' Association should have been held in Essex, as he felt it would be of
great beneiit to the county, by drawing attention to its advantages as a fruit-growing
and agricultural section of the Dominion. It was situated, he said, very similarly to the
State of Michigan, and the climate was most favorable for the cultivation of fruit. The
county was situated in about the same latitude as Spain, and it would perhaps surprise
some of his hearers to learn that in it could be grown fruit which could not be grown else-
where in Canada. He had seen Catawba grapes growing on Pelee Island on the 15th of
October, and in some parts of the county sweet potatoes could be grown. If this meeting
of the Iruit growers resulted in drawing attention to the county, it would be productive
of much benefit, for although the area of the county of Essex was about 430,000 acres,
only about one-third of it was cleared and in cultivation, and of that area about one-
quarter was devoted to the cultivation of corn, which, in Essex and Kent, could be grown
with as much success as in the Western States. He was happy to be able to bear testi-
mony to the truth of what Mr. Solomon White had said regarding the wine in his cellar.
Longfellow had said of Catawba wine :
For richest and best
Is the wine of the West
That grows by the iieautiful River,
Who.'^e sweet perfume
Fills all the room
With a benison on the giver.
EVAPORATED FRUIT— GROWTH AND IMPORTANCE OF THE
INDUSTRY.
Mr. L. B. Rick, of Port Huron, Mich., read the following paper on this subject :
In presenting the subject in question to this society to-night, I would refer briefly to
the history, growth and importance of this enterprise, for, like all other great enter-
prises, it has had its small beginning and its infant days. It is true that the ancient
inhabitants of the desert regions of Asia and Africa dried and pressed the farinaceous
fruits of the date, palm and the prune, and that these formed largely the food used on
their long journeys across the arid sands. Jiut I have not gone back to their means of
drying and pressing the fruit ; nor have I traced the method by which the al)origines of
this country prepared their l)erries, so that they would keep (iven when buried under the
ground. I have coriimenced with my per.«onal recollections of fruit evaporating in my
own home. Mv recollections commence in the typical log house of western New York,
with its broaa fireplace and stick chimney, situated on the old Jiidge road in the town of
HoduH. Every evening during tlie autumn, father, mother, lirothers and the hired help
gathered in a wide circle around the great fireplace, to ])are apples or peaches for drying,
with which to assist in buying our winter's clothing. The apples were pared by hand,
cut into tiuarters and the core cut out in the most artistic style. The quarters were thou
IG
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
put on strings. Some of the neighbors bought wrapping twine from the store, but my
mother would take the tow that was left when she spun her flax for our summer clothing,
re-card it and spin it into nice strong twine for that purpose. I remeral)er well that a
great wooden bowl was placed on tlie table and the quarters thrown into it as they were
prepared. Around this bowl two or three of us were gathered, with our needles and
strings, to string the apples. These strings of apphs were hung on racks on either side
of the fireplace and on the edge of the mantel-shelf ; they vveie also suspended from the
chamber floor joist on the sunny side of the house outdoors, and in every place where
they could be dried. The first improvement came in using scaffold boards to spread
them on. We got out some logs in the winter and took them to the saw-mill, had them
«ut on shencs, and used the boards to build and cover the scafiblding. Everything was
extemporized for use — even the more flat roofs of houses, sheds, barns, etc. — wherever
the fruit could get the sun. But if there should come on a few days of wet v/eather,
there was trouble and loss. We had to go back to the use of strings. Racks were made
of strips of lath and put over the stove, under it and all around. From this ihe transi-
tion was easy to a small room set apart for the purpose. A stove was placed in it and
racks covered with apples placed above, below and on all sides. But there was the
danger of having a hot fire maintained in the house, and seveial buildings were burned.
To avoid this trouble a small house was put up away from the farm buildings, and a
stove placed in it, and it was christened a "dry-house."
While all of these improvements were being made in the art of drying the fruit
the spirit of invention was advancing in other lines as well. Some ingenious person
conceived the idea of paring the apples with a machine. We could not see how it could
be done, but he accomplished the task. It was in this manner : A fork with two prongs
was forged in one end of a small rod of iron, and the other end was bent into a crank.
Two upright standards were placed at one end of a board 2^ to 3 feet long, and this was
fastened to the top of them by means of staples driven in, thus forming the bearings on
which it was to turn. To use this machine the operator would place the free end of the
board on a chair or bench, then, sitting on it, he would turn the crank with his right
hand, holding the knife in his left. The knife was made of a thin piece of steel, bent at
the ends and driven into a piece of wood, being raised just enough to represent the
thickness of the paring. With this a good, spry young roan could pare a bushel of good-
sized smooth apples in an hour. These were the glorious days of " paring bees." The
lucky young man who owned one of these machines was sure of an invitation to all of
the bees in the neighborhood ; more than that, he was sure of two of the smartest girls to
slice his apples, and a big piece of pumpkin pie at 10 o'clock, and in some instances, a
half hour's frolic. But the restless Yankee spirit could not stop at this. His invent-
itive genius, so thoroughly aroused, and starting out under such favorable auspices in the
great fruit belt of western New York, has never slumbered. There soon appeared a
paring machine with large and small wooden wheels and a belt, so that increased speed
«ould be given to the motion of the ai)ple, and this was followed by the first cast irou
<j;eared machines.
Some time in 1857, I think it was, one Mr. Mason brought out a little portable
dry house. I say " dry house," for we had not yet risen to the dignity of the name
" evaporator." Mason's dry house met the wants of the small producer better than
anything else ever given to the public, and thousands of them are still in use, giving good
satisfaction. The building was 4 feet 0 inches by 7 feet on the ground and 7 feet high to
the eaves. The heater was a sheet iron cylinder about 6 feet long, with cast iron heads, iu
one of which was a door and draft, while the other was solid. The door was flush with one
end of the building, so that the wood was put in from the outside. The stovepipe came out
on each side near the back end, and returned to the front, where it was joined into one and
came out just above the door. This accommodated 10 or 12 trays, 3 feet by 4 feet, and
would dry as many bushels in a day. Its capacity is increased by building larger and
increasing the diameter and length of the cylinder heater. All of the principles of the
tower and hot air draft were and are used in this, as it depends for success on free
admittance of air at the bottom, and good ventilation at the top. The patei»t haa
#xpired long ago, and any person can use it freely. With wooden slats for irays, the
2 (F. G.) 17
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
cost complete is about 820. While speaking of small evaporators, there is another very
much in favor among the next class of produces. It consists of two brick walls about
3 feet 6 inches or 4 feet apart, and sheet iron so placed in as to carry the diaffc back-
wards and forwards from one end to the other, and trays put in between. A .$75 Oauion
furnace is used, the whole costing about .$200 aside from the building, which is large
enough to have the work done in it.
The tirst to build on a large scale was Alden. He used a tower 4 feet square on
the inside, and running from the basement through and out of the top of a two story
house. Steam radiators were used, being placed at the bottom of the tower ; but these
failed to give satisfaction, and were replaced by hot air furnaces. The apples were put
on 30 to 40 trays, one above the other, the fresh being introduced at the top and
gradually lowered to the Hoor of the tirst storv, where the dry ones were taken out.
This seemed to l)e the most philosophical method, but it was found that the fruit was-
scorched when brought, near to the tire, and the process was reversed. The green fruit
was put in nearest the furnace and gradually raised, the dry ones being taken out at the
top. As ofien as a new one was introduced the others were raised. This was a great
convenience, as the tirst story could be used as a workshop, the apples going directly into
the tower, while the upper tioor was used to store the dried fruit. Tliis style of evapora-
tor has come out with a great many variations, and with as many different invention*
for hoisting the trays during the process of drying. Alden raised his trays with four
endless chains. Williams used two towers, with a device so that the trays were lowered
in one and passed up through the other, being taken out and put in at the same place.
Now most of them build a tower of brick like a great chimney, 4 feet square ou the
inside, with a furnace in the bottom and a draft-hood on the top, above the building.
These are practically tire-proof. Alden tried to sustain a claim against all others for
infringement, on the ground that his patent covered the use of hot air currents to carry
off the moisture, no matter in what form it is used. The evaporating people combined t*
contest the claim, and the struggle lasted several years. Proof was obtained that hot
air currents for drying purposes had been in use in various parts of the country for years.
The process was described by writers, notable among whom was Patrick Barry, the
venerable president of the Western New York Horticultural Society.
In the first evaporators wood was used for trays, then common iron wire, but the
wire had to be renewed every few years, as it would get rusty however well cared for.
Then came galvanized wire, as at present used, of which I will speak further on.
Horizontal evaporators have been in use with natural or forced currents of heated
air. They were brought into favor during the war of the rebellion, to prepare dessicated
vegetables for the soldiers, to keep otf the .scurvy. If any of you ever enjoys d a supper
of soup made of these "desecrated vegetaViles," as we used to call them, and hard tack,
while on allowance, you will hold them in fragrant remembrance as long as life lasts.
Ah I stated before, steam was used in the tirst Alden towers, and it has since beea
tried in a small way in towers ; but its success was not satisfactory. Of late it has l>een
used in a large way where the heat is distributed among the apples by a system of steam
pipes, and it has produced very satisfactory results ; in fact, it seems as though the hot
air tower would soon be a thing of the past. After the steam is used in thw evaporator
it can be conducted through pipes in the working room, thereby doing all with one tire ;
also a cheaper class of fuel can be used. In the use of steam there are already many
claimants for public favor, some of a good deal of merit, while others have their
peculiar faults.
It makes but little difference what evaporator you use ; the work is the same to
prepare the apples. I liave reports from men who own evaporators in many difHirent
places, and f tind that fifty bushelH is the average work for a singh^ paring machirio in
ten hours. Where reasonaljly fair apphis are raisful some report as hiiih as sixty l>ushels,
and HOme even more. Two trimmers, one allowed to each parer ; or it might be stated
that to run an evoporator of 200 bushels capacity wouhl take four parers, eight trim-
mers, two spreaders, two sorters, one bleacher, f) tend«^rs, one foreman and two night
workers or alKjut twenty-tive hands in all. Of course this will vary a little according to
18
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1£9J
quality of fruit and skill of work hands. Tho product will be from 1,200 to 1,400 &.
white apples, and you would use with the most approved steam evaporator about
1,200 lb soft coal, and from 20 to 25 lb of brimstone.
Great impetus was given to the business of evaporating fruits by the introduction
•f the method of bleaching the apples after being pared with the fumes of burning
sulphur. It had been a|ipiied to hops, and in Europe to fruit to some extent, but it was.
introduced in the evaporator in this country about 1876. As it evapoiates, so it
bleaches. There are many styles but all accomplish the same work by burning sulphur.
In piring machines there has been great improvercent since the one I used at parin<y
bees. ISome have even tried driving them by steam power, but we have yet to see any
greater average per day than by hand power. I see it stated in the Canadian Ilortlcxvl-
turist, of November, that apples pared faster than 25 bushel in ten hours will fly tO'
pieces and waste. There are none of our boys that average less than 50 bushels, unless,
of poor apples, and some even as high as 75 • yet we are not troubled in tijat way.
The importance of the enterprise to a community is shown, in a measure, by the
amount of money that it puts into circulation, and not so much by the per cent, proht
to the man or company who buy their apples and hire help to do the work. It is aa
industry that gives employment to every man, woman and child in the community, and
that of the most active and energetic kind. Girls and women who at other times are driving
in their carriages, as .soon as the season appears, may be found in the dry house all day.
It is not uncommon for the farmer to give to his girls the proceeds of the evaporation if
they will run it, and some of them take in a good deal of money, even up to $1,000 or
more. As an example of the money brought into a place I will give you the sum,
paid out by one firm for dried fruit in the little village of Sodus, given to me by
Mr. A. B. Williums, book-keeper for the year 1887 :
3,500,000 It), white apples at 7^c $202,500
300,000 ft. chops at 3c 9,000
600,000 lb. skins and cores at 2ic 1.5,000
125,000 lb. berries at 22c ". 27,500
0,000 lb. plums at 10c 600
4,000 lb. peaches at 12c 480
$315,080
Other buyers would easily have carried the sura total to half a million dollars.
This buyer employed in his packing house the following persons from September 1st to-
April 1st, inclusive, seven months : one superintendent, one weigh-mau, five packers, four
facers and six ring pickers ; seventeen persons in all. In packing the white appks they
used 70,000 fifty-pound boxes, which loaded 140 cars, and it would require 30 car loads
of half inch jtine lumber to make the boxes. One box-making firm at that place writ&
me that in the same year they made 75,000 boxes, using 32 car loads of half inch lumber
or 800,000 feet ; 600 lb. glue, 2,500 lb. nails, and employed seven men and two boys.
You will see by the number of persons required in an evaporator of 200 bushels capacity
that it would require 1,200 persons for three months in the evaporators, to produce the
white apples alone that this firm bought. Now I think I have shown something of the-
value of such an enterprise to a community.
Mr. J. Dayl, of Rochester, in an article read before the Western New York Horti-
cultural Society last January, places the entire production of evaporated fruit for the year-
1887 aa follows :
Evaporated apples, 2.5,000,000 H) $1,125,000
Chops, 8.000,000 1b 150,000
Cores and parings, 4,000,000 1b 00,000
Raspberries, 750,000 lb 150,000
Total, 37,750,000 lb. $1,495,000
Giving employment to 80,000 persons at good wages.
The question naturally arises : where do all these apples find a market ? Dealers;
in New York write me that Germany and Holland are their largest purchasers, while-
those in Chicago say the great north-west and west. Parties in San Francisco say that
19
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
they ship to the distant islands of the Paci6c, particularly to Australia. They say that
just now they are having a largo demand froiu Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and even
Texas. Prices quoted in San Francisco on the 28th of November are : Evaporated apples,
9 to 9i-c ; sun-dried quarter^, 3 to 4(j., and sun-dried slices, 4 to 5c. You will see by this
that sun-dried apples cannot successfully compete with evaporated, and I doubt if
expense of manufacturing is very much less. Perhaps I ought to say that there is an
exception to this in what are known as " heavy cut quarters," sun-driei, from the north-
ern reserve of Ohio. They are in demand in New York, and have the highest reputation
for export.
It was said by writers and others last year, in a consoling way, that a result of
the low prices would be to open new markets, and consumers in these new markets once
having tasted the delicious fruit, would never again be able to resist. But careful
inquiry among dealers fails to t'uinish proof of any such happy state of affairs, or to reveal
any new markets opened. The consumption last year was enormous everywhere, but the
general feeling is that there will be a great falling off this year. Western New Yoi k, the
cradle of the evaporating industry, continues to lead the world, not only in the quality but
in the quantity of its productions of evaporated apples and of raspberries. Delaware,
North Carolina and Georgia are the leading producers of dried peaches, Virginia of
therries. Blackberries come from North Carolina, and apricots from California.
At the openiug of the season this year there was a new disturbing element. It was
reported that Germany had refused American evaporated apples cured on galvanized wire
irays, and that buyers would pay one cent per pound more to those who used wood. As a
■consequence many producers put light ribs of wood over the wire, and the trade in
wire cloth was completely paralyzed. But the price of apples was constantly advancing;
buyers were excited and driving about the country night and day, buj'ing everywhere and
everything that they could find. It was soon rumored that those who had said the most
were putting all into one pile, whether dried on wood or wire. It was found to make it
much more expensive to dry on the wood. All of this caused a general feeling of distrust,
and many took the wood olf ; very few are using it now, and I fail to find that any of
the buyers are doing as they promised about paying more. The general feeling 8<ems
10 be that it was all a hoax on a ruling bj'^ the German government against American
food products in general. But in making a thorough investigation, I nnd that the
«omplaint is well founded in certain cases at least. 1 will quote from thoss who seem
to know.
Mr. P. A. Pincoffs, a member of the firm of Manran, Pincoffs & Co., Chicago,
returned from Europe a few days ago. He spent some time in Germany, and was tiiere
when the question involving the healthfulness of Ameiican evaporated apples was raised
in Hamburg, and says :
The action of the (iennan autlioiitiea iu this que.stion is not due to jealousy or emnity shown by the
fJermaa government in regard to food jiroducts from America. The measure again.'it evaporated api'leM, in
the first place, is not a govermental one ; but ia tak'Wi by the HaniburK local authorities, who cerlainly
would and coald have no possible object in discrimiriatinK^ against American evaporated apples for the
protection of a home industry that does not exist. TIk; factb in the «:iv-se are simply these : A few months
»jro a ca-e of sickne^o occurred in Hamburg', which was aKcribeil to the use of evaporat(-d iipple,s. Thr
board of health, whose duty it is to (jxamine all articles <)f food, thereuj)on took the matter in hand and
♦ixam lied over fifty tons of evaporated apples iu the jtossession of varittus rt-tailers. The result wim that,
on careful chemical analysis, a certain amount of zinc oxide was fovutd in almost everj' lot. In most the
iwrcentiife wa« very smill, 0.004 per ct-nt. and even 0.002 pi'r cent., but in some it amounted to 0. V.\ per
wint. The decision was then promulgated by tln^ city fjovornmeut that all «ivai)()rate 1 apples found to
«oritain zinc or /.ino oxide would bn liable to conii-^cation, and the deah-rs liaiidlini; them subject to peniten-
tiary imprisonment, forHolliu'^ articles harmfid to the h<iilth of consumers. This nn-asuie mit^ho be con-
wid'ire 1 an exatf^erated one, as tiie pi!rcenta(,'e of zinc oxide in !)0 lots out of 100 is inHnit(vsim;illy Htnall and
«annot liarm anybody ; but the fact tliat some zinc oxide has lieen founii iu almost all lots examined htandit
nuo<introverted, and is beyond any doubt -there a foiind.ation exists f<ir the acl.ion taken; it was not &
foelintf atralnst American products, but primarily a feelin^^ of p.itirnal and somewhat vxmi^gnrnltjd anx.ioly
lor tlid Htoinach of (Jermau cotiMUinorH,
A similar case occurred in Anist(!rdaiu four or fiv(; years ago, since which time the
use of evaporated apples in Holland has been falling oil. Mr. E. Myers, a memlxfr of tJie
tiriu of Myers Al Co, produce exchange, N«!W York city, writes me :
The nae <>f j'alvaai/.tHl wire trays hint unipiention.vbly, in iiistarie.eH, left trncen of zinc |M)i»on iu .ipplea,
>nd raiy vaiuly do mo; but we do not lliink huHiciently so to silTict the couKumer'w health, uuIomm, {>eiiia|M,
20
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
by frequent accumulative use. This, however, is more a question for the chemist than for the merchants
The cou'plaints have come ?o far only from Hamburg and Amsterdam merchant^, and tliere the govern-
ment health officers have, in many instancen, actually siezed, analyzed and confiscated the goods and destroyed
them. A merchant thus exposed to actual loss of all the goods that he may buy naturally stops buying, and
as Hamburg has always been far the largest market for American evaporated apples, our export demand
this year up to date (Nov. 17) has been almost nil.
From these quotations you will plainly see that the complaint is not one of national
prejudice or of retaliation, but one of fact that has got to be met and remedied in some
manner. Mr. Myers states that the return to " the use of wooden trays in evaporators,
if general, would restore the business to its former proportions. Any extra cost in evapora-
ting by this method would be readily compensated by the additional price that the goods
would bring. Unless we can find a wire cloth so galvanized that the acid of the fruit
will nob afFe:t it, it is clear that its use must be abandoned sooner or later. The
fruit acid seems to have a close affinity for either lead, tin or zinc, and as one or all of
these are used in covering the wire, it is clear that there mxtst be a resultant trouble.
The manufacturers of a certain grade of wire cloth claim that their silver finish high
grade cloth is proof against the action of the acid. Of course, if it is well covered
with silver, their claim can be sustained ; but it strikes me that such cloth would be
very expensive. The only metals in use that are proof against fruit acid are gold, silver
and platinum. The new metal, alluminum, when it becomes cheap, as prophesied, will
also meet the case. I think I should prefer to use iron wire cloth, as the iron rust
cannot be called a poison, if I must use a wire cloth at all, unless the claims of the silver
finish wire can be relied on, or return to wood altogether. Mr. PincofFs further says :
As the matter now stands, evaporated apples cannot be sold in Hamburg unless the invoices are
accompanied by a chemist's certifijate stating goods to be free from zinc, so that the trade in the article
there can be retained if a change is made in the process of manufacturing. But it may well be feared that
if this change is not made, and further trouble is experienced in diflFerent parts of Germany, the German
government will take the measure in hand, and having a solid argument against the article, will be only
too glad to prohibit its importation into Germany unconditionally.
The following report is made by M, De Lafontaine, a reputable chemist, who has
examined several samples of apples evaporated on zinc trays :
I have investigated the conditions under which ainc and zinc compounds find their way into evapor-
ated apples, and find as follows :
1. The acid of the apple juice combines with some of the zinc of the trays and forms salts of zinc, whicb
remains on the slices.
2. The wires of galvanized iron used to make the trays have received an extra coating of zinc, which,
•asily peels off when the wire is bent and mixes with the fruit.
This is a matter that cannot be passed lightly by. It certainly shows a very
grave state of things. We cannot question the report of the chemists in Hamburg or
Amsterdam, nor should we pass lightly by the report of M. De Lafontaine. If these
apples are poisonous to the Germans of Hamburg or the Dutch of Amsterdam, can you
tell me of any good reason why they should not have the same eflfect on the good people
of Canada and the United States'? If the suggestions of M. De Lafontaine are true, that
it may come from the peeling off of the coating caused by the bending of the wire
in weaving the cloth, then higher finish on the surface will not prove a remedy. It
must be found in some other way,
I trust that manufacturers of evaporated apples will not blind their eyes to these-
facts, and that before another year the use of lead, tin or zinc cloth may be abandoned
for something that will render the taint of poison an impossibility.
After brief addresses by ex-President Allan and Vice-President Morton the meeting-
was adjourned until 10 o'clock Wednesday morning.
21
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
THE QITESTION DRAWER.
On ro-assembling at 10 o'clock on Thursday morning the proceedings were con-
tinued by the discussion of the following questions from the Question Drawer :
THE ONE JUDGE SYSTEM AT FAIRS.
Q. — Is it better to have one judge than three judges at exhibitions 1
Mr. A. McD. Allan. — I would say yes ; it is better to have one judge or two
iudgea than three, for when there are three they stand in each other's way. Where
<^^here are three judges there is a strong temptation to shift responsibility of unsatisfac-
tory decisions from one to the other, but no man will undertake the duties of a sole judge
unleM he feels himself fully competent to do the work. I prefer two judges to three,
because, where there are only two, the judgment must be unanimous. In my own depart-
ment I would far rather judge alone than with two assistants ; for my experience has
been that they are anything but assistants.
Mr. Elliott agreed with Mr. Allan that the one judge system was preferable, and
had been tried with most satisfactory results by the Union Society of North and South
Essex. Re was not in favor of two judges.
Mr. Willard, of Geneva, N. Y., said that in his part of New York they had
always adhered to the three-judge system, but he was free to admit that the one-judge
system would have many advantages, provided the person could be found who was will-
ing to accept the whole responsibility.
President Lyon, of the Michigan Horticultural Society, said that with them the
one-judge system practically prevailed, although it was the custom to appoint an
assistant who had local knowledge to guide him on some necessary points. The real
responsibility, however, rested with the one judge, the aim being to put the judging in
the hands of a known expert.
Mr. Wilson, of Chatham, agreed with what had been said in favor of the one-
judge system. Under the prevailing plan the only man competent to judge an exhibit
might for local or other reasons be outvoted by the other two judges, who really were
not competent, and this was a deterrent to really competent men when asked to act.
Mr. Read, secretary of the Michigan Horticultural Society, said he had seen the
one-judge system in operation at county fairs, and had heard no more complaints than
when there were two or three judges. He coincidec in the view thut one expert was
much better than three non-experts, or one expert and two non-experts whose judgment
might weigh the former down. He thought it a very good plan to have one expert
judge assisted by some one of local experience to help him in some matters.
Piesident Lyon stated that at the exhibition referred to by Mr. Read they had
secured the services of three judges, tliinking they would find an abundance of work
each by himself, but there seemed to be a tendency on the part of those gentlemen
inst^^ad of dividing the work to go on and throw part of the responsibility on each other,
although that was not at all the pur])08e of the society.
FRUIT ROOMS AND STORAGE OF FRUIT.
The following paper was read by T. T. Lyon, of South Haven, Mich., President of
tJie Michigan Horticultural Society :
1 hen; an^ two, in sonu; re8|iectH, distinct purposes for which fruit r<'tai(iing arrange-
ments are more or less enjployed. That to which wo will iirst give attention is for the
temporary holding of the earlier and more perisliable fruits. These, owing to their very
perishable character, can ordy be retarded for a coniparativfily .short period ; and
experience had developed the fact that even with the arrest, of dticay the fl ivor deterior-
ates more or less rapidly, so that lilthi or nolliing is to l)ii gained l)y more than a very
tcniporary holding of such.
22
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The process, whether with early or long keeping fruits, consists in keeping them in
an equable, moderately dry condition, a few degrees above the freezing point. This low
tem])eiature may be produced by different methods, although it is usually secured by
the use of ice, in a room with double walls, ceiling and floor, packed between with dry
sawdust or other cheap non-conducting substance, or by the use of what are known as
■dead air chambers.
Since the waimer air is always found in the upper part of the room, the ice box is
placed there ; and since the gaseous results of decay are heavier than atmospheric air,
the opening, if any, ))rovided for their removal should be placed very near the door of
the room. The ice box will necessarily be the coldest object in the room, for which
reason any excess of moisture in the air of the room will be condensed upon it, and this
will the more readily occur if its surface is of metal. It must therefore be supplied
with the means of collecting such condensed moisture, together with the drip from the
ice, and carrying the same outside the building ; the discharge pipe should be provided
with a trap to prevent the admi.«sion of the warmer air from without.
The fruits to be held should be in as perfect a condition as possible ; rather under
than over ripe ; and may be in moderate sized packages, or placed directly upon shelves.
Bruised or decayed fruits should be rigorously excluded. Such arrangement will be
found useful also for the preservation of perishable culinary and other articles.
The arrangements for the preservation of the longer keeping fruits differ from the
ioregoing mainly in dispensing with the use of ice ; and, instead, securing the needful
low temperature by employing a system of ventilation, by means of which the outer air
may be admitted, when its temperature is low enough for the purpose, excluding it at
other times. The fruit should be gathered with the utmost care, when not over ripe,
all bruised or decayed specimens excluded, and the packages placed at once in the
retarding house, the temperature of the same having been already reduced as low as
practicable by opening the ventilators during cold nights and closing them before a rise
of the outer temperature. The effect of this will be to avoid the continuance of the
ripening process consequent upon the comparatively warm weather which so frequently
occurs after fruits are gathered, bringing the fruit thus treated down to the tinal advent
of winter, slightly if at all changed from its concition when gathered — an important
point gained, especially in the more southerly portions of the apple growing regions of
our country.
A building for this purpose may be constructed of cheap material, if only the work
of packing or insulating be so thoroughly done as to effectively avoid circulation of air,
save when admitted through the system of ventilation.
Admission to the room should be through double doors, and light should be
admitted only when needful in conducting operations.
Fresh air is admitted through a passage from beneath at some central point in the
fruit room which should draw its supply from the free outside atmosphere, and should
be susceptible of being easily and tightly closed at pleasure. This passage should
extend to near the ceiling, admitting the Incoming air only at that point ; which will
thus displace the warmer air which will have ri.sen to that position.
Carbonic acid and other products of decay will, if present, occupy the lower por-
tions of the room. To insure the removal of these the pipe for the discharge of the
outgoing air should start from near the ffoor, passing up through the attic and above the
roof, but with its principal opening at cr near the ceiling, to be used for the removal of
the warmer air, when the temjierature is to be reduced. These passages also should be
kept tightly closed, except during the process of ventilation.
If both air ducts are opened when the contained air is warmer than the outer
atmosphere, the warmer air will pass freely upward and be as freely replaced by the
«*ooler air from the lower duct. This process will continue till the temperatures within
and without the room are equalised.
It may, however, become desirable to change the air of the preservatory when the
temperatures are such that a spontaneous movement of the air cannot occur. To
provide for such necessity the upper ventilating duct should be of metal — ordinary sheet
23
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
iron will suffice — and in the attic a sheet iron jacket may be placed around it, in which
a light fire may be Vmilt, the he it of which will at once occasion the draft sought, and
the air of the room below be rapidly changed as heretofore described.
Fruit may be stoned in sUch rooms in common barrels, which may be piled one upon
another, when the vacant spaces will be ample for the circulation of air when needful
for the purpose of ventilation or change ; or it ra\y be stored in open bins, in which c^se
the bottoms should be of slats, with ventilating spaces between, and an open space left
for the free p:<ssage of air between the bins and the floor, as well as between the bins.
In the case of small lots, or of specimen fruits, they mxy hi spread or placed in shallow-
piles, upon shelves or tables, so as to be open to convenient examination when desired.
A large building of this character will be the more easily maintained at the proper
temperatuie, since the greater bulk of air will vary in temperature more slowly in
response to the changes without.
In localities in which the winters are so steadily cold that there is liability of the
temperature being reduced to the danger point without the opportunity to avoid it by
renewal, the air may be introduced through an und'Tgroucd passajie well below the frost
line, and a change of air thus safely elfectt d even in the coldest weather.
Fiuit exposed to a dry atmosphere is more or less inclined to shrivel and become
tough and leathery, as well as to lose flavor. This is especially true of the Russets.
For this reason a moist condition of the confined air is found preferable, since in such
atmo.-phere fruit loses little if any of its moisture.
The Michigan fruit shown at the opening of the Centennial Exposition at Phila-
delphia in May, 1876, which at the time attracted unusual attention, had befn largely
kept in a building of this character. ^Vhen placed upon the tables it had undergone so
little chaTige that even the stems in most cases were still fresh and green.
The freezing of apples dots not occur till the temperature has fallen several degrees
below the freezing point of water, nevertheless it is claimed that the best resultvS are
realised in teujperatures somewhat above that point.
The more limited operations of farm orchardists, as well as the large class of smaller
•omraercial growers, call for arrangements of less elaborate and expensive character than
those already described.
With the great majority of these the cellar is the chief reliance for the storage of
long keeping fruits. This, however, can only be rendered satisfactory for the storage of
winter fruits I y devoting it wholly to such purpose, to the total exclusion of vegetables
and other articles liable to infect the confined air with foreign odors; and by such
ventilating arrangements as shall suffice for the maintenance of the needful low and
constant temperature. If preferred a portion only of the cellar may be devoted to such
purpose, and partitioned off V)y a brick or stone wall, all the better if douV)le. If located
beneath rooms artificially warmed, precaution will be necessary against the transmission
of warmth to the cellar below.
The most convenient and effective device for the amateur or family to be devoted to
the temporary storage of summer and autumn fruits, for ripening, testing and occasional
retarding for short periods, would be a room, either within or separate from the residence,
constructed upon the principles and (excepting the ice) with the fixtures already
indicat<;d, in which fiuits can be placwl either in packages or upon shelves, the latter
>>eiiig preferabif, when the specimens are for testing, and which for that reason require
frequent examination.
To those, however, who provide for a siipply of ice during the warm season, a
simple, fimall room or cupboard built within the ice house, with admission from without,
through double doers, will be found effective and Katisfactory for the hoUling of summer
fruits, the preservation of specimens for fairs, and othc r kindred purposes, as well as for
the j)ieservation of various domestic products.
Mr. A. McD. Aixan — I do not know of any subject that could more appropriately
be brought before fruit growers and shippers than that on which Presiflcnt Ijyon's paper
tfealB, and the pointH contained in the paper are those whieh it is absolutely eearnfcial
24
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
that every grower and shipper should have a knowledge of. The shipper is interested,
because he wants to get that fruit in the very highest condition of perfection for ship-
ping, and he cannot get it in that condition unless it is stored under the circumstances
mentioned in the paper just read. I would therefore very rauch like that growers would
carefully study and observe the principles laid down in it, because by doing so they will
be improving their own interests as well as those of the shippers and the country at
large. The subject is a most important one and should receive the attention of all fruit
growers.
Mr. Garfield — I would like to know if there is any means of getting rid of the
surplus moisture in case we want to preserve products to be kept dry. In the case of
apples, I understand it is better if the atmosphere is a little moist, but if we were going
to use the same storage room for squashes or onions we would desire the atmosphere kept
continuously dry. How are we going to get rid of that moisture ?
President Lyon — There is a great deal of matter that mi<iht have been introduced
into the paper which was left out, partly because it was thought it would serve to excite
discussion in which those points would arise, and also that it might not be of too great
length. In answer to Mr. Garfield, I may say there was an arrangement such as I have
described for gathering the condensed moisture, and the room was kept dry by just that
simple process. The ice box was so arranged that all the moisture as it dropped down
was caught and carried away, and the air of the room certainly was very satisfactory.
Mr. Garfield — My question referred to that style of rooms wheie they do not use-
ice, where, when you let in air, you let in moisture, and when you keep the air there
still, there are exhalations from the onions or squashes which fill the air. Is there some
way of bringinsr that out ?
President Lyon — I do not know whether there is anything better than the practice
of having substances in the room that will absorb the excessive moisture. Of course
that absorption can be carried to any extent that is desirable. I believe that the refiTse
of salt making is used for that purpose, and has the property of absorbing moisture with
great rapidity.
PEACH GROWING FOR PROFIT.
The President then called upon Mr. James F. Taylor, of Douglas, Michigan, to read
a paper on " Peach Growing for Profit."
This subject may have reference to the great peach belts of our country, where the
•ultivation of this fruit forms the leading industry, or it may only include those smaller
districts where a few hundred trees are grown in connection with the grain products of
the farm. There are small peach belts, of a few acres in various localities, well adapted
to the successful cultivation of this fruit. This is especially true where the surface of
the country is broken by hills and ravines. Ridges of land that run well up above the
rivers and plains and swamps are often exempt from the coldest extremes of winter and
the severest frosts of spring. If these ridges and hills have a porous subsoil they are all
the better adapted to the growing of peach trees that will produce an abundance of fruit.
In selecting a situation for a peach orchard it is desirable to avoid veiy frosty
localities. The air currents which seem to keep up a constant motion in an undulating
country, often afford protection from injury when all other devices fail. Perhaps severe
frosts, late in the spring, after the fruit buds begin to develop are more fatal to peach
culture than the coldest days of winter. On this account localities should be selected
where the fruit buds will not be too much influenced by the warm days of early spring
time. Sheltered localities therefore like the south side of woodlands, are not often de-
sirable. An open exposure is preferable, so that the cold winds of spring time may retard
all tendency to growth until danger from frost is over. Special reference should also be
had to character of the soil and its preparation for trees. A very strong soil is always to
be avoided. Loam, i-and and gravel mixtures are preferable to clay. Peach wood seems
to be much more capable of resisting cold when it is brought to maturity by a slow
25
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
growth. This can only be secured by a soil that is moderately productive and somewhat
|>orous in its nature. On such a soil clover sod plowed under in the autumn or early
spring and well fitted for corn will be in good condition for planting peach trees.
The trees may be planted 16, 18, or 20 ft. apart each way. If the land is strong
20 ft. is not too far, as the trees become more spreading and do not grow so high. With
peach trees corn should be planted for two years with good cultivation. After this rye
or buckwheat may be sowed and plowed under to good advantage. Cultivation should
continue year after year as thoroughly as for a crop of corn. Peach trees will not bear
neglect and give good results. During every dry season cultivation should be continued
until the middle or last of August. After the trees begin to bear fruit, fertilisers may
be used to good advantage on any soil, and on all light or thin soils they are a necessity.
The tree that bears good fruit must be fed or it can not feed others. The best varieties
for these isolated orchards aie doubtless the old standard sorts that have been tested in
all parts of the country. With these some new ones are coming to the front to make the
list about as follows for continuous ripening : — Lewis' Seedling, Crane's Yellow, Early
Barnard, Jacque's Rare Ripe, Hills Chili and Smock. Some other varieties we think
equally good, but this list is long enough for a beginner. Before planting a peach tree
it should be trimmed to a whip and cut back to 3 or 4 feet in length. In trimming cut
the limbs about one-half inch irom the body of the tree so that buds hidden there may
not be injured. During the summer after planting superfluous sprouts may be taken oflf
or pinched back from time to time as they appear. In this way trees become shapely
■without severe pruning. The cultivation of a peach orchard is never complete, unless a
thorough search for borers is made once or twice a year.
When the fruit sets full it should be thinned out by hand picking. This work can
Ijegin on the early varieties, when the fruit is about like your finger ends, and continued
on the later varieties until all have been gone over. When the fruit sets uniformly over
the tree it should be thinned out to 3 or 4 inches apart on every limb. Good results can
not otherwise be secured.
When the crop is abundant great care must be exercised in marketing in order to
secure good results. Peaches are always of better quality when ripened on the tree, and
the nearer they can be brought to this condition before they are picked for market the
more they will be appreciated by the purchaser. These small orchards, scattered over
the country, as good locations otfer, will commonly find their most remunerative market
near at home. If the price is low in these markets at first it can be reached without
middle men, and as the well ripened fruit is presented year after year it will be more
and more desired by all who see it. For the home market peaches may remain on the
tree until they are well ripened, but for long shipments no soft specimens should go into
the package. Peaches should be handled about us carefully as you would handle eggs.
Pouring them from one basket or box into another, as you would potatoes or even apples,
is highly injurious, even if the injury is at first invisible. It is therefore desirable to
pack them for market where they are grown. Pecks, halves and bushels may be used to
advantage in this traffic according to the kind of market and quality of fruit you wish to
put upon it.
With this brief outline we think no one will be at a loss to improve his oppor-
tunities for peach culture in a way that will be healthful to the digestive organs of his
customers and remunerative to his own purse.
Thfi net reHults of peach culture in any locality are variable to an extent that can
not easily be dciirK d. The cstiiiiate may be made by the tree, or the acre, or the orchard,
and in any case be misleading as to the results during a series of yrais. If a tree fiv«
years old produces one bushel of marketable fruit, which would bo a reasonablo estimate,
we Blill have th<; wide variation of prices that come from an abundant or short crop.
The actual results therefoie are similar to other branches of horticulture and husbandry ;
sometimes good and sometiineH not so good, but where Nature nerves the kindly turn of a
congenial clirnatf; the careful and judicious cultivator of peaches seldom fail.s of a suitable
reward for his labor. The most favored localities are not richly lewarded every year, but
wherever the trees and buds can endure the climate there is always great encouragement
t'j plant the tr<HiS and gather tne fruit.
26
■54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
At the end of his paper Mr. Taylor continued speaking as followi : "When there is
-a surplus, if the fruit is properly handle!, it is very seldom the net returns would not be
-equal to one dollar a bushel — I ana speakin^ of a very abundant year. Peaches are now-
being used through the country wherever they can be produced to an extent that justifies
their production wherever there are facilities for their transportation. Rapid trans-
portation is very desirable when the crop is large. When the crop is small of course
the prices run high, as has been the case this year, two, three, four and five dollars per
bushel according to quality and the condition in which the fruit was placed upon the
market. But we do not regard $3 and $5 as standard prices, because it is only occa-
sional years that we have not a sufficiently abundant crop to enable us to reduce the
price below those figures. I have not written anything in regard to the yellows, not
knowing whether you would care to hear anything about it. I have been asked by
<liflerent members whether we have the yellows, and I will just reply to that in a few
words, and then I shall be very happy to answer any questions you may desire to ask.
We have had the yellows. They commenced first in my place in 1877. I had two or
three trees affected that year, and through not fully appreciating the disease at that
time, and having my attention drawn away by other work, they were not cut until after
the fruit had ripened. I had only about three hundred trees at that time, but the next
year forty of them were affected. These trees were green and fresh in leaf as any orchard
could possibly be, showing no change of color in the leaf or growth of the tree, but when
the time had nearly come for the fruit to ripen it showed that peculiar red that is
familiar to everyone that has ever had any fruit aflected by yellows. We cut out the
forty trees, and the next year we had six, and since that year we have not found the
yellows in our orchard at all. A neighbor of mine, in the year in which we cut forty,
cut three hundred trees, and for several years past he has not had more than an occa-
sional tree. That is the history of the disease in my imme diate vicinity, in a district of
country several miles wide and loeg. In other localities where, instead of cutting the
trees, they persisted in trying by various means to doctor them, hoping to cure them of
the disease, it continued to exist, and spread. Now the growers are so thoroughly con-
vinced of the necessity of taking out every tree that shows sign of the yellows that there
is no objection to that cour.se at all. We have commissioners whose duty it is to see
that affected trees are cut out. I was one of the commissioners for my township for six
years, beginning with 1878, and so I made myself familiar with the spread of the disease
in that locality, and with its curtailment from that time down to the present, and the
young orchards in our vicinity for the last six or seven years do not show any symptoms
of yellows at all.
President Lyon. — What would you do in the case of a single peach on a tree show-
ing 6ymj)toms, while the rest were sound ; would you simply cut away the branch ?
Mr. Taylor. — I have occasionally heard of cases where men saved the tree by cut-
ting off the limb, but I have never found any such instance myself. I had an Early
Orawford, one limb of which, about the size of a hoe handle, showed the disease, and f
was not willing to risk it and we took the tree out. I think there are few who will
contend that the disease has not already taken hold of a tree that shows it on one peach
this year sufficiently to develop it on a large part of the tree the next year. I have seen
a man who had one limb or one side of a tree which forms principally in two branches
affected by the disease, and it was cut off and the other side ripened healthy fruit, but
next year the remaining side had the yellows just as badly as the first, and that experi-
ence has been repeated .so often within my personal knowledge that I would not risk one
branch on a tree, even if it was not larger than a pipe-stem. Peach trees at the piesent
time only cost a few cents, and it is better to put in a new tree than run any risk of the
disease spreading in the orchard.
The Secretary. — Do you think it can be carried by pruning tools 1 Is care neces-
sary with regard to the use of the pruning knife t
Mr. Taylor. — That is one of the f)oints that has been a great deal talked of, but I
^m not in possession of any certain knovvledge either way, as to whether it is carried by
27
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. V2). A. 1891
the tools, or if it is necessary to use any acid or anything of that kind on them. It
might be necessary if the pruning were done when the tree was in liow of sap, but our
trimming is done early in the spring, if possible before the sap begins to flow.
A Member. — Do you burn the trees as well as cut them out ?
Mr. Taylor. — Our law requires the burning of the tree. The year we cut so many
trees we were particular to pick up the fruit and give it to the pigs, but my orchard was-
so thickly planted that it was impossible to carry out the trees without brushing the
other trees, so I left them until the fruit was picked, und then we destroyed trees and
all. "We did not take out the root?, however, until our fall work was finished, and then
we dug out all the stumps. Where that is done there is no trouble at all. We regard
the burning of the trees, after cutting, as an essential part of the work.
A Member. — Would you plant new trees in the places where the old ones came out t
Mr. Taylor. — We have done that with good success, as far as any yellows were
•oncerned ; there has been no effect as far as the yellows were concerned. You
all know, however, that there is a difficulty in starting a young tree surrounded
with old ones. If your trees are sixteen or eighteen feet apart the roots of the-
old trees so occupy the ground as to take the life out of the soil, and a young tree
may fail the second year from causes entirely apart from the yellows ; that is the only
difliculty we have had in that line. I know of perfectly healthy trees, bearing fruit,,
which were planted in places where other trees affected by yellows were taken out;.
Professor Panton. — What has been your experience in planting the pits of diseased
peaches ?
Mr. Taylor. — I have cracked many of them to see if there was anything there to-
jrrow ; I ihink when the fruit is thorougely diseased there is no meat in the pit to grow.
Where a tree is diseased on only one side the pits of the fruit from the other side might
grow, and it is just possible that if those pits were already infected with the virus of the
yellows it might be injurious.
A Member. — At what season of the year do you plow in the buckwheat?
Mr. Taylor. — There is a two-fold object in plowing under buckwheat, one is to-
get the vegetable matter under to fertilise the soil, and the other to counteract the
working of the cut-worm. Buckwheat seems to be one of the crops the moth of the cut-
worm does not like, and the more we sow buckwheat that way the less trouble we have
•with the cut-worm,
A Member. — Don't you find that your late cultivation is very apt to induce a late
growth, leaving your trees and buds in a tender condition for the winter, and so liable
to winter-kill ?
Mr. Taylor. — The error in peach cultivation is the other way. My experience is
that the cultivation of a peach orchard ought to bo late enough in the season so that the
fruit buds will not ripen before about the middle of September. Stop cultivating in
July, and on ordinary dry soils tho leaves will show ripening in August and tunr yellow.
As the leaves ripen the fruit buds for next year begin to develop and show. Suppose
we have a warm September, these fruit Vjuds will enlarge all through tho fall if it is
warm. Now if the growth is kept up on these trees until the 1st of Se])teinber, if it is a
dry seafion especially, cultivation is desirable, and if they have fruit more d''sirable still,
because the quantity of fruit and dryness of the soil will produce earlier ripening of the
wood. After the wood is once ripened tho nature of the peach, if the soil is warm-
enough, is to start again. A December like the present continued on through -January
would bring out peach buds on the lake hhore altogether too early. W(i have had one
such season since I have been on the shore in twenty years, when tho peach blossomed
on the 10th of April — the only Eeason in the twenty years when the peach has blos-
somed })efore the 10th of May. The trees did well enough, only the cold winds and'
rains of May stopped the growth of the tree and the I'luit for a W( c.k or ten days. Then
it came warm again, and the new growth thn^w off not only leaves but fruit that year.
The dani;»i:;e done in that way induced a number of men to go to extremcH in cultivation.
if up to the ruiddle of July we get continuous wet w(!ather, let the cultivation be cautioua
28
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
•from time to time, but if diy weacher continues do not be afraid to continue until you
are pretty sure the dry seasoti is over. We must keep up moisture by cultivation if we
■cannot get it from the clouds.
A Member. — What implement do you use for cultivating 1
Mr. Taylor. — My own practice is to plow the orchard once every season ; near
the tree we use a one horse plow, and back from the rows either a gang plow or a
single plow set very shallow, not more than four inches deep.
The Secretary. — What style of package do you use in Michigan ?
Mr. Taylor. — We have tried almost every style that has been on the market. For
a number of years past the successful package is a round basket with what we call a
railroad cover. Then in our immediate vicinity we have the four-basket crate of slats,
with a slat cover on top to hold the four together. During the last two years the long
leasket with a handle has become quite popular; the commission men in Chicago are pre-
ferring that one very much, and we may be obliged to adopt it.
The Secretary. — I have just a word or two to say regarding the distance apart of
peach trees. Mr. Taylor puts the distance at twenty feet. That was the distance at
■which we originally planted our old orchard, but of late I have been planting about
twelve feet, and by careful pruning I keep the tree in a bushy form. I find this distance
to be quite far enough apart, especially in view of the danger of losing the trees by
yellows. It seems advisable to keep our ground more closely occupied and the trees
severely pruned. We have all noticed where we have neglected to prune the peach tree,
that it runs out very long arms, with all the fruit on the straggling ends of long branches,
and of course they occupy more ground than is necessary. I think the mode of pruning
1 speak of not only keeps the tree in better health, but we get a greater number of fresh
joung shoots and more fruit. Then in regard to fertilisers, I have been using wood
ashes altogether for my peach orchard, and I have been exceedingly pleased with the
result. I believe it aflects the color and size, and perhaps the flavor of the fruit. So
much is this the case that I daresay some of you have noticed that ixi Massachusetts it is
claimed by Mr. Hale that muriate of potash is a specific cure for yellows, which, however,
'we have very great doubts about.
A Member. — What time of the year do you prune?
The Secretary. — I prune in March or early in April, before the growth begins.
Professor Panton. — What quantity of ashes do you apply '(
The Secretary. — At least half a bushel of unleached ashes to a tree yearly. Tk«
«oil is sandy loam.
A Member. — Do you keep ashes close up to the trees 1
The Secretary, — No, decidedly not ; we scatter them on the ground under the troei,
«out nearly as far as the limbs extend. Then with regard to thinning the fruit. I
believe, though I never can find time just at the period of the year, that judicious prun-
ing and shortening of the ends of the bearing wood early in the spring, and thinning out
all the sickly wood, will accomplish that object as well as any other way.
A Member. — What ia the beat time of the year to look for the grubs of the Peack
Borer f
Mr. Taylor. — As soon as the frost is out of the ground in spring', so that you can d*
it conveniently, and then during the summer just before the eggs are deposited agai»
for the new crop. If whitewash is used with some carbolic acid it is likely to keep thost
away.
A Member. — We have always looked for borers about the month of June.
Mr. Taylor. — Well, I think I should take a little later time than that, because &•
long as the insects are flying aiound depositing eggs in the bark of the tree it is hardljr
worth while to go around and pick them out. But if gone over at that time with a
Ijrush great u,ood will be accomplished in keeping them away. I would sooner go around a
little later than that, before much damage is done. I think if you wait until late fall
much damage is done.
The Secretary. — It is simply an egg that is deposited in June, and you could not
tind the egg at that season.
29
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 189T
Mr. Taylor. — As soon as they begin to do damage the sap that oozes out will form
a gum around the tree, and then you may be sure there is something wrong about it, and
the more gum there is the greater the damage, because it shows the tree has been more
severely injured — the tirst little indication shows that there is something wrong. If you
lind a little hole tiace it right down with the point of a knife.
The Seckktary. — With regard to the borer, I think the best way is to keep him
out altogether. It is a great deal of trouble to go over a peach orcha'-d and hunt out the
borer after the breeding season. I think most of the gentlemen present are aware thac
the moth deposits the eggs in the months of June, July and August, and that the egg is-
deposited about the surface of the ground, in order thac the grub may find its way into-
the root, which is the tender part, and where it most delights to live and work its mis-
chief. Now, if Ave can prevent the moth from reaching that part of the tree we shall
save the tree and save ourselves considerable hunting for the grub, and even when we do
hunt they sometimes escape us. I have found it the simplest and easiest plan to put a
bank of earth around the trees, which can be done by a man with a spade very rapidly.
By doing this about the first of June or earlier the moth is entirely beaten. If the egg
is deposited in the dry bark of the peach tree higher up it will do little or no injury. I.
have had very little trouble with the burer &ince I adopted this method.
Mr. F. W. Wilson. — Would that work all right with apple trees too?
The Secretary. — No, because the borer can work anywhere in the apple tree.
A Member. — Is not the eflfect of heaping the earth around the tree in the way you-
describe, to make the l)ark tender, and will not the grub be able to work on it there ?-
The Secretary. — I have never found it work in that way.
Mr. Caston. — How would it do to wash the tree with some alkaline solution? I da
not know how it \vould work with peach trees, but it is a very effective remedy with the-
borer in apple trees.
Mr. McMiohael. — I had a three-acre orchard of Northern Spy apples ba,nkett'
around, and in the spring the frost or rain had made a little trough, and I nearly lost
gome trees ; they turned black in si)ots.
The Secretary. — If the mound of earth is put closely around the tree and packedi
close to the trunk I think it would shed the water. I do not think you could have had
it packed closely.
Mr. Taylor. — I would like to say something about that banking up, because we have-
practised it. You take a peach tree in its second or third year, it has quite a top, with
pretty heavy foliage, and a tree that is banked up will sway in the wind until at last it
make.4 a little cavity around the trunk which forms a very nice place for water or any-
thing of that kind to lodge in, and necessitates* re-banking before the ground is frozen..
We have had our trees barked at the bottom from swaying against the frozen ground..
We have also had that cavity tilled up with water running down the tree, when ice-
would form there ; and many of our growers find there is considerable ri.sk in banking
peach trees if they allow the banking to stand during the fall and winter. If the borers
are looked after during the summer months, and kept out until the tree gets large and
the bark hard, there is not much dilliculty after that in keeping them out ; they don't
have much effect on a tree eight or ten years old. It is while the tree is young that-
there is trouble in kef-ping them off.
The President. — Mr. Woolverton's plan is to bank in the spring, and that obviat<ia.
the dilliculty with frost in the winter.
(2UE.STIUN.S ON PEACH Ct'LTURK.
(l) What li.st of six kinds pay best in the county of Essex?
Mr. Mitchell (Leamington). — I may say tiie borer is one of the greatest troubles we
have in this section of the country, and I have coine to the conclusion -though I have
never tri«-d it — to tal<«! a pi(!CH of stoviipipc or sheet iron and put it around a hoe or
rake handle until it is tight and then spring it and put it around the tree, and as chc
tree grows the pipe will expand with its growth.
30
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The Secretary. — I might mention here that a firm in Hamilton have prepared wire
eloth especially for that purpose, and I believe it would work very well.
The President. — What varieties are cultivated here?
Mr. JMiTCHELL (Leamington). — Well, the Crawford is a very line peach, but it does
not yield enough returns. I think the Smock is one of the best, but Reeve's Favorite is
one of the finest and most productive I have ever planted. Almost every variety succeeds
where I live. Good cultivation is one of the principal objects in getting good peaches ; I
do not believe in putting a crop in the ground, but in plowing it.
The Secretary. — Why don't you grow the Old Mixon]
Mr. Mitchell — Because it is so unprofitable ; if we get a dozen oft a tree it is the
outside in a gooJ year, and two years out of three we don't get any.
The President. — Can you give us any idea of the extent of peach growing in your
locality ?
Mr. Mitchell. — I know one gentleman who has 18,000 trees. He must have
picked this year in one week about 2,400 baskets of one variety. I think he averaged
about 400 hundred baskets a day of one variety. It was originated, or he got it, near
Ridgetown. It is a yellow peach of very good flavor, and with a small pip ; medium
early, ripening a little after the Early Crawford. It is called the Tyhursl Seeding.
The President. — Would you advise anyone planting a peach orchard to plant iti
Mr. Mitchell. — Most decidedly I would.
Mr. Elliott. — Has anyone else got it .'
Mr. Mitchell. — No, unless he has let them ; no one has it in bearing, The gentle-
man I speak of has shipped peaches from his place by the car load.
Mr. Baldwin (Essex). — I commenced by propagating seedlings from a tree. Some
of my neighbors told me I could not propagate the Crawford from the seed, but I can
show as fine Crawfords in my orchard as can be seen anywhere propagated from that tree.
I have the tree the last speaker tried to describe (Tyhurst's Seeding). It is a very
profitable tree to have in an orchard, and will produce itself from the seed. 1 find I can
derive more protit from my own trees tnan from those I buy from nurserymen. I have
the Waterloo, the Early Canada, the Shomacker, Alexander and several other varieties.
BEST VARIETIES OF PEACHES FOR NIAGARA DISTRICT.
The President. — I see I am down on this subject, and I may say we grow there as
a standard the Crawford. The question asketl is, The best six varieties. We would take
for early the Alexander, or it does not matter much if we take one of those others, the
Schomacker or Early Canada. That is our first peach, and the Early Rivers is our
second. Then after Crawford's Early I think a good deal of the Wager, which comes in
immediately afterwards, and is a profitable peach. After that we have a local peach
called the liowslaugh, a very fair peach, and one of the surest of any we have for a crop
in that locality, I think. The Late Crawford is a good peach when we can get it, but
in a great many localities it is a poor bearer. I have been very favorably impressed
during the last season with a peach about which I think our friend Mr. Wiilard, of
Geneva, N. Y., can tell us something. It is called Steven's Rare Ripe ; it is the Old-
mixon over again, but a week or ten days later, and, with me, a much better bearer.
The Wheatland is considered first-class when we can get it.
A Member. — What about the Foster ?
The President. — The Foster is similar to the Early Crawford ; it would i>\iz,z\e some
folks to tell the difference, though it has generally a little rounder form and higher
color.
A Member. — Could you detect the difference between it and the Wheatland ?
The President. — I think I could
Mr. WiLLARD. — Steven's Rare Ripe is an old peach, and yet a comparatively new
one. The results attained by a gentleman on the Hudson river in producing that peach
were so wcmderful that it attracted considerable attention. I think the peach was
noticed twenty years ago, but, like many other good things, it has been lost sight of
31
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
until now. It is sufficient for me to say that the greatest returns I have ever read of
were obtained fiorn that peach on the Hudson river, and it has been orrowin<f in favor
very rapidly. It is a late peach, coming in just before the Smock — a large, tine white-
rieshed peach, usually red on one side and very productive, and the fruit-bud seems to be
hardy. We had a very tine crop of them this year, which we sold in BulFalo at 85 cents
to $1 per peck basket. You can judge from that how it is received in the market. It
is becoming with us, or has already become, one of the standard varieties. The quality
is good and people want it ; it is a free-stone entirely.
Rev. C. N. Matthews ( Kings ville). — What about Hynes' Surprise?
Mr. WiLLARD — I think I was the first in New York to grow it. All 1 have to say
is that it is all that it is claimed to be. We have marketed two crops and sold them at;
very satisfactory prices. It is one of those early peaches following the Rivers that is
absolutely a freestone — something it is difficult to get. Hynes' Surprise is absolutely a
freestone.
A Member. — Do you ripen the Catawba grape where you are I
Mr. WiLLARD. — Yes ; we have ripened the Catawba grape at Gpueva.
EXPERIENCE IN PEAR CULTURE..
The President called on Mr. J. K. McMichael, of Waterford, Out., to give a paper'
on his Experience in Pear Culture.
About twenty-five years ago, while we were planting a plot of three acres with
Northern Spy apple trees, we set in one corner of the orchard a dozen pear trees. The
soil is a sandy loam, slightly facing to the south. We had a variety of six or seven
kinds in our group of pear trees. The best return we have had in profit from any on*
of the trees, has been from a seedling grafted with Bartletts about seventeen years ago.
The Winter Nelis proved to be a shy bearer and an uncouth tree, but free from blight.
A tine Howell tree blighted badly nine or ten years after being planted, and the whole
top had to be taken oti' to the trunk ; some sprouts grew, however, and the tree now is
one of the largest in the group, producing fine, saleable fruit. Two trees of the Early
Harvest were fine growers, maturing heavy crops of fruit, but not giving satisfactory
returns in cash ; they were, ten years ago, grafted with Bartletts, and are producing larg*
yields of first class fruit. Clapp's Favorite has been a fine growing tree, giving a quan-
tity of large No. 1 pears ; but the past sea.son it was severely blighted. In this plot, by
jjlanting trees from the nursery, we have not bieen successful with either the Bartlett or
Flemish Beauty, but the fruit has rarely been aflected with a fungus.
In Plot 2 the soil is limestone and sand, and gently slopes to the south. In 1871
we planted in one corner of this orchard tifty pear trees. Two or three of the varieties
weie sadly disappointing when they gave a return in fruit. Instead of the order as sent
to the nursery being tilled and returned true to name, 1-he nurserymen claimed and took
the right to substitute other similar kinds to the ones in the older, when they did not
have the varieties ordered in stock. The consequence was that some of the substituted
▼arieties were worthless in the locality sent. The Bartlett trees planted in this soil
made but a small growth. The fruit has been mostly free from blemish, and a fair-
aized sample. The Flemish Beauty shows a fair growth of tree, but the fruit is con.sid-
erably blotched, and in size and (juality is No. 2. The Lawrence is a poor growing tree,
and yitdda a small (quantity of fruit oi medium samph;. Clapp's Favorite is a large, fine
growing tree, with heavy crops of lirst-class truit, but is blighted Imdiy. Beurn; Bosc is
a fair growing tree with very heavy crops of large No. 1 fruit. Beurre D'Anjou, a fin«
tree but a sliy bearer.
Plot '6 is located on the north side of a somewhat sharp-sloping ridgo running east
and w«'Ht. The uppir side of tlie field is a sandy loam, and the lower side clay. Formerly
the land was very wet from spring water oozing out above the clay, but .since undrr
draining the land has been very ])rnductive. in tliis plot we planted 100 Bartletts, HI*
t'Ltiiuiuii Beauty and a few each of halfa-dozcn other varieties, maJiing a total of 164
32
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
pear trees. For a few years we found it necessary to cut oft" a part of the year's growth,
to keep the trees in shape, and the fruit, especially that of the i3artletts, was remarkably
line. At this time a part of tlie orchard was severely stricken with tire blight. In the
south-west corner of the orchard stood a large apple tree which was very badly diseased
with twig blight, and to the north-east fioni the apple tree, across the pear orchard,
nearly every tree was apparently almost ruined with blight. We removed the apple
tree and burned the di.seased portion of it. From the pear trees we sawed off all the
affected limbs below the discoloring of the bark and burned them. The trunks and
remaining limbs of the trees then received a coating of raw linseed oil. Similar treat-
ment was applied to the trees for the succeeding two years, and that trouble disappeared
until the pa.st .season. In this ])lot, eight years ago, the Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, and
-some of the oHier kinds were attacked with the Fusicladium, and for five years we did
not tind a single specimen from the Flemish Beauty that would be saleable. The Bart-
lett pears were not quite so bad, but the trees suffered very much worse than the Flemish
Beauty. The Bartlett ti-ees suffered so severely that the limbs were nearly black and
■waxy to the touch from a gum-like substance that oozed out of them. Three years &"o
last spring, before the pear trees were in leaf, we sprayed them with a solution of hypo-
sulphite of soda and water, using one pound of the sulphite in ten gallons of water, and
continuing the application every two Aveeks until the fruit was about half growrj. The
Flemish Beauty was remarkably fine and free from blemish, and the Bartlett trees
rallied up wonderfully, but bore very little fruit. The other kinds in the plot were free
from fungus. The following spring the trees received two applications of the sulphite,
one before and the other soon after the trees were in leaf, and then we waited about five
weeks, when the fungus was developing on part of the pears and some of the leaves.
The pear trees forthwith received a spraying with the sulphite, and another in a few
days. We could not discover any further development of the fungus. The Flemish
Beauty pears were a fair crop of saleable fi:uit, while the Bartletts were an overloaded
croji of fair fruit, very many of the trees requiring props all around them. The past
season the sulphite v/as applied, and the pear trees were nearly free from fungus, but
most of the fruit was destroyed with the May frost.
Plot 4 contains ten acres of clay loam, and is located south of the ridge. It is
sheltered from the north by an orchard of large apple trees, and on the other three sides
by a wind break of Northern Spy apple trees set one rod apart. Eight years ago last
spring in this field there were planted 1,000 Bartlett pear innes. About 600 of these
trees are very promising, 160 are dead from several causes. .Possibly 200 were black-
hearted and had vigorous roots. Most of them had sprouts to grow just above where
they were grafted, but some only below, and from these sprouts, by cutting all of the
diseased trunk off. we have fine, healthy trees.
The pear trees are pruned lightly each year, and the bark .slit down the trunk with
a sharp knife. They receive a mulching every spring with coarse, barn-yard manure
and, in the fall, a liberal dressing with unleached ashes. The fruit is thinned out with a
pair of sheep shears. The older orchards are summer fallowed, and the younger ones
tilled for a hoed crop. The plowing around the trees is done with a one-horse reversible
beam ;>low.
A Member. — Are your orchards standards ?
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — These are all standards; I have hid no luck with dwarts.
A Member. — How far apart do you plant them 1
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — Those in the plot of 154 trees were seventeen feet, and in the
plot of 1,000 trees twenty feet apart each way. For live years we did not have any fine
specimens on the Flemish Beauty.
The Mehbek. — Have you tried spraying with Pans green ?
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — This past season I mixed hypo-sulphite of soda and I'iii. . -m eu,
md it seemed to have a double effect upon the leaven. I would not i-ocnmiiicnd the use
uf the two together. Two or three years ago I had the sulphite mixed up in a hirg«
'i (F. «.) 33
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
kettle, but did not get it all thoroughly mixed. If it is a little strong it has the same-
edect upon the trees that Paris green has.
Mr. Patterson (Grimsby). — I have used hypo-sulphite of soda and Paris green
together on apple trees, and found no ill-etlects whatever from the mixture ; but 1 never
use them on pear trees. With me the use of Paris green on ppar trees seems to prevent
the knotty, gnarled specimens almost entirely. Of course Paris green has no eflect at
all on the fungus.
THE QUESTION DRAWER.
When the Association met in the afternoon
The President said. — I have here a telegram from the Hon. Mr. Drury, stating that
he is unable to leave Toronto to-day, to attend our meeting, and expressing his regret.
The following topics were discussed from the question drawer :
PEAR CULTURE AND UNDER-DRAINING.
Q. On the heavy clay soils of Essex and Kent, which are covered with rich vege-
table mould, will the cultivation of pears be successful without" under-draining, and in
such lands will under-draining pay ?
The President. — I should say emphatically yes ; underdraining will pay for any kind
of fruit.
Mr. WiLLARD. — My own experience has led me to believe that all lands on which
pears are grown should be under-drained, unle.^s it is naturally under-drained. We find
that dwarf pears do better on certain kinds of lands, while standards do better on other
kinds, and, from the statement of the case here, I think the land would be admirably
adapted for dwarf pear growing if it were sufficiently under-drained. Dwarfs do not
want to .stand with their feet in water, and although they do not run down a deep root
like standards, they like to have it reasonalily dry.
A PREVENTIVE FOR MICE AND RABBITS.
Q. — What is the best preventive formica and rabbits getting at trees?
The Secretary. — It seems to me that Mr. Wilson, who asks this question, could
have very well answered it, as I heard him say he was the suggester of the wire screen
protector for trees.
Mr. Wilson. — In our part of the country (Chatham) we have a great deal of trouble
with mice and raVjbits, and I invented the screen which the secretary has referred to, and
it is a good thing. It is just the ordinary wire screening rolled on a small broom-stick,
and the spring keeps it in place so that it won't slip. It keeps the mice and rabbits
away, and can be left on the tree until it is large (mough to need no protection. We
leave it on from one year to another until tlio tree grows up. I put out 2,000 apple
trees two years ago and put it on thf*ni all, and they are all there yet. Buying the wire
wholesale it costs, if I remember right, about 2^ or 3 cents per tree.
Mr. Rice (Port Huron). — I tried one little experiment on mice. I had some trees
8et aloni,' a fence row and the mice troubled me ; so I got some tar paper and tied it
around iIk- tree with a light piece of string, putting it around three or lour times. I had
doubts wlictlicr it would stay on all winter, and 1 was ninch surprised to find it became
hard, th<! ntring came right off, but the paper has rcmaiiKsd intact around the trees three
years, and th<-y have been perfectly protected. The. expense is almost nothing, Th<i tar
pa|H.'r becomes hard and k(;ep8 its place and expands with the growth of the tree in tho
same way as the wire that has been described, and it has proved p(Tfectly eil'ectual for
ih«- ]>urpohc intended. 1 had one large tree, six inches in diameter, that was notched l)y
mice. 1 1 had IxM-n in that condition one year and J tried the experiment on it. 1 bev-
;i4
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
elled off some sprouts that liacl grown up from the bottom, shoved them under the bark
above, and had a load of fresh stable manure packed around the tree quite high. That
was four years ago, and this year the tree shows very good health, and has borne quite a
crop of apples.
Mr. Beall. — The most effectual thing I know of is simply this : do not allow a blade
of grass or anything of the kind to grow in your orchard, and I will guarantee there will
be no mice.
The Secretary. — If you get a snowbank there, you will have mice, whether there
is grass or not.
Mr. Beall. — If there were no grass there would be no mice ; mice do not breed in
the snow.
Mr. F. W. Wilson. — I find the trouble with the tar paper spoken of by our friend
Mr. Eice is that it excludes the air, which is very injurious to the tree.
Mr. Caston (Craighurst). — Mr. Beall is right in saying that if you keep the orchard
clean you will have no mice, but no matter how clean you keep the orchard there is
always grass around the fence.
Mr. Rice. — In regard to the health of the trees, those I speak of were very
unhealthy looking, but they have improved in health each year, and this year they are
line and healthy, after having the paper around them for three years.
SPRAYING TREES WHEN IN BLOOM.
Q — What can we do to prevent people spraying trees while they are in blossom, and
in so doing destroying the bees ?
The Secretary. — I should suppose that if the opinion of this Association is sent
abroad that it is unwise to spray at that time, it would be sufficient.
Several Members. — Yes, I should think so.
The Secretary'. — Then I move this resolution : " Resolved, that it is useless to
spray our fruit trees while they are in blossom, and in the interest of bee-keepers this
Association hereby unanimously condemns the practice." Carried.
SEASON TO SPRINKLE WITH POISONS.
Q. — What is the proper time to sprinkle fruit trees with poisons 1
The Secretary. — The proper time is just after the petal of the blossom has fallen ;
as soon as the fruit has formed. That is the proper time to make the first application
of arsenical mixture to the fruit trees. It should be repeated after a heavy rain, because
the rain will wash off all the poison. I may here remark, as something has been said
about it, that in GrimsVjy our fruit growers have found that three ounces to fifty gallons
of water is a sufficient quantity to use.
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF FERTILISERS FOR ORCHARDS.
Q. — What is the comparative value of fertilisers for orchards 1
Prof. Panton. — I think this question might be better answered by a practical man
than by me, who am only a teacher of science and its principles, as far as applicable to
plant life. I think, however, that on general .principles the potash fertilisers seem to
bring about the best results for horticultural purposes. There are certain elements very
essential to plant life, and one of them is iron, which is very important to the prepara-
tion of the green coloring matter in plants. But there is generally sufficient of that in
the soil. This green coloring matter in plants is what enables them to take the gases
from the atmosphere, and out of these the properties necessary for plant growth. Another
element very essential for that purpose is potash. You may have the green coloring
matter present in the plants but before it can do any work in the way of the preparation
35
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
of starch there must be light, and even in the presence of light it can do little or nothing
vithout potash. It is just as if you had a fine factory with all the belts and pulleys
and a grand engine in it ; but until you got a tire going and steam generated your
apparatus would be of no use.^ So in plant life there is no element which has more
influence in working the whole manure than the element of potash ; and I would there-
fore say, on general principles, that potash fertilisers are likely to bring about the best
results.
F. W. Wir.sox. — I agiee witli the professor both practically and theoi-etically that
ashes is one of the best fertilisnrs we can get. But just now there never was a business
5o entirely ruined as the potash business, owing to German mineral taking the place of
potash. There is no demand for it, and we should take advantage of the Ojjportunity
tbub created. Thnrc was never a better opportunity for fruit growers than at ])resent.
I have engaged two of the largest mills around Chatham to supply it at; four cents a
bushel, and some of these are producing three or four large waggon loads per week. I
would advise you all to try the same plan in your own neighborhoods.
Mr. Dempsev. — T do not know of any manure better than bone dust, and if you can
<ii5?olve it in sulphuric acid it is all the better. I applied it in that way very liberally,
and the result was that the next year I had one of the finest crops of i^lemish Beauty I
-\ er had in my life.
Prof. Pantox. — You should add a little super-phosphate.
MILDEW A.ND OTHER FUNGI.
Q. — Is the Industry gooseberry free from mildew ?
The Secretaky. — With me it has been ; with the President it has not.
Mr. Bkall. — There is only one kind that is worse with me.
Q. — Please inform us what causes mildew on grapes, and what will cure the disease
also what is the cause of the grape rot and what is tlie preventive ?
The Secretary. — The mildew referred to and which is most common in Ontario is
ft fungus — really a plant. I cannot explain its causes except to say that it is propagated
as other plants are, by very minute spores, which can only be seen with the help of a
microscope. As to the cause of the grape rot, it is also similar, a fungus. I believe
that a copper sulphate is one of the best preventives for this, or the Bordeaux mixture,
applied wiih a whisk broom in the absence of a proper spraying apparatus.
(T) T- lb' s,)r>tci;u'i>t iMadf tbut, niild.'W only attacks plants alreadv afTected by
diseas
Prof. Pamon. — i lio not tlunlv tlie statement is made that they attack no other, but
there is a tendency to attack that type more than any other class, just the same as a
weaklv person is more subject to disease such as typhoid fever than a per.sou who is i>er-
fectlyhtialihy. That disease is causi-d by germs, as many disea.ses uf a more or less
epidemic nature are now admitted to be. So with fungi, weakness in the vi^or of the
platit r(Midcrs it jiecnliarly liable to attack, [ have no d lubt it may attack .strong plants
from time to time, Jmt the tnnd.-ncy is to attack those weakonAl by di.sease. All these
fiMiL'US dis"'-' - •"■ '-aus'd by genns or spores getting into the plant structure in some
yfgi,y. If 1 is healthy and vigorous it very often gons no further, but if it is
w.^aklv it i).i^ >.^ iK^iit on to its juices and begins to grow. There would tiiorefore Ije a
greater tendency in mildew to attack weakly plants thiu more vigorous ones.
( I -tatemont true of fungi that they are mainly nitro_;(^:inu8 in substance?
I .»• I 1. V,. Tiover noticed that statement .sn much as this, llmt they live
^^ jjji <v parasites live* on food alri ady prepared. Fungi cannot
^^^] tmoKphore and give off the cailioti and i».\-ygt;n ; tluit is
^1 , maltfr, to elalioratH out of it starch ultiuiately, and
Ui'-y are parasitic and must b(! put on the place where the food
.30
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1S91
is; consequPiitly they are always found in those situations. But I clo not think the
question is clearly put. All organic matter is more or less nitrogenous, not exceptiiig^
sugar and starch. If the question was, "Do they live on nitrogenous substances 1" I
would answer that they invariably do, as far as my knowledge goes.
Q. — Is the practice of manuring with nitrogenous substances good 1
Prof. Pantox. — You mean so as to avoid this 1 Well, I think there might be some
specific times when it would not probably be well. It has been ascertained that fields of
wheat, where nitrugenous manures have been applied in excess, are more likely to be
afiected by rust. Why 'I Because they have brought nut too luxuriant a growth, and
consequently the cells are more or less in an abnormal condition, which renders them
liable to the rust. Now, that is the case with rust. I am not just prepared to say it is
the case with other forms, but where there is too luxuriant a growth I think a plant is
placed in a position in which it is liable to attacks of parasites, and in that case a person
requires to know the nature of the soil. If the soil is already in good heart and likely
to bring about a fair condition of plant growth, I do not think it wise to overdose it with
nitrogenous manure. I should say too much barnyard manure would not do if the land
was in fine condition.
VALUE OF COAL ASHES AS A FERTILISER.
Q' — Has soft coal ashes any virtue, such as oxide of iron?
Prof. Panton. — I am inclined to say not very much. You will be likely to have
enough oxide of iron in your soil. I cannot say wlaat the composition of soft coal ashes-
is, but as far as hard coal ashes are concerned there is nothing tliere ; all they can do,
is to open up the soil, and I would think pretty much the same in the case of soft
coal. There may be fome sulphide of iron, and that may supply some iron, but I do not
think there is much in it.
HOW TO BEST PRUNE A COMMERCIAL VINEYARD IN ONTARIO.
The President — We will now take up the subject of grape pruning, on which Mr,
A. McNeill, Science Master of the Windsor High School, who is also an extensive vine-
yardist, will now address us.
Mr. McNeill. — I expect that my remarks will have the effect of eliciting consider-
able criticism, and I hope to profit by it, as pruning the grape vine is a very serious
question with me. I have invested some little cash in the enterprise, and it has now
reached such pi'oportions that it is a case of swim or die. I have been led to study the
nature of the grape, and to attempt to apply the principles learned to the
pruning of it, and I have selected a number of points in grape growth that 1 think we
can apply directly in the pruning. First, we notice that the growth tends to divide itself
into many small branches. Allow a grape vine to grow unrestrained, and you will have a
number of fine, small branches in the first, second and third year. These branches will
not produce fruit for a number of years, and then only very small fruit. Secondly, it
has a strong tendency to develop the higher buds ; in the natural course of things these
higher buds would develop and the lower buds would go undeveloped, although now there
is comparatively little difference in their relative strength. Thirdly, other things being
equal, the buds are developed neither at the base of the cane nor at the top of it, but
mid-way — I am speaking now principally of the Concord. Fourthly, that a sharp bend
in the cane has a tendency to develop the bud just above it. Fifthly, the construction
of the terminal bud while in the green state has a tendency to hasten the maturity and
development of the tissue and buds below it. The effect, however, varies with the
distance from the terminal bud. That is to say, if I take this while in the green state
there will be a tendency to develop the bud next to it, and a certain tendency to develop
the next, with the effect of lessening as we get further from the bend. Sixthly, with
a strong growth in one cane rests the growth and developments of the other canes.
Now, I have selected out of a number of principles these six, and propose founding,
whate'.er system I may present you upon those six principles. (From this point onward
37
^4 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. McNeill's address was so profusely interspersed by illustrations on a trellis on the
]>latforra as to render it impossible for the leporter from his notes to give a transcript
•vhich could be understood by a reader).
!^^r. Read. — The heaviest crop of grapes I ever saw was upon a lot of Niagara
vines in the County of Kent, Michigan, and the man who had them pinched olF the
summer new growth at the second bud, or thereabouts, above the fruit, immediately
upon its betting. He practised that throughout his whole vineyard, and the fruit
developed largely, and the leaves grew to twice the size of those upon the vine left to
grow free. It seems to me that with the Concord it would be equall}'- good.
Mr, McNeill. — It is a question of cost.
Mr. Read. — This gc-nthnnan has probably got back all the cost in the increased crop
of grapes.
BEST MODE OF MARKETING GRAPES.
The President. — Mr. M. Pettit, of Winona, will take up this subject.
]Mr. Pettit. — The best mode of marketing grapes is a rather difficult (question to
deal with, when considered from the fruit-grower's standpoint, as much depends upon
the distance from the market, the requirements of the market, and so on, which must
be studied by the growers themselves. Samuel Miller, writing in Popular GardeMing,
says : " The man who shall devise a plan whereby a man shall get what he earns by
growing fruit will deserve a monument." I am not a candidate for that monument, but
there is a great deal in the remark worthy of consideration by the man who grows fruit for
protit. As most of us know, carrying companies and commission men take about one-
half the receipts, while the grower has to almost beg for the other half. In none of
the products of our soil is the difFerence between what is paid by the consumer and the
amount received by the producer so great as in the case of fruit. This may be partially
accounted for by the perishable nature of fruit, and also the channels of trade through
which it flows. Care in picking is of great importance with grapes. Pickers who are
too careless and lazy to lay grapes in a basket, but drop them in like potatoes, should
not be allowed in a vineyard. As a rule women and girls make the best pickers ; they
handle more carefully, and display more taste in making them look neat. You m\ist
please the eye of the buyers, who judge by appearances, and keep your packages neat
and clean. For the commission market use the best baskets, and let the color of the
leno correspond to that of the fruit. In shipping for dessert purposes, let nothing go in
the basket but what 3'cu would eat yourself, or put on your own table for your friends.
Shipping green grapes has cost the grape growers of Ontario thousands of dollars, and
h:.3 done more to glut the markets than any other cause. Growers, in haste to make
nnney, have allowed their vines to overload. This has caused the fruit to be poor in
flavor and late in ripening. Then to secure the early high prices they are ])icked as soon
as fairly colored, which has done more to disgust people with using grapes than all other
causes. I venture to say tliat one-half of the grapes grown in Ontario are picked and
marketed before they arrive at the state of perfection. Another cause of overstocked
markets is changing from one market to another to try for high prices. Montreal and
Toronto are our two largest distributing centres, and when Montreal reports high prices
and good demand, shippers send to Montreal. The consequence is that the market tliere
is overstockexl, and Toronto being neglected the tid(! turns there and prices go up and
the name thing it repeated. If every grower would ship to his nearest and best market
regularly certain (juantities every day, they would woidd work off at higher prices and
give better satisfaction to the consumers, who would receive daily good fresh fruit, and
there would be l»ettor satisfaction throughout. Another mode of nuvrketing grapes, not
always profital>le, is consigning them to coiuinission firms or merchants who start business
with the spring birds, who distribute large quantities of shipping tags tliroughout the
fruit growing K'.-ctions and quote better prices than the old established (inns.
Q. — What sized bahkets are usually used ?
Mr. Pbttit. — Ten and twenty pound baskets are used in our locality for the bulk
38
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
of our grapes ; twenty pounds is a sixteen quait basket. It is too large, and I think
if that basket were entirely done away with it would be much better. A basket such
as peaches and plums are shipped in, and which holds sixteen pounds, is fully large
■«nough. The cheaper grapes are usually shipped in the larger baskets.
Q. — Don't you get better returns from small packages than large ones, when they
are nicely put up 1
Mr. Pettit. — A few years ago, when the smaller baskets came into use, I think wo
<lid as a rule, but there is very little difference now.
Q. — For early grapes or choice varieties, would not the small packages yield the
best returns 1
Mr. Pettit. — Yes, I think they would.
Q. — What varieties do you find bring the best returns, in shipping?
Mr. Pettit. — The Woiden, Concord and Rogers No. 4 are what I would plant in
■our locality for black; and for red, Delaware, Lindley, Brighton, Agawam, and Catawba
in some sections. For white, Niagara stands the season pretty well, and is such an
•«norraous yielder that it is far more profitable than any other white grape.
Q. — How do you find Salem in your section ?
Mr. Pettit. — It is more liable to mildew than most of the red Eogers, besides, if we
get a shower when ripe, they burst badly ; but for winter use I do not think we have a
^rape in Ontario to beat it.
Q, — Have you tried Amber Queen 1
Mr. Pettit. — Yes, but not to any extent.
PURE GRAPE WINE FOR HOME USE.
The President announced that Mr. E. Girardot, secretary of the Yine Growers' Asso-
•ciation of Sandwich, would answer the question, " What is the simplest way to make a
small quantity of pure grape wine for home use?"
Mr. Girardot. — I believe I have undertaken quite a task in answering this ques
tion, for it takes nearly as much time and knowledge to make a small quantity
as to make a large quantity. I will explain, however, just as I would to some of my
neighbors if they asked me, First, the person making it should know a little of the
nature of the grape. Now the grape itself consists of the skin, which holds the coloring
matter, and part of the tannin of the grape ; the juicy or watery part, which contains
the sugary part of the grape ; and the pulpy part, the fle.shy matter, which contains
tartaric acid ; and the fourth part or element is the seed, which does not go into the
making of wine. It contains a kind of volatile oil which you may call fusil oil, which
would be a nuisance in wine if it were crushed when the grapes are crushed to make
wine. In some parts of the country here the wine makers prefer to take the stems
away from the grapes. This, in my opinion, is not right, because the stem of the grape
■contains a great amount of tannin, which is the preservative element in wine, and has
the effect of making it keep for years, which it would nob otherwise do. Of course in
order to make a small quantity of wine one should know what amount of grapes to buy.
Well, it is generally recognized that from eighteen to twenty pounds of grapes is
sufficient to make one gallon of wine. The next thing is a vessel to ferment that wine
in, and for this [ would recommend a whiskey barrel. Take out the he^d, and in the
bottom put a bundle of straw, and over that straw put a brick well cleaned, and then
make a hole and put in a faucet. Next comes the pressing of the grapes. You may
take a small vessel and in it put a certain quantity of grapes and crush them enough to
hreak the berry, and then put them in the barrel. Do not fill the barrel completely,
because the carbonic acid gas makes the wine rise, and if it is too full it will overllow
and you will lose the wine. Generally the vessel should not be filled more than two-
thirds ; one-third should ba left for fermentation. Now, there is a great question la
39
5-1 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
nuking wine that is fit to drink. I believe our grapes here are grown in as great
perfection as in any part of Ontario, the climate being very favorable to the maturing of
the grape. Generally tlio j.iiice of our grape contains from 20 to 22 per cent, of
s.accharine matter ; but this has been an exceptional year, and they have contained 2.5
p-^r cent,, which would make a wine very rich in spirit It is a recognised principle in
chemistry that the saccharine part of the grape is converted by fermentation so that
twenty parts of sugar would give 12 per cent, of alcohol. AVe must allow something
fc>>' the organic matters in wine which do not ferment, and it also loses by evaporation —
we cannot get all the alcohol from a given amount of sugar. Generally we can make a
natural wine here, if we do not add any sugar, containing not more than 10 per cent,,
which we find is not quite enough to tit it for shipping purposes. Such. a wine would
keep very well in a cellar, if not moved, but if it is to be shipped to any distance it
will get turbid and is apt to turn sour, and the only corrective for that is to add sugar
or spirit to it. It is not good to add spirits, because in this country we cannot obtain
wine spirits. The wane spirit is what we call amylic alcohol, and that we cannot
obtain here. We can buy grain spirits, but thes^e do not assimilate with wine spirits,
and for that reason any wine in which grain spirits have been put cannot be digested
very well ; the least (;[uantity will ineljriate, instead of cheering as wine ought. There-
fore we use the sugar, which by fermentation is converted into alcohol, and by a
chemical process converts itself into grape sugai', and of course results in the wine
alcohol. Now, the question is, What quantity of sugar shall we put in to obtain a
given quantity of alcohol? Well, exjieriment has taught us that one-quarter pound of
suear added to one gallon of mash will give one degree of alcohol. The sugar cannot
be added directly, because we would lose a great deal that would get into the skin and
the stems, and therefore we have to dissolve it in water. This raises the question of
how much water? If we use too much we bhall weaken our wine, and therefore we
only put just enough to dissolve it. We have found by experiment thiit one gallon of
w-ater to twelve and a half pounds of sugar is the quantity in order to have a wine
having the same virtue and the same component parts as the natural grape contains
by itself. This water has also a beneficial effect on the wine. Our grapes contain an
excess of tartaric acid, although they do not contain more sugar than the grapes in the
same latitude in France or Germany, and this excess is corrected by adding water and
makes the wine more palatable. The next operation is the fermentation, and tlu^-
tecnperature that we should maintain or place the barrel in. It is a wise plan when we
put the solution of suy;ar in it to heat that small quantity of water, so that when we
add it to the wine it will not arrest the fermentation which may have already be^un.
The object, on the contrary, is to hasten fermentation ; the quicker the fermentation the
})Htorthe wine. Long and slow ft'rmentation only produces turbid wine, which is never
palatable, whereas quick fermentation produces good wine, which is always clear. The
temperature I should recommend in which to ferment wine is about 70°. It is very
essential after fermentation has commenced to keep the temperature up. If you should
put it in a place where cold air strikes, it will stop the fermentation, and that is injurious
to the wine. It is a, wise plan to cover the barrel or vessel in which the wine is made,
because if that precaution is not taken it is covered with a kind of fungus which may
afterwards cause the wine to turn sour, and therefore the wine must be watched from
tiie beginning. Now as to the duration of the fermentation, 'this should generally last
aVx)Ut eight days in our latitude. We know that the wine is fermented when we discover
by the taste that it id not sweet any more. When putting the wine in the ves.sel to
place in the cellar you must not bung it rii;ht away, because there is a slow fermentation
going on for three months afterwards, and if the barrel is tightly bunged it may burst
and yriu would lose the wine. Wine is gt^nerally made here in the month of OctoV)er, and
about December we look at it to see how it is getting along. If it is clear you may
draw it into another barrel. You must always u.se clean barrels. ^Souu^ people use
Kpirit or l>eer barrels, and I may tell you thut there is no liquid so suVjject to l)eing
afiected and taking on a taste, from the vessel in which it in put as wino. One day a
nitn order«'d a gallon of wino from us, and in his jug there was a musty cork. I filled
his jug from'a barrel where tluj wine was perfectly good and palatable, but before he
40
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
got home the wine in the jug was in such a condition as not to be fit to drink, from the
effect of the musty cork. Therefore either a musty barrel, or one that has been in the
shed a long time, cannot be used ; it is better to buy new barrels. You can never
clean a barrel that has a Vjad taste well enough to make it fit to contain wine. Barrels
that have contained whiskey, port wine or native wine are the best ; barrels that have
contained gin or ginger wine are of no use for wine. I think that is all 1 have to tell
you, and, if you will follow the directions I have given closely, you will be successful.
PLUM CULTURE.
The President. — "We have tsvo questions here regarding plum culture, which
according to the programme will be answered by our friend, Mr. S. D. Willard, of
Geneva, N. Y.
Mr. Willard. — The first question of the two on the programme which I have
been asked to answer is, What are the six most profitable varieties of plums for Southern
Ontario? I may say that I don't think I am the proper person to reply to that question,
as I am not a southern Ontario man, but a l^ew Yorker ; and I think there are those
in this room much better able to answer it. I wiil, however, answer it from my own
stindpoint.
The Secretary. — I think the climate is very similar.
Mr. Willard. — The question of plum culture has lately been attracting a great
deal of attention. My attention was first drawn to it twenty years ago, when visiting
the Hudson river country, which at that time was really pi"oducing more plums than all
the rest of the United States put together, and those who were raising them were
getting rich. The fruit was exceedingly large, and they had splendid facilities in
getting it on boats for the New York market, but their system of culture was wrong.
They robbed the land ; they sold their hay and straw and put nothing back on the
land, and the result was, before they knew it, that they could no longer raise fruit with
profit ; and the plum business of the Hudson river is now a thing of the past. But
seeing their work is what led me to take it up, and during the last twenty years I have
done something in the way of raising plums. The phim has multiplied very rapidly ;
new varieties have been springing up here and there to be tested and tried, and it is a
very wide field in which to work. The list I am about to give does not include some I
could raise, because I am not sure they would sviit you here. Foi'emost, as the earliest
ripening plum, I would put the Bradshaw, which when young is a little tender, Ijut when
arred is one of the most hardy and productive mai'ket plums we have. I have trees of
that variety from which I have netted as high as $12 or 81 -i in a single season, and
that is good enough for me. Following the Bradshaw is the Lombard, which is among
plums what the Concord is among grapes or the Baldwin among apples. It is a plum
Avhich can be raised with less trouble than any other variety, always gives good crops
and always has a market value, for it is known everywhere. Then we have another
plum called the Gueii, which originated in Lansingburg, X. Y. It is a very hardy and
profitable market variety; it takes on a most beautiful blooora, and if only well known
will sell well. I have found it one of the most profitable of plums, and it is very
productive. In time of ripening it follows the Lombard.
President Lyon. — I think it is said to be curculio-proof, do you stand by that?
Mr. Willard. — No ; I do not believe that of any plum. Then we have what
is known as the Hudson River Purple Egg. That also had its origin on the Hudson
river, and was introduced to me by a fruit man who asked me to test it. You will not find
anything about it in Mr. Downing's work, for when I sent it to Mr. Dovvning he said it
was a plum he did not recognise. But it is one of the best for market purposes. It is
hardy and productive, and sells well on the market. Then we have the plum known
as Peter's Yellow Gage, luLioduced by Mr. Barry of Rochester. All things considered,
it is in my opinion the best of all the light-colored class of plums, and yet it is scarcely
known ; you will not find it in the catalogue of EUwanger ik Barry. It is not one of the
41
04 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 18&1
best growers : nuiseryniPn cannot make monoy out of it as rapiilly as out of some others,
but nil things cor.sidercd it is the be^t light plum grown, being extremely hardy and
producing a crop of the finest quality every year. Its disadvantage as against La Reine
Claude, which is the standard light colored plum, is that it comes in earlier. If it
ripened as late as La Reine Claude I would say it was the best of the light colored plums
to plant for market, but it comes in earlier. The advantage of La Reine Claude is that
it comes in later. I obtained my stock eighteen years ago, and during last season wo
have topbudded L50 trees to continue it. Then for the sixth there is Coe's Golden Drop,
which.ought to be planted. We have had experience sometimes in winter killing, and in
picking these varieties I have endeavored to select those which hold their foliage well,
because that is a vei'y important point. The Imperial Gage we have dropped, because
the tree is tender. Of the light colored ones I do not know one that is more tender than
the Imperial Gacje, and it is not the equal of La Reine Claude in productiveness. I
have omitted J^a Reine Claude because I do not know whethrr it would be considered
hardy for your section, and yet it is the *' king bee " of all the plums. I have had trees
that yielded as high as $20 in a season.
The Skcretary. — It is perfectly hardy in western Ontario.
Mr. WiLL.vuD. — Yes; but I desire to say that the plum is a capricious fruit. It
tnav be entirely hardy here and not with us, and vice versa. I think that is thii
fxperience of anyone who has grown plums largely.
Mr. Dempsey. — La Reine Claude is perfectly hardy in part of our county (Hastings)
and tender in other parts, but there is nothing better in the form of a plum for canning.
I cannot grow it at all, while a man who lives only twenty miles from me succeeds every
time.
A MKMBER.^-What about the McLaughlin?
Mr. WiLt..\uo. — It originated in the State of Maine and is of very line quality, but
not a profitOible market plum. It ia almost of the highest qu ility to eat.
The President. — What have you to say of the Niagara plum ?
Mr. WiLL.\RD. — Well, if you plant good Bradshaws I am sure you will get a good
list of Niagaras. Shipper's Pride is a very good plum a little north of us in the State
of New York. It is a very fair plum, but not what we were led to believe The
Jefferson is of the highest quality, but not productive enough for niaiket, being in
this jespect the same as the Washington. Quackenboss is a very desirable plum, but
we find it has a little inclination to shyness in bearing. There are places where it suc-
ceeds well ; I have Sfen it very fine on the Hudson river, but there are others which
we think more profitable. The Gueii is much more profitable to raise than the Quicken-
boss.
A MEMiiKK. — Do you know anything about Glass' Seedling]
Mr. WiLi.AKD. — Only as I have tested it myself. Some of them were sent to me by
this Association a good many years ago, and we tested them in a small way. I thought
it was so near akin to the Quackenboss that it was not worth while propagating it. Pond's
Seedling is a fine plum, but it makes wood slowly, and is not productive enough of
dollars and cents. The Victoria is a very fine plum some seasons ; then, again, it is
liable to over-produce, and the fruit is small and fails to ripen well. The Gt'ueral Kand
is a tine plum in appearance, but does not produce enough. The Peaidi Plum is hardy ;
one of the most hardy we have. There are .six other varieties I would 1)0 very glad to
mention in connection with the six I liave alrea.ly named as my choice, which I think
are valuable. The Prince of Wales is a most beautiful plum, of very Wiw color and very
productive and hardy. It is comparatively new hero, though J hoard of it years ago in
England. Then there is the Stanton, which originated in Albany county, N. Y. If I
were to name only one plum for canning I dcn't know but it would bo this one ;
if it were two years hence I could tell better. Wo have now over a thousand
trees that will be in bearing next year. It is one of the finest to oat, and wo havo
kept the plums for weeks in our cellar sent up when ripe from Albany county. I
42
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
think anyone making :i test would do well to plant it. Then there is the Field, which
ripens a little ahead of the Niagara, and is like it in siz3 and appearance, except that it
is a little darker in color. It is a very desirable new sort, and had its origin in Scoharie
«ounty, N. Y. Then we have the Grand Duke, one of the latest introductions from
England, originated by Mr. Rivers, which promises to be the best late plum of dark
color that I know of for market. We had the fruit this year for the first time for
market, and it brought a dollar a basket in eight pound baskets. Mr. Rivers brought
out three plums, the Grand Duke, the Archduke and the Monarch, which in my opinion
are going to make their mark in this country. Anyone who saw the exhibition of
fruit at Buffalo this fall might have seen the Monarch, It is one of the largest of
plums, and bids fair to be very hardy; the tree holds its foliage very well and is very
productive. Then there is one of the Japan plums called the Botan.
President Lyon. — Are not there several varieties of that name?
Mr. WiLLARD. — Yes, there are. That is a sort of general term for a number of
those plums sent out from Japan, but having received this one under the name of
Botan we raised it as such ; we have another under the head of Botan which is a little
different. This summer I obtained two others called the Sweet Botan and Burbank's
Japan. I had enough to market this year of Ogan, but I saw they were not going to
take, and that was sufficient for me.
A Member. — What do you think of Basset's American?
Mr. WiLLARD. — I don't thing it is worth enough powder to blow it over the fence.
A Member. — What about Munro's Seedling 1
Mr. AViLLARD. — It is tender with me ; we never grew a plum so tender in the nursery
row as the Munro.
A Member. — Have you planted Prunus Simoni ?
Mr. WiLLARD, — Yes. It may be hardy and sufficiently productive, and will be sold
at fruit stands even if it is not of the first quality. They want it in the cities, though it
Es not strictly first-class.
THREE BEST PLUMS FOR HOME USE.
Mr. WiLLARD. — I see there is another question : " What are the three best plums
■for home use, early, medium and late? Quality, productiveness and hardiness of tree
tree alone to be considered-; soil, light sand ?" I think I should takb the Bradshaw for
the first, then Peter's Yellow Gage and the Stanton Seedling as my choice.
A Member. — Does not the Lombard do well on light soil ?
Mr. WiLLARD. — Yes, I have seen it do remarkably well.
A Member. — In our neighborhood they have adopted what they call the French
stock, which does not sucker as much as the standard stock.
Mr. WiLLARD. — We use French sometimes because we cannot get any other, but if
I were selecting an orchard I would prefer, if possible, to have them worked on the
horse plum stock of western New York. But they will all sucker bad enough if you cut
the roots ; you can plow them to death a good deal easier than kill them any
other way. 1 would advise people who have plums to do their work with cultivators.
Mr. Dempsey. — Did you ever try any of Rivers Damsons?
Mr. WiLLARD. — Yes, 1 have the whole list of them now ; they are succeeding
first rate.
A Member. — How far apart do you plant them ?
Mr. WiLLARD. — Our plan originally was 16 feet each way, but now we get our
rows 16 feet apart and ten feet in the row ; you can handle them better, but it wants
high culture. I would not advise anyone to do it unless he has the manure.
A Member. — Do you spray your trees for curculio ?
43
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). , A. 1891
Mr. WiLLAUD. — As I remarked to-rlay if it were not for curculio I would not raise
plums. God put us here to iiglit something, and we might as well fight these pests as
anything else. So far as , spraying is concerned, if I were to spray I would use Paris
green. We experimented this year with London purple, to our sorrow, for it cost us
about .^500 to learn that London purple was better somewhere else than on plum trees,
or perhaps any other trees. It i.s soluble, and no matter how careful you may be you
may touch some of the very sensitive plum foliage. We have used Paris green, but I
don't want to hold the nozzle all day myself, and I cannot trust men to do it ; they fool
away their time, and put on so much that they injure the foliage of the trees.
SALOME APPLE AND RUSSIAN APRICOT.
Q. — I would like to know whether the Salome apple is in any way better worth
planting than the Baldwin, and also if the Russian apricot is worth planting.
President Lyon. — It does not show any fine qualities beyond being hardy. It is
hardy enough for central or northern Illinois, but beyond that it has been found to fail.
Its quality is not good and is not particularly attractive. It is claimed to be a good
producer, and might do very well for a market apple, but there are so many more desir-
able apples that I question whether it is worth planting at all.
Mr. WiLLARD. — I have not the greatest confidence in the Eussian apricot although
we grow them, but we have to do so in our business ; we have to grow what people want
and demand. I have very gieat doubts of its value, and would not recommend it.
SEEDLING FRUITS.
Q. — Should not the Association appoint one competent man as an expert, to examine
and report upon all new seedlings fruits in the Province that may bs sent to him ?
Mr. Beall. — I think it would be an excellent idea.
Mr. BuCKE. — Anyone who heard the address of Prof. Saunders of last night will
remember that he said he would be very glad to receive at the Experimental Farm any
new fruits or trees, and I think he is a very competent person.
President Lyon. — The trouble with us has been that there are a great many people
who will not take the trouble to inform themselves of what is being done, and are always
ready and waiting to be imposed on by travelling tree pedlars who will tell thera
anything.
Mr. Dempsey. — I fall in with the idea, and I think no bettor man than our secretary
could be selected, but I think he would like the assistance of ]\Ir. Saunders and some
others in some instances. I move that Mr. Woolverton be appointed as one of the com-
mittee to receive fruits as suggested.
The President. — Mr. Woolverton has been acting in that capacity, and you have re-
ceived some of his reports through the Horticulturist, and if only one man is appointed 1
think he is the proper man. It would be well enough, as Mr. Dempsey says, that ho sliould
have one or two otliers associated with him with whom he might confer in special cases.
Mr. IJe.mpsey. — I move in addition that Prof. Saunders, the ex-President, Mr. Allan,
and the President, oNIr. Smith be appointed on the committee. Carried.
RAILWAY FREIGHTS.
The que.stion was asked, " Is it wise to interview the railway companies regardii:g
a special fruit train service, on the ground that the express companies are no longer
competent to carry the ever increasing shipments of fruit in a proper manner?
Mr. T. If, iiace said in r(!p]y that hist summiir he had got from the secretary of the
Association three Ijaskets of choice poaches, and that when they had ai rived they had all
been hroken into. On complaining to the company, it was stated that this was no
unuBual occurrence. He then threatened tlin company with prosecution, and also to
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
complain througli the Fruit Growers' Association to the Legisla^ture, asking for legislation
to protect the public from such pilfering. The agent sent the complaint to headquarters
At the same time ^Ir. Race enquired whether others in the town had similar complaints
to make, and found that it was a common occurrence to have fruit packages pilfered on
the train. In about two weeks a reply from headquarters came, giving the agent
written authority to settle j\Ir. Race's claim and hush up the matter ; but this ha was
unwilling to do until there was some guarantee of safer transportation.
The following letter, from the Grand Trunk Railway Company, was handed in and
read by the Secretary :
As ..eerards cars being specially fitted with shelves for holding the baskets to prevent the fruit being
bruised by the baskets when piled on top of each other. This has been done to some extent by the G. T. R.
Co., but it takes so long for the cars to return, — say from Montreal — that practically it is impossible to
provide enough of such cars, the season being so short, and they cannot be used for other freight on the
return journej', it must be apparent the cost to the Railway Co. would be too great, excepting in the case
of short distances, such as between tlie Niagara district and Toronto where the oars can return daily and
therefore a few of them can do a large amount of work. The circumstances here are very different, the
distances being so great. However this difficulty of damage by bruising has been solved to a great extent
by the new style of basket manufactured in VValkerville, as several tiers can be piled on top of each other
without injury to the fruit. On behalf of the G. T. R. Co. I may say that the importance of rapid and
cheap transit is fully recognised.
THOS. DOW.
The following letter also, from the Grand Trunk Railway Company, was handed in
read by the secretary :
In regard to shipping facilities for grapes and small fruits generally so far as the Grand Trunk Railway
is concerned : The possibilities of this district for the cultivation of fruits generally have been recognised,
and for several years efforts have been made to encourage those engaged in the forwarding of this traffic
viz. by allowing cars to go direct to their destination, even when loaded with but a small quantity of fruit,
rather than load the same car for several stations. There has been no hesitation in forwarding three tons
direct at any time, but even as low as 1,500 lb have been sent. As a rule there i.s no delay in reaching the
larger places in good time, as there is always other freight that can be used to fill up a car. But the diffi-
culty arises with small lots, more especially when for places off the main line. Such consignments are apt to
be delayed more or less at junction points, but three days should be the maximum time in tran.<iit in any
case. We have been able to give quick despatch to Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, and London .shipments,
cars going direct, and those interested may rest assured that no effort will be spared to co-operate with
shippers in reaching the markets as speedily as possible.
HEDGES FOR SOUTHERN ONTARIO.
The President. — Mr. Mc^5'eill will now addreos us on the subject, " What kind of
hedges are best suited for Southern Ontario."
Mr. McNkill — Hedges are of particular interest to fruit men ; as you are well
aware they serve the purpose of a wind-break and a protection from the inroads of
animals and as an ornament. I think those three purposes are served by hedges. I was
converted to hedges by a short visit to England, and I think Canada will never be really
beautiful until it has its hedgerows. As a matter of protection against animals I am not
altogether so sure that they are a success. I am afraid that in the case of cows the un-
sightly wire fence is ahead of it, and I do not see how it is possible to grow a hedge for
less than a wire fence can be constructed for. In the case of the wire fence you have
the protection at once, while in the case of the hedge you must wait a number of years,
so merely for protection I do not think the hedge is a live question for many years to
come. There is another aspect, however, of particular interest to fruit growers — the
wind-break ; it is conceded that the wind-break is of material advantage to the fruit
grower, and it is from that and the aesthetic standpoint that it must stand or fall with
them, for on the score of cost it cannot compete with the wire fence. Twenty-five years
ago I helped my father to plant a white willow hedge. We took long pieces of willow
limbs and dug a narrow trench and put our willow sticks down iive or six inches apart,
and had no trouble whatever in getting them to grow. My father left that neighl)orhood
a year or two afterwards, but I saw that hedge about five yoars agn, and it was a perfect
solid wall of vegetation, through which a mouse could hardly crawl. But I think it was
costly as far as the occupation of ground was concerned, and white willow must pass otio
of con.sideration altogether. Mv father and 1 experimented with the common thorn.
45
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The special thorn I am speaking of is called the Cockspur thorn, which is more easily
described to the ordinary individual as a species having a perfectly smooth leaf and being
thickly set with thorns. After several failures in our experiments with this we got both
the method of growth and the plant that answered the purpose as a hedge plant. Our
error in growinir it was in allowing it to grow too high before cutting it otl', and as a
consequence in one oi two years there were bare spaces below, but after we had some
experience we found that we must get a strong bottom growth after which there is no
difficultv in getting a perfectly impenetrable hedge, and a hedge that will last for ever.
The advantages of this thorn are these : First, it is a perfectly hardy plant ; vou cannot
kill it by any ordinary method. It will stand dry weather, cold weather, or wet land to any
degree found in land lit for cultivation ; it will stand browsing which only improves it, and^
in every way, it makes a splendid hedge. Its growth, however, is too slow to satisfy
most people, and it has one other fatal defect I am afraid. So far we have always been
able to get our supply of the plant from a river bottom flat, but if the plant is ever to-
become a hedge plant it must be propagated in some other way, and I do not know how
it can be cheaply projiagated. I was informed by Prof. Saunders that the seeds are ex-
ceedinglv slow of germination, and if that is the case it is a serious defect, but I think it
is worth while to experiment with root cuttings, from which some of the same family are-
very readily developed. Our experience is simply that we take these plants from a river
bottom and plant them out, and in about four years they mske a hedge that will turn
anything and that gives little or no trouble in the way of trimming or pruning. The
hedge in question is so close that nothing can make its way through it, but mice or small
birds. The birds make their nests in it, and it is a most excellent protection for them»
and if for nothing el.se I think hedges should be grown for the protection of the birds
which are such friends of the fruit grower.
FRUIT AS^OOD.
At the evening session a paper was read by Mr. L. Woolverton, Secretary of the
Association, on this subject, as follows :
One of the best ways of increasing the selling price of our fruits is to educate the
public into a freer use of them. Fruits are too of ten looked upon as mere luxuries, agree-
able to the taste but useless when nourishing food is required. We find the citizens buying
meat and potatoes regularly, but the fruits are only purchased occasionally as a special
treat. When the family go from the city to the country in summer, the mother is in
constant anxiety aVjout the amount of fruit her children consume, and is surprised Avhen
the dreadful results anticipated do not follow. This craving which children have for ripe
fruit is one proof of my first point, viz.: (1) The free use of ripe fruits at our meals tends
to health and longevity. No doubt there are many p<!rsons present who can verify this
position from actual experience. I have heard men say that in the autumn, when har-
vesting grapes and eating freely of the fruit, they have noticed an increase of weight of
from five to fifteen pounds. So well acknowleged has the healthfuhiess of the grape been
that, in France and Germany, patients are treated with what is called the "grape cure"
for many diseas('S due to overfecnling. A French physician says that nothing does more
to rid him of his patients than the daily use of fruits ; and another says that since the
apple has been more freely used in Paris, there has been a decrease of dyspepsia and of
bilious affections. We all know with what avidity the fevered patient sucks the cooling
juice of the lipe cherry. I have in a i)revious paper, referred to the healthfuhiess of the
currant in dispelling headaches and reinvigoraling the system.
Not only on the score of health, but also on that of economy, we can speak a word
for the uHe of fruit. Meat is one of the most expensive articles of diet, and in summer
time not the most wliolo.souje. Indeed, souk; physjciuns trace autumnal diarrliea to the
use of meat in th<.' hot weather, giving riat; to alkaloids which are purgative in their
effects. The fruit often gets the blame for what is due after all to the meat. A grain
and fruit diet, according to an eminent English physician, is in summer more healthful
and lesH expensive than a meat diet.
40
54 Victoria. . Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Fruit contains the elements necessary for the nourishment of the body, as will be
seen from the following table showing the composition of the strawberry, viz.:
Water 87 per cent.
Sugar 4 '' "
Free acid 1^ " "
IS itrogen Oj " "
Insoluble matter (5 per cent of which is ash) 7 " "
Who objects to being convinced of the healthfulness and economy of the strawberry
in summer as contrasted with a meat diet "^ Prof. Faraday says of apples :
Let every family in autumn lay in from two to ten or more barrels, and it will be to them the most
economical investment in the whole range of culinary supplies. A raw mellow apple is digested in an hour
and a half, while boiled cabbage requires five hours. The most healthful dessert that can be placed on the
table is baked apple. If taken freely at breakfast with coarse bread and without meat or flesh of any kind, it has
an admirable effect on the general system, often removing constipation, correcting acidities, and cooling off
febrile conditions more effectually than the most approved medicines. If families could be induced to substi-
tute the apple— souud, ripe and luscious — for the pies, cakes, candies and other sweetmeats with which chil-
dren are too often stuffed, there would be a diminution of doctors' bills, sufficient in a single year to lay up
a stock of this delicious fruit for a season's use.
The moral of all this is : Let every farmer plant a fruit garden with such a selection
of varieties as will furnish him with a constant succession of fresh fruits for his family,
and let every townsman make arrangements for a constant supply of fresh fruit from the
fx'uit market.
The second point I want to emphasize is this : (2) Apples form one of the most val-
uable articles which can be given horses and cows in connection with their daily allow-
ance of food. In point of nourishment alone they are equally valuable with carrots for
horses and with turnips Jor cows, and more valuable than mangels pound for pound. On
page 95 of the Report for 1887 will be found a table prepared by Prof. L. B. Arnold, in
which he shows that ripe apples have a feeding value equal to one-third the value of hay,
about 16 cents per 100 Bbs, or 8 cents a bushel. I believe that this is far too low an esti-
mate and in this I am supported by a Mr. E. H. Hutchinson, an American farmer, who
says :
For the general purpose horse of the farmer, I know from actual experience that apples are valuable
food. I have had horses that were in very low condition, from worms, entirely frsed from this trouble
when running among apple trees, where they eat all they want. I believe that a horse not at hard work would
do as well on four quarts of oats and a peck of apples as on a peck of oats per day. If this statement is
true, it would give apples a feeding value of about 20 cents a bushel.
it will be observed that we have here a practical farmer giving apples about two
and a half times the value which Prof. Arnold has allowed to them, viz.: 20 cents per
bushel, or 40 cents per 100 Dd^. Now if this can be proved it will open up a new way of
disposing of a large portion of our apple crop, and increase the value of the farmer's
orchard. If apples can be shown to be worth 20 cents a bushel as food for stock, surely
w^e need not fear over-production or market gluts. And if weight of testimony is of any
use, here is another from a writer in Orchard and Garden. He says •
When some of my pear trees littered the ground with their ripe, mellow fruit, I fed them to my cows.
A peck of pears, with two quarts of meal and bran for a noonday feed increased the milk and butter one-
fourth, and when the apples were ripe and cheap in the market, the horses, cows, pigs and fowls had all
they wanted.
Here are two quotations from the Michigan Farmer. Mr. Charles Dann says :
I have fed apples for twenty years quite exten.sively. During the past three years T have been feeding
twelve cows with them. As soon as the apples attain any size and drop from the trees, I have them picked
up and thrown in the pasture. Some days the stock get as much as ten bushels and I can always see an
increase of milk. The apples are of different varieties, but not very sour. Cut down all trees which produce
apples that will not do to eat. I am feeding two bushels of Baldwins at one time to my cows and get an
82 quart can of milk extra from the fruit.
I have been interested in discussing the value of apples for stock. I h.ad last winter GOO bushels of
apples and began by feeding them to my team, giving them at noon instead of grain, and with apparent
fain to the horses. If the team was hard at work it probably wouM not answer. I had a pen of fatting
ogs to which I had been feeding a bushel of apples for their noon feed. I had no means of makin" accu-
rate tests, but think they did e((ually well. I also gave them ti my cows, a peck at one feeding, with the
result of increasing the yield both of milk and cream. I have also fed them all winter to pigs which I am
keeping over. I am convinced that to feed apples to stock is as i)rofitable and much more satisfactory than to
sell them to be made into cider with the possibility if not the probability that its use will lead to the use of
stronger intoxicants.— i'. A. Bradley.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). , A. 1891
And to acciiiuulate evidence here is a quotation iVoiu a writer in the New York
Tribune :
A few years ago oue of our largest apple growers h:\d a large lot of culls left over. He was ntfered
10 cent< a bushel for them delivered to an evaporating and cider-making concern live or six miles away.
Instead i«f selling them at that pi'ice he bought hogs to eat them. I am at this time unaliie to recall the
details of his method, but whatever other feed was given them was .accuraaely weighed and measured, and
the gross cost at market prices and all other expenses, except the labor of feeding the apples, were duly
charged up against the hosrstill they were killed and marketed, when it was found that the apples had netted
him 32 cents a bushel. The only case of ill result was where a large herd of cows were turned into an
firchard of several hundred trees and permitted to gorge themselves without restraint. liike any <»ther
food, api)les should be fed with much discretion, beginning with small rations and increasing them
gradually.
For several years I liave myself been experimenting in this direction, and must say
that I am more than satisfied with the results. Last winter I fed a toam of horses
about seventy-tive bushels of cull apples which wpre unfit for shipping. They were fed
with cut hay or cornstalks, and chop stuff made of peas and oats ; and a part of" the time
of corn and oats. The ration was made up aV)out as follows: One bushel of cut hay or
cornstalks, one peck apples and one quart chop stuf}'. This was given the team twice a
day when idle, and three times a day when at work, with about 8 or 9 lb. of hay at
night. The result is that the team came through the winter in a far better condition
for work than ever before. There was no need of condition powders with that team.
The old coat of hair was shed early in the spring, and the new one was remarkably sleek
and smooth ; and everyone exclaimed on seeing them, " In what fine condition those
horses are." 1 tried the same diet on a two year old heifer, giving her the same ration
twice a day. Tliat beast is now as fine a one as can be seen for miles around, fat and
sleek and healthy. I have therefore given up growing turnips and carrots for stock, for
I find in my waste apples food as valuable for their nutritious qualities as roots, and
more valuable for their coudimental qualities.
Having, then, such numerous ways of disposing of our fruit crops the encourage-
ment becomes greater for growing them. We can evaporate or feed to stock all second
grade apples and pears, and thus relieve our markets of a class of apples which glut
them with rul)bi.-^h, and anger the bu.sy housewife. Thus also we shall be able to cull
closer our fruit for shipping, and only put up for export the choicest grades, which will
bring the very highest prices ; and secure for our Oanidian apples the reputation which
their excellence de.serves of the very finest in the world.
Prof J. H. P.\yT0>r, of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, then gave his
lecture on " Fertilisation of Plants," a most interesting and valuable address, illustrated
by a chart of colored engravings. This has been published in the Report for 1888.
The evening was enlivened by .some excellent music, contributed at intervals by the
Detroit Medical College Glee Clul^, together with solos from Messrs. A. D. Bowlby and
\V. Paterson^
Resolutions of appreciation of th(^ kind and courteous treatment by the town of
Windsor, of thanks to the press, and to the Glee Club were most heartily passed by the
Association,
The Mayor of Windsor, and others, replied in suitable terms, and the meeting was
closed with " God .Save ti e Queen."
48
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
THE SUMMER MEETING.
The summer meeting was held in the Town Hall, Old Niagara, on Tuesday evening,
July 8th and Wednesday, July 9th, 1890.
The President, A. M. Smith, Esq., called the meetinf? to order at 8 o'clock on Tues-
day evening, when an address of welcome was read by Mr. R. Courneen, President of
the Niagara Fruit Growers' Association.
The President replied to the address in fitting terms, and declared the meeting open
for discussion, suggesting that the Venerable Archdeacon Mc Murray, of Niagara, should
address the audience.
INTRODUCTORY DISCUSSION.
Archdeacon McMurray. — I was very much delighted when I heard that the pres-
ent meeting of the Fruit Grower's Association was to be held in this town, having long
thought that one of its meetings ought to be held here. I have vary carefully followed
the various meetings of the Association in different parts of the province by means of its
publications, of which I am a constant reader, and which I think should be taken and
read by every person at all interested in the growing of fruit or in horticulture. I am
delighted that you should have met here, and anything I can do or say in furtherance of
your objects I shall do most cheerfully. A most interesting paper was recently read
before the society here by Mr. Billups, on the curculio, of which he exhibited numerous
specimens. I should like to hear that paper repeated during the course of the present
meeting. The curculio is an enemy we have to strive manfully against and I am afraid
will attack our peaches as well as plums. I think we may learn something practical dur-
ing this meeting regarding gooseberries. I have some fine gooseberries, but almost all
mildew as the trees get older, and the only thing I can see to do is to keep plantations
coming On. After a tree is six or seven years old it is almost certain to mildew.
GOOSEBERRY MILDEW AND APPLE SPOT.
The Secretary,— Regarding the gooseberry mildew to which the Ven. Archdeacon
has referred, I may say that I have been studying very carefully the reports ^f the United
States Experimental Stations, at which a series of careful experiments have been in pro-
gress connected with mildew and other fungoid diseases, and I believe that means will be
found of stopping mildew without having recourse to cutting down the bushes or destroy-
ing them. Experiments are being made with copper solutions, which are found success-
iul in combatting fungi, and one of them, which is being very successfully applied to apple
spot, I hope may also prove useful for mildew, that is the amraoniacal carbonate of copper. It
is prepared in this way : an ounce of copper carbonate precipitate is dissolved in a quart
of ammonia and diluted with twenty-five gallons of water. I think we should keep care-
ful track of these remedies and try them ourselves. I am this year trying this ammcniacal
solution of carbonate of copper for apple spot and I think I observe some benefit from it
already, although I did not begin so early in the season as I ought to have done. It
should be applied before the buds open at all for apple scab, and also, of course very early
for mildew, because these fungi live through the winter in some way and the action of
these copper solutions is preventive rather than curative. The reason I did not apply it
as early as would have been desirable was that our local druggist did not keep it in stock,
it being an article not in demand at present and it was not until after a good deal of urg-
ing that he wrote to a wholesale druggist and succeeded in procuring it.
4 (F. a.) 49
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
Mr. BucKE. — That is for the apple spot.
The Secretary. — Yes. Hypo-sulphite of soda has been recommended and has been
used by some with success, but it is not nearly so effective as this carbonate of copper.
The only difficulty with thfe carbonate of copper is that the ammonia renders it soluble,
and we have to spray our trees with Paris green as well, which makes extra work. If
some way could be devised of using the copper carbonate and Paris green together it
would save labor, but unless the ammonia can be dispensed with it cannot be done,,
because it makes the Paris green too injurious to the foliage.
Mr. Oraig. — At the Experimental Farm some work was tried in the same line with
the Paris green and the carbonate of copper without ammonia to see if there was any
beneficial effect, and with carbonate of copper alone and in suspension. I lind that in
water it will remain in suspension as well as Paris green, «o it is possible it may be used
without ammonia as a solvent. If, as the secretary has suggested, we can get a combined
insecticide and fungicide it will be a very valuable acquisition. The carbonate of copper
costs about sixty cents per pound in the precipitated form. Large trees will take from
one to three gallons to do them fairly, that is of the mixture with Paris green.
Mr. BucKE. — That amount of the stuff' would make a very large quantity of
the mixture.
Mr. CuAiG. — Yes. We have used a different strength from that mentioned by Mr.
Woolverton ; I have used it from one to three ounces and at the rate of twenty- two gallons.
I do not think there is any doubt we will be able to get some results which can be
followed up next year.
The Secretary. — As this is an interesting topic I do not think it out of place to fol-
low it up. I would like to add that I have been applying it to the pear as well. This-
year the Flemish Beautys are horrible, covered with scabs and curling up in every shape
on the side in which the scab has aflected them and are certainly going to be utterly
worthless. Of course it was too late with them ; I could not get it in time to apply early
enough, but I really think I see some results from its application after the scab made its
appearance. I have tried it on pear trees standing side by side, applying it to one and
not touching the next and I think I can see a difference. I have not tried the sulphate
of copper alone.
Mr. Oraig. — I was very much surprised to find that applied in the proportions given
at Washington it injured the leaves.
Archdeacon McMurray. — Would it not be well also to give us the proportions in
which Paris green and other chemicals should be applied.
The Secretary. — The quantity of Paris green that it is safe to apply is about three
ounces to fifty gallons of water. I think that is quite as strong as we dare use it, and about
two ounces (k the carbonate of copper to fifty gollons, mixed with the other. If you use
the carbonate of copper without the ammonia, it, being a powder, can be used with the
Paris green.
Mr. Beall. — You mean adding one powder to the other with the one quantity of
water — fifty gallons ?
The Secretarv. — Yes. The two of them in solution with water. Take a barrel
that holds fifty gallons and put in three ounces of Paris green and two ounces of the
copper. Even with that strength I have often found that I have injured the foliage, but
that, I think, is because I stopjjud too long at a tree and sprayed it too heavily, for I
think too much can be put on in that way.
Mr, A. C. BiLLUPS. — What eflect has the Paris green u))on the leaves'!
The Secretary. — They look as if burned, and then drop.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — Have you noticed that the carbonate of copper has any effect upon
the curculio when used witliout the Paris green 1
The SK<;REiAKy. — I do not know whether it would or not, not having experimented
in that line.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
A Member. — Do you find any difference between the solution made with ammonia
and the suspended solution ?
The Secretary. — I have not experimented long enough to be able to say.
Mr. Beall. — The rev. gentleman here, spoke of cutting up a large number of bushes ;
I hope he destroyed them.
Archdeacon McMurray. — I destroyed them.
Mr. Morris. — It is my opinion that mildew in gooseberries is caused by cold nights
and warm days. This season we have been comparatively feee from cold nights, which
I think has had a good deal to do with it.
Mr. Beall. — I may say we had cold nights and hot days similar to other years ;.
there has been only a very slight difference in the maximum temperature of this and other
years.
Mr. T. H. Race (Mitchell). — My theory is, and I will always adhere to it, that
nature's methods are more perfect than those of man, and if nature is not obstructed in
her operations she generally attains perfection. I attribute my success in gooseberry
culture to a free circulation of air, plenty of sunlight and the application of ashes to the
soil. I have had no mildew for years, but you will not find another garden in the town
in which I live in which there is not mildew. When I say ashes of course I mean hard-
wood ashes. I have about 200 bushes of Whitesmith, and I have Crown Bob and
Industry, which are my leading varieties, and I defy any man to come into my place and
tind a single case of mildew. The Whitesmith I have seven years, the Industry four
years and the Crown Bob two years. I apply ashes very heavily, which is the only
fertiliser I give them. There is just one other thing on which I would like to ask an
opinion. Five years ago I had a row of Whitesmith gooseberries, about 30 in a row. I
wanted to manure them very heavily and I wheeled out fresh manure from the horse
stables and dag it in very heavily about half the length of the row, and the remainder I
manured very heavily from the cow stable. A few weeks afterward I noticed a rank,
fungous growth on the ground manured from the horse stable and the bushes immediately
above that mildewed, while there was no indication of mildew at all on that part
manured from the cow stable.
Archdeacon McMorray. — What quantity of ashes do you apply 'i
Mri Race. — My Whitesmiths are planted five feet apart in a row, and I started with
ashes by putting a pailful of ashes between every two bushes. That was a pretty heavy
application but I saw good results from it, and every year after I applied about half
that quantity.
Mr. Morden. — My theory is that the fresh horse manure iujured the roots of the
plants spoken of by Mr. Race and therefore the fungus could take effect the more readily
upon them. Manure from a horse stable, applied in large quantities, will injure almost
any tree or plant except corn, which will stand a good quantity. As an illustration of
this, I put a hot-bed within ten feet of a large black cherry tree, at least ten inches in
diameter and it was within twenty feet oi a mountain ash and that hot-bed killed them
both. I have wheeled out stable manure and laid it on an open space where some goose-
berry bushes got broken down and I found that the bushes on each side were materially
injured by nothing else than the heating of the manure.
Mr. Race. — The condition that induces mildew is in the plant ?
Mr. Morden. — Yes. I believe a healthy plant has a greater resisting power than a
feeble one.
Archdeacon McMurray. — I thought the condition which induced mildew was a
humid atmosphere.
Mr. Morden. — Yes ; but what I mean is this, that a healthy plant has greater
powers of resistance ; it will not be attacked so quickly nor to the same extent as a sickly
plant would be. A plant i)i which a rank and rapid growth is induced is not in a healthy
state.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. Race. — I think the horse manure produces mildew by a condition in the atmos-
phere arising from gases of some kind.
Mr. Morris. — I think Mr. Morden is right, and that too much manure will induce
an unhealthy growth ; but ashes, on the other hand, while it produces a strong growth
produces healthy wood. I have had a good deal of experience in the use of ashes and I
think their use makes a strong, healthy bush, able to withstand the attacks of mildew.
I know that a pear tree with ashes is not nearly so liable to blight as one with manure.
Mr. BucKE. — I think if Mr. Race had applied the manure in a rotten state the result
would have been different. I have never yet succeeded in killing gooseberries with old,
rotten manure.
THE CURCULIO,
Archdeacon McMurray. — Regarding the curculio, I was very anxious to know how
lonf it would remain after the fruit falls from the tree, how long it would be before the
young curculio makes its appearance. I asked the question and was told not more than
four or five days. [ had no idea it would come out so quickly as that ; I thought a fort-
night or three weeks.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — In reference to the curculio leaving plums, I find that under various
circumstances they leave at different times. I have noticed that in mild, warm, still days
the plum does not generally fall until relieved. In that case the curculio leaves sooner
than if the plum had been blown off by a storm, in which case it remains for some time.
I would like to know if anyone who has studied the matter can tell definitely the average
time the larva takes, after the plum has fallen, before it enters the ground.
The Secretary. — I do not think anyone present can answer that.
Mr. BiLLUPs. — I think it is one of the few things Prof. Saunders has failed to men-
tion. I think if farmers would only take the trouble to gather the fallen plums at inter-
vals of two or three days and destroying them it would do much good not only with plums
but with cherries. I have found in several instances this summer that over 90 per cent.
of the cherries have been bitten by the curculio.
The Secretary. — I have been experimenting with helleboie in water and spraying
cherry and plum trees, part of them with it and part with Paris green, and I am certain
I had better results with the hellebore than with the Paris green, that is from one sea-
son's experience. The proportions were the same as we used for the currant worm. The
cherry trees upon which I tried it are free from curculio, but unfortunately they are
rotting badly.
Mr. BiLLU'PS. — The use of Paris green is very unsatisfactory indeed. I have never
seen any experiments with hellebore, but I do not think it could well be less satisfactory
than Paris green. The dose of Paris green people here use is a teaspoonful to five quart
pails. I think that it is a very heavy dose, and though, in my experience it has not
injured the foliage at all it is not at all satisfactory.
The Secretarv. — I think one reason is that it is not used early enough.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I may say also that I think it is not applied late enough.
Archdeacon MuMurray. — Is there any way of reaching the curculio after it has
fallen and reached the ground '< Wuuld not some alkali thrown around as far as the limbs
extend be of some benefit 'I
Mr. BiLLUPH. — I do not think it would have any efft?ct ; as so soon as the chrysalis
has rf'Hched the open in the spring the curculio gives off a perfect insect, ready for work.
I do not know that it eats very much ; once the curculio comes from the chrysalis its
only object in life is to lay its eggs and tluin it d'wa. 1 do not think that any alkaline poison
around the ground would have any effcicl. Indeed I may say I do not know that Paris
green itself actually kills the curculio ; I think it po8sil>ly finds th(!r»! something unftleasant
on the plum an<l therefore leav«!s it. I Ix'lievtf that sprinkling with some kind of ashes o •
oiaderb would be almost as elficacious as Paris green. I think Paris green acts more as a
52
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A 1891
mechanical barrier than as a poison. I mean that the curculio reaches the plum and finds
it is covered with a rough substance and leaves it. I do not believe it eats the poison
and suffers thereby, but I believe it merely leaves the tree.
The Secretary. — Do you not think it eats the leaves that are poisoned 1
Mr. BiLLUPS. do not think so.
The Secretary. — It has been found by confining the curculio in a box that it will
eat plum leaves.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I have found the curculio eating paper, sawdust and many other things
too ; they are very fond of destroying things.
A Member. — What do you think they feed on 1
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I think the curculio has very little need of feeding ; I think all the
feeding is done in the larval state. They will live six or eight months without eating.
The Member. — Well, I do not agree with that. Can you account for the numerous
holes in the plum leaves ?
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I think the insects are trying to find a place to lay their eggs.
Mr. Pettit. — Have you noticed any difference in different grades of Paris green with
regard to its dissolving in water ?
Mr. BiLLUPS. — No ; I did not know that Paris green would dissolve at all : I thought
it was merely a suspended solution.
The Secretary. — You are correct in that, but perhaps the gentleman may mean that
some grades are heavier than others.
A Member. — With some the water will remain clear and with others the water is
green. With some grades the particles are large and with others small.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — That is because of some glutinous matter in the Paris green which
sets together the grains, and that glutinous matter would not be dissolved by cold water,
but I do not think that either hot or cold water will give a chemical solution of Paris green.
A Member. — How do you account for potato bugs being poisoned 1
Mr. BiLLUPS. — If you notice the leaf of the plum tree or potato you will notice a well
defined mark of the Paris green. In a chemical solution it is combined with the water, in
a suspensory solution the water evaporates. The only object of mixing Paris green with
water is to secure its even distribution over a large area. If it is necessary to have a
chemical solution the use of ammonia is requisite.
The President. — We have a gentleman here, Mr. Morden, who knows something of
chemistry : perhaps he can tell us something aboixt this matter.
Mr. Morden. — It is generally understood that Paris green is not soluble in water.
This year I used Paris green for the currant worm for which I had previously applied
hellebore. I dissolved the paris green in ammonia and applied it at the rate of a tea-
spoonful of Paris green to five gallons of water, just half the strength. I have been in the
habit of applying it in the suspended state and I had good result. In the suspended solu-
tion it settles in drops on the surface of the leaf, and a considerable portion of the Paris
green settles in that particular drop, just as in a pail of water, and it consequently can-
not be as effective, because the insect may traverse a considerable portion of the leaf before
it reaches that part. I am so much satisfied with the results that next year I am going
to apply no hellebore at all, but the ammoniacal solution of Paris green.
Mr. Craig. — 1 fancy the reason you find greater effect from the ammoniacal .solution
is owing to the fact that more of the Paris green is brought into contact with the leaves
than there would be in a suspended solution.
Mr. Morden. — Ammonia is one of the best tests of Paris green we have. Pure Paris
green will dissolve without sediment, but there is no pure Paris green on the market. I
would not object to a small quantity of sediment, but I do not think there should be over
one- tenth.
53
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. BucKE. — How do you mix the two together ?
Mr. MoRDEN. — I take a little Paris green and pour it in a flat vessel, moistening it
with water before putting in the ammonia, because there is sometimes a little mucilaginous
matter at the bottom and you can then get a better solution with the ammonia. The solu-
tion is a bluish green.
Mr. Beall. — I intended this spring to have used the ammoniacal solution spoken of
for mildew on gooseberry bushes, with which I have been a good deal troubled and had I
done so 1 should have no doubt said it succeeded admirably, because this year I have not
had one particle of mildew in any variety ; but I made only one very slight application of
Paris green. The point I want to make is that we should not jump at conclusions too
soon after making an experiment ; it is something which requires a long experience and
extended observation and the results should be ascertained very carefully and accurately.
THE APPLE SCAB.
The following paper on this subject was afterwards contributed by Mr. D. W.
Beadle, of St. Catharines :
Much loss has been sustained by the injuries caused by this fungus to many of our
most popular apples, notably to the Snow apple, Northern Spy, Early Harvest, and
others. The late John Oroil stated that the loss to him was so serious as to amount to
thousands of dollars. In former volumes of the Canadian Horticulturist attention was
drawn to some experiments made with hypo-sulphite of soda which gave promise of our
finding in that fungicide a remedy. Since then experiments have been made with other
substances known to possess fungus destroying properties. An account is given in the
bulletin of the Agricultural Ex[)eriment Station, of the State of Michigan, for April,
1890, of some experiments made there by Mr. L. K. Taft, the horticulturist, the substance
of which cannot fail to be deeply interesting to all of our orchardists.
Twelve trees of the Northern Spy were chosen as the subjects of these experiments.
The fungicides used were the following : (1) Potassium sulphide, but which of the
sulphides is not stated : (2) sodium hyposulphite; (3) a sulphur solution; (4) copper
carbonate and ammonia ; (5) modified eau celeste, composed of copper sulphate, car-
bonate of soda and ammonia. Copper sulphate is popularly known as blue vitriol. Two
trees each were sprayed with one of these five fungicides, and two were not sprayed at
all. The spraying was done with the little climax pump made by the Nixon Nozzle
and Machine Co., Drayton, Ohio. Care was taken to cover every leaf and fruit with a
fine mist-like spray, using about three gallons to each tree. The time occupied was about
ten minutes to a tree, but the report states that with a large Nixon or field pump not
over three minutes would be needed for spraying a tree. The applications were first
made on the 24th of May, 1889, and the second on June 6th, at which date there was no
appearance of scab on the fruit, nor of injury to the foliage from any of the fungicides.
On June 12th a third application was made, and at this time there was no appearance of
scab or of injury from the use of the chemicals. The fourth spraying was given on the
2.0th of June, and now the .scab was visiljle on both the fruit and leaves of all the trees,
also the leaves of the two trees sprayed with sodium hyposulphite were turning brown at
the edges. July 6th the trees were sprayed a fifth time. At this and subsequent
ap[»lications of the .sodium hyposulphite the strength was reduced by the addition of two
more gallons of water, and no further injury to the foliage was perceived. A sixth
spraying was given July 24th when a slight increase was noticed in the size of the spots,
and but very few new scab spots could be found. The seventh and last application was
made August Ist, at which time no new spots were forming, and tlu^ spots tiiat had
forme<l were not spreading.
There were frf'f|uent rains during the period covered by these experiments. Ilain
fell on May 21>th and continutid at intervals until June 4th, falling again on the night of
June Gth and continuing lightly for the two following days, with frequent showers up to
June 2.0th. There wan no rain from that date until the 14th of July, but a steady rain
64
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
•set in on that day, lasting through the 15th, succeeded by several heavy showers between
'that and August 1st. All of the solutions except the two containing copper, Nos. 4 and
5, were easily washed off.
Early in October the apples were gathered and assorted into three classes, those
entirely free from scab, those slightly, and the badly scabby. The apples in each class
were then counted and weighed, with the following result : The trees sprayed with
potassium sulphide yielded 1,944 apples free from scab, weighing 441 1 5) ; 5,659 were
slightly scabby, weighing l,171f ft ; 15 were bady scabby, weighing 2 lb ; that is 25.5
per cent, were free, 74.3 percent, slightly scabby, and 0.2 per cent, badly scabby. With
sodium hypo-sulphite 1,715 were free, weighing 419f 5) ; 5,484 slightly scabby, weighing
l,218f It); 65 badly scabby, weighing 10| tt) ; or 23.6 per cent, free, 75.4 per cent,
slightly, and 0.89 per cent, badly scabby. "With the sulphur solution 1,010 were free,
weighing 278 S> ; 4,643 slightly, weighing 1,146| lb ; 65 badly scabby, weighing 10| lb ;
which is" 17.6 free, 81.2 slightly, and 1.1 per cent, badly scabby. Copper carbonate with
ammonia give 4,289 free, weighing 1,107^ R ; 4,067 slightly scabby, weighing 913| lb ;
13 badly, weighing 2 5) ; which is 51.2 per cent, free, 48.6 slightly, and 0.16 per cent,
badly scabby. The two sprayed with modified eau celeste yielded 3,983 free, weighing
1,174 lb ; 1,178 slightly, weighing 519^ Bb ; 11 badly, weighing 2ft); or 68.8 per cent,
free, 31.0 per cent, slightly, and 0.2 per cent, badly scabby. A marked difference is seen
in the product of the two trees not sprayed, of which only 365 apples, weighing 101 ft)
were free from scab; 2,498, weighing 681f R were slightly, and 51, weighing 13| lb were
badly scabby ; that is, only 12.5 per cent, were clean, 85.7 percent, were slightly scabby,
and 1.8 per cent, badly.
The chemicals used were bought at the drug store in small quantities, costing as
follows : Potassium sulphide 40 cents per lb, sodium hyposulphite 6 cents, copper car-
bonate 60 cents, copper sulphate 10 cents, sodium carbonate 5 cents, and ammonia 35
cents a quart. At these prices the cost of five applications per tree, including labor, was
for potassium sulphide 20c., sodium hyposulphite 12jc., copper carbonate and ammonia
*25c., modified eau celeste 30c.
The experimenter is of the opinion that if the spring and early summer should be
comparatively dry three applications at intervals of four weeks of either of the copper
mixtures will be sufficient. If the spring should be cold and wet five sprayings at inter-
vals of every three weeks will be required. When the trees are sprayed just after the
blossoms fail for the codlin moth, the fungicide may be added to the solution of Paris
green, thereby saving all extra labor in the first application. When large orchards are
to be sprayed the chemicals can be purchased at wholesale, thereby effecting a consider-
able saving in cost of material.
It will be seen that the copper mixtures are by for the most efficacious, therefore
passing the others by, we give the formula for preparing these as recommended by Mr.
Taft in his very interesting and valuable report.
Copper carbonate and ammonia. Mix three ounces of copper carbonate with one
quart of ammonia, and as soon as all action has ceased dilute with water to twenty-eight
gallons.
Modified eau celeste. Dissolve two pounds of copper sulphate in hot water ; in
another vessel dissolve two pounds and a half of carbonate of soda. When both are fully
dissolved mix the solutions together. Before using add a pint and a half of ammonia
and then dilute to thirty or thirty-two gallons with water.
It will be noticed that the best results were obtained with this last mentioned mix-
ture, and there seems to be good reason to believe that in the case of varieties subject to
the scab fully fifty per cent, will be added to the value of the crop by its use.
I am just in receipt of reply from Prof. Taft. He thinks that the ammonia if added
to the Pans green just before using would dissolve the arsenic to only a slight extent.
He adds however that he feels like recommending the following formula for the first two
applications, viz., dissolve in hot water 2 pounds of sulphate of copper. In another vessel
dissolve 2 lb of carbonate of soda ; mix in a tub ; after all action has ceased dilute to 32
gallons. There would be no danger of dissolving the arsenic by adding this to the Paris
green. He believes, however, that the copper solution alone will have sufficient poison-
55
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
insf effect to destroy the codlin worm. If that be the case, the Paris green can be
omitted altogether. In the last two or three applications he would add the ammonia to
the copper and soda as prescribed in the formula given in my paper. (See report 1890).
He further says that if this copper mixture is applied early enough and occasionally re-
peated, it will prevent both mildews of the grape. With reference to the curculio he
says, " From what I have seen of the use of hellebore t consider it fully as effectual " as
the arsenites.
POINTS IN PEACH GROWING IN THE NIAGARA DISTRICT.
The Secretary, Mr. L. Woolverton,of Grimsby, read the following paper on this subject :
After the good success which has been the fortune of peach growers in this immediate
neighborhood of late and the failures which have been our lot in other sections of the
Niagara peninsula, it ill becomes a Grimsby man to come here to speak upon this subject.
I will not inflict upon you a length}' paper but only mention a few points which may lead
on to a discussion of this subject.
After some twenty years of experience in peach growing, during which time the fail-
ures far outnumber the successes, I am still of the opinion that it pays us in this region to
grow peaches for profit. Even if we only get one good crop in five years, and that is no
worse than our luck sometimes has been, the peach is still worthy of a place on our fruit
farms. A good yield will sometimes pay the owner as much as .$200 per acre, and this
gives an average of S40 per acre for five years, supposing he is that unfortunate, while
at the same time he is supported by the chance of better things.
Careful attention to a few points will go a good way toward making peach growing
profitable. One is, of course a wise selection of varieties. Our president recommended,
at our last winter meeting, the following as his choice of six for profit : Alexander, Early
Rivers, Hales, Crawford's Early, Wager, Bowslaugh's Late. These are excellent ; but I
am becoming more and more discouraged with the Early Crawford. This season, for
instance, when I have a fair show of others in the orchard there are no Crawfords. Last
year it was the same, and indeed this so often happens that it has become almost the rule.
Now when we get this peach it is so fine that we feel as if we wanted to grow no other,
but we do not get it and we must choose between no fruit or fruit of a less desirable
quality. Our American friends, at the last meeting of the N. Y. State Horticultural
Society, stated that two varieties lately tested by them had been found to be reliable
bearers, viz. : Hynes' Surprise, and llorton Rivers. The latter is a seedling of the Early
Rivers and possesses many of the exeellencies of that very desirable variety. We have
also some seedlings of Canadian origin which seem to promise well ; as, for instance, one
originating at Chatham, with a Mr. Scott, one at St. Catharines with our president, and
the one mentioned above, which originated at Grimsby with Mr. Bowslaugh.
1 have tried many other kinds besides the above mentioned but nearly all have some
fault. I will mention among them the following, viz. : Early Purple, Early A'ork, Royal
George, Sweet Water, Honest John, Early Barnard, Early Beatrice, Early Louise, Old-
mixon, Jacques Rareripe, Late Cra vford, Morris White, iuemon Cling and Smock
In addition to these, I have now under testing, among others, the following : Troth's
Early, Christiana, Salway, Steven's Rareripi;, Wh(!atland, Willet's, Conkling, Cooledge's
Favorite, Fouler, Hill's Chili, Lord I'alinerston, May's Choice, Mountain Rose, Richmond,
Salway, Schuraaker, Pineapple, Globe and Centennial.
While I hope that of these latter [ may find some of suHicicnt value to be placed on
a list of the six best kinds when I report n(!xt to you, I am loth to leave out one or two
in the former list, as e.(/. the (jldmixon, one of the grandest old varieties, both in quality
and appearance tliat I have cultivated ; but it is tender, and worse than all it seems to be
peculiarly subject to the yellows. The Smock, too, is a variety that I have highly valued
as a late vari<;ty, but I bt;lieve its place will be better suppliod by the Steven's Rareripe.
Another very important point in peach growing is the selection of a suitable site
.56
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 12). A. 1891
and congenial soil, for the peach is very hard to please in this respect. It demands, for
best results, a well drained sand loam or gravelly soil. I have tried orchards on sand, clay
loam, sandy loam, both high and low, but my best orchard is on an elevated piece of
ground of about five acres in extent. On other parts the trees have been short-lived and
unsatisfactory, especially on the clay loam.
I am in favor of rather close planting of the peach trees on account of their liability
to die of yellows at an early age. If our trees lived, now as they did in the days of our
fathers, when it was not uncommon to meet with orchards twenty-five or thirty years
planted, then a distance of twenty feet would be needed ; but as it is I am inclined to
plant at about twelve feet apart.
The method of pruning has much to do with deciding the distance of planting. If the
limbs are allowed to grow to any length, spreading out like bare poles, with foliage
and fruit far out towards the ends, certainly close planting would not answer. But this
method of pruning is out of date in Canada, even trees so treated die early, and are not so
productive as when properly shortened in. Of late years 1 have become more and more
convinced of the great importance of the shortening in system of pruning the peach tree,
and every year practice it to a greater extent. The idea is simply to cut back the new
growth about one-half every spring ; and in case of neglected orchards which have already
become straggling, to cut back the old wood severely ; and in this way an abundant supply
of young wood is kept up which is productive of bt tter fruit and a greater abundance of
it. An orchard so treated will also live longer and be more attractive in appearance.
The peach orchard must have thorough cultivation, especially in the early part of the
season. I usually plow twice in the early part of the season, and then cease cultivation,
in order that the wood may mati:re well before the cold weather.
The peach has its share of enemies and diseases, chief among which are the curl, the
curculio, the borer and the yellows. For the curl I know of no remedy. It is not often
severe, but sometimes with the diseased leaves the fruit also drops. I have little difiiculty
with the borer. I always heap up my trees with earth in the spring and when Mr. Egeria
exitiosa, as the entomologists call him, attempts to get a place in the tender part at the
collar of the tree he finds he is blocked out by the earth. The Yellows is st^ll as great a
mystery as ever, notwithstanding the enormous expense incurred by the Department of
Agriculture of the U. S. in trying to understand it. I have looked carefully through the
report on the subject faithfully and elaborately prepared by Prof. Erwin Smith, but can
find no better method of eradicating this scourge than the one which you and I have been
faithfully employing for years past, and that is, rooting out every case as soon as discovered.
Prof. Burrill, of Champagne, III., the discoverer of the microbes which cause the
pear to blight, called on me last year. He showed me through his powerful microscope
the microbe accompanying the yellows, but he said that its mode of operation was still a
mystery, and he could not yet say whether it was the cause of the disease or an accompani-
ment of the unhealthy conditions.
Packages and packing ai'e important in the handling of a crop. The old bushel crate
has entirely passed out of use with us in Canada. The half bushel and basket has given
place to a twelve quart basket, and now the question is whether this is not too large. I
intend to use, for choice samples during the growing season, the ten-pound grape basket,
putting only the finest in this package and the ordinary in a larger package ; but I shall
weary you, gentlemen, if I go into details in matters concerning which you have as much
experience as I have.
I only hope that the difficulties in respect to hardy varieties of merit and of insect
enemies and fungus diseases may be so far overcome that peach culture in this favored
peninsula may take the place it should among our most profitable industries.
57
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12.) A. 1891
Archdeacon McMdrray. — Are you troubled any with borers 1 A number of years
ago I planted seventy trees from Ohio, and those worms destroyed all my trees.
The Secretary. — I have been troubled with them, but not so much of late. I pre-
sume that the trees you fjot from Ohio had the borers in them, and as you did not notice
them and did not get them out they destroyed the trees. If the borer is in the orchard
the only way is to go with a knife, and wherever you see any castings or wax oozing
from the root you may be sure there is a borer, and by removing a little earth you will
soon find a hollow place in the bark, and can easily find the larva of this borer and
destroy it. This should be done every summer. But I have been very successful with
the method I have described in the paper ; that is, by going over my peach orchard early
in June and heaping up the trees with earth. It takes very little time and where the
orchard has been plowed up it is very little trouble to heap a mound of earth around
every tree, and that will effectually keep out the borer, because the moth deposits the egg
at the collar of the tree. If it deposits it higher the bark is too dry and it is not likely
the borer will hatch out, and if it does it will not do any great mischief. I leave these
mounds there during the summer ; the moth deposits its eggs during June, July and
August, and it is during those months the protection is needed.
^Er. NiCHOL. — Is that a distinct insect from the apple borer 1
The Secretary. — 1 es. The peach borer, I believe, will live sometimes two years,
but generally only one ; it will remain in the tree from one to two years before it trans-
forms into a chrysalis. The parent of a peach borer is a moth ; the apple tree borer
is a beetle.
Mr. Morris. — I quite agree with the paper read by the secretary, with the excep-
tion of what he says as to varieties. I do not think he has mentioned the most profit-
able ones at all, that is Wager and IMountain Rose. I agree with him as far as the
y.arly Crawfords are concerned. I have planted five thousand of them in my time, but
would not now^I plant another. I do not think, as the secretaiy has said, that too much
can be said in favor of early cultivation ; the only orchards having any fruit this year,
that I have seen, are those which have been early cultivated.
Mr. Service. — Which is the most successful, the yellow or the white?
The Secretary. — I think, as a rule. I have got more fruit from the white lleshed, but
with the exception of one variety, the Wager, I have not tried it sufiiciently long to say
much about it. Last year it was a most abundant bearer.
Mr. NiCHOL.— I have found coal ashes very valuable, not only for the borer ; it is
an excellent mulch for young fruit trees, and is a protection against drouth and mice. I
have applied it heavily, and although there is no fertilising matter in it I have seen no
bad effects from it.
Mr. Morris. — I would ask the secretary if he does not think trees with long trunks
are more subject to disease and borers than short stemmed ones 1
The Secretary. — I do not know whether it has any effect as far as the borer is con-
cerned, but I am strongly in favor of low-headed peach trees and keeping them
down pretty low. I believe in low trees in the first place, and I keep them down after-
wards by constantly cutting them back. I think a very great mistake is made in the
method of pruning peach trees all through this section of the country. It is not only the
trunk, but all the limbs from the trunk are bare for so many feet; you have just tufts of
branches away out at the ends of these limbs, and as a result there is very little new
growth from such pruning, and the trees very soon die of old age. I know that is
the great fault of the growers at Grimsby. I do not think the trees are so produc-
tive as when kept down. The object of the borer, of course, is to get into the
root, and as long as we have heap of earth or anything to prevent his finding his way
to the root of the tree I do not think ' would much matter about the height of the
trff.
Mr. BiLLLPS. — Do you think the mound of earth prevents them i
The Secretary. — It prevents their reaching the spot they want to get to.
58
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Mr. BiLLUPS. — Don't you think it has often an opposite effect — that it harbors
them ?
The Secretary. — You must be careful to take out any borers before you put the
earth around about the trees. If they have been exposed during the season the borer ought
to be dug out in the autumn or early spring and the trees then banked up and left
30 during June, July and August, when the moth is flying around seeking a place to
deposit it eggs.
A Member, — How do you cultivate low-headed trees 1
The Secretary. — I manage to get quite near them. I suppose the trunk will be
two and a half or three feet from the ground, and then by keeping them well cut back
the branches get bushy and you can get pretty close to them, especially if your harness
is adapted for the work.
]\Ir. BiLLUPS. — Is it an established fact that the moth of the borer places the eggs
upon the stem of the tree or in the earth surrounding the tree. In the little experience
I have had I have generally found the borer a little below the surface of the ground.
The moth certainly cannot find its way under the ground to deposit its eggs.
The Secretary. — I think, though I won't say positively, that it is deposited in the
tender bark near the surface of the earth, where the root begins, but I have noticed that
when the larva becomes full grown it emerges from the tree and transforms in the cast-
ings outside.
FRUIT CULTURE IN THE NIAGARA DISTRICT.
The President. — I find on the programe for discussion the following question : " Is
fruit culture on the increase or the decrease in the Niagara District, and is fruit growing
more profitable than grain and root crops, taking into consideration the large amount of
labor, attention and fertilisers required for the fruit crop, the insect enemies, off years of
bearing, etc 1 "
Mr, GouRNEEN. — There is no doubt that fruit culture is on the increase.
Mr. Ball. — Last year there was more fruit shipped from the township of Niagara
than from the next two counties to it.
Archdeacon McMurray. — There have been tens of thousand of peach trees put out
this spring within three or four miles of this place.
The President. — The fact that it is on the increase may be taken as an indication
that it is more profitable, but the question is whether it is more profitable when the
amount of labor expended and the losses of one kind or other are taken into consider-
ation.
Mr. Ball — A few years ago all you could get for land here was $50 per acre, but
now no person would think of asking less than $100 per acre or over for land suited for
fruit culture.
Mr. Morris. — The planting of fruit is very much on the increase every year.
Mr. Nelles. — I think it pays. We have a very fair crop every year. This is the
5rst year we have missed having an average crop, and this spring we felt sure of having
an immense crop.
The Secretary. — What do you reckon is the average profit of an acre of peaches i
Mr. Nelles. — I have not figured it down that fine.
Mr. Morris. — We have an orchard of four acres of peaches, all the varieties we can
get hold of, and one year we had $1,500 off that four acres. If the peaches had all
been of one profitable variety we would have made three times as much as that, for
many of the varieties did not pay anything at all. That orchard is about five years old.
It is true that it has not since produced anything so good, but I think this year it is
going to do fully as well.
59
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
Archdeacon McMurray. — I am told that $1,500 off four acres, clearing $1,200
profit, is what ^Ir. Carnochan did. I myself had one tree from which we took eighteen
baskets, besides four that were destroyed.
The Secretary. — I think we ought also to look at the other side. I have planted
several orchards, from some of which I have never had a crop ; that is the reverse of
the shield. My cousin, on the next farm, certainly did reap one enormous crop from
ten acres of peaches, from which he got $3,000, but he never got another like it ; 1 think
it was the first and the last real good crop. I do not think, on the average, peach cul-
ture pays any better than any other kind of fruit growing. I think it is hardly wise to
let these glowing statements go out without some little qualification.
THE SUITABILITY OF ORNAMENTAL TREES.
At the opening of the meeting on Wednesday morning Mr. D. Nichol, of Cataraqui,,
read the following paper :
In the eastern and northern parts of Ontario'there are annually expended thousands
of dollars for ornamental as well as for fruit trees, which to the purchaser are worthless. I
think most of you are quite familiar with this fact. No doubt this subject has often been
discussed at previous meetings of this kind, but still the evil continues increasingly.
Travelling tree agents, as a class, are not men of practical experience, consequently they
cannot be supposed to possess a correct knowledge of the requirements of the dwellers in
the various localities. In this locality you can grow many trees which cannot be success-
fully grown in by far the greater part of Ontario. Each succeeding generation of farmers
in the colder districts goes through the same expensive experience, and the probability is
that so long as only about one in fifty read a horticultural or an agricultural journal, so long
will they continue to be imposed upon, unless some means can be devised for preventing
the imposition.
I do not pretend to have discovered a remedy, but would merely enunciate some
ideas gleaned from observation and a long practical experience which may lead to a dis-
cussion that may perchance be profitable to some.
According to the programme I &m also to speak of some mistakes which are made
concerning ornamental trees. I will not undertake to tell you all the mistakes I have
made myself because some mistakes I have made in this matter were so stupid I would be
ashamed to tell you of them ; so I will briefly notice only a few things, without using any
technical names.
Although the catalpa, tulip-tree, Kentucky coffee-tree, the magnolias, the cypress,
ailanthus, laburnum, enonymus, buttonwood, persimmon and sassaffras are not suitable for
our northern climate, there is certainly no lack of variety of beautiful trees which can be
rer''d on as being hardy enough and in every way suitable for any inhabited part of
Ontario. Among evergreens we have the hemlock spruce, which for gracefulness of habit
and richness in color of foliage is not excelled by any foreign variety that 1 know of. I
often wonder why it is so seldom planttd and grown as an ornamental tree. Perhaps by
some it may Vje considered too common, but that is a mistake, for, according to present
indications, it will soon become one of the most uncommon trees in this country. We
have also the Norway spruce, the Ijlack, white and blue spruce, the balsam fir, arborvita-s in
great variety, red cedar and the retinispora, the Austrian pine, Scotch pine, VVeyitouth
pine and a lot of other pines, which, when grown as single specimens witli plenty of room
make beautiful ornamei.tal trees. Then among deciduous trees, besides all the glori-
ous maples, elms, aHheu and mountain ashes, we have the basswood, Kuropcan larch,
European white birch, /< merican canoe birch, purple birch and the cut-leafed weeping birch.
Trees of all these kinds, when properly grown as single specimens, are admirable.
One prevailing er/'or in regard to this mattf^r is planting trees too closely together
wh(;rever thciy are planted. Not long ago I saw growing on a lawn in front of a house
three l^autiful trees of considerable size ; one each of the purple beech, cut-leaf maple-
60
M Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
and weeping birch. They were only twelve feet apart and beginning to crowd each other,
consequently in about three more years the two outer ones will be lop sided and the middle
one a spindling scrub. I have seen thousands of fine trees ruined in the same way. Indeed
it is only in rare instances they are given sufficient room to display their natural beauty.
I speak only of ornamental trees and will not encroach on forestry, at least, on this occasion.
Another objectionable practice is that of clipping or trimming evergreen trees into
various fanciful shapes. When trees are grown for ornament and given plenty of room
"they usua^y take a natural and graceful form, which is always more pleasing to those who
have acquired a correct taste than any distortion that may be given by pruning. I have
known some otherwise beautiful landscapes sadly marred by the stiff appearance of some
barbered trees.
Another common mistake is made in giving preference to all foreign species belonging
to the same genera as some of our native trees. The European larch is of more graceful
habit than our native tamarack, and the white birch, with its weeping varieties, is certainly
more beautiful than any of our common birches ; but the European linden is not by any
means preferable to our basswood as an ornamental tree, neither is the English elm for
beauty or for shade to be compared with some of the varieties of our own white elm.
Particularly is this noticeable on some of the streets in Toronto where the different species
are growing on opposite sides of the street. The horse chestnut is a magnificent tree when
^own to perfection, but in my district it is too short-lived ; even if it lives for 30 or 40
years it loses its beauty when branches begin to die.
There is perhaps no tree more unsuitable for ornamentation than the silver poplar?
(Chinese abele,) yet about many farm houses it is the only tree planted. When once
planted it is there to stay, for it continuously sends up suckers enough to destroy every other
kind of tree near by. The down it throws off, after flowering, is an abomination. The
Lombardy poplar is admired by some, but it deserves no place on ornamental grounds.
Whoever will plant poplars let them plant the aspen ; it possesses some beauty, but it
would be folly to plant it unless for the sake of variety.
When asked which of all trees I prefer for the ornamentation of a lawn I invariably
recommend the cut-leafed weeping birch. I have lost many fine specimens of it through
the depredations of the sap-sucker, (yellow-bellied woodpecker) yet if I had but room for
one ornamental tree I would plant this one. Next I would prefer the purple birch, Weiss'
cut-leafed maple, European larch, red cedar, blue spruce and Norway spruce ; after that
the European mountain ash, the Imperial cut-leafed alder, the basswood and the dogwood.
On extensive grounds I would of course plant a large variety and would include the yellow
locust. The only objection to it is its tendency to send up suckers. The sweet perfume
from its flowers iu the month of June entitles it to a place on the pleasure grounds.
The wild black cherry is seldom planted as an ornamental tree although it is remark-
ably suitable for the purpose. It is beautiful in flower as well as in fruit. I have never
seen it affected by the black knot, but have found it to be one of the most enduring.
The hickories, as a class, are of slow growth while young, but their foliage is exceed-
ingly beautiful. In exposed positions they endure and thrive well, while many other
kinds would be injured. The ash-leafed maple is quite as hardy but it requires a richer
and moister soil. For a large growing, wide spreading tree for shade the common birch is
unsurpassed. The white ash, when grown as a single specimen with plenty of room, is a
noble tree, well suited for an extensive landscape.
Many others might be added, but I fear I have already occupied too much of your valu-
-able time. I have mentioned nearly all the most beautiful of our native species, at least a
sufficient number to make any country home as cheerful and beautiful as the most refined
taste could desire. I believe one of the chief reasons why so many farmer's homes look
desolate is because the owners have become discouraged through the imposition of
unscrupulous vendors who have urged the purchase and planting of trees utterly unsuit-
able for locality and conditions. Nurseiymen who allow their agents to sell unsuitable
trees are also blamable and they make a mistake, because success with suitable trees would
certainly lead to increased demand. I have been selling trees for 35 years and by selling
61
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
some which I only supposed to be suitable have been frequently required to make retribu-
tion or be branded as a rogue. It requires an ordinary lifetime for a man to learn by
experience the suitability of trees which are not indigenous to this country ; hence the
necessity of being guided by the experience of others. If buyers would take the trouble
to inform themselves as to what trees are suitable for their locality and order direct from
experienced and reliable nurserymen they would obviate disappointment and the provoca-
tion of being swindled.
*
Mr. Morris. — I agree with what has been read in the paper. Regarding the pruning
of evergreens, I think they can be sometimes benefited by the use of the knife, not dis-
torting or trimming them into fancy shapes, but shortening a limb here and there where-
it is required. Ironwood can be made into one of the prettiest of ornamental trees that
grows, and it will grow so thick a bird can hardly go through it.
The President. — One or two nurserymen in Rochester make a specialty of ironwood,
I think, and even advocate it as a hardy plant.
The Secretary. — I think it would be well to hear from Mr. Gilchrist, of Toronto^
who is somewhat interested in the varieties of trees adapted for planting in southern
Ontario for small ornamental grounds.
Mr. GiLCURiST. — The question has been somewhat sprung upon me, as I did not
know what was to be the programme until I saw it this morning. I think I can endorse
all that Mr. Nichol has said as to pruning ; it is time we had learned to stop it. It may
be all right for a man to go to a barber to get shaved, but 1 do not think the use of
the knife improves the appearance of our ornamental trees. Almost everywhere in
Toronto it is the same, the natural beauty of the tree is destroyed by pruning. I think
we in this society should advocate the leaving of trees in their natural shape and beauty.
"What is the use of planting a great variety of trees and pruning them all into one shape ?
There are two kinds of beauty, the symmetrical and the irregular, and we tind the trees
having the second character, such as birch or elm, the most admired by refined people. I
think the blue spruce is the best spruce. It has proved quite hardy at Guelph ; and
when spruces are .selected they have the most beautiful colors. Some are as green as the
Norway spruce, while others are almost white. It will not stand the knife, which destroys
its symmetrical form. There are four or five varieties of the cornus which are very beau-
tiful, both in the fruit and the flower, and the foliage is always beautiful. I think all the
cornuses might be utilised, and also the witch-hazel (Hamamelis), which has tine large
leaves ; it is not a large shrub, but one of the finest we have. But I prefer the American
elm to any other tree except the cut-leaved birch. The latter is spoiled by being planted
among other trees; it should be planted alone, where it has room to develop, and so that
it can be seen from every aspect. The cut-leaved maple is also a very nice tree, but not
superior to the cut-leaved birch. Some European trees have better forms than the
American ; for instance, the birch and some others that might be used to advantiige, but
I quite agree as to the lindens. Our American linden is another very fine tree, as is also
the soft maple where it has room to develop. I think it is very much finer than the hard
maple. The horse-chestnut has been planted too closely in Toronto. It is a tree which
has seen its best days. In the northern part of the country it has never succeeded, and
the money spent on it might better have been s|>ent on native trees. It is very disap-
pointing to pay out !$1 per tree for chestnut trees and never have them grow twenty feet
iiigh. I know that thousands of dollars have been spent on that tree in the northern
part of Ontario. Nurserymen should try to send out trees suitable for the localities they
are going to, and should not (;mploy ignorant agents. The time is coming wluiu they will
have to he <'nli'^ht(;ned on the.se points ; there is no use in planting peaches in Muskoka,
and it is just the same with planting horse-chestnut trees.
The Skchktary. — Are there any other trees planted around Toronto that you think
arc worthless 'i
Mr. G1LCURI8T. — The catalpa does pretty well. It kills back when young, but when
it gets older it is a straggling, irregular tree. There are one or two in (.uolph about
62
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12;. A. 1891
twelve feet high, in sheltered positions. I do not think it is a tree that should be recom-
mended for planting, however. The Association ought to take up the matter, and make
out lists of the ornamental trees adapted for different districts. There wouH be no diffi-
culty at all in doing so, and it would save thousands of dollars to farmers. We have such
a variety of climates that a very short distance makes a great difference in trees ; those
which may do very well here do not do as well in Toronto or Guelph.
Mr. Morris. — In regard to pruning, I think most shrubs, if left unpruned, become
as unsightly as old currant bushes. Early blooming shrubs can be trimmed immediately
after blooming, and the new growth will bloom the following season ; I think that is the
way they should be treated. Many, like althea, will grow into a good shrub without
pruning, and of course I do not think they should be cut. I think Mr. Gilchrist is mis-
taken when he says that spruce cannot be pruned —
Mr. Gilchrist. — I think they can be pruned but not improved.
Mr. Morris. — I differ from you there, again. The proper time to prune Norway
spruce is about the 2nd of June. That is for this section. It would be later for the
north. Just before they finish making their growth and begin to form the buds, by clip-
ping the sides the buds will form further back. We have a hedge of it that grows about
six inches every year, and we prune it the same as any other hedge, and it gets thicker
every year ; it is so thick that birds can hardly enter it. Of course I agree with Mr.
Gilchrist as to ornamental trees, that they should be cut in only just a little. I would
say that all evergreens require a good deal of manure. If they get plenty of food of that
kind they will resist the winds on one side a great deal, and for trees that are already in
that shape I do not know any other course than to trim off the other side and try to f ox-ce
the growth on that side also. Do the trimming about the latter end of June.
Mr. Craig. — I might say that the blue spruce grows very well at Ottawa; the principal
trouble is a fungus that appears on the leaves about the 10th of June, and which is very
bad now. The leaves are beginning to drop, and it disfigures the tree. This fungus seems
to be the principal difficulty, and for it I am now trying the copper solution. Of the cornuses
I think one of the most ornamental is the cornus sericea. Another that has not been
mentioned is the tamarisk amarensis, which in Ottawa, however, is not quite hardj. Of
the viburnums, probably the old English one is the best. Poplars I do not like, on
account of the seeds and its sprouting habits. There is one of the American poplars that
does not sprout, but I do not think it succeeds in this part of the country. Catalpa
speciosa is not satisfactory at all ; it will die the third or fourth year, and I do not think
it is worth growing for an ornamental tree. Another tree which I think may be added
to the list of hardy ornamental trees is the European larch. Of course it is not an ever-
green, but it puts on beautiful foliage in the spring.
HUMBUGS IN HOETIOULTURE.
The President announced that Mr. T. H. Race, of Mitchell, Ont., would read a paper
on Humbugs in Horticulture.
Mr. Race. — I have no paper prepared on the subject. I have met many humbugs
in my time, and the list is a numerous one, but at the head of it I place the nursery
jobber humbug. By that name I wish to indicate the man who claims to be a nursery-
man, but who yet has not a foot of ground in the world, nor a single tree to his name.
It has been stated here, and often elsewhere, that farmers are a class of people who take
a delight in being humbugged ; that they are better satisfied when they are being hum-
bugged than when they are getting a fair deal. But even granting that to be so, the
object of this Association is to extend and increase fruit-growing in this province, and
I think for that reason it is our duty to protect the farmer from being humbugged, and
to educate him up to a point where he will cease to feel any delight in the humljugging
process. Our first object, as I have just said, is to extend the growth of fruit and its cul-
tivation throughout the province ; to awaken an interest among farmers as a class in this
G3
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
industry. My experience is that it is not very easy to awaken such an interest in their
minds. At present the farmer looks upon his orchard as the most unprofitable part of
his faim ; sometimes, indeed, he looks upon it with a certain amount of disgust. He has
paid for what he supposed was a certain kind of trees, but after a number of years has
discovered that he did not get what he paid for at all, and that "his orchard is tilled up
with a large number of Talman sweets or some even cheaper variety, and, there being no
sale for those varieties, his orchard is neglected. I am not a protectionist, but I teel so
keenly in this matter that if I were asked to construct a tariff for this province I would
have to introduce that principle of protection first of all on fruit trees, on which I would
place so high a duty that it would strike the nursery jobber, one that would be prohibi-
tory on his goods. I find that nearly all these so-called nursery jobbers who have been hum-
bugging the farmers, get their supplies from the other side. I have no fault to find with
American grown trees, but the nursery jobber will buy his trees where he can get them
cheapest, and the nurseryman to whom he goes to purchase them, knowing that he is
responsible to the jobber only, and not to the jobber's customers, and that he has to put
these trees in at a very low rate, is not likely to give him his best. As a result the nur-
sery jobber fills the orchards of our farmers with the very cheapest trees that are to be
had ; it is as a rule the leavings of the nurseryman's other customers that find their way
into the hands of the nursery jobber. Therefore the farmer who buys from the
nursery jobber runs the risk of getting just whatever the nurseryman has at his
disposal at the time the jobber sends his order, and owing in a great degree to
this the experience of the farmer is that seven out of every ten trees are a fail-
ure. I think that proportion will hold good throughout Canada, for it is based on
inquiries 1 made last fall. When I was talking in this strain before the farmers
in many places, I was fallen foul of by these very agents, and I have had some
pretty sharp passages at arms with them. Farmers would ask me what nursery-
man I would recommend. Now that is not a very pleasant question to deal with, but I
always tell them I am not advertising any nurseryman, and mention the names of one or
two of our prominent nurseries. Then they want to know how to deal with them to be
sure of getting the right varieties, and at reasonable prices. In reply to that I recom-
mend them through their farmers' institutes to make up lists of what they want in fruit
trees, and then send their secretary, or some other live man in whom they have confi-
dence, to deal directly with the nurseryman. By this plan I tell them they can get 25
per cent, off the regular list prices, which will pay the expense of sending a man to deal
direct. Another question I am asked is, how they are to know these men who represent
themselves as nurserymen and not jobbers, and how they can protect themselves. In
answer I say that when a farmer wants to build a house, barn or stable, he does not wait
until some carpenter comes along and persuades him he needs such a building and
takes his order for the material, but he makes up his mind during the winter and begins
to make inquiries where he can buy the material best and cheapest, and by whom he can
get the work done most economically. If he will treat the matter of an orchard in the
same way, and proceed to inquire carefully where he can best get the requisite trees, we
will hear less complaints of the kind that are so prevalent among those who wait to be
taken in by the first man who calls on tJiem with a plausible tongue. I find it necessary
to take this line in going out among farmers to talk to them of fruit-growing, for they
have been so i>erai3tently humbugged that — although people will tell you they like being
humbugged — you cannot arouse in them any interest in fruit-growing unless you point
out some more satisfactory mode of dealing than the one the evils of which tluiy have
experienced in the past. But the nursery jobber is only one of the humbug.s with whom
we have to deal, for we frei|uently find humbugs in connection with reliable nurserymen
among our own countrymen. Some of the regular nurseryman will send out us a sort of
inducement a " catclqjenny," as the saying is, and many of these have had the effect of
souring farmers against ihe fruit industry. Not many years ago «juite a number of Russian
mulberries were brouglit into the county of Perth. I f(!lt that the importation was a humbug
whf^n it first came in. Many jjorsons imjuircd my views in regard to it, and I would tell
them ^ did not know much about it, but would not recommend them to buy It proved
a regular humbug. The next was th'^ Kussian apricot, which in the northern sectious of
64
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (^o. 12). A. 1891
this province is no doubt a humbug. Now, all these things have the effect of putting a
damper on whatever interest may be felt in fruit culture, and do inestimable damage to
the fruit-growing industry. I do not know how we are going to combat that kind of
thing unless we can educate the farmers up to refusing things until they have been tho-
roughly tested by the Experimental Farms, where I think all these things should be tested
before they are recommended for adoption. This Association has made a move in the
way of increasing the interest in fruit culture by sending out representatives to the
farmers' institutes. It is no use sending these men out to induce farmers to live and die
in the very happy recollection of being humbugged. We want to attain some better
results than that. There is another humbug which I will speak of now, which I did not
mention before ; that is the man "who goes out and sells trees on the " home-grown tree "
argument. There are lots of little nurserymen throughout the province who go out into
the country among the farmers and persuade them to buy the home-grown tree. The.se
men may have an acre or two, but they will turn over a book and show the farmer many
thousand trees they have sold as being home-grown trees. Now if a man has only an
acre of land and is selling thousands of trees he does not grow them on that ground, and
he is just as bad as the nursery jobber,
Mr. Cavers. — I represent the Gait nurseries. We send out many agents and we dis-
tinctly tell them we do not grow all the stcck that we sell. Of course when our men are out
canvassing we do not know what they tell customers. The more tender varieties of stock
we could not grow as well as they could be grown elsewhere. We know that as the result
of our experience, and we tell our agents to tell our customers that we can supply them
with better stock of the tender varieties by not attempting to grow them ourselves. We
-do not know exactly what our men tell our customers but we distinctly inform them that
all the stock they gee is not necessarily grown in our own nurseries. We find that by
Rowing only those varieties we can guarantee, we are able to give better satisfaction than
if all were home grown. In the Gait district we cannot grow all that is called for. Now,
-what are we to do f Are we to be called jobbers and ruled out of the business because
we do not have all home grown ? And suppose a nurseryman is growing all this stock
himself, is that a guarantee that the stock supplied a customer is what he says it is 1 The
•customer has to depend upon, the reliability of the men he is dealing with in every case.
We make it a rule to send nothing out of our nursery that is not exactly what it is
labelled. Sometimes we substitute, but when we do we put on just what it is so that the
customer may refuse it if he likes. If ever a tree goes out with a wrong label it is a mis-
take. Something has been said here about nurserymen sending out trees that are not
suited to the sections of country they are ordered for. Nurserymen have to send out
what is ordered, and in some cases where, knowing that what is ordered is not adapted to
the climate, something else has been substituted because it was more suitable, the cry is at
once raised that there was some dishonest ulterior motive in the substitution. Now, what
are we to do for that 1 In discussing this question of humbugs it would not be amiss, per-
haps, to take a lock at it from the nurseryman's point of view. We always endeavor to
do things jierfectly upon the square, but you see the difficulties we have to contend with.
Mr. Denton. — My own impres.sion is that the further south you go the more delicacy
you will find in a tree for certain parts of Canada, and my disposition would be to encour-
age more of our home selection, deferring to this question of humbugs which is under
discussion it is very sad to go through my district, especially Lobo, and see so many
orchards which men have planted and brought into bearing, and then found it was the
commonest fruit grown, instead of being choice varieties such as these men paid for and
expected to get from their trees. It is very hard in the face of that to induce men to
enter more largely into fruit culture, but I think if they will take the list published in the
" Horticulturist " it will overcome the difficulty presented. We all know that men who
have stuff to sell will sell it if they can. I believe the gentleman who has spoken is per-
fectly honest, but are his men going to be so strictly bound down when their living depends
on the exteut of their sales ^ I think not. The farmers generally are ignorant of what
is best for them to plant, and I think it is the duty of this Association, as has been
said by my friend Mr. Race, to go forth and educate them, and in ten years from this
time there will be a great change.
6 (V.Q.) 65
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A 1891*
Mr. A. H. Pkttit. — 1 look upon this discussion as a mere waste of time. If we
wait until the humbugs are all done away with we shall wait until the millenium.
The Skcretary. — I think it is a mistake to make any personal references whatever
in a farmer's institute ; I do not think we ought to disparage any local nurseryman by
name in any of our meetings, nor do I think we should advertise any of our reliable
nurserymen by name although we have every confidence in them. We should recommend
those varieties that are desirable for planting and be unsparing in our condemnation of
those which are worthless ; but I do not think we ought to make any personal references
one way or the otlier by name of either Canadian or American nurserymen. In regard to
the Russian apricot, which has been spoken of, I believe it was sent out by nurserymen
both in the States and Canada with perfect confidence, because it had not been tested. It
has been found that a large number of these Russian apricots, introiluced by the Mennonites
from Russia, were seedlings grown from the fruit of trees that fruited in the southern
part of Russia, down near the Black Sea, and I am told by a correspondent in Russia that
that section of the country will grow tender fruit such as we cannot pretend to grow here :
fruit such as is grown in Oalifornia. Russia is a word which covers a very wide territory
and the southern portion of it is a very mild climate, i believe, however, that there are
some varieties of Russian apricots which have been tested at the Iowa Agricultural
College that have been found hardy, and I am told by Russian friends that there is a
variety of apricot, known theie as Ansjustin's, which is more hardy than any of the varieties
we have tried.
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — The gentleman from Gait has said that they sometimes, under
some circumstances, take the liberty of substituting. I remember a number of years ago
giving an order for a considerable number of pear trees, and in tilling it the nurseryman
substituted some varieties and said he had not what was ordered in stock. All the sub-
stitutes with us were found to be totally worthless when they came into bearing.
Mr. Morton. — One humbug in connection with this matter and connected with the
Canadian nurseryman is the humbug of the agents nurserymen employ. The nurseryman,
according to what was stated by the secretary a minute ago, is no better than the farmer,
because, if the apricot was introduced in the way he says, it proves to me that no person of
any common sense would send ont a thing in perfect confidence because it had not been
tested ; I cannot see that it at all follows.
The Secretary. — He might not have known that it was a fraud.
Mr. Morton. — I think a person who introduces a thing, recommending it as likely
to prove beneficial when he does not know anything at all about it is the next thing to the
man who will recommend that which he knows positively to be worthless, A person has
no right to recommend a thing ot which he does not know anything. However I do not
wonder at their adopting that course when I find that in appointing agents they follow a
similar plan. Their agents have not been tested, and con.sequently, as in the case of the
apricot, they have every confidence in them. Of course it is well known that some firms
have had experiences the reverse of pleasant with their agents. In my own section sev-
eral instances have come under my notice of orders having been duplicated by agents or
raised on the face of them. I must .say in justice to the nurserymen that in no c;ise have
tht-y refust d to do what was right in the mattei-, according to my opinion. In a great
many instances the agent does not know anything about Uw, business. 1 have had exper-
ience with several. One man, who came to me to still me grapes — I pretended not to
know anything about them — recomiiiended the Niagara as of better (juality and earlier
than the Champion. I asktd him what quality the Champion was and lie said hr was not
quite sure of the color but he knew it was a sour grape;. Now I think it is folly to send
out an agf-nt likf; lliat. It is to the advantage of tin; lirms thcnist^lvi^s to see that the men
who lepresent them undeistarid their business and art; straight and honest, because on
their shoulders must fall any blip made by the agent.
Mr. Wklmn(;t<jn. — It is not often I take part in a discussion that lays me open u>
th<'. charge of talking " shr p,"and I am very sorry the |ire.sent discussion has assumed the
form it seeniH to have assutm^d. 1 fully aj>pr<'ciate the nsmarks made by Mr. Morton, i»iit
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
perhaps if that gentleman had twenty years experience in the handling and management
of agents he would be better qualified to ofi'er advice calculated to enable me to overcome
the difficulties encountered in running agents. There is much to be said against a^^ents
and nurserymen and there is also much to be said against cunning fruit growers and farm-
ers, and when we touch upou humbugs we touch upon a very wide subject ; one which
might occupy a great deal more time than we have at our present disposal. In the dis-
cussion of humbugs I might tell you of many little frauds which we hear of as heiw^ com-
mitted by farmers in bringing their goods to market. All these things are very disao-ree-
able when raked up before a class of people who live in glass houses and who therefore
should not throw stones. The fruit tree agent has been of service, even with all his
humbugging, because the experience people have had with him has made them more care-
ful. The matter rests entirely with the people themselves. As nurserymen we have
many difficulties to contend with and we try to meet them squarely and to deal with them
in the most effective way suggested by our experience, and there is more honesty in the
business than we are generally given credit for. Regarding the Russian apricot, we oave
it a very fair test as to hardiness ; as to the quality of the fruit we were aware we could not
depend on its being uniform, but as an ornamental tree sent out singly it was no humbuo'.
These things have to be experimented on and tested by the fruit grower as well as the
nurseryman. They were introduced in the first place from Russia and they were tested
by a firm who bore a very good character in Nebraska to begin with, and I do not think
they will prove a humbug altogether. The same firm introduced the Russian olive, in
regard to which we have been very conservative — we would not put them out at all.
Prof. Saunders tells me, however, that they are a perfect success, and he thinks they are
perfectly hardy at Ottawa. It is a novelty as a fruit that wi.l never amount to anything,
but as an ornamental shrub it will be a success. Still it will be denounced by some as a
fraud and a humbug. We should look at these things and consider before making sweep-
ing accusations sgainst any class of persons.
Mr. Race. — I am in thorough accord with the secretary in his remarks. I do not
think it is a good principle to mention names either in a favorable or reverse manner and
I have always, where I could avoid doing so, refrained from it ; but it is not a very easy
thing to do when you start out to talk to farmers about fruit growing, they will crowd you
until you almost have to do it to satisfy them. At Meaford I took the platform at seven
o'clock and the farmers, who are very keenly interested in fruit growing, kept me until
ten o'clock plying me with questions. There were quite a number of agents present, but
the farmers cornered me up so that I was forced to mention some of these names. As
long as we have in our own country reliable nurserymen able to isupply the demand I think
we should recommend them, and advise our institutes to send men to buy from them what
they want, direct from the nursery.
COMMITTEES, REPORTS AND QUESTION DRAWER.
After considerable criticism and several changes in values of the apples, the fruit list
for Ontario was finally adopted by the Association. The list, as finally adopted, appears
at the end of this Report, for convenience of reference.
FRUIT COMMITTEE.
The Secretary. — I think the present is a very suitable time for me to suggest the
appointment of one or two committees. In the first place we have a little fruit on the
table, and we must ask the President to appoint a committee to inspect it carefully and
report on it. I had a couple of baskets of strawberries sent me three or four davs or a
week ago, with a request that I should bring them before the Fruit Committee of our
association. Unfortunately they were in no condition to present when T came away from
home. They wei e of a new strawberry which originated near Brantford, called Prince of
Orange, or Williams' improved, so called from the originator, Mr. Williams. They were
sent me by David tireig of Cainsville. The berries are certainly extra large and fine, *nd
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12) A. 1891
he tells me that they have created quite a sensation in that section, and are quite the
rage among the strawberry growers, who are all trying to get them. He believes it is
the coming strawberry for that section of the country, if not for the province. I am very
sorry I was not able to bring the samples with me.
The President. — I shall appoint Mr. Nichol, Mr. Pafford and Mr. Dempsey as a
committee on the fruit exhibited here.
OBITUARIES.
The Secretary. — I have now, Mr. President, to make an announcement that I am
«are you will all be very sorry to hoar. I have here a communicatioti containing an
announcement of the death of Mr. John Croil of Aultsville, which was sent to me about
-a week a^o. Mr. Croil, who was sixty-tive years of age, died at his residence on the 28th
ot June. This loss is in connection with our own society, and we have also to deplore
the loss sustained by the Montreal Society in the death of their Vice-President, Mr.
■Charles Gibb, to whom we are all so largely indebted, and whom we so often welcomed
in our own meetings. I think it is desirable that a committee should be appointed to
draft resolutions of condolence and sympathy in regard to the loss of these esteemed
deceased frienda
The President. — I appoint Messrs. Race, Beall and Craig.
Mr. Beall asking to be excused, Mr. A. McD. Allan was appointed on the committee
■with the other gentlemen named.
MARKETING FRUITS:
The President. — One of the questions set down for discussion by the Association at
the present meeting is, •' What is the best method of selling small fruits in our city local
markets ? " We will hear what our Secretary has to say on that point.
The Secretary. — There is a great prejudice against the sale of fruit by auction, and
perhaps there may be some reason in it. It has been tried to a certain extent in the city of
Toronto, not perhaps with the most encouagiog results, but I am of the opinion that if it
was undertaken by reliable persons, and carried on in a systematic, business-like manner, it
would he to our advantage to have fruit sold there in that way. Tiisre would certaiidy
be no opportunity for growers to be cheated as to the proper sales made, because it would
all be done in a public way. Fruit is a commodity which must be sold at once, whether
by auction or by private sale, and if the public once became aware that auction sales of
fruit were being held regularly I think the highest prices would be realised in that way ;
certainly the fruit should bring us a fair value if sold in that way. Some days, no doubt,
there might be a loss, but on the average I believe an open salo, regularly conducted,
would result to our advanta^'C. The question was suggested by Mr. Allan, 1 think, who
desires to get the opinions of the growers in this part of the province, and that is my
opinion as one of them.
Mr. McD. Allan. — 1 did not expect to speak to this question, which [ suggested
merely for the purpose of eliciting information and the opinions of the growers themselves,
based on their experience in selling both by auction and in the ordinary manner. If the
avstem of nelling fruit by auction is adopted the auctioneer, in the first place, should bo a
person well versed in fruit, and having a thorough knowledge of its value. He stands
between the buyer and the seller, and he should be a man who will not either knowingly
or unknowingly lio an injustice on one side or the other. He should know the value of
each grade of fruit before him, and what it ought to realise. At the same time he should
protect the purchaw-ra, that is, he must not misrepresent anything, but give them the IVuit
required for their particular custom or tiade. It seems to me that if lie understands his
buhiness thoroughly, and is willing and able to conduct the sales properly, the plan must
be a buccejiH, and 1 nm of opinion that upon the whole the auction system would bo the
juost advantagijouH tor all iuterented.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The President. — Is it not the system most prevalent in the markets of the old
country 1
Mr. Allan. — Yes, almost entirely. Everything of that sort is sold by commission
houses at auction. I think in Toronto the auction system would be most advantageous
both for the buyer and the seller.
Mr. Wellington. — I think the auction system, properly conducted, is the right way
of disposing of fruit. It would be well for fruit-growers to understand that Mr. James
Lumbers was the gentleman who inaugurated the auction system, which he worked up
for a younger brother, and so long as the business remained in his hands everyone who
had any dealings with him got full and correct returns. He informs me that some of the
fruit-growers were themselves to blame for the ultimate failure of the system, inasmuch
as they made contracts with storekeepers in Toronto for their crop up to a certain date,
and sent the best of their fruit direct to the stores and the poorer fruit to auction. This
fact, coupled with the opposition oOered by the storekeepers, who were making money
faster under the old system and did not wi.^h for the change, was in the main the cause
of the failure of the auction system. Another cause was the want of proper quarters,
and of proper facilities for handling fruit direct from the railway stations and steamboat
wharves. These drawbacks combined were, I think, the cause of the failure of the auction
system. In the hands of a good man I think it would eventually succeed, but in the first
instance opposition would be encountered from the storekeepers in Toronto, who would
do all they could to discredit the auction system in the eyes of the public. If the fruit-
growers were to establish and support an auction system I believe they would in the end
obtain better results in selling their fruits. The store keeper is the one who gets the
profit on the fruit ; the growers have suffered very severely. Many times I have seen
strawberries sold at some of our large establishments, where they have a good class of
custom, at twenty cents when I knew that the average returns to the grower were not
more than five or six cents ; the shopkepper gets fancy prices for the good fruit, and
very fair prices for the rest. Now, to make the auction system a success, there must be
a combination among the growers and they must support the auctioneer. The first step
is to get a good responsible firm or individual to handle the fruit at that auction and then
give him hearty support and keep the fruit away from the shopkeepers ; that is, do not
sell to them direct and then they will have to bay it at the auction and pay its value for it.
The Secretary. — I have noticed in shipping that a great many of these commission
houses to whom we ship not only sell on commission but speculate on their own account,
and of course when there is a glut in the market it is not until they have disposed of their
o vn that they offer our fruits, and as a natural consequence we get the worst of it. I
have had some very sorry experience of that kind with perishable fruit and got almost
nothing at all for it, though shipped in good, sound condition. It was not until after what the
fruit dealers had in stock was sold, at good prices, that it was offered. In one instance I
know that they had bought on contract a large number of Eartlett pears when the mar-
ket was high. The market rapidly went down and pears I had sent were not sold until
the prices were down to the very lowest notch. That is what makes me feel a little dis-
satisfied with the present method. If we had an assurance that a house would act solely
in our interests we would have more confidence in getting fair treatment, but as things
are now we do not feel that we are being fairly dealt with.
INIr. Wellington. — That is the basis of my statement. Some pears are sold direct
and others shipped on consignment, and the latter have to take their chances while the
others are placed on the market when prices are high. Of course the commission men
will take care to protect themselves first.
Mr. Pettit. — We have now what Mr. Woolverton was speaking of — agents in every
city. I think we have six agencies in the largest towns and cities in the Dominion.
Mr. Bucke. — What is the objection to that system. I should think they would get
the best returns from their own agents.
Mr. INIoRTON. — I suppose public competition has an effect on the purchaser. Men
will often [)ay a great deal more for an article at auction than they would by private con-
tract. That is my experience of auction sales in other lines.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
PACKAGES.
The President. — The next question is " Should Raspberries be sold in pint baskets?"
The Secretary. — I have had no experience in pint baskets for raspberries, but I have
■noticed that in the JS^ew York market raspberries are sold in pints and as small measures
as thirds or half pints. That seems a good deal of wood for a very small amount of fruit,
"but I think that in a quart box too many raspberries are put together ; they pack very
close and you get more than a quart of raspberries in a quart measure it seems to me. If
the basket were not quite so dee]> it would be an advantage, and for that reason I think
the pint would be better.
Mr. Oraig. — The pint basket is growing in favor in Chicago and other western
markets.
Mr. MoRTOK. — I am in favor of a shallow basket as rip3 raspberries break down
more easily than strawberries, and even in the Litter with some varieties we are bothered in
the same way.
Mr. Race — The fact that one has no guarantee of fruit reaching its destination in
good condition has a bad effect upon the demand. It is impossible in any of our smaller
towns to get a basket of peaches delivered. I had some experience in that way last year
when getting peaches from the secretary. Could there not be some light cover devised
that would protect us from pilfering ?
The Secretary. — I do not think that applies so much to crates in which we ship
small fruits as to peaches, which we cover with leno.
Mr. Race. — I know we would get many Riore plums and peaches if we knew we
could get such packages as I sugcjest. As it is we know there is a very great risk, as the
express companies tell us it is ditB3ult lo deliver a consignment in gjod shape to a
private individual, because it is supposed that the latter is not so likely to complain as a
large dealer. As soon as 1 let them know I was a director of this Association they
-Stopped the pilfering at once.
Mr. BuCKE. — The best way would be to ship by weight and if there is any differ-
ence when they are delivered let the express company bear the damage.
A Member. — I sent some peaches from Winona to a friend in Hamilton last fall and
the next morning when he got them there were two of the worst looking baskets of trash
you ever saw.
Mr. Race. — There would be a large increase in the demand for fruit from my locality
if there was any assurance that fruit shipped to us by express would be delivered in any-
thing like proper condition.
A Member. — If the baskets were fixed in the way you suggest would tlie consumers
pay extra for the fruit — the extra cost ?
Mr. Race. — The additional expense would be very .small ; you would onlv have to
add a little more to the price of the fruit, and I know the people up north would be will-
ing to pay a littlf more if there was any assurance of the fruit reaching them in good
condition.
Thf* Secretaky. — A wooden cover could be had for about a cent a basket, which
could be ^\ired down, in addition to the leno covering.
Mr. Clink. — 1 have had fruit stolen even from baskets with wooden covtirs wired on.
Mr. Welmnoton. — There is no doubt this is a matter which should bo taken up and
some mf aeurea adopted to remedy it. I am in the habit of liaving sent to me in Toronto
from n;y own place some choice specimens and I do not think that in any case has the
package ever reached me in the condition in which it was dispatched. Some of the best
duHif'TH of grapes would be taken out of a biskct and the same upplies to peaches, A
man who wants two baskets must have three sent him to make sure he will get the
'Quantity lie desire.i.
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The Secretary. — 1 was at Caledonia station the other day and saw a lot of straw-
berries that were being shipped in from Buffalo, which were there an hour waiting to be
transferred, and the boys and everyone else were helping themselves through the openings.
Now, what are we going to do about it "?
Mr. Wellington. — We ought to take some concerted action.
Mr. Race. — I wrote a letter to the express agent telling him 1 intended to bring the
matter up at the next meeting of this Association with a view to having a deputation
sent to the government to see if some legislation could not be enacted whereby we could
recover damages for this kind of thing. I said that at the present time there was no law
■ that I could put in operation without going to too much trouble and expense. That
letter was sent to the head office and I saw the letter sent to the agent in rej)ly to it. It
was, to go and see this man and settle his claim at once and have the agicatioa clieoked.
' So it is evident they do not care about having any agitation of that kind. I think their
fear of such a thing is the very best proof that we should make a move in that direction.
A Member. — I think the difficulty in making private consignments might be got over
by having some kind of package in place of the open baskets. Of course that would not
do for the open market, where dealers like to have them covered with material that gives
a good appearance, but I think peaches shipped to private individuals might be sent in
crates, which could be had at a trifling expense.
Mr. Allan. — That would only be an inducement to the Express companies to throw
them about. We had a thorough illustration of that at the time of the Colonial Exhibit-
ion, when our stufi" was sent over in boxes.
Mr. Race. — 1 propose that a deputation be appointed from this Association to wait
upon whatever government has power in the matter and to see what can be done.
The Secretary. — I think we might get something done. I move that a committee
be appointed to interview the government in regard to the matter and see if some legisla-
tion hearing upon the question cannot be devised. I suggest Messrs. Race, Allen and
Oline as members of the committee.
Mr. Morton. — I apprehend very great difficulties in any scheme such as is asked for.
There are only two remedies against the company, a civil one or a criminal one. I very
much doubt our getting legislatioa pointing to a criinind liability, and as for a civil
liability it might be said that we have already the same remedy as any other individual.
The difficulty at the present time is to prove that the fruit was stolen. The Company, in
a case of this kind, would stand on strict legal ground and everything would have to be
proved — that the fruit was in perfect condition when shipped, that the damage took place
on the way, etc. I have grave doubts as to whether the government would interfere in
the matter, but of course it will do no harm to point out the evil.
Mr. Cline. — I knew a shipper who took a receipt for every package and he did not
have any trouble ; there were no missing baskets, or, if there were, they were paid for ;
but it is a good deal of trouble if you are not at the station early enough for the agent to
look at it and see that the packages are all right.
Mr. Morton. — Tf that is the case then the shippers are more to blame than the ex-
press company. By neglecting to get that receipt he is simply putting a premium oa
dishonesty. I think the shipper should avail himself of every existing means of avoiding
the effijcts of dishonesty, and when he has done that and still suffrfrs it will be soon
enough for him to complain.
Mr. Wellington. — That is all very well as to the packages, but it does not apply
to the abstraction of a few of the best bunches of grapes from a basket. I do not know
what the present legislation is, but I think something might be framed to make the
puniisiliraent cf this pilfering a little more easy than it is. I think the case is a proper
one to be investigated by a committee.
The Association then adjourned to meet again in the evening.
n
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
THE CURCULTO.
The President, — Mr. Billups will now read to us his paper on the Curculio.
Mr. Billups. — T have not had at my disposal sufficient time in which to prepare
such a paper as I would have desired to read before this Association, but I will endeavor
in a few words to give a brief outline of the curculio family. 1 may say, in the first
place, that the curculio is distinguished from other coleoptera by having the head prolonged
in all cases into a snout of greater or less extent; in some cases that snout extends three-
or four times the length of the whole insect, while in others it is scarcely noticeable.
The curculio in fact is a very hard family to defiue ; it is hirJ to aay whore the true
curculio begins and ends. I have upon the table here a fair representation of all the
different genera of the curculio known throughout the globe. I think it would perhaps
be well to give a brief outline of the life history of the insect, and in doing so I do not
think I shall be far wrong in taking the familiar plum curculio as an example, it being I
believe a fairly typical species of the great family Ourculionidae. So infinitely small are
many members of this family that it is difficult to give to one unaccustomed to them any
idea of the differences which exist in the different genera, but to the eye of one accustom-
ed to handling such small insects the difference is vast. In the diagram before you yoa
see in No. 1 the larva of the curculio No. 2 shows the next stage, the chrysalis, and
No. 3 the perfect insect. I have in a bottle heie the eg<> of the plurn curculio. Thic
curculio bites and destroys a great variety of fruit ; the cherry, the plum, the peach, and
1 believe in some instances the grape. It lays its eggs early in the spring upon the plum.
The female commences by working a small puncture in the skin of the plum, as repre-
sented in No. 4, and deposits the egg, and makes a semi-circular bite around the spot on.
which the egg has been laid. This causes the skin of the plum to wither and dry up,
and affords food for the young grub. When first hatched I have generally noticed that
this grub, after spending a short time in the exact locality of its hatching place, moves in
a circuitous manner around the skin of the plum, and finally ends up very near the stem.
This causes the plum to weaken and rot around the stem, and either by its own weight
or by the first windstorm it is caused to fall to the ground. The larva, which during the
time the plum rotted had a sufficient period in which to gather strength, after a certain
lapse of time disappears into the ground and changes to the chrysalis state, No. 2. I am
sorry to say I have no specimens of the chrysalis, but I have a number of specimens of
the larvae in different stages of advancement. Now, as regards the methods of destroy-
ing the curculio, which I suppose is the most important thing to this meeting, as far as
my experience goes the only true way to get rid of them is to gather up the fallen plums.
I think it is almost impossible to do anything by waging war against the perfect insect,
as the perfect insect eats very little. Nearly all the feeding in insects of every order, I
may say, takes place when it is in the larval state. The object of the full grown insect
is chiefly to find a resting place for its egg, and that done its usefulness is over, and it
dies. I think the plum curculio lays from thirty to as high as fifty eggs. Of course
that means if there are twenty or thirty curculios on one tree that not much of the fruit
is going to escape. The curculios are all vegetable feeders, some of them live upon the
seeds of plants, some u[)on the stems, and a great many upon the fruit, it is generally
supposed there are only a few injurious curculios, which i suppose is owing to the want
of tiiking sufficient interest in the masses of vegetation by which we are surrounded, but
there are very few plants in this or any otlicr c(juntry but what have their own special
curculio. I think there is no just idea formed of the vast number of curculios that exist
upon the earth. The best catalogue we have, the Munich catalogue, which is live years
old, enumerates 10,000 distinct specie's, but I think that in the past two or three year««
there have been some hundred or m )re sp jcimens discovered new to America. I think
Prof. Jirodie, of 'i'oronto — 1 am not certain in niakini; this statement — told me he had fifteen
or twenty undetermined species that he had found in Canada. If that is correct, and
every entomologist has done as much as he has, though he has not made a specialty of
curculionida? — ^if they have all taken five or six undtscrihed specimens, there must have
been an immense swelling of that Munich catalogue. f have hen; one of the larger cur-
culio, which attacks the sugar cane. It is one of al)Out the largast size that (exists. From
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64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12.) A. 1891
the facts I have given it will easily be seen that it is a family of very small and insignifi-
cant beetles that we have been dealing with, but although small, the amount of damage it
does is larger than that done by any other family of beetles. Now, in the case of the
larger wood-boring beetles they do not do damage, but good, and if it were not for them
in a short time we should have no forests. That seems rather a wild statement to make,
but looked at carefully it is a very true one. In the immense forests of Brazil, Mexico
and southern countries, numbers of trees have been blown down by storms, and if there
weie nothing to assist the process of decay there would be such a tangled mass of fallen
trees that nothing else could grow on the space covered by them. But the wood-boring
beetle steps in and deposits its eggs on the bark of the tree, and in a very short time the
whole mass of timber is perforated thoroughly by these immense bettles, places for moisture
are formed, and in a very short space of time the tree decays and is reduced to dust, which,
mingling with the earth, induces new vegetable life. I do not think, however — certainly
I have never observed it — that any of the curculionidse do the least good. I do not
know that there is one good point about the family curculionidse at all ; the only beetle
I know of that has been made of any use to mankind is one of the larger curculio, the
grubs of which are eaten by the natives of some countries, and deemed very delicious.
Generally then they are injurious, and being such a small beetle it escapes the eyes of
many insectivorous birds, and at any rate it is a very hard, unpalatable thing. I think
they are the hardest shelled beetles in existence, taking a small, hard steel needle to
pierce them. There is one thing in connection with this subject that needs alteration ;
there has been little or no individual research either in this country or in England. We
find in the reports of the entomological societies of Canada and other countries that the
same facts are being brought before us dozens of times, and these facts are the result of
the researches of men who lived a number of years ago, and, after all, many of the papers
written by able men are but recapitulations of the work done by others. Now, this is
not the case in other branches of entomology, and I think it a pity it should be allowed
to be so with Curculionidse. To give one instance of the small amount of interest and
study that has been devoted to curculionidas in Canada, I may state this : During my
stay in England 1 visited some twenty of its best museums. In the South Kensington
branch of the British museum, which contains the best entomological collection in the
world, our Curculionidse were represented fairly. In the Oxford museum, the second
finest in the world, there were barely one hundred specimens of our Canadian Curculionidse.
In other countries the Curculionida; were better represented in their larger and
more showy insects, but there were only about one hundred specimens out of our five
hundred species. It is my wish, if I can secure help from any entomologist in Canada,
to send over this fall a fairly representative collection of our Oarculionidje, and I only
hope I shall be able to get that help. I cannot do very much myself, being unable to
move from one locality to another, and I hope I shall have help from everyone who is
able to give it, and if such persons will only try to assist me in getting specimens I shall
be doubly obliged. 1 think it is only right that the Dominion should be better repre-
sented than it is at present in England.
^Ir. MoRDEN. — Does the ordinary plum curculio attack cherries and pears, or is it a
different variety.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — The ordinary plum curculio this year destroyed nearly ninety per
cent, of the crop of a cherry tree. The tree was unsprayed and not protected in any
way, being one 1 left in that way as an experiment. This tree was situated some two
hundred yards from any plum tree.
Mr. MoRDEX. — What about pears 1
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I have specimens in a bottle here ; I think there were about thirty
pears on the tree, and none had less than one, and some three or four bites of the plum
curculio.
The Secretary. — It also affects the apple?
Mr. BiLLUPS. — Yes, that is a pretty well known fact, but T have not made any ex-
periments.
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64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
The President. — And the peach ?
Mr. BiLLLTS. — Yes, it attacks the peach. I do not think it will ever become suffi-
ciently dangerous to the peach to excite much alarm.
A Member. — Too much wool ?
Mr. BiLLUPS.— Yes, too much wool. If a curculio tinds any dirt or dust on a plum
it is workins: on it will generally leave it for a clean one.
The Secretary. — You think the application of some other dust than Paris greeu
would work almost as well 1
Mr. BillUps. — I may be making a rash statement, but I believe if trees were dusted
with powdered ashes it would be just as efficacious as Paris green.
The Secretary. — I have a row of cherry trees on the roadside, where it is dusty,
and I seldom find them affdcted by the larva of the plum curculio ; that would corrobor-
ate your theory.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — Yes ; I am very glad to hear that statement. So far it has been my
theory, unsupported, but I do not think I am wrong in saying it. I may not be entirely
right, but I am right to a great extent. I believe that Paris green acts more as a
mechanical agent than as a poison. I think when wo take into account the small amount
of food necessary lor a curculio, and the limited space it touches upon the plum, it will
be evident that it can get but a very small dose of the poison.
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — Does the larva of the curculio resemble the larva of the codlin
moth in its habits 1
Mr. BiLLUPS. — No ; it stays in captivity until it is fully ready to enter the earth.
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — Paris green has no efiect upon the larvaj 'I
Mr. BiLLUPS. — No, not the least, because it never sees daylight until it is ready to
enter the ground ; all the work is done in the skin of the plum.
A Member. — In regard to the curculio not liking peaches, there cannot be any dust
on my peach* s, for they seem to take them very freely ; I found two rows in which I do
not believe there was a single peach that had not been bitten two or three times.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — I am much interested in learning that fact ; it only shows more
clearly that the curculio is one of the worst enemies the fruit grower has to contend with.
It would seem that the plum curculio attacks almost any kind of fruit.
The Secretary. — About what length of time do you find that the beetle continues
its operations'/
Mr. BiLLUPS. — As soon as the i)lum blossom falls it begins, and the day before
yesterday, July 7th, I found a curculio in the act of laying its egg, which shows very
clearly that it is incessant. I very carefully watched the tree, and I am satisfied my
statements are correct. I have seen them on the plum, searching around for a place and
have seen it force in its beak and withdraw it, and prepare to lay its egg. I think that
is a thing that Mr. Saunders does not mention in his book — the length of time the cur-
culio operates.
Mr. MoRDEN. — I think it ordinarily does its work in about ten days.
Mr. BiLLUPS. — Well, tlip injurious work is probably done at that early stage, be-
cause after the fruit is well developed the curculio is comparativclv harmless to the fruit,
though it spoils the look of it. I have hud pears, for instance, bitten three or four times;
it does not actually kill the pear, but it makes a little rou'^h place. Some people think
that the Ijetter fruit is not attacked, but I do not think that is so. It is because the
hf'XUiV fruit is taken more care of and sprayed more fre(juently. I think they are just as
likely to attack the belter plums as the blue common plum.
A Member. — Is tliere any parasite of the curculio '<
Mr. BiLLUi'H. — Yes; but at present my experiments are in such early stag(!8 that J
aoj not prepared to make any distinct statement on the subject. I may say, however
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54 Victoria. Sessional. Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
that there are to my certain, kaowledge two or three distinct parasites of the curculio.
"The question arises whether we can so foster and encourage the parasite t'lat in time it
will become stronger than the curculio, and eventually wipo it from the face of the earth
altogether, I am trying a few experiments on a small scale to find out. Another curi-
ous thing about the curculios is that they seem to come suddenly and to disappear suddenly
Four years ago the corn weevil was very scarce in this locality, and the next year it
appeared in vast numbers. I found it on the white oak, the red oak and on qaercus
robur ; on three oaks. That in itself was a rather remarkable thing, as entomologists
have hitherto noticed it only on the white or the red oak, I am not sure which, while I
found it distinctly on three oaks. This year I have found traces of none, except one
perfect insect I found on the 24th May, and the year before there were none. They
seemed to appear one year and disappear entirely the next. In this Prof. Brodie's notes
agree exactly with my own.
PEAR BLIGHT
The President called upon Mr. McMichael, of Waterford, to speak on his experience
with pear blight.
Mr. McMichael. — This is a subject in which I am very much interested, sadly
interested this year and last year. I think it is now about twenty-five years since I
began pear culture, and daring that time we have had three recurrences of the pear
blight. We would have about three years during which the blight was bad, and then
perhaps five or six years freedom from it. We have also found that daring the tim3 it
was bad in the pears it was also equally bad on the apple trees. In my peir orchards,
where the blight has been worst, usually there has been an apple tree badly aff jcted, anjd
from that it spread very much worse to the pear trees. Where we havo takea those
trees out we have very much sooner got rid of the blight. List spring — I may say that
previous to that we had not been troubled for a number of years — T commenced cutting
on it abDut the midrlle of July, and I have reisou to regret that I did not com-
mence a month sooner. This year, in an orchard of about 150 pear trees that have been
planted out nearly twenty years, the trees had suffered a number of years with a fungus
which caused the wood to become very brittle and hard, and this spring, I think on the
9th of June, I commenced working in thetn, and the points of attack would average from
fifty to seventy-five or a hundred in each tree. They were in the twigs, and under the
twigs. With one hand I broke the twig out ; and with the othor, with a paint brush
filled with linseed oil, I went very thoroughly over the orchard, and I have done so four
or five times since, and in scarcely an instance where this wa^ taken out did the blight
reappear. A few days after that I went into another orchard of trees, set out about
eight years, which were remarkably thrifty, the growth long and the limbs just curling
over and the tree full of bloom, but in those trees I found it very difficult to cope with the
blight. The great difficulty is down on the limbs; these little twigs blighted, and in
three or four days the bark would be colored, but by going over them every other day,
just as the leaves began to turn, the art of taking these twigs oflf with a knife and paint-
ing over with linseed oil, I was enabled to save the litnb. I had been led to believe, by
the treatise of Prof. Burrill, that all the virus entered through the bark, or where it was
punctured, but in this orchard in nearly every instance it entered through the ends of
these little matured leaves or the blossom, and, where these are cut out, just a little
paring around it stops it. The bark being punctured the virus might easily enter again,
but the oil has a tendency to keep that out by closing the pores. If that orchard of
eight hundred thrifty trees had been left until now without taking those diseased pDrtions
oflf, I might as well have burned every tree, but the present indications are that we shall
be able to save it. One of the mistakes I made was in not cutting low enough ; you
have to cut three or four inches below any coloring of the bark, or the blight contiaues.
In the other orchard, where the limbs are hard, there was no difficulty in staying the
blight.
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64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
A Member. — Is painting without cutting any goodt
Mr. McMiCHAKL. — It is no good unless you cut below the blight.
Mr. MoRDEN. — Did anyone ever paint before the leaves came out ?
Mr. McMlCHAEL. — I did for a number of years, with the body and the limbs, and
there was no trouble. I thought oil was a preventive ; but my impression now is that
the virus enters mostly through the leaves, so of course it would not do any <:ood. But
it is a very great benefit to prevent the virus entering; you see in cutting off the limbs
that that is the place where the virus can enter. It is very difficult to avoid making
some little breaks in other limbs, and the painting with oil over them prevents the
blight entering.
Mr. Clixe. — Did you ever try leaving the blight on the tree and letting it spread ?
Mr. McMicuAEL. — No.
Mr. Cline. — 1 have tried it and it never has gone any further.
ISIr. ]\IcMicnAEL. — In our locality there are lots of trees entirely dead.
Mr. Clixe. — It just killed the top limbs down four or five feet. They were pretty
tall trees and 1 never cut them off.
Mr. McMiciiAEL. — Going from our place to Brantford wherever the trees were left
they are all dead, but where part was cut out it saved the trees.
The Secretary. — Mr. jNIcMichael has the impression that Prof. Burrill states that
the pear blight only enters through the bark.
Mr. McMichael. — Yes.
The Secretary. — Professor Burrill told me last year that the point through which
the blight most commonly enters is through the blossoms and the young growth at the
end of the branches. It may have been a previous statement of his that Mr. McMichael
saw, but I thought it best in justice to the Professor to mention it. His latest investiga-
tions seem to have convinced him that it is chiefly through the blossoms that the spores
of the pear blight fungus find their entrance into the tree. Therefore just after blossom-
ing time, as soon as we discover the least indications of blight in the blossoms or the
leaves about it, we should carefully go over our orchards and in that way we may be able
to save the trees.
Mr. McMichael. — My observation is that it enters more through the leaves than
the blossoms, and in four or five days the tree is destroyed if these are not taken off.
A ^Iember. — Is there any difference as between trees that are cultivated and those
which stand in sod ?
^Ir. ^IcMichael. — It seems at the first output of the leaves that it is as bad in treee
that are not thrift^, but it continues very much longer in the thrifty trees. It is also
my observation that where trees have been manured with barnyard manure they aro very
much more liable to it than where ashes havs been used.
APPLE PACKING.
The President. — I have no doubt there are many hero who are interested in apple
packing. Mr. A. Mcl^. Allan will now addre.ss us on "Repacking apples in Britain:
drawbacks and advantages ; why repack, and how."
Mr. Allan. — This is a question I suggested for the purpose of drawing out certain
informhtion which I am interested in getting. I suppose you are all aware that I am
intimately connected with the Imperial Produce Company of Toronto, a company which
is engBged in handling nil kinds of Canadian produc«i in tin; P.ritish markt-ts, and it is my
wish to make special rxpcriuKints in a yreat many lines in the interests of the fruit
growerH of Canada. This (juestion of repacking occurriid to me four years ago when 1
7G
M Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12;. A. 1891
was over in Britain at the Colonial Exhibition. A great many cargoes of the
apples that are packed and shipped from Ontario and other parts of Canada to Britain
arrive there in very poor condition. This arises from many difl'erent causes. In the first
place some of the apples are not fit to be packed or put in the barrels — apples with
particles of rot upon them or fungus spotting. They are very apt to heat from some
cause, and the result is that rotting takes place and the barrel of apples is more or less
damaged. It is rather the exception to find a cargo that comes out entirely in fine order ;
there is more or less damage, which those who ship over there will have seen mentioned
in the returns mostly as " slaojk, wet." It occurred to me, and I carried the idea into
execution, to take a cargo of that sort, open it up, and repack it. Of course there are a
great many objections to repacking. I would not advocate repacking a good barrel of
apples, as a rule, because there are more or less bruised specimens in it, and you would
really lose a considerable number of the apples by the repacking ; that is there are a con-
siderable number you cannot call first class specimens fit to repack in a smaller package.
But in the case of a damaged cargo I have known instances where it would be iuipodsible
to do otherwise than lose money for the shipper by placing them on the market in the
shape they were in. There would be no way of disposing of them in the condition in
which they were landed and making money of them for the shipper. Then the question
is what can be done ? I find in the majority of cases of that sort that there is a large
•quantity of really good apples, for which, by repacking them in a smaller package, I could
realise fancy prices. For well culled, uniformly sized, finely colored fruit an extra price
can always be realised in the British market, and by observing that I have been able to
bring the shipper out money in pocket when he would probably have been at a heavy loss
otherwise. Now, I would like to hear from those who have had personal experience iu
this matter of repacking what objections there are to that method. Our company has
the idea of going into it if it is found to be in the interest of the fruit growers in Canada.
We have all the accommodation and necessary arrangements made to do so and at a com-
paratively nominal cost to the shipper or grower. My own belief is that it is going to be
largely a matter of experiment for I have met very few persons who have any actual
experience in it. You must look for a loss in repacking; but under any circumstances,
with such cargoes there is more or less loss at any rate. I would prefer selling the fruit
in the original package if it was in anything like the proper condition, but, as I have said
before, such cargoes are rare.
The Secretary. — You spoke of putting the apples in a smaller package. What des-
cription of package 1
Mr. Allan. — I trade the barrels off for boxes and baskets ; anything I can got.
There is little or no difficulty in making a trade of that sort and I certainly found it
advantageous to sell in small packages. I see but one disadvantage in getting .'second-
hand packages. They judge fruit in the British market by the package in which it is.
If they see a fine, well got up package they want to see what's inside it and they conclude
at once that a man who has packed in that way cannot afford to put a poor article iu the
package. Every one is keen to get hold of such packages and they will always pay more
than enough to cover the extra cost of packing.
A Member. — W^juld you ship half barrels?
Mr. Allan. — Yes ; I think so. We used to sell pears by the barrel, but pear grow-
ers have learned that there is more money in selling them by the basket. You can make
a good deal more money by selling them in the smaller package even iu our own markets.
Mr. NiCHOL. — What do you think of box crates holding a bushel and a half of apples t
Mr. Allan. — I believe there would be more money than in shipping in the ordinary way
in barrels and they would not cost any more. For one firm we are making a specialty
this year by putting up apples in crates, so many boxes to a crate. The boxes are sup-
plied with a pasteboard division the same as e;?g boxes and an apple in each division,
packed just as eggs are. They are putting up fine Wealthy and Fameuse apples that way.
Mr. NiCHOL. — I think they would be more careful with a box than a barrel, whioh
ts rolled, would they not'^
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No 12). A. 1891
Mr. Allan. — Yes ; though they are getting into a better system of handlii.g now.
On the other side barrels are handled much more carefully than here. The only oV»jection
to a square package is that you cannot pack as tightly or well to keep them from moving.
I would not advise the putting up of anything except very choice fruit in the small
packages, nor in anv package for that matter, because it takes as much labor and costs as
much money to pack and send across a poor lot of apples as it does for the best.
Mr. XiCHOL. — Have you tried rolling them up in tissue paper?
Mr. Allan. — I did try that a good many years ago and on that occasion it came out
well, but to what extent that could be profitably carried I do not know. You will find
a good deal of fruit handled that way in Oovent Garden. Something of that kind could
be done with extra fine specimens in repacking. I am strongly impressed from the little
experience I had three years ago that repacking of these poor cargoes might be resorted
to advantageously. Boys and girls can be hired to do the work at merely nominal wages
and the only trouble is the loss of the poor and bruised fruit.
The Secretary. — I would like to ask you about early apples. Do you think it would
be possible to get any of our early apples over 1
Mr. Allan. — Yes, certainly. I think the Duchess would go but it must be picked
on the green side. You could scarcely try Red Astrachan. All early apples must be
kept in a cool atmosphere. I do not see the slightest difficulty in taking those soft fruits
across in a cold air compartment, and I believe we could get higher prices for those early
fruits than we can expect for our winter varieties.
The Secretary. — Do you think it would be possible to get pears over to England;
Bartlttt pears that are picked green 1
Mr. Allan. — I think there would be no difficulty in getting them over with the same
vessel arrangements. As to how it would pay that would depend altogether on the state
of the American crop. If the British and European crop was short it might be expected
to pay well. I would not advise the shipment of our pears to the English market except
under those circumstances.
Mr. Dempsky. — Does the pear crop often fail in the channel islands ?
Mr. Allan. — I do not think so. If we could educate the English taste up to appreci-
ate the fine fiavor of our pears we might do better, but they have not got to that point
vet. They are coming to it gradually, however. They now eat our apples, while a few
years ago they thought they were no good except for cooking.
HOW TO MAKE THE BEST OF TEN ACRES IN FBUIT OULTURPl
Mr. Morden. — The first requisite is the right man, and that man must have the
qualifications of a solid business man. To make money in fruit growing requires business
talent and it is a great mistake to imagine that a person lacking in business ability will
ever make a successful fruit cultivator. Next to that business ability he requires
a knowledge of the business he is engaged in. I will not dwell upon this, although it is
a current idea among city people that every man is a born farmer and fruit grower. If
you want to find a man who thinks he knows all about agriculture and fruit growing it
will he necesary for you to go in search of him in the centre of some densely populated
city. The men who have followed this business all their lives know very little about it
Although, as I have said, this is a very common idea it is a mistake. The fruit grower
needs a |jractical knowledge of his businc as in addition to business qualifications. He
also r(;(juir<H pluck and must be willing to work and fight weeds eight months of the year.
He must hate weeds with an undying hatred and maniftrst that hatn-d every day of the week
excei)t Sunday. Having got the right man the next thing is to locate him in the right place.
In th«' first place 1 would locate that man nf-ar some source of fertilisers. It is necessary to
put him near some town or village of considcuabh^ size, because to get the best results out
of ten acres requires no inconsiderable application of fertilisers. I would also have hiir
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54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
near a local market. It is rather a difficult thing to make a fortune out of growing fruit
and shipping it exclusively to distant markets. I have my.self a very deeply rooted
aversion to wearing out my life in the behalf of express companies and carriers and com-
mission men. Yet that is about the history of our business. The carrying companies
and commission men have been making money fast and we have been getting very little.
By being located near a local market we can very largely get rid of that trouble, but it is
seldom that a local market alone is sufficient for us and it is therefore also desirable to be
near a good shipping point, one at which there is competition, more than one way of reach-
ing the outside market. From this point, for instance, you have as a rule only the steam-
boat to connect you with Toronto. At the Falls we have a variety of ways : we com-
monly send our fruit into Toronto, just past your door, as cheap or even cheaper than you
send yours at the present time. We ship very largely through St. Catharines and Port
Dalhousie and we get it to Toronto just as cheap as the people of Port Dalhousie. Then
we have as alternatives this route and the Great Western railway line. It is a great
advantage to have a variety of ways of reaching the market. Now, having the right man
in the right place, which is near some town or village, you must have for the next thing
the right kind of soil, which is a very essential thing. It is quite possible in a small plot
where the soil is not right to make it right, but it would be rather a large contract to
undertake to make ten acres, not naturally adapted to the requirements of the fruit
grower, suitable for them. I think it was Henry Ward Beecher who said he never
respected a mountain so much as he did after he had attempted to make one, and I would
not advise any one to try and make ten acres of hard clay or very poor sand or swamp
into a fruit f{>rm, because you have to compete with men who have suitable soils for the
protit of the business, and to do so with any hope of success you must start on even terms
with them. If you start with a bad soil the chances are that the business will be a fail-
ure as a matter of piofit, and, as it is evident that the produce of ten acres of land in fruit
culture would be more than a single family would consume it is as a matter of protit we
are considering this question. Now we have the right man in the right place with the
right soil and he got s to work. Another one thing is this, and in this I have failed though
I generally try to practice what I preach : if you are not able to fertilise ten acres
properly sell five and fertilise the other five. Fruit growing requires a great deal of
manure, and it is my experience that a great many of the artificial fertilisers are a failure ;
indeed I have never yet been able to get ten dollars back from a ten dollar expenditure
in that line. The preparation of ground for fruit culture is a different thing from prepar-
ing it for the ordinary crops. If you wished to secure a good ordinary farm crop of oats
or barley you would probably not cultivate very deeply, but with fruit the ground requires
to be more deeply and thoroughly worked because the fruit will occupy the same ground
year after year, even in the case of strawberries probably two or three years, and I have
never yet been able to turn in manure so deeply that these plants would not find it, so
you need not be at all alarmed about cultivating too deeply. The soil should be verv
deeply cultivated and thoroughly worked, and all the weeds eradicated as far as possible
before planting. In planting rasjtberries, gooseberries and currants, plant in squares so
that you can cultivate crosswise. Raspberries you put five to six feet asunder and about
four feet in the row, &o you can cultivate both ways. With gooseberries and currants
you may plant closer, it will depend on the richness of the soil ; but as far as possible get
cross cultivation by which you will find the expense of cultivation very much reduced and
the results will be better. In some cases of course you plaut in rows. At the outset you
can plant a vegetable crop between your gooseberries, currants and raspberries, or grapes.
In grapes I am favorable to the idea of making the rows somewhat wider asunder, by
which you can get through readily with a waggon with manure, and you can utilise the
space between by getting a crop early in the season, because some vegetables will be
allowable in the case we are speaking of now. In regard to the varieties of fruit to be
planted that will depend vtry much on the kind of soil you have. If your soil is entirely
sandy you cannot plant so largely of seme varieties as you otherwise could. With a sandy
soil my crop of currants would be less and my raspberries greater. One of the thinf^s
that the possessor of ten acres would be very likely to plant at the outset is strawberries.
I would not advise, however, that any one should do what I have frequently seen done, to
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64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
plant these with a row of grapes, because there would be a good deal of difficulty in tak-
ing the strawberries out later on. I do not fancy planting them in the rows. To make a
success of planting strawberries the soil requires to be made very rich. Another crop is
gooseberries. From currants I have been able to make almost as much per acre as from any
other fruit I have ever grown. No matter how cold the weather you are almost sure of
a crop of currants, although this year I have a very poor one ; but we never get a total
failure and generally get good crops when we give them careful attention and fiyht against
the worms, which we must do. Just here I may say that I met with a difficulty this
year. Hellebore has been the remedy all along, but the hellebore I got this year is so
very mild that the currant worms will he killing the bushes next year, I have planted and
grown raspberries very largely and make as much money with them as with any (ruit. I
plant so as to cultivate both ways and I use cultivatois with knives. The sucker ques-
tion is no matter of difficulty with me. I have been able to get very large returns from
raspberries. I find that although you may get more strawberries to the acre, raspberries
will crive you ten or twelve cents a basket as readily as strawberries will six, and I have
always realised readily with raspberries. One reason perhaps is that I compete with our
American friends in their own markets. Nearly all the raspberries I growaie sold in the
United States. In that I have the local market I have just been contending for, and in
operating the local market I have followed the plan cf taking orders from private families,
which I can very readily do where I am known ; and I get the retail prices and my baskets
back. 1 have no baskets or crates lost or stolen. I can pick ray berries at three o'clock in the
afternoon and at six o'clock in the evening I am home with the money in my pocket. Black-
berries can be sold at good prices and are grown with profit at a few points, but I would not
recommend generally the culture of them even on this Niagara peninsula. I have never
made a great success of them, but some men have, so it is not for me to say because I have
failed with a certain fruit that no one else will make a success with it, and I find that
other people in other places do succeed. Quinces can be grown on a ten acre plot ; they
can be planted closely, as I stated before, and other things can be grown between while
they are young. I would grow plums also, especially if I had some clay. I have an
immense crop on my trees and I never fail in having a crop of some kind, although mine
is sandy soil on which we have to fight the curculio. I would also grow pears in a
limited area like this. Plums, pears and quinces can be grown where your space is
limited because by giving the care and cultivation I have spoken of a great deal can be
accomplished in a small space where the land is rich. Now, in dealing with ten acres
you must remember that you are to be confined to that area and you must not
at once plant the entire area with fruit because the fruit must be renewed
from time to time. One of the secrets of success in small fruit cultivation
is the renewing of your cultivation very frequently ; with raspberries and gooseberries
perhaps once in seven years, and oftener in the case of strawberries, and it is always
desirable to have some space reserved for that purpose which may be used otherwise in
the meantime. Anyone who would succeed in the growing of small fruits must be pre-
pared to do an immense amount of cultivation as compared with the ordinary farmer who
puts in his crop of corn or potatoes aud cultivates it once or twice. I find it necessary to
cultivate my ground twelve or fifteen times a year, and to hoe nearly as often, though
hoeing is not necessary so often, because if the f^round is rich the shading of fruits will
prevent the growth of weeds. We can keep weeds down very easily where the land is iu
thorough cultivation.
The Skcrktaky. Which would you rather have : ten acres of fruit planted and
cultivated in the manner you have described or a hundred acres of ordinary farm without
any fruit ]
Mr. MoKUEN. — Well, of late 3 ears farming has boon rather a poor bu.sinesa and it
would hardly bo fair to make a comparison. It would bo a mistake to think that you
would get from ten acres of fruit the same profit as from one hundred acres of ordinary
farm land with one-tenth of the expenditure, l)ut in farming one hundred acres there is a
conHiderabU^ investment for implements and buildings, and it is difficult to get your intor-
tttit out of it. If you bring that down to ten acres of course thoro are a great many
80
54 Victoria Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
advantages. You may do with a less expenditure for buildings, etc., and there will pro
bably be less hard, heavy labor, but you must not run away with the idea that you can
do that without expense. The fertilisation, planting and caring for ten acres of fruit so
as to get a profit is going to take considerable. I think it would be well in a hundred
acre farm to devote ten acres to fruit ; but if I lived ten or fifteen miles from any mar-
ket I would be soi-ry to drop ninety acres of it and devote the remaining ten to fruit.
Mr. BiLLurs. — I have tried pyrethrum and have found it ahead of hellebore and it
is not poisonous in any way as the hellebore is.
Mr. BucKE. — Why do you not use Paris green 1
Mr. MoKDEN. — I use it early in the season. The currant worms make their appear-
ance early in the season and sometimes I give them a little.
The Secretary. — I have very little trouble with the currant worm. I use the
hellebore in the powder, shaking it on the bashes just when the currant worm first appears,
which is quite early. We find him near the base of the bushes and I blow it down among
them and give them a good dusting. Early in the year you have very little dusting to
do and it is very effective.
CULTIVATION OF THE PEAE.
Mr. Dempsey. — It would not be possible for me at this late hour to go into any
extended remarks upon the pear. As to its culture I would select for it first of all a soil
a little on the clayey side and I would prefer a northern exposure, ascending slightly to
the north. I find that our trees situated in that way are less liable to blight. They
mature wood earlier in the fall and consequently they are more hardy. I grow some of
my finest pears on what was formerly a brickyard. I have had people walk through it
and pick up a little of the soil and say, " Oh, my ! if I had a soil like this I could grow
pears too." But it is one of the stifliest clays we have in any part of the country and the
secret is it was always dry. We have heard considerable about blight taking our pears
and apples. Now, I would simply endorse what we have heard to-night on that point
and let it go just there. I am satisfied the blight comes first through the leaves and if
neglected in a short time it becomes past cure.
Mr. McMiCHAEL. — My experience as to a northern or southern exposure varies a
little from Mr. Denipsey's ; I should recommend as a result of my experience a southern
rather than a northern exposure.
Mr. MoRDEN. — I have succeeded with some pears in a soft soil, though I believe a
hard soil is right. The specimens were not as good as those from a harder soil.
(6 r.G.) 81
64 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
APPENDIX.
REPORT OF FRUIT COMMITTEE- SUMMER MEETING.
The Committee on Fruits report :
That they have examined the gooseberry Pearl and can recommend it as a most prolific bearer, and
the samples exhibited show no indications of mildew and larger ones shown are a good sample, and are
presumably a variety of the Whitesmith and well worthy of cultivation. We also have noticed the King
Conn, which for appearance does not compare favorably with larger varieties, also a sample of the Industry,
which is now become a favorite variety. We have also noticed some excellent samples of currants, the
Fay and Versailles, &c. (Sent from Experimental Farm, Ottawa.) No. 369 is a berry of fine size, superior
flavor and highly commented on. No. 169 is of fair flavor, medium sized, and worthy of cultivation. No.
175 is too long gathered to retain its flavor ; seems very productive. No. 362 is a large berry, good flavor,
will rank No. 1. The strawberry Pearl is a marvel for size and beauty, highly flavored and wonderfully
productive, also some seedling strawberries. The sample No. 189 is productive and worthy of further trial.
No. 307 is of good flavor and worthy of further trial.
THE ONTARIO FRUIT LIST.- APPLES.
The Committee on the Ontario Fruit List reported as follows :
Your two committees appointed at the last summer meeting at Seaforth to prepare catalogues of all
fruit commonly grown in this province in such a manner as to show (1) a list of the varieties grown in the
province ; (2) lists showing the varieties best suited to the climate, elevation, soil, etc., for every district or
locality, and (3) that any and all such lists be so prepared or constructed as to enable judges at competition
exhibitions of fruits to intelligently estimate the true comparative value of any fruit on exhibition and
thereby secure uniformity and fairness in judging fruit at all such exhibitions, beg leave to report :
That upon a careful consideration of the subject it was found that the duties^of the two committees
were so inextricably mixed as to make it necessary for them to work conjointly.
The catalogue of apples herewith submitted is therefore the work of your joint committee, and is the
extent of their work to the present time. This report is therefore a report of progress.
The first decision arrived at by your joint committee was to leave out the headings usual in such a
catalogue, such as Size, Color, Hardiness and Productiveness. The first two. Size and Color (to which might
have been added Shape), are omitted because any such description to be of value should be sufficient for
identification of a variety, but has not yet been done by our best pomological writers. The headings
Hardiness and Productiveness are also omitted because they are applicable throughout the province to
but a very few varieties, yet many of the varieties grown are both hardy and productive in many places.
You will observe that your Committees have adopted four general headings, viz:— Season, Quality,
Commercial Value, and Total Value. Quality and Commercial Value are however sub-divided : quality
into Dessert and Cooking, which embraces about all the properties of Quality ; and Commercial Value into
Home Market and Foreign Market, which gives the nearest approach we may make to the commercial
value of any fruit.
The plan of rating adopted is to suppose all varieties to be perfect specimens. Then, the best varieties
under each of these four heads are rated at 10 and all the more or less inferior varieties by some figure less
than 10.
It frequently happens, however, even with the best varieties, that imperfect samples are exhibited. In
such cases all values given in the catalogue must be reduced one or more points each for lack of color,
under size, unevenness of size on plate, wormy, scabby or ill-shapen specimens, lacking stem or calyx,
polished fruits i. e. having bloom wiped off, or for any other thing which tends to change the natural
appearance of the fruit .
The column Total Value is for use when prizes are offered for fruit without designating the purpose for
which such fruit may be required.
All of which is respectly submitted.
{ TH03. BEALL, Chairmaa.
„. , ) ALEX. McD. ALLAN,
Signed, -s p j^ DEMPSEY,
\ P. C. BUCKE.
WiWDSOR, 10th December, 1889.
83
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 12). A. 1891
This catalogue was sent to the Minister of Agriculture in Julj', 1890, aeeompanied by the following letter from the-
Serretart'. From the Department printed copies were Bent out to all Secretaries of Agricultural and Hortiaultural
Societies in Oulario.
To the Honorable Charles Drvby, Minister of Agrievlture :
Sir, — The Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario has had under consideration the subject of "How to
attain greater uniformity and fairness in the awards of Prizes at Fairs." The great disparity in these
awards has been a matter of public comment. This has been esiieciallj- noticed in cases of collections of
fruits where the rating of the values of the varieties has been left entirely to judges, some of whom are
incompetent, and know very little of the comjiarative merits of the varieties placed before them. Even in
cases of single plates, many of the judges employed are in a quandary as to whether an apple, for instance,
should be classed among the fall or winter varieties.
The present system of appointing three judges in the fruit department of our Agricultural Fairs is also
thought to be a mistake, for, even if one of the three is an expert, the final judgment will often be reversed
in deference to the opinion of the other two.
Now, in order to secure uniformity and fairness in the awards and prizes for fruits at fairs, the first
important consideration seems to be the appointment of fruit experts who will not award prizes for winter
apples to autumn varieties, or allow one variety to pass for another because of their inability to identify
them. If three expert judges cannot be had it appears to our Association that it would be far better to
engage one expert, throwing upon him the whole responsibily and remunerating him accordingly, as i&
done in the judging at the poultry shows. Such a judge might also be required to give a list of points
upon which his judgment in each case was based.
It is evident that the educational value of our fairs depends very largely upon the correctness of 'the
judgments given, and it is therefore exceedingly desirable that the work of the judges should be based
upon some one standard, for even experts will differ with regard to the value of the various kinds of fruits,,
and their judgments cannot therefore be expected to be uniform.
To aid the directors of the Agricultural and Horticultural Societies of Ontario in attaining so important
an object as has been indicated above, the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association has undertaken the prepara-
tion of a Fruit Catalogue for the Province, beginning with the following one of apples, to which, in the
near future, is to be added catalogties of other fruits prepared in a similar way.
The Catalogue is not intended in any respect to be a guide for planters, as this has been dealt wilh'in
other lists which will appear in the next annual report of the Association, and because fruits which might
be of general excellence might be ill adapted to certain localities.
In order to the bettei- understanding the Catalogue a few explanations will be necessary. It will be
observed that the usual headings found in such a catalogue, nuchas "Size," "Color," "Hardiness" and
"Productiveness," have been omitted, the first two because any such description to be of value should be
sufficiently full and accurate to serve for the identification of the varieties, and the other two because ther«
are very few varieties which are uniformly hardy and productive throughout the Province. Four general
headings have been adopted, viz., " Season," " Quality," " Commercial Value " and "Total Value."
In the plan of rating, all varieties are supposed to be perfect specimens ; then the best varieties under
each of three or four heads are rated at ten, and all the more or less inferior varieties by some figure less
than ten. It frequentlj' happens,however, even with the best varieties, that imperfect samples are exhibit-
ed. In such cases all values given in the Catalogue must ba reduced one or more points each, for (1) lack
of color, [2] undersize, [3] unevenness of size on plate, [4] wormy, scabby or ill-shai)en specimens, [5] lack
of stem or calyx, [6] polished fruits, i. e., having bloom wiped off, or for any other thing which ^tende to
change the natural appearance of the fruit.
The column "Total Value " is for use when prizes are offered for fruits without designating the pur-
pose for which such fruits may be required,
The committee to whom the preparation of this list was entrusted consisted of the following gentlemen,
Tiz. : Messrs. Thomas Beall of Lindsay, Alexander McD. Allan of Goderich, P. C. Dempscy of Trenton^
and P. E. Bucke of Ottawa, but before publication their work was submitted to a general meeting of the
Association, where it was carefully amended and the desirability of its circulation among the secretairiefl of
Agricultural and Horticultural Fairs agreed uix)n.
I am. Sir,
Your obedient servant,
LINUS WOOLVERTON,
Se :rL'tary.
GaiMHDV, July, 1890.
84
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12).
A. 1891
Catalogue op Apples for the purpose of securing greater uniformity and fairness
IN judging at Exhibitions.
Name.
Alexander
American Golden Russet
American Summer Pearmain
Arnold's Beauty
American Pippin
Adam's Pearmain
Autumn Strawberry
Bailey Sweet
Baldwin
Beauty of Kent
Ben Davis
Benoni
Belmont
Blenheim Pippin
Blue Pearmain
Bottle Greening
Bourassa
Cabashea
Canada Baldwin
Canada Reinite
Cayuga Red Streak
Chenango Strawberry
Col vert
Cornish Gilliflower
Cox'.s Urange Pippin
Cranberry Pippin
Cellini
Domine
Drap d'Or
Detroit Black
Duchess of Oldenburgh
Dyer
Early Harvest
Early Joe
Early Strawberry , .
Edgar's Red Streak
Ella
Esopus Spitzenburg
Fallawater
Fall Janeting
Fall Orange
Fall Pippin
Flushing Spitzenburgh
Fameuse
Fall Queen (see Haas)
Gloria Mundi
Golden Russet (English)
Golden Sweet,
Grand Sultan
Gravenstein
Green Newton Pippin
Grimes' Golden
Season.
A
W
S
w
w
w
A
w
w
A
W
S
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
A
A
A
W
A
W
W
W
A
A
S
A
S
S
s
w
w
w
w
A
A
A
W
A
W
W
A
A
A
W
W
Quality.
Commercial value.
Dessert.
2
2
0
0
10
3
6
6
6
Cooking.
7
6
4
10
5
3
3
2
7
4
7
Home
market.
6
3
2
10
3
9
3
7
7
3
9
8
7
6
7
6
9
1
7
10
6
6
Foreign
market.
10
9
0
3
5
7
5
7
9
0
6
10
8
4
6
9
9
7
8
0
8
2
10
7
5
4
10
0
0
0
8
5
10
9
7
3
7
7
8
9
0
10
8
7
Note. — In the first column the letter S denotes summer, A autumn and W winter.
86
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12).
A. 1891
Oatalogub op Apples. — Continued.
Name.
Season.
Quality.
Commercial value.
Total.
Dessert.
Cooking.
Home
market.
Foreign
market.
▼alue.
Haas (see Fall Queen)
A
S
A
A
W
W
S
A
A
W
A
A
W
w
A
W
A
A
W
A
A
W
A
W
W
w
w
A
W
A
A
A
W
W
w
w
w
w
A
W
W
W
A
W
s
A
W
A
A
A
W
S
A
VV
A
W
A
5
6
2
6
7
5
7
1
9
0
1
8
9
7
5
3
2
5
2
1
3
4
3
6
8
4
6
8
1
7
8
9
9
7
5
4
4
9
10
5
4
7
9
10
0
1
5
4
5
2
G
G
5
7
5
8
8
8
5
6
3
7
8
9
10
0
5
7
8
9
8
7
9
'
7
7
7
7
8
6
8
7
3
8
10
9
10
7
7
8
7
4
0
G
9
7
4
G
I
5
7
4
G
«
6
7
5
7
7
8
4
G
1
7
8
G
10
1
5
4
6
7
4
5
10
7
G
.5
7
I
6
6
2
G
10
7
10
G
7
8
7
5
G
5
G
G
8
1
4
2
3
8
2
7
7
7
G
0
7
7
8
6
7
0
8
8
7
10
9
7
?
6
0
5
8
8
7
8
8
5
7
6
0
7
10
10
10
8
8
8
8
7
8
3
7
0
5
8
0
.'■)
5
T>
0
0
H
7
7
25
Hawley
16
Hawthornden
24
Holland Pippin
28
Hubbardston Nonsuch
31
Hurlbiit
20
Irish Peach
JefiFries
26
Jersey Sweeting
5
Jonathan
31
Kentish Fillbasket
24
Keswick Codlin
23
King of Tompkins County
38
Lady
19
Late Strawberry
Lawyer
24
21
Lord Suffield
24
Lord Duncan
24
London Pippin ....
Lowell
Lord Burleigh
16
La Kue
25
Maiden's Blush
25
Mann
25
Magog Red Streak
22
Mcintosh Red
28
Melon
31
Minister
21
Monmouth Pippin '. ....
27
Mother
27
Munson Sweet
G
Newton Spitzenburg
28
Northern Spy
38
Newton Pippin
35
Ontario
39
Peck's Pleasant
28
Pennock
27
Pewaukee
28
Pea<;h
Ph<i-nix
26
Poiiime (irise
21
Pomine Grise d'Or
24
Porter
17
Vnc.*\.\y
Primate.,.
22
19
Prenzea
28
Princ«^HH Louise
33
I'uinpkiu Sweft
5
Punipkin lluHHet
16
Poinme Royale (see Dyer)
Rambo
13
KawleH .laimt
li'-d Aftrachan
17
20
]i-<\ li.ll.-fl.;<ir
8
\ii:i\ (Jaiiada
27
Pk^d Cathead-
28
R<!d RuHHct
2ft
IWl liictighaimer
86
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 12).
A. 1891
Catalogue op Apples. — Continued.
Name.
Season.
Rhode Island Greening.
Ribston Pippin
Roxbury Russet
Scarlet Pearmain
Shiawas.se Beauty
Smith's Cider
Smokehouse
Sops of Wine
St. Lawrence
Stump
Summer Rose
Swaar
Swazie Pomme Grise
d'Or)
Stark
Snow (see Fameuse) . . .
(see Pomme Grise
Talman Sweet ,
Tetofsky
Trenton
Twenty Ounce (see Cayuga Red Streak).
Vandevere.
Wagener ....
Wallbridge (see Edgar's Red Streak).
Wealthy
Westfield Seek-no-Further
White Astrachan
William's Favorite
Wine Sap .•
Wine
Yellow Belle-fleur . . .
Yellow Transparent.
W
W
W
A
A
W
A
S
A
A
S
w
w
w
s
A
w
w
w
s
w
w
w
w
s
Quality.
Dessert Cooking.
10
2
1
10
10
8
Commercial value.
Home
market.
Foreign
market.
10
9
6
0
1
6
0
8
0
0
4
Total
value.
34
36
31
22
19
6
19
9
31
16
16
14
19
20
7
33
21
28
32
29
4
23
11
30
25
19
87
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 13). ' A. 1891
REPORT
OF
THE HON, THE PROVINCIAL TREASURER
ON THE WORKING OF THE
TAVERN AND SHOP LICENSES ACTS
IFOi?, THE -^:Ei.^Ti
1890.
PRINTED HY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.
TORONTO :
PRINTED BY WARWICK & SONS, G8 AND 70 FRONT STREET WEST
ISDl.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 13). A. 1891
CONTENTS.
Page
Pkeface y
Schedule A.— Shewing the Licenses issued, extended, transferred or removed, and the Revenue
received by the Province therefrom m 1886-7, 1887-8 and 1888-9 (by Districts) 2
Schedule B.— Comparative Statement of the number of Licenses issued from 1874 to 1889 inclusive,
(by Counties, and Cities separated from Counties) 6
Schedule C— Statement in detail of Licenses issued, extended, transferred or removed in the
Municipalities, and the amount paid to such Municipalities during 1887-8, 1888-9
and 1889-90 (by cities. Towns, Townships and Incorporated Villages) 20
Schedule D. — Amount of Fines collected, and the amounts paid for expenses of Commissioners and
Salaries of Inspectors in 1887-8, 1888-9 and 1889-90 86
Schedule E.— Comparative statement of Commitments for Drunkenness in the County Gaols, from
1876 to 1890 inclusive 88
Schedule F. —Names and post office addresses of Inspectors of Licenses 89
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
LICENSE REPORT.
Provincial Treasrurer's Office,
License Branch,
Toronto, January, 1891.
To the Honourable Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G.,
Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario.
Mat it Please Your Honour :
I have the honour to submit the Fifteenth Annual Report, and accompanying
Schedules, respecting the operation of the Liquor License Laws.
Number of Licenses.
Schedule A is a comparative statement of the number of Licenses of the various
denominations issued, and of the number extended, transferred or removed in each of
the License Districts of the Province, during the past three license years, and may be
thus summarized :
YEARS.
1887-8..
1888-9..
1880-90,
LICENSES.
Tavern.
Yearly. I Six onths.
— I
1450
2019
2992
^3 .
46
47
81
22
34
40
325
336
445
28
26
27
Vessel.
1886
2485
3609
Extensions, Transfers,
AND Removals op
Licenses.
a
o
>
m
a
c4
S
«
N
H
<A
123
250
31
46
365
39
46
534
56
404
449
636
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 13). A. 1891
Provincial Revenue.
The same Schedule shews the revenue derived by the Province from Licenses and
Fines to have been, for
1887-8 $201,542 45
1888-9 232,511 55
1889-90 307,281 02
Licenses in Counties and Cities.
Schedule B is a statement of the number of Licenses issued in the several Counties
and Cities during the past fifteen yeai's.
Licenses in Minor Municipalities.
Schedule 0 gives, in detail, as regards each City, Town, Incorporated Village, and
Township, and the Unorganized Territory of the Province, the number of Licenses (other
than Vessel Licenses) and of extensions, transfers and removals granted during the past
three years.
Total Collections.
This Schedule also gives the amounts collected on account of Licenses and Fines
(including the sums imposed by municipal by-laws), the totals of which (with the duties
derived from Vessel Licenses) were as follows : —
1887-8 $39.3,950 17
1888-9 470,855 50
1889-90 680,560 55
Municipal Revenue.
The payments to the Municipalities are shewn by the same Schedule to have been in —
1887-8 $156,979 89
1888-9 190,297 79
1889-90 297,353 45
The increase in the number of Licenses issued and in the revenue collected and
distributed between the Municipalities and the Province is attributable for the most part
to the repeal of the Canada Temperance Act throughout the Province, licenses
having been issued in all the counties in accordance with the provisions of the Liquor
License Act.
Fines.
The fines collected during the past year, as shewn by Schedule D, amounted to
$21,073.20 as compared with $18,454.63 in 1888-9.
vl
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 13) A. 1891
Salaries op Inspectors — Expenses of Commissioners.
The payments during the past year under these heads are set out in the same
Schedule and shew a considerable increase as compared with the previous year, owing to
the repeal of the Canada Temperance Act throughout the Province.
Commitments for Drunkenness.
Schedule E shews the number of prisoners committed for drunkenness during the
years from 1876 to 1890 inclusive. The number committed during the year 1890 as
compared with 1889 shows a decrease of 224.
The Inspectors of Licenses.
The names and post office addresses of the Inspectors of Licenses are set out in
Schedule F.
Special Inspection of Licence Districts.
The Special inspections of the License Districts, and the examination of the work
of the license officials therein, from time to time, have been continued during the past
year.
Respectfully submitted.
E. HAECOURT,
Provincial Treasurer.
vu.
54 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 13). A. 1891
SCHEDULES.
1(L.)
5i Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCHEDULE A.
Comparative Statement, bv License Districts, shewing the number of (Provincial)
such licenses extended, transferred or removed, and the amount of revenue
license years 1887-8, lS88-i^
Tavern Licenses Issued.
r
e.
Yearly Licenses.
Six Months
Licenses.
Tavern
Licenses
Extended.
Shop
Licenses
Issued.
Shop
Licenses
Extended.
LtcKNSE District.
Ordinary.
Beer
and
Wine.
Ordi-
nary.
Bee
anc
Win
00
i
f-l
—
9?
00
00
cc
o
cr.
oo
oo
37
06
'X.
T-H
00
g
cc
00
30
i
00
00
00
T— <
0
00
OC
00
t-
v_
5
3^ 0?
06 ;0
00 OC
00 \-Ji
^1"
00
1
0
(55 0
06 6i
g 1
00
00
r-l
00
00
00
l-H
0
00
00
op
i>.
00
00
00
CO
1-1
0
OS
00
r-l
26
22
?A
3
••
2
4! 5
5
2
17
1
"i8
—
"18
"26
32
38
39
.1
40
Brantford
■
i
••
i
.. ..
31..
i
'^
5
5
10
3
28 -
3
31
43
40
26
1
i
1
3
3
2
"3
2
3
2
1
4
2
1
1
3
1
7
10
2
Card well -. . .
10
1
.,..
...
23
24
25
26..
27J-.
Duff*^rin
.1. _
26
23
..
1
4
'2
2
12,..
25:..
.. ..
1
Elgin, West
39!.. .
1 3
1 1
"3
"i3
'"8
2
Ebsex, North ; 49
50
31
551..
38j 1
221..
32!..
32
i
2
3
2
^i--
1
1
•
■
I
. . i . .
1
1
1
i
Glengarry .
29
i.'u
&w
}■■
3
1
6
7
2
4
1
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
2
2
27
25
27
?i9.
27
25
30
31
7
28
90
29
28
41
26
39
41
34
38
39
2.5
39
20
19
15
28
52
17
4
3
7
9K
ill
Grey, South 28
Haldiiuftnd Xi
1
"
■•
1
....
61 ti
i
,
fH
.l..i..
....]....
H:iiiiilton '' 103
Hahtin^H, EaBt ■ 30
109
28
25
41
2t>
41
41
4
"1
' \
i
.
3
2
'2
6
..
..1 11 1
1 1
::
1
5
1
"3
.... 19
1 ....
'"'5 '.'.'.'.
40
2
4
7
37
3
4
(>
"e
6
"'i.o
38
;:
..
3
i
i
4
6
'2
3
_ 1.
4
J.
5
3
1
5
15
4
5
2
4
HaHtingH. West
H'lrori Ka«t
43
t
;;;;
Huron, South
..1 1
1
1
..1 1
1
,
1
••I--
1
:::; -2
1
20
Ivput We»t
Kin«<«ton
Ijaiiibton, K.i»:t .'.
42
43
1
:.:;i:::;i::::
Lnnark, North
..I..I..
..I..I.-
' . . .
..I 1
1
3
3
..1 2
1
51
...
51
13
{
5&1
B.W.
1 !
19
14
13
2
1
Manitoulin
/
One wbolesal*
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCHEDULE A.
Tavern, Shoi), Wholesale Six Mouths' and Vessel Licenses issued, aad the number ol
received by the Prov^ince therefrom, including the proportion of Fines, in the
and 1889-90 respectively.
Whole-
sale
Vessel Licenses
Issued.
Licenses
Transferred and
Removed.
s.
TnfalE
Proportion of Duties for
Provincial Licenses
Fees for
Licensee
Issued.
Ordi-
1 nary.
Beer
and
Wine
00
00
i
Transfers. J;^'^^
Transfers and Removals,
and Fine>! received by
tlie Province.
R£MA£&«<
00
00
. o
o6 6i
oc oc
00 00
3 '
100 C5
it- |o6
loo 00
00 00
rH ,rH
1
1 1 1
d
00
00'
4
»■ OJ
C- 00
00 00
CO cc
rH 1— 1
. \
00
00
00
rH
. . .'
"5
"'4
3
'"8
4
4
4
2
7
1
"26
8
3
19
"i
0
06
00
x^
"4
'"5
"4
7
12
3
"i
5
2
••■;
<
8
1
5
3
2
5
2
6
44
5
8
12
3
9
10
"i
g odl
era ,t^
CO loo
CO |CO
rH 1^
06
CO
d
C5
00
00
r-l
06
00
l-H
06
00
00
%
ds
00
CO
06
00
CO
tH
06
00
00
1
o
en
cs
30
oo
rH
$ c.i
1633 02.
1 1
1
6,
5;
6
l|
6
12
43
38
21
12
32
56
37
43
65
52
28
36
41
31
26
25
36
55
83
45
20
42
39
35
35
34
37
8
31
179
35
35
63
SI
$ c. S c. 1
1- •
v
. 1
!••
i 6
:;
5
..1
2
4
37
1
34
ii87 22 1
.......... ^
3357 75|
2182 46 2514 50,
1 !
i 1193 33
270 00,
3
30
31
3321 79
3320 43
3390 40
34
39
55
48
"36
31
27
2043 43
2046 63
2515 63
2472 93
2060 33
1880 00
2918 23
2375 65
1197 85
2113 86
1868 56
1485 06
2220 95
887 69
1749 12
4486 33
4838 04
2535 64
1032 4.-^
1919 50
2438 23
1484 75
2417 64
1816 93
1903 25
301 64
1936 46
25051 38
17«5 77
1671 70
5209 35
1300 92
2839 71
3346 03
2482 47
5001 05
8.526 18
1 2066 42
3219 84
1517 07
1828 86
i
1
'2
"1
13
19
9
"5
12
4
2
8
4
4
2
545 94
::
1919 94
1806 03
1422 88
'2
1
1
3
....
"73
45
"76
44
4741 14
2210 76
4355 54
2219 12
3
4
••1 ^
35
1676 54
5
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
35
42
38
50
7
35
39
33
42
8
34
202
37
39
69
29
58
57
1233 18
2956 20
2026 52
2104 23
242 23
1550 67
2662 34
1747 29
2043 25
243 50
1841 64
27432 34
1.562 11
1.554 81
5637 41
1257 10
2932 40
3597 70
■4:
3 '
i '
1. .
I..
4
2
' 'i ' '
23
3
3
14
3
4
i
7
'2
4
i
2
192
41
36
' 78
1
27852 98
1507 24
1713 13
6019 89
'2
3
71
54
48
40
4q
3
5
6
3
4
••
1 ' '
1
2
1
74
69
69
. 33
4fj
22
27
25
47
9461 98
8911 77
1
!
4
5
8
2
1....
1 1330 27
2417 10
1
1 ..
r
11
5
3
9
I
2
1
94
79
16
82
ic
13665 46
'
12373 40
.596 9?^
12280 IC
' 949 8."
►
Ikoease extended.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 18M
SoHEDULK A. — Comparative Statement shewing the number of (Provincial)
"iavern Licenses Issued.
T
C!V.nr,
Cih,>,
Yearly Licenses.
Six Months'
Licenses.
Licenses
Extended.
Licenses.
Issued.
Licenses
i#t«:N.-*K DiSTKICT.
Ordinary.
Beer
and
Wine.
Ordin-
ary.
Beer
and
Wine.
Extended.
00
CO
r-l
oo
2
©
i
24
22
25
13
oo
3D
3
OS
CO
CO
00
00
00
X
1-1
o
i
rH
ci
CO
CO
.-1
o
C5
CS
■Jj
CO
1-1
00
op
OJ
00
00
00
0
°?
00
00
op
l>-
00
on
rH
C5
rH
0
OS
C5
CO
00
op
l^
00
CO
I-t
9
00
1
%
CS
00
00
>liddlfse.K, East
3
.5
0
3
1
2
4
3
A/f ; rl .^ 1 o*;*^ V \V P^h
T
'l
..
1
.. ..
ilonck
9 9
2 5
1
3
"i
i
]
2
..!i
..1 3
.
2
?
■ 4
3
• 1
Muskoka . . . . ,
3
24
8
23
17
14
15..
23'..
18;..
17!..
20 ..
241..
i
24 ..
35|..
80 ..
1
3
3
3
'•2
4
3
1
5
....
1
5
Norfolk. North
XorfoJk, Smith
N'orthumberJand, East
Northumberland, West
6
4
5
2
56
3
3
Ontarirt, South
Ottawa
-75
"76
....
" 1
"68
"54
1
4
28
24
25
42
1
4
1
:;|;:
....
23
44
....
17
42
58
36
"46
28
8
"32
21
1 ..
1 ..
1 ..
l>pel
"1
2
....
4
8
5
3
5
5
3
5
4
2
8
1
2
3
1?
....
I'ortli, North
58' "•«
37
44
31
15
26
!'eteiV)orouo;h, East. . .
!Vterb<irough, West..
i're-i^- -tt
Frin <• Edward
Rainy Rivfr
Kt-rifiHW, North
U^-nfrPW, South
1
1
i
••
1
2
3
2
2
4-2: . .
..|..|. .
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
3
9
...
1
....
16 15 1
11, 12;..
22, 23..
33' 3ll--
1 •----
1
,
1
....
. ..
32, 52
22 23
22 22
.. ..|..|..
.-^r. Catharines
.>iiiicoo, ' entre
Simc'.f, V.A'^t
SirnciiH. Went
2
4
1
2
2
3
1
[
2
1
1
1
6
• ■ 1 ■
3
....
7
7
4
4
7
1
8
50
6
4
5
i
7
50
1
32 32'..
36 39..
271 26..
371 33 . .
1.^.0 1621 1
1
1 1
....
2
69
"is
1
"2
5
50
Thunder Bay
44
149
1
7
4
6
18'--
1 !
28
47
44
(is
2!l
31
34
26
21
30
5
••
i
t
1 L-
"2
5
"4
....
3
....
1
35
7
R
2
■ Vatt^r'oo, North
Vrif' rloo, South
rid
4fi! 47
41' 43
71 j 66
i--
9:"|i
2
2
4
«
5' 4' -fi
10; 8
j....
9
2
2
3
2
1
—
1
.'> .' iiigt'in, South
\V<-)llnKt.>n, West
Wftitwc.rth, North .'. .
Wentworth, South
"271 "S."!
23[ 20
9«! un
1
1 1
2
.........
;;i;; ;;;;
3
2
1
1
"2
2
1
" 1
....
;;;•
Y-.rlr, Ni.rth | 41 41
411 3, 2
37 '
..I..
2
1
102
"1
8.,
1
1
'
"1
9
TotaU
1450
2019
2992
46
-
47
81
22
-
40
2
—
6
9
325
336J 445
' • •
'21
11
Mmtkoka and Parry Sound divided in 1887-8. Algfniia and Manttuuliii divide 1 iu 1S8S-9.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A 1891
Tavern, Shop, Wholesale, Six IMonths" and Vessel Licenses, etc. — Continued.
Whole-
sale
Licenses
Issued.
Vessel Licenses
Issued.
Licenses
Transfered and
Removed.
Totals.
Proportion of Duties for
Provincial Licenses,
Fees for
■ Transfers and Removals,
Ordin-
ary.
Beer
and
Wine.
Transfers.
Re-
movals.
and Fines received by
the Province.
Remakks,
00
t^
00
oo
»
CO
oo
rH
t
00
op
t^
00
oo
2
9
CO
CO
OO
::
..
■ •
'2
2
;;
00
00
cc
00
i
35
06
00
i
0
C5
Cti
CO
CO
■•
::
1
1
■■
op
t^
00
CO
1-1
3
"21
5
6
12
5
8
ai
06
1
"i
1
2
4
4
"14
....
....
4
10
12
4
7
2
1
'"h
4
2
7
7
7
6
4
27
....
6
"io
'"'4
6
6
6
3
365
0
■JD
00
00
t^
CO
00
-Io
op 0
00 '00
00 00
r- \r-i
op
t^
00
oo
1—1
CO
1-1
0
«?
o>
OP
00
T-(
29
37
35
25
29
28
31
23
29
35
40
40
167
41
33
30
55
21
39
54
24
19
29
52
59
37
36
44
54
31
43
277
28
39
57
49
106
36
41
48
34
29
36
57
43
4246
op
t^
1
00
cc
CO
0
Oi
2
'
1
i'i
..
••
i
1
■•
i4
1
'f,
.? c.
.S c.
S c.
1142 89
1820 97
1941 36
881 04
1380 43
1279 24
5
4
5
2
•■
"i7
3
32
"ie
17
29
27
24
755 65
230 00
1333 23
749 17
945 82
1241 92
0
0
\
5
3
12
5
1
1487 42 i 1552 07
841 271 861 90
1 1673 55
2114 50
1705 66
2538 69
25347 69
2314 45
1934 17
1410 71
2632 33
5545 98
2678 57
893 77
3112 87
2280 53
1484 94
■
" "26676' 05
' '24280 '41
1
7
2 12
1
....
175
151
i
1
1
23
56
81
46
28
61
78
46
2
7
6
8
3
'2
1074 57
2673 71
6045 95
2731 09
1289 31
2693 91
5541 61
2735 13
2
8
3
1
8
7
2
8
"9,
'i
1
57
29
14
55
27
16
25
48
36
36
34
44
50
35
50
273
....
59
47
106
2517 22
1838 79
548 82
'"i.590'34
3829 36
4234 00
41886 25
2374 55
1471 58
1
•2
8
'i
i
1
• •
■ •
7
2
"o
3
7
"is
"4
3
6
9
4
250
883 48' 720 72
1052 78 1808 34
2470 90 2553 49
1569 93' 2505 35
3942 01 i 3901 73
1771 431 1762 96
_
1
1
""ss
37
1
13
..
5
7
4
2
34
6
8
4
"ii
11
4
7
4
11
6
i
1
"i
ii
'3
1
1
15
3
1
....
63
307
60
48
113
2664 67
2877 27
12('9 90
3522 68
39024 00
2647 41
3206 96
1154 87
3026 38
39493 49
1125 21
2166 67
3687 18
3271 92
5838 32
2104 31
3584 78
3091 55
6272 42
3732 94
3135 31
5637 87
! 2942 19
2570 52
27
1
i
'2
39
56
37
28
36
58
47
2290
34
33
37
50
39
2935
i983 45
1079 50
150 t 88
2704 18
2416 81
1675 97
1013 23
1578 87
2647 85
1914 07
1689 62
980 58
1617 90
2649 25
2181 35
28
4
8
534
31
201542 45
232511 55
307281 02
Wholesale extended.
f*4: Victoria,
SessioDal Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCFIEDULE B.
Comparative Statement, by Counties and Cities, showing the number of (Provincial)
Tavern, Shop, Wholesale and Ve.';sel Licenses issued in the several Counties of the
Province, and the Cities separated from Counties, for the license Vears 1874-5-6-7-8-
9-80-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 9.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
Cou:<TY.
Year.
Kemafks.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
.Al^oma (includinij Thun-
der Bav) . .
1874
30
14
3
1875
1876
36
18
15
3
1877
19
5
.
1878
19
5
1879
21
8
1880
22
6
1881
29
9
1
1882
35
9
1883
56
6
1884
74
12
1885
58
12
1886
62
16
1887
70
9
The licenses issued in
1888
83
10
Kainy River in 1887are
18S9
90
17
not inchided in this
schedule, there were
8 tavern, 2 shop and
1 wholesale.
3rant (not including City
of Brantford)
1874
95
29
1875
73
22
2
1876
56
14
4
1877
1878
7
5
Dunkin Act in force.
53
11
1879
55
14
1
1880
57
14
1
1881
55
14
1
1882
59
13
1
1883
58
11
1
1884
49
7
1885
44
7
1
1886
1887
1888
1889
1874
Can. Temp. Act iu force.
do
do
26
2
.^rwte
180
25
1875
119
22
1870
88
13
3
1877
83
12
2
1878
1879
^3
93
9
12
2
Dnnkin Act in force for
10 months.
1880
98
14
1881
105
15
1882
109
18
1883
108
16
1884
99
15
1885
188G
1887
1888
Can. Temp. Act in force.
do
do
97
0
1 1889
1
102
6
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. lo).
A. 1891
Schedule B. — Coniparative Statement etc. — Continued.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
COUNTT.
Year.
Remarks.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
': '■:^^
<JarIeton (not including
Ottawa)
1874
1875
89
79
5
8
1876
44
1
2
1877
55
3
1878
43
3
1879
43
1
1880
42
3
1881
50
3
1882
54
1
1883
58
1884
58
1
1885
55
1886
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1887
1888
do
_
do
1889
26
1
"Dnfforin . , . ,
1881
33
7
New County erected
24th January, 1881.
1882
33
5
1883
34
5
1884
34
4
1885
Can. Temp. Act in force.
•
1886
1887
1888
do '
do
24
2
1889
1874
27
2
Blgin
113
25
1875
110
24
1876
66
16
2
1877
66
10
1878
69
12
1879
72
16
1880
74
12
1881
74
13
1882
74
13
1883
74
16
1884
74
12
1885
71
10
1886
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1887
1888
1889
do
do
Not including St. Thomas.
48
2
Sssex
1874
1875
120
101
28
25
6
6
1876
62
14
5
1877
69
18
1
1878
69
18
2
1879
71
18
3
1880
70
19
2
1881
74
21
2
1882
71
20
2
1883
74
19
2
1884
70
15
1
1885
1 1
13
1886
74
16
1887
84
15
1888
82
10
1889
95
12
o4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No 13).
A. 1891
ScHDEULE B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
1
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
COISTT.
Year.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Remarks.
Frontenac (not including
1
Kingston
1874
1875
1876
1877
71
57
29
17
2
29
1
Dunkin Act assumed to
1878
34
1
be in force until quash-
187S>
36
ed, December 28th.
1880
33
1
1881
33
1
1882
33
2
1883
36
2
1884
34
•>
1885
34
I
1386
1887 1
1888
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force.-
do
do
23
1874
1875
115
114
20
16
3
2
1876
77
11
5
2
1877
1878
S
2
1
Dunkin Act in force.
72
7
Dunkin Act in force un-
1879
91
12
1
1
til September.
1880
88
17
1
0
1881
1882
1883
84
88
95
16
18
20
1
1
3
Melancthon and Fhel-
burne attached to new
County of Dufferin.
1884
1885
91
92
19
18
1
188G
92
16
3
1887
1888
1889
86
84
84
14
I
3
4
1
1874
1S75
9(5
83
16
13
1
1
1876
45
5
1877
49
4
! 1878
49
4
1 1879
50
5
1880
47
5
1881
r>i
5
1882
52
'0
1883
51
5
1884
47
5
1885
1 47
3
1
1886
48
4
1887
1888
40
43
2
4
The licenses issued in
the Monck portion of
1889
45
3
this County are not in-
cluded in this schedule
in 1887; they are 9
hotel and 2 shop.
1886
1887
7
6
See Victoria, poM.
1888
6
1889
7
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Schedule B, — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
County.
Year.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Remarks.
Halton
1874
1875
61
58
4
1876
39
1
1877
38
1878
38
1879
42
1880
41
1881
41
1
1882
Can. Temp. Act in force,
do
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
do
do
do
do
28
1889
28
1874
117
23
1
1875
100
21
2
1876
76
]1
3
1
1877
82
14
3
1
1878
89
15
3
2
1879
94
15
3
1
1880
91
16
3
1881
90
15
3
1882
95
13
3
1883
97
15
3
1884
99
15
3
1885
98
17
3
1886
104
16
2
1887
102
13
2
1888
96
13
3
Not including Belleville . . .
1889
73
9
Huron ....
1874
1875
150
164
38
37
2
1876
113
16
3
1877
124
16
1878
127
20
1879
134
21
1880
131
16
1881
128
15
1882
124
15
1883
124
15
1884
111
14
1885
1886
1887
1888
Can. Temp. Act in force.
do
do
108
11
1889
109
8
Kent
1874
1875
1876
128
118
66
41
34
13
1
1
1
4
1877
1878
67
65
15
13
1
1879
(i7
14
1880
67
13
1881
1882
1883
69
69
70
13
14
14
1
1
1884
75
11
1885
71
8
1886
1887
1888
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force,
do
do
72
6
«4 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13.)
A. 1891
St'UEDULic B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
COVNTT.
Year.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
RKUAKK3.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
1874
1873
89
85
44
33
1
1876
65
28
1
1877
65
25
1878
70
27
1879
72
26
1880
71
25
1681
72
22
.
1882
75
22
1883
73
19
1884
74
16
1
1885
70
10
1
18S«
1887
1888
1889
1874
1875
Can. Temp. Act in force,
do
■■■ "1 ■ ■
do
65
9
Lanark
62
62
20
14
2
1
1870
32
9
o
1877
1878
32
7
9
4
Dunkin Act in force, ex-
cept in Perth.
1879
33
6
1880
34
S
1881
36
6
1882
36
7
1883
35
7
1884
36
7
1885
37
6
1886
1887
1888
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force
do
do
39
6
Leeds and Greiiville
1874
145
32
1
1875
136
23
1
1876
79
23
3
1877
101
25
1878
97
19
1879
97
18
1880
97
20
1
1881
89
18
1882
92
21
1883
94
21
1884
88
17
1885
87
17
1886
1887
1888
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force.
do
do
73
13
Lennox an*i Addington . . .
1874
1875
1K76
52
46
28
7
8
6
1
1
1877
1878
1
Uunkin Act in force.
36
6
1879
37
5
1880
37
5
1881
41
5
1882
43
(!
1883
45
6
1884
44
5
1885
42
6
1880
1887
1888
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1
do
1
do
52
3
10
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Schedule E. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
County.
Year.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
Rhmakks.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Ijincoln (not including
St. Catharines)
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
94
103
70
70
69
72
73
69
73
72
71
64
23
37
31
25
21
16
12
14
15
13
11
10
Can. Temp. Act in force,
except in St. Catharines.
1887
1888
1889
do
do
36
3
Middlesex (not including
London) . ,
1874
188
17
1
1875
174
33
1876
122
26
3
1877
139
23
1878
143
21
1879
141
19
1880
134
' 18
1881
138
18
1882
133
16
1883
130
18
1884
126
17
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
128
16
1
Can. Temp. Act in force.
do
do
82
8
Mwttkoka »ad Parry Sound.
1874
1875
1876
9
23
19
•
1877
22
1878
29
1879
38
1
1880
44
4
1881
45
4
1882
48
5
1883
49
6
1884
48
4
1885
37
1
1886
23
1887
21
1888
32
1
1889
45
2
3>fipi«aia{;
1878
2
1
1879
3
1
1880
3
1
1881
11
8
1882
8
6 ^
1883
9
5
1884
5
5
1885
23
6
1886
22
4
1887
24
5
1888
23
4
1889
23
4
11
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Schedule B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
County.
Year.
Remarks.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Norfolk
1S74
1875
73
74
6
0
1876
51
4
2
1877
51
5
1
187S
CO
5
1879
51
7
1880
51
6
1881
55
6
1882
56
6
1883
54
6
18S4
51
4
1885
Can. Temp. Act in force.
188G
1887
1888
do
do
37
4
1889
41
3
Northumberland and
Durham
- 1874
135
35
2
187.'i
121.
32
2
187G
102
27
4
1877
103
25
2
1878
89
21
2
Dunkin Act in force for
1879
1880
1881
98
100
100
21
22
23
10 months, excejit in
Port Hope and Co-
bourg.
1882
1883
1884
102
104
101
23
23
19
1885
97
10
1880
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1887
1888
1889
do
"l4"'"
do
81
Ontario
1874
1875
86
87
35
23
1870
GO
10
1877
58
9
1878
55
8
2
Dunkin Act in force for
1879
61
9
10 months.
1880
05
11
1881
66
12
1882
71
13
1883
72
12
1884
68
11
1885
67
12
1880
1887
1888
1889
1874
Can. Temp. Act in force,
do
do
■•■04"--
104
1
29
Oxford
1875
102
25
1876
73
9
4
1877
70
10
1
1878
71
10
1879
74
12
1880
74
14
1881
73
13
1882
74
11
1883
72
9
1884
02
8
188.5
1880
1887
1888
1889
Can. TfiTip. Act in force,
do
do
do
52
n
i
12
5t Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Schedule B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
OOUNTT.
Year.
Remabks .
Licenses.
91
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Pyel
1874
15
1875
86
15
1876
49
10
1877
57
9
1878
60
8
1879
57
7
1880
62
rr
I
i
1881
56
7
1882
57
6
1883
57
5
The licenses iesued in the
1884
1 55
4
Village of Boulton a,nd
1885
58
4
Township of Albion,
188(5
55
5
in Gardwell, are not
1887
46
4
included in this sche-
1888
57
3
dule for 1887. They
1889
52
3
were 10 tavern.
Perth
1874
1875
145
135
33
25
1876
101
13
3
1877
105
17
1878
105
17
1879
110
18
1880
110
19
1881
106
19
1882
no
19
1883
109
17
1884
102
14
1885
93
14
1880
95
12
1887
95
13
1888
96
10
!
Not including Stratford . .
1889
74
S
Peterborough
1874
1875
98
72
16
16
1876
40
11
2
1877
1878
1879
43
35
42
11
11
13
1
Uunkin Act in force, in
part of West Riding,
for 10 months.
1880
1881
1882
1883
46
46
50
50
12
14
15
14
1
1
1884
1885
46
43 1
13
12
1886
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1887
1
(1.)
1888
1889
1S74
do
'"43 "'
" "io"'"
1"'"
i
Prescott and Russell
63
10
1
1875
58
11
1
1876
52
1877
46
5
1878
49
5
1879
41
5
1880
42
4
1
1881
50
5
1882
53
6
1
1883
62
7
i
1884
()5
4
188^
65
3
1
1886
68 1
1
18S7
78
].
1 '
1888
76
1
1
j
1889 '
94
1
1
1
1 '^
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
ScHEDULl B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
\
Tavern
1
Shop i
Wholesale
Vessel
County.
Year.
Remakkb.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
1874
187-T
1870
1877
1878
1879
1880
22
23
3 '
3
3
1
1
1
Uunkin Act in force.
do
.::::::::/::::::::.
d«
23
24
2
2
1
3
1881
1882
24 1
22 1
3
3
1
•>
1883
1884
23 1
21 1
4
1
2
2
188.0
1S8G
23 1
24 1
2
2 '
2
1887
1888
1889
1874
21 1
18 1
16
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
Renfrew
100
35
1
1875
102
30
1
1
1876
1877
51
42
20
17
1
1878
31
15
1879
36
16
1880
42
21
1881
47
17
1882
48
23
1883
63
30
1884
44
20
1885
1886
1887
1888
Can. Temp. Act in force.
;::;,::::
do
i
^
do
55
12
1889
55
16
1874
1875
223
196
42
35
2
2
1876
13.5
24
2
2
1877
137
24
2
1878
149
21
1
1879
142
20
1
1880
155
23
1
1881
144
23
1
Mono 'and Mulniur at-
1882
146
23
tached to new County
1883
147
26
of DuflFerin.
1884
138
24
1885
1886
1887
1888
Can. Tt'Hip. Act in force.
do
do
i2i
17
1889
124
18
Storriiont, Dundas and
Glenj^arry
1874
122
31
1
1875
80
1 28
1876
82
22
1877
87
17
1
1878
94
17
1879
91
16
1880
91
18
1881
96
1 18
1882
95
18
1883
89
1 17
1884
92
15
1885
1886
1
Can. Teiup. Act in force.
1
do
1887
1
do
188H
105
1 8
1889
111
1 10
14
51 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
ScHKDUDE B. — Cornparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
i
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Ves.sel
County.
Ye.ar.
Remarks.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Victoria
1874
1875
1876
78
70
55
13
9
5
1
1
1
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
56
56
60
59
62
62
62
58
54
5
6
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
Including Haliburton.
1
2
1886
Can. Temp. Act in force.
1887
1888
1889
1874
1875
do
do
46
2
Waterloo
135
136
21
20
3
1876
86
19
13
1877
84
17
10
1878
87
17
1879
89
15
1880
87
15
1881
88
16
1882
90
17
1
1888
1884
91
92
15
14
1 1
1885
90
13
1886
87
12
1887
87
12
1888
90
9
1
1889
91
10
1
Wellaiid
1874
1875
145
151
28
23
3
1876
73
19
1877
80
19
1878
89
21
1879 '
92
25
1880 1
87
29
1881
81
19
1882
78
20
1883 1
79
18
1884 1
82
14
Licenses issued in Monck
1885 1
78
15
Tp. of Waintleet, are
1886 1
82
12
not included in this
1887 1
76
10
schedule in 1887. There
1888 1
70
8
were 2 tavern.
1889
73
9
Wellington
1874 1
183
52
1875 1
182
41
3
1876 1
138
29
3
1877 1
130
28
3
1878 1
134
29
1879 1
138
29
1880 1
145
30
1881 1
1882 1
134
128
24
26
Orangeville, Amaranth
and East Garafaxa, at-
1883 1
126
22
tached to new County
1884 1
116
19
of Duilerin.
1885 1
104
13
1886 1
1887 1
1888 1
1889
Can. Temp. Act in force .
do
do
:;■
Not including Guelph
78
5
15
7)4: Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Schedule B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
I
Tavern
Shop
Wholesale
Vessel
•
CouNTr.
Year.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Rkmaukb.
Weatworth (not iucluding
Uamilton)
1874
110
32
4
1875
107
19
2
1876
61
11
2
1877
56
10
1878
47
6
1879
63
6
1880
56
6
1881
55
6
1882
51
6
1883
52
6
1884
54
6
1885
54
6
1886
49
6
1887
51
5
1888
47
4
1889
4U
3
York (not includiug To-
■ ■ '■ ■
routo)
1874
1875
148
164
39
35
1876
108
16
1
1877
97
15
1878
1879
1880
Dunkia Act in force.
"114
117
' "is ""
16
do (MM
month (May.)
1881
128
21
1882
131
24
1883
132
23
1884
121
13
1885
114
12
1886
116
10
1887
109
7
1888
107
2
1889
112
1
10
51 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
ScHKDULK B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Continued.
City.
T»routi>
Hamiltou
Ottawa
1874
1875
1S76
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
Tavern Shop
Licenses. Licenses.
.^09
299
216
182
181
195
204
210
216
197
217
227
224
150
150
152
127
110
68
68
68
68
74
89
98
105
97
110
112
107
111
91
120
114
75
75
73
73
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
76
80
184
128
100
100
92
98
94
95
100
98
88
71
66
50
50
50
93
72
61
55
64
61
57
55
58
54
47
48
45
40
37
38
77
148
77
80
77
71
72
77
76
84
78
77
69
68
54
56
Wholesale
Licenses.
21
28
39
26
20
19
18
15
14
14
13
14*
13
13
12
Vessel
Licenses.
14
11
7
7
8
7
7
8
8
4
3
5
4
16
9
9
6
10
6
4
6
7
5
3
2*
3
1
3
1 B. & W.
1
1 B. & W.
RuUABKfi.
'Dominion iasued.
2(L.)
17
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1801
ScuEDCLE B. — Comparative Statement, etc. — Contimied.
\
Tavern
Shop
Wliolesale
Vessel
Ot7Y.
Year.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Licenses.
Rrmabks.
1874
187.T
75
75
40
74
3
2
1S7«
57
34
5
1877
58
35
1
1878
58
37
1
1879
57
36
2
1880
45
27
2
18S1
45
24
2
1882
47
26
3
1883
47
24
2
18S4
48
22
2
188.5
49
22
1
1880
GL
21
J"
1SS7
54
19
2
1888
57
14
1
1889
5cl
13
1
.
1874
1875
97
75
25
20
1
1
3
1876
53
23
C.
5
1877
Gl
21
3
8
1878
61
21
3
8
1879
62
20
3
8
1880
62
20
3
8
1881
64
20
2
11
1882
53
22
2
9
1883
53
23
3
(i
1884
39
20
2
6
1885
38
22
4
188e-
41
22
6
1887
43
20
ti
1888
44
15
7
188!)
40
15
7
188G
29
7
18S7
23
7
1888
26
7
1889
26
6
Brantford
]88(i
19
5
3
1S87
18
5
3
1888
18
5
3
1889
18
5
3
St. ThoiriM
1889
1889
20
6
Ktratford
21
4
Analiih
1889
1 16
1
2
BellBville
1
1889
1
25
3
1
>2
i
18
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A 1891
ScHEDULK B. — Concluded.
Ki-X'APITULATION, shewing thfe total number of Provincial licenses issued in the sevfraT
Counties in the Pio\ince, including the Cities, during the license years 1874-5 6-7-8
9-80-1-2-3-4-5-0-7-8 9.
Yeara.
Tavern.
Shop.
Wholesale.
52
78
147
65
52
42
40
34
35
36
28
24
28
28
26
27
Vessel.
Total.
1874
1K75
4793
4459
2977
2845
2910
3199
1S07
1257
787
739
724
7.^7
33
24
27
27
29
22
22
24
24
21
14
9
12
13
17
15
61S5
5818
1«76
1877
1878
1879
3938
3676
3715
4020
1880
18S1
3227 760
3311 764
3317 787
4049
4133
1882
4163 •
1883
1884
3363
3253
2574
1567
1496
2066
3073
781
675
525
357
325
336
445
4201
3970
1886
1886
1887
18S8
3132
1974
1862
2445
1889
3560
The Six Mouths Licenses and the Licenses extended do not appear in the above Schedule or recapitula-
tion, an 1 as a consequence the total number of Licenses issued, according to the Statement, does not cor-
respond with the number as shown in Schedules A. and C. Beer and Wine Licenses are included with the
ordinary licenses under the heads of Tavern Licenses and Vessel Licenses resijectively. An extended
License is good for a period not exceeding three months. It is not in the nature of a new Licease, but
simply a permission, granted by the Board of Commissioners, to the holder of license expiring in April, to
continue his business under the old license for the specified period, that he may be enabled to dispose of his
stock on hand and quit the business without loss. Six months Licenses run from the first day of May to
the thirty-first day of October, and are not valid after the latter date. Thay are granted in localities whicli
are largely resorted to in summer by visitors, where the Board of Commissioners are of ()i)inion that increased
tavern accommodation for the summer months is necessary.
19
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
issued, and
jr, and for
.c
•06-6881
Nt-» •
c
•6-S881
0; O ->J
a J- «
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5 a <='
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72
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1889
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5 ^ Ol
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cense
1888
Extended Tavern.
■06-6881 :
:
'. '. '.\ '.'.'. '. '. '.
js, whether
it of the Li
\ais 1887-8,
1
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20
64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Remarks.
Can. Temp. Act in force in
1887-8, 1888-9.
i
Payable to Province, less
proportion of expenses.
i
Proportion thereof paid
to Municipalities.
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26 44
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■
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42 83
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Amounts received
for Provincial Licenses,
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and Fines in each
Municipality.
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13^
A. 1891
c
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Sessional Papers (No. ItJ).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13.)
A. 1891
<
g
1
1 Canada Temp. Act in
j force in 1887-8.
Can. Temp. Act in force
' in 1887-8.
Can. Temp. Act in force
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54 Victo ia.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
a
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 1 3).
A. 1891
i
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64 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
Remarks.
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Sessional Papers (No. IS).
A. 1891
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A. 1891
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Sessional Papers (No. 18).
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Sessional Papers (No. 18).
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (N'o. 13).
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
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Sessional Papers (No. 13).
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Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
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54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 18).
A. 1891
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Sessional Papers (No. 18)
A. 1891
- P3
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•8-288I
•^ o >o w ec c<5
■^OIJJHIQ aHUODIfJ
• * = -g
^ tic'S ji 3? ■" *•
.S4
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers
(No. 18).
A. 1891
p •"
•0G-C88T
G-888X
•8-2881
IT O <Z3 cq O O CO
o o -r CO lo lO XI
o tt -f l~ -K -i< -^n
O r-i wo O -O •>!
O O 1-1 ;2 IM C^ CO
t^ t^ rH ■>»• (M IM
T)
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5
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o
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o
a
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m
r^^
1^^
OJ
o
5
^
Eb
c
o
^
TT
§
<;
p-
r 1
C
•06-6881
"6-8881
1005 00
1330 00
450 00
480 00
545 00
1890 00
u-5
O
O
00
•8-Z88T
O lO c-i o o o o
-)• t- Ci -f C/O -" O
r^ — CO c: T i;:: -o
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t-i .-I ci
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'IJOIJUSIQ -JSUOOI^J
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCHEDULE D.
Comparative Statement of the amount of Fines collected and the amounts paid in
respect of Expenses of Commissioners and Salaries of Inspectors, in each License
District, for the license years 1SS7-8, 18S8-9 and 1889-90 respectively.
License District.
Fines Collected.
1887-8.
1888-9. i 1889-90.
Addington
Algoma
Brant, North
Brant. Sonth
Brantford
Brockville and Leeds
Bruce, Centre .
Bruce, North
Bruce, South
Cardwell
Carleton
Crjrnwall
Dnti'erin
Dundas
Durham, East
Durham, West
Elgin, yiast
Elgin, West
Essex, North
Essex, South
Frontenac
Glengarry
Grenville
Grey, Centre .
Grey, North
Grey, South
Haldimand
Haliburton
Halton
Hamilton
Hastings, East
Hastings, North
Hastings, West
Huron, J'^a.-^t
Huron, South
Huron, West
Kent, East
Kent, West
KinffBton.
Lanibton, East
Lambton, West
Lanark, North
Lanark, South
Lennox
Lincoln
Londf)n
Maiiit )u1in
Mif'dl *';x, East
>Ti'i'ilf-w.x. North ...
^' West
Nifiin'ting
Noriolk, North
Norfolk, South
50 00
40 00
510 00
410 00
SO 00
384 00
390 00
r.o 00
20 00
1710 00
182 00
(50 00
S09 00
700 00
1318 00
20 00
111 ir,
323 20
20 00
C.50 OC
LMO 00
540 00
481 00
315 00
495 00
325 00
150 00
415 00
260 00
250 00
378 00
107 00
100 00
10 00
20 00
1777 00
SO 00
20 00
439 S5
50 00
84 00
410 00
390 00
(i03 83
140 00
80 00
210 00
70 00
l(-5 00
180 00
S c.
20 CO
148 25
70 00
40 00
00 UO
227 55
217 00
85 00
138 00
255 75
40 00
GO 00
275 00
22fi 00
27 00
190 00
323 00
400 00
390 00
14 00
50 00
ISO 00
340 00
110 00
396 00
140 00
40 00
50 00
280 00
1080 00
260 00
(iO 00
334 80
130 00
180 CO
310 00
610 00
304 00
444 00
110 00
350 00
615 00
190 00
76 00
269 35
3»0 00
20 00
200 00
1 40 00
S5 00
>>0 00
150 CO
lor. 00
199 00
170 00
Paid in respect of Expen.ses of
Commissioners and Salaries
of Inspectors.
1887-8.
1888-9. ! 1889-90.
500 00
485 08
424 00
436 00
151 16
498 15
506 80
527 05
544 90
430 56
457 75
485 29
566 70
528 00
481 20
530 00
500 00
525 00
176 50
594 44
546 52
555 28
1200 00
582 00
551 30
850 75
518 55
530 00
500 00
.501 25
185 00
452 97
1.500 00
565 50
581 33
1006 78
572 89
540 88
563 89
800 00
800 00
900 00
900 00
444 50
410 57
30 GO
:«>3 70
401 00
2.S3 73
.S33 00
(525 75
492 87
5.S0 92
404 65
462 70
346 42
409 39
642 50
459 00
519 45
604 50
573 60'
497 57
490 OO-
528 25
558 77
516 50
595 09
3.57 41
500 00
734 86
554 5a
498 75
610 oa
531 17
532 25
505 OO
500 00
501 bO
167 70
487 00
1200 OO
557 50
615 25
914 93
622 00
008 00
(!07 00
005 72
021 oa
hOO 00
4KS 18
428 75
413 75
449 30
431 25
398 91
901 00
417 50
601 00
036 .'55
582 .lO
494 OO
520 25
300 00
020 00
592 50
8(1
-54- \'ict()i'ia.
Sessional PapcrG (No. 10).
A. 1891
SCHEDULE D.
Comparative Statement of the amount of Fines, etc., in each License District for tlie
license years 1887-S, 1888-9 and 1889-90 respectively. — Continued.
LieKxsK District.
Fines Collected.
Paid in respect of Expenses i f
Commissioners and Salaiies
of Inspectors.
1SS7-8.
1888-9.
1889-90.
1887-8.
1888-9.
1889-90.
Tsorthumberland, East
S c.
S c.
8 c.
100 00
130 00
40 00
S65 00
820 00
360 00
250 00
190 00
285 00
320 00
277 50
80 00
50 00
293 00
260 00
"'"lO 00
535 00
10 00
80 00
80 00
400 00
330 00
60 00
170 00
1985 00
150 00
380 00
338 00
26 00
174 00
100 00
160 00
85 00
45 00
150 00
110 00
200 00
20 00
S c.
S c.
S c.
576 13
Northumberland, West
487 25
Ontario, North
596 :-<0
604 OS
Ottawa '. . ,
1055 00
750 00
1400 00
1553 33
1750 00
Oxford, Nortli
491 .50
Oxford, South
586 30
Parry Sound
Peel
Perth, North
"'"]85 OO'
440 00
176 00
555 00
20 00
614 00
250 00
221 50
592 50
750 00
611 50
457 55
57.5 92
765 76
619 00
446 30
596 50
750 00
Perth, South
617 00
Peterborough, Kast
536 25
Peterborough, West
461 34
Prescott
Prince Edv.ard
Hainy River
391 66
180 00
155 00
220 00
190 00
230 00
665 00
172 00
150 00
30 00
825 00
247 75
20 00
365 00
1290 00
466 00
532 50
300 00
474 00
563 00
300 00
507 37
482 50
401 30
480 00
554 13
541 12
531 42
487 24
495 00
3793 33
513 75
576 00
300 00
630 00
Kenf rew. South
'"'37100
616 91
524 00
Russell
255 00
140 00
591 53
St. Catharines
519 99
Sinicoe, Centre
650 29
573 54
Sinicoe, West
550 SO
Storuiont
'".53r74'
3750 00
550 00
Thunder Bay
Toronto
Victoria, East ....
610 00
4250 OO
495 00
3787 70
313 95
660 04
Waterloo, North
168 00
240 00
146 00
469 00
140 00
251 00
509 50
583 86
732 40
530 00
558 97
722 38
564 00
Waterloo, South
577 25
Welland
Wellington, East
768 83
600 20
Wellington, South
602 09
631 65
Wentworth, North
290 00
80 00
125 00
535 00
370 00
15999 15
182 00
290 00
455 00
80 00
18454 63
478 00
552 00
532 51
511 75
498 69
514 00
635 95
509 60
511 00
f.29 .58
36411 16
589 00
476 75
York, East
557 00
York, North
510 00
York, West
537 50
Totals
21073 20
24553 24
56145 55
87
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1S91
SCHEDULE E.
Comparative Statement, shewing the number of Prisoners committed to the County
Gaols for Drunkenness, during the years 187G, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882,
1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889 and 1890.
CovNTY OR District.
1876,1877
AlgoaiP
Brant .
Bruce .
Carleton ! 387
Dutferin .
Elgin
Essex
Frontenac. .
Grey
Haldimand
Halton
Hastings. . .
Huron
1878
Si
2
319
143
15
41
55
137
13
283
1879 1880
1881 1882,188311884
24
G3
8
272
19
17 i 241 21' 15
1885
18861887 1888 1 8891 1890
Kent
2
21i 15
20: 13
24' 29
24! 20
123! 84
71 0
Lambton • • • • ■
Lanark ,
Leeds and Grenville 841 69
Lennox and Addington j 0| 4
Lincoln 56| 98
155| IOC
2, 9
Middlesex
Muskoka and Parry Sound.
Nipissing
Norfolk
Northumberland and Durham.
Ontario .
Oxford .
Peel
Perth
Peterborough
Prescott and Russell .
Prince Edward
Renfrew
Siincoe
Stonnont.Dundas and Glengarry
111 35
6f)l 07
10! 10
571 30
47
GO
139
14
G
6
43
22
20
54
59
12G
35
10
1
34
15
81 64 i
2 141
I
222, 2G'.)!
... 1'
80 1
41
75 1 58
10 3
265' 261
.•53' 45
71 51
102
40
15
6
16
22
24
120
142 115
10' 8
84| 71| 72
51 9
08 51
211
8
Thunder Hay
Victoria and Haliburton
WaU^rloo I 1^
Welland | 69
Wellington 41
Wentworth ... 2.59
York
Total
1755
3868
193
6
1
15
24
11
235
91 133
33 1 18
105 95
I
321 25
10 4
lOli 321
36' 26
396i 382
1807,1293
4032 3785
1
26
25
■6
55^ 54
I
271 14
35 39
51 27
1
7r.i
46
53
23
6
5
35
18
13
10
56
14]
55J
210
8
25
314
li
92; 82
121 103
461 75
23i 19' 28
77
4
11
41
2421 269
13 8
7
6
50
4
26
105
7
135
20
39
445
16
I
10: 17
18 I81
lOi 21
ol lOj
32' 28]
14 4;
20 37
38 71
10 10
107
3
811 83
10 7
28 11
188i 186
23
382
1359
3581
62
4
126
8
I
145
40 36
4171 3391
1463|13I2
3795 332K
2
76
24
56
7
88
14
10
.50
51
.396
1445
3497
12
28
205
1
57
4
74
36
18
9
45
3
18
130
()
80
6
29
277
84
6
4
26
4
21
24
17
27
3
41
Hi
11 85 128 641 fiO-
112 147
6 22
280| 286
3j 3
301 25
311 45
108
21
58
20
15
13
31
41
14
721 38
4I 9
361 24
338
39
404
8
13
61 5
15! 6
29;
29
46
107
29
24
19
6
4
64
4
31
7
28
408
6
218 1 182-
81 6-
I
296' 336-
4 2-
I
23 1 20'
47 35-
I
1391 129-
17
l&
9-
49
5-
611 71
I
99: 108.
2 5
52' 5i>-
4' 22:
33| 24
540; 3.32
45J 28-
32 81! i»7
3 17i 3-
28' 38
12
281...
10
15
13
1
54' 20
296 • 705
r 20
14 11
34 1 23
93 49
376 295
1485
1661
3H97 4650
31 1 35
31 1
153' 119
]3|
I
7
33
32
368
1707
3696
4
40
12
385
170'^
3555
G4
16
4
148
2
8
32
22
373
2166
1130
45
28
7
148
4
12
12
21
429
2098
4461
51 2
55i 51
' i
28 i ."(>
16; 14
20' 4.">
2:....
38 33-
461 3 1
29 25-
135 12^
J r
I
201 17
2l| 11^
10 la
401 i 418
I
2096] 20«5^
4797 457.'^
HH
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCHEDULE F.
Names and Post Ollice Addresses of the Inspectors of Licenses of the several License
Districts throujjhout the Province.
License Distiuot.
Addington
Algoma
Brant, North
Brant, South
Brantford, City
Brockville and Leeds
Bruce, Centre
Bruce, North
Bruce, South
Cardwell
Carleton
Cornwall
Duff er in
Dundas
Durham, East
Durham, West
Elgin, East
Elgin, West ,
Essex, North <
Essex, South
Frontenac
Glengarry
Grenville
Grey, Centre
Grey, North
Grey, South
Haldimand
Haliburton
Halton
Inspector.
James M. Smith
A. G. Duncan
Geo. Pike ,
Isaac B. Merritt
Southworth Cole
R. R, Phillips
John Irving
Alexander McCannel
Angus Stewart
G. N. Clark
John O'Callaghan
William Pollock . . . .
Thomas Anderson . . .
Asa Beach
E. A. Powers
W. R. Climie
Ara Miller
Alexander Beaton . . . .
Thomas J. Elliott
L. N. Castanier, Assistant Inspector
Alanson Elliott
John Dawson
Archibald McNab
Charles Chapman
James Campbell
C. C. Pearce
Thomas A. Harris
Hiram Gee
R. C. Garratt
W. D. Brothers
Hamilton
J. I. Mackenzie .
Frederick Walker.
P.O. AUDRKSS.
Hastings, East
7(L.)
1 Michafl Lally
89
Tamworth.
Sault Ste. Marie.
Brantford.
Scotland.
Brantford.
Caintown.
Paisley.
Port Elgin,
Lucknow.
Beeton.
Kars.
Cornwall.
Orangeville .
Iroquois.
Port Hope.
Bowman ville.
Aylmer.
West Lome.
Windsor.
Oxley.
Wolfe Island.
Alexandria.
Prescott.
Clarksburg.
Owen Sound.
Durham.
Fisherville.
Minden.
MiUon.
Hamilton.
Belleville.
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13)
A. 1891
SCHEDULE ¥.— Continued.
LicKNSE District.
Inspector.
Hastings, North
Hastings, West
Huron, East
Huron, South
Huron, West
Kent, Eaat
Kent, West
Kingston
Lambton, East
Lambton, West
Lanark, North
Lanark, South
Lennox
Lincoln
London
Manitoulin
Middlesex, East
Middlesex, North ...'...
Middlef^ex, West
Monck
Muskoka
Nipissing
Norfolk, North
Norfolk, South
Northumberland, East.
Northumberland, Wewt
Ontario, North
Ontario, South
P. 0. Addkkss.
Edward Mouncey
James St. Charles
Madoc.
Belleville.
John R. Miller | Jamestown.
Wm. Ballantyne
Wm. J. Paisley .
Seaforth.
Clinton.
Thomas Boon BothwelL
Israel Evans
William Gliddcn
H. G. Taylor
Rueben C. Palmer
J. D. Robertson
John McCann
W. A. Rose
R. Fowlie
Robert Henderson London.
J. B. White Manitowaning.
John Durand Dorchester Statioift
Daniel Schoff | Clandeboye.
Chatham.
Kingston.
Wyoming.
Sarnia.
Almonte.
Perth.
Napauee.
St. Catharines.
Ottawa
(Jxfcrd, Nortli.
Oxford, South.
I'arry Sound . . .
Mt. Brydges.
Dunnville.
Bracebridge.
Mattawa.
Simcoe.
Port Dover.'
Warkwortli.
Cobourg.
Uxbridge.
Whitby.
j-t)ttawa.
Woodstock,
IngersoU.
William Ireland I Pwiry Sound,
90
W. C. Robertson
L. ^lassacar . . .-.
Elijah F. Stephenson
Napoleon Fink
W. F. Nickerson
James E. Decou
Patrick Gallagher
James Bulger
E. J. Breen
.John Ferguson
John O'Reilly
Heo. E. St. George, Asst. innp. & Prov. Otticer
William G. MiKay.
Gonlim H. Cook . . .
54 Victoria.
Sessional Papers (No. 13).
A. 1891
SCHED ULE F.— Continued.
License District.
Inspeotok.
Peel
Perth, North
Perth, So ith
Peterborough, East
Peterborough, ^Yest
Prescott
Prince Edward
Rainy River
Renfrew, North
Renfrew, South
Russell
St. Catharines
Simcoe, Centre
Simcoe, East
Simcoe, Wobt
Stormont
Thunder Bay
J. oronto <
Victoria, East
Victoria, West
Waterloo, North
Waterloo, South
Wellend
Wellington, East
Wellington, South
Wellington, West
Wentworth, North
Wentworth, South
York, East
York, North
York, West
Joseph Poster
Alexander M. Fisher
John S. Coppin
John James Crowe
George Cochrane
James U. Malloy
D. L. Bongard
Frank Gardner
Alfred J. Fortier
Geo. W. McDonald
Daniel McLaurin
R. Fowlie
John W. Morrow
Angus McKay '
Geo. Dinwoody ...
Donald P. McKinnon
W. H. Hes.son
j Thomas Dexter, Chief
< John Wilson, West
(.Thomas A. Hastings, East
John Short
John Short
Benjamin Devitt
M. A. Abbey
Archibald Thompson, jr . .
John Macdonald
W. S. Cowan
T. Flath
Joseph Bowman
Thomas Macklem
James Eckhart
William Malloy
Robert Wilcock
91
r. O. Addkess.
Brampton,
Amulree.
Mitchell.
Warsaw.
Lakefield.
Fournier.
Picton.
Rat Portage.
Pembroke.
Renfrew.
I ]\Ietcalfe.
St. Catharines.-
Barrie.
Orillia.
Alliston.
South Finch.
Port Arthur.
Toronto.
Lindsay.
Lindsay.
Waterloo.
Preston.
Welland.
Elora.
Guelph.
Drayton.-
Dundas.
Hamilton.
Unionville.
Newmarket.
Richview.
414
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